Streetscape Design Manual
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Streetscape design manual CONTENTS Contents 1. Introduction 6-8 2. Policy and Legislative Background 9 3. Design Process 10-39 3.1 Quality Audits 11 3.1.1 The street environment: issues to keep in mind 11 3.1.2 Where and when should Quality Audits be carried out? 11 3.1.3 Quick Quality Audit 12 3.1.4 The Quality Audit Process 13 3.1.5 Lincolnshire County Council Quality Audit process 14 3.1.6 Developer-funded design 21 3.1.7 Incremental de-cluttering (see also Section 4.3.2) 25 3.1.8 Community Street Audits 26 3.2 Understanding local distinctiveness 29 3.2.1 Examples of elements of the street scene which can add to a ‘sense of place’ 29 3.2.2 Traditional road signs in Lincolnshire (TRiL) 29 3.3 Street Clutter 31 3.4 Consultation 32 3.4.1 Accessibility 32 3.4.2 Crime and fear of crime 33 3.4.3 Energy effciency 36 3.4.4 Setting up partnerships and community engagement 37 3.5 Seeking funding 39 4. Design Principles 40-90 4.1 Check list for design process 40 4.2 Flow chart for design principles 42 4.3 General Principles 43 4.3.1 Introduction 43 4.3.2 Impact and scale of works 44 4.3.3 Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (CDM 2015) 44 4.3.4 Shared space 44 4.3.5 Visibility 49 4.3.6 Materials 50 4.3.7 Laying of surfacing 50 4.3.8 Ensuring quality of workmanship 51 4.3.9 Contemporary design 52 4.3.10 Accessibility for people with disabilities 55 4.3.11 Guard rails 56 Last updated December 2016 3 CONTENTS 4.3.12 Traffc signals 58 4.3.13 Street lighting 60 4.3.14 Cycling 60 4.3.15 Trees and planting 60 4.3.16 Decoration of utility service boxes 61 4.3.17 Bus stop infrastructure 61 4.3.18 Kerbs 61 4.3.19 Junctions, crossings and accesses 62 4.3.20 One-way streets 62 4.4 Vehicle dominant 62 4.4.1 Urban 62 4.4.2 Rural 66 4.5 Multi-purpose streets 73 4.5.1 Urban 73 4.5.2 Village centres and suburban streets 77 4.6 Pedestrian dominant 84 4.7 Historic streets 87 4.8 New development 88 5. Public Art 91-93 5.1 Benefts of involving artists in streetscape improvements 91 5.2 Initial Considerations 91 5.3 Commissioning Public Art 91 5.4 Funding 92 6. Monitoring and Celebrating Success 94-95 6.1 Monitoring and measuring success 94 6.2 Celebrating success 95 7. Maintenance 96-97 7.1 New schemes 96 7.2 Routine maintenance 96 7.3 Commuted sums for maintenance 96 8. Managing Risk 98-99 9. Case Studies 100-137 4 Last updated December 2016 CONTENTS Bibliography 138-141 Appendices 142-160 1. Report on Every Street Matters public consultation 142-150 2. Policy and Legislative Background 151-154 3. Quick Quality Audit 155 4. Data capture sheets for audit of current use of streets as part of a Quality Audit 156-157 5. Data capture sheets for audit of visual quality as part of a Quality Audit 158-159 6. Traditional Roadsigns in Lincolnshire (TRiL) Reinstatement Policy 160 Last updated December 2016 5 INTRODUCTION 1. Introduction The Streetscape Design Manual sets out the requirements for considerations which should be given to the design, construction and maintenance of the street environment in Lincolnshire. Mandatory requirements are set out in the various technical documents, for instance, the Design Manual for Roads and Bridges, and Traffc Signs Regulations and General Directions (2002, 2016); nothing in this manual can override the mandatory requirements of such documents. This guidance has been written with reference to Manual for Streets. From this point Manual for Streets will be referred to as MfS (both documents), MfS1, or MfS2, where appropriate. Since the Streetscape Design Manual was frst published in 2008 its use has been reviewed, and its status has been revised. To ensure a consistent and holistic approach to high quality streetscape design its use in the design process is now mandatory. This status is confrmed in the Highway Design Wheel in HAT 34, where it is now to be found as one of the ’Mandatory Standards’. This document will be continuously monitored, and its users will be able to provide comment and feedback to make sure it is up-to-date and useable. It is important to remember that every street environment is different, and that all site conditions should be considered before deciding on any design. This document is intended to be used in a fexible way. It sets out options for consideration, but it is stressed that these options will not be suitable or affordable for every site location but the overall philosophy of this document should consistently be followed. It should also be noted that improvements carried out in the majority of Lincolnshire’s streets will not be the high profle and more expensive schemes. The Streetscape Design Manual is intended for use by highways engineers when new schemes are being proposed, and where works are part of the Highway Authority’s routine maintenance programme, as suggestions on how to approach these changes. Broad aims vehicles and people. In addition, they give access to The aim of this document is to help practitioners and from buildings of all types, and contribute to their working on the street environment to raise the lighting and ventilation. They are a route for utilities, and aspirations of the people who live and work in are used for storage, particularly for vehicles. They are Lincolnshire, and those who visit the county. public spaces, used by everyone, thus accommodating essential social interactions of all kinds, from formal Streets have many varied functions, and whenever gatherings to chance meetings (CABE, 2002). All these work is being considered in the street environment, demands must be given due consideration if adequate, it will be essential to consider the street holistically in satisfying and attractive street environments are to be order to achieve and maintain a high standard of design created and maintained. or maintenance. This means taking into account not only the physical aspects of the street scene, but also There are some general principles which will help in considering the street from engineering, aesthetic and achieving high quality street environments, and raising social standpoints. This will help show how proposed and maintaining high levels of aspiration for designers, works would affect the way people would use the street, delivery organisations and the public. All of these and also reveal the type of provision needed to satisfy principles, as set out below, should be given full and the needs and aspirations of all users, that is those living careful consideration. Many of them demand effective in, working in and visiting and travelling along the street. consultation, and may require innovative approaches. They should always be borne in mind when carrying out This document applies to all streets and roads, whether works which would affect the street environment. They urban, suburban, village or rural, old or new. Streets provide a means of looking for, and taking advantage of, exist primarily to accommodate the movement of opportunities to improve the street environment for all. 6 Last updated December 2016 INTRODUCTION The Branston mosaic group (made up of volunteers from the local Franklin Memorial, Spilsby Market Place. An attractive place to visit and community) producing a foor panel for public realm improvements. shop, with a local favour. These principles are that streets should be: the sustainable management and enhancement n Accessible, comfortable and safe for pedestrians, of historic landscape character. The guidance cyclists, disabled people, and vehicles, thus giving also deals with the effects of changing the existing choice about the most effcient form of transport infrastructure in historically sensitive areas. Advice for each journey: this will promote sustainability and can also be sought from the Places Team. For accessibility. streets in Lincoln practitioners should consult the n Designed to accommodate many diverse functions, Lincoln Townscape Assessment. This can be viewed not dominated by any one function. at www.heritageconnectlincoln.com. n Visually clear and simple, and free of clutter. n Capable of satisfying appropriate demands for access Regardless of whether a street is a straightforward (including deliveries and parking). or complex space, what matters is the simplicity and clarity of its paving, street furniture, lighting and In applying the guidance it will be important to landscaping. Creating a high quality street scene ensure that the decisions made and the reasoning need not necessarily be expensive. behind them are documented for future reference. n Well cared for, with utility features and advertising The benefts that high quality street environments can kept subordinate to all other street functions. bring include: n Sympathetic to local character and local usage, in n Helping to build a sense of community. design and detail, whether rural or urban. The n Reducing crime and anti-social behaviour. protection and promotion of local distinctiveness n Promoting tourism. and ‘sense of place’ is vital in maintaining the identity n Attracting new businesses and help existing and confdence of communities. The Historic businesses. Landscape Characterisation project for Lincolnshire n Promoting walking and cycling. will help to identify those qualities which defne n Promoting access to public transport. local character. The Highways Agency has published n Boosting the morale of communities and individuals. guidance which is intended to complement and n Building a sense of ownership and pride in our extend advice given in Cultural Heritage, Volume street environment.