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Fort Nelson Arability Mapping Project

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Fort Nelson Arability Mapping Project Fort Nelson Arability Mapping Project Conducted by: Geoterra Integrated Resource Systems Limited For: The Fort Nelson Farmer’s Institute Funding for this project was provided by the the Beef Cattle Industry Development Fund, the Ministry of Agriculture and Lands and the Investment Agriculture Foundation of B.C. 2 December, 2007 Fort Nelson Arability Mapping Project Table of Contents Page Executive Summary................................................................................. 3 I. Introduction........................................................................................ 4 II. General Information and Land-Use of the Study Area...................... 5 III.Climate Capability for Agriculture................................... ................. 5 IV. Study Area Locality and Accessibility……………......... ................ 6 Area 1………………………………………………… ….…. 6 Area 2…………………………………………………… ….…. 6 Area 3…………………………………………………… ….…. 6 Area 4…………………………………………………… ….…. 7 V. Background Information and Data………………………………...... 8 VI. Project Methods and Procedures…………...……………………..... 8 VII. Discussion of Soils, Land Capability for Agriculture and Arability... 13 Area 1…………………………………………………………... 14 Area 2…………………………………………………………... 15 Area 3…………………………………………………………... 16 Area 4…………………………………………………………... 16 VIII. Project Results and Products……………………………………... 17 IX. References…………………………………………………………. 19 List of Figures Page Figure 1. Map of the Study Area of the Fort Nelson Area…………….... 7 3 Executive Summary Successful completion of the Fort Nelson Arability project has resulted in land capability for agriculture/soils/arability classification of over 21 000ha of land in the vicinity of Fort Nelson, B.C. During the field inspection it was determined that approximately 18 000ha (86%) was classified as arable and approximately 14% (3000ha) was classified as unarable. The majority of land was found to have a 3WDC class. Class 1 soils were found in some areas along the Fort Nelson River and were determined to be best suited for agricultural purposes. Excess water was determined as the most limiting factor throughout the entire study area and mostly occurred in black spruce type lands. Project funding was provided by the Beef Cattle Industry Development Fund, the Ministry of Agriculture and Lands and the Investment Agriculture Foundation of BC via the Fort Nelson Farmer’s Institute. 4 I. Introduction The Fort Nelson Arability project was undertaken to assess the land capability for agriculture and arability of specified Crown land in the vicinity of the town of Fort Nelson. The project was initiated by the Fort Nelson Farmer’s Institute and the Ministry of Agriculture. An airphoto/soil map data interpretation project had been completed that has identified areas that are potentially arable in the Fort Nelson area. The study area for assessment has been compiled based on this interpretation. Due to the large areas identified, budget constraints and remote access (economically unfeasible), these areas were further reduced by the Ministry of Agriculture and the Fort Nelson Farmer’s Institute and prioritized according to location, accessibility, specified areas of interest amongst local farmers and areas in the vicinity of the Fort Nelson First Nations Reserve. The purpose of the project is to identify lands that are most suitable for agriculture purposes with the highest value potential. These results will provide arability information that will be used by Ministry professional and technical staff in evaluating the suitability of Crown land for agriculture use The capability portion of this arability mapping project is the key component in determining agriculture development areas within the Fort Nelson Land and Resource Management Plan. The Government of British Columbia approved the plan in October 1997. The products resulting from this capability and the subsequent suitability phase will guide plan implementation as well as future operational level planning processes. Upon government approval for the project, the Fort Nelson Farmer’s Institute initiated this study and subsequently found funding approval by the Beef Cattle Industry Development Fund, the Ministry of Agriculture and Lands and the Investment Agriculture Foundation of BC to assess the future potential of lands for agriculture purposes. Soils information of the area is limited and as a result, this study was necessary to assist future planning and create interest of future farming in the Fort Nelson area. Two soils studies have been conducted in the area with the last study occurring in 1982. It is anticipated that the results of this study will enhance the future of the agricultural resource of Fort Nelson. The study area encompasses over 21 000 hectares covering eighteen mapsheets which were further divided into 4 areas due to locality. These are further identified in the Study Area Locality and Accessibility section of the report. Elevations range from 223m to 663m mainly from the river bottom of the Fort Nelson River to the Poplar Hills area along Highway 77. Areas were assessed along the Fort Nelson River that is a main tributary throughout the region. The study area was also located along the Alaska Highway, Liard Highway (Hwy 77), Sierra-YoYo-Desan Road, Andy Bailey Road, McConachie Road and the Apache Road. The methodology for the land capability for agriculture conformed to the Ministry of Environment Manual 1, 1983 publication, “Land Capability Classification for Agriculture in British Columbia” while the arability classes were assigned according to contract specifications as determined by the contract manager (identified further in report in the Background Information and Data section). Contract administration was provided by Mark Yawney, P.Ag., B.C. Ministry of Agriculture and Lands, Prince George and by Danny Soles, president of the Fort Nelson Farmer’s Institute, Fort Nelson, B.C.. 5 II. General Information and Land-Use of the Study Area General information of Fort Nelson was provided by the Northern Rockies Regional District and by local knowledge of the consultants. Fort Nelson is located at Historical Mile 300 on the Alaska Highway, in the Northeast corner of the province of British Columbia. The town was established in 1805 by the Northwest Fur Trading Company. With the building of the airport in 1941 and the completion of the Alaska Highway the following year, these major factors contributed to the growth of the town. The current population stands at over 4700, of which, approximately 15% consists of the First Nations population. Over 500 members of the First Nations reside in the Fort Nelson reserve alone, and are active members of the Fort Nelson community. The town experiences seasonal population increases, prominently in the winter, when logging and oil and gas activities bring in an additional 2000 people to the area. Fort Nelson's economic base rests on its natural resource industries. This northeast area of the province is currently the only part of BC that is producing oil and gas, and is considered one of the most active areas in petroleum industry and natural gas output in North America. The boreal mixed wood forests of the Fort Nelson Forest District is used to generate its Forestry industry, with its plywood and sawmill complex and Oriented Strand Board plants. Agriculture is a relatively recent focus in the Fort Nelson area, and it utilizes its long hours of sunlight during the spring and summer months. The meat product market includes bison, in addition to conventional livestock, and many types of crops are currently being explored in the area for agricultural purposes. Typical crops grown in Fort Nelson include hay, aphalfa, oats and wheat. As agricultural land is becoming more in demand with a rising global population, identifying arable land in Fort Nelson along with the land capability is important for future agricultural crops. This project will help to identify future agricultural land. III. Climate Capability for Agriculture The land capability for agriculture rating is based on a combination of both climatic and soil limitations with the climatic class providing the base rating (Luttmerding et al, 2004). Soil characteristics only influence the land capability rating if the soil limitations are as, or more severe than the climatic limitations. No climatic capability maps were found of the Fort Nelson area and limited data could be found on the climatic capability. Discussions with local farmers acknowledged their agriculture limitations of a short growing season. Direction for climatic limitations classes were given by Herb Luttmerding of Kelowna, BC. Since limited data was available for climatic limitations, elevation was used instead as a criteria to base the guideline on. The classes for adverse climatic limitations were as follows: Class 1 = less than 340m; Class 2C = 340m to 450m; Class 3&4C = 451m to 555m; Class 5C = 556m to 740m and Class 6&7C = greater than 740m. Fort Nelson is situated at an elevation of 422m, and normally experiences a dry climate with an annual average precipitation of 452mm and 106 frost-free days. Average annual snowfall is 178cm, rainfall is 320mm, and the average hours of sunshine is 2035 hours. Fort Nelson has all four seasons, with a summer average temperature of 15.5 degrees Celsius (with a high of mid-30's) and a winter average temperature of -18.5 degrees Celsius (which can go down to -40's). The spring and summer months of 2007 were unusually wet, with a precipitation total of 106.6mm, 96.7mm, 84.4mm, 58.7mm
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