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“We Are Like the Dead” RIGHTS Torture and Other Human Rights Abuses in Jail Ogaden, WATCH Somali Regional State, Ethiopia

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“We Are Like the Dead” RIGHTS Torture and Other Human Rights Abuses in Jail Ogaden, WATCH Somali Regional State, Ethiopia HUMAN “We are Like the Dead” RIGHTS Torture and other Human Rights Abuses in Jail Ogaden, WATCH Somali Regional State, Ethiopia “We are Like the Dead” Torture and other Abuses in Jail Ogaden, Somali Regional State, Ethiopia Copyright © 2018 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 978-1-6231-36291 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch defends the rights of people worldwide. We scrupulously investigate abuses, expose the facts widely, and pressure those with power to respect rights and secure justice. Human Rights Watch is an independent, international organization that works as part of a vibrant movement to uphold human dignity and advance the cause of human rights for all. Human Rights Watch is an international organization with staff in more than 40 countries, and offices in Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Goma, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Nairobi, New York, Paris, San Francisco, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, Tunis, Washington DC, and Zurich. For more information, please visit our website: http://www.hrw.org JULY 2018 ISBN: 978-1-6231-36291 “We are Like the Dead” Torture and other Abuses in Jail Ogaden, Somali Regional State, Ethiopia Acronyms and Abbreviations ............................................................................................... i Map of Zones in the Somali Region ..................................................................................... ii Summary ........................................................................................................................... 1 Recommendations .............................................................................................................. 6 To the Prime Minister of Ethiopia ............................................................................................. 6 To the Ethiopian Parliament ...................................................................................................... 7 To the Ethiopian Human Rights Commission ............................................................................. 7 To the United Nations Human Rights Council ............................................................................ 8 To Ethiopia’s International Partners ......................................................................................... 8 To the UN Special Rapporteur on Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, Working Group on Arbitrary Detention .................................................................. 9 To the UN Special Rapporteur on the Independence of Judges and Lawyers .............................. 9 To the African Commission on Human and People’s Rights (ACHPR) Special Rapporteur on Prisons, Conditions of Detention and Policing in Africa ............................................................. 9 Methodology .................................................................................................................... 10 I. Background ................................................................................................................... 13 Torture in Ethiopia .................................................................................................................. 13 Strategic Importance of Somali Regional State ........................................................................ 15 Conflict and Repression in Somali Regional State .................................................................... 17 ONLF Insurgency and the Rise of the Liyu Police ................................................................ 18 Withholding Humanitarian Assistance and Liyu Police Funding ......................................... 21 President Abdi Mohamoud Omar and Reprisals for Expression of Dissent ......................... 22 II. Jail Ogaden ................................................................................................................... 24 Physical Layout ...................................................................................................................... 25 Roles and Responsibilities in Jail Ogaden .............................................................................. 26 Prison Population ................................................................................................................... 27 III. Torture and Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment .................................................... 29 Torture Routines ..................................................................................................................... 30 Beatings ................................................................................................................................. 33 Rape and Other Sexual Violence ............................................................................................. 36 Genital Torture of Men ............................................................................................................ 39 Water Torture ......................................................................................................................... 40 Stress Positions ...................................................................................................................... 42 Stripped Naked ...................................................................................................................... 42 Rolling in Hot Ash ................................................................................................................... 43 Solitary Confinement and Room 8 ........................................................................................... 44 Psychological Trauma ............................................................................................................ 46 IV. Other Inhumane Prison Conditions .............................................................................. 49 Overcrowding ........................................................................................................................ 49 Inadequate Food .................................................................................................................... 50 Health Problems and Lack of Access to Medical Care .............................................................. 52 Theft of Belongings ................................................................................................................. 55 V. Births and Children in Custody ..................................................................................... 56 Births in Custody .................................................................................................................... 56 Children in Custody ................................................................................................................ 57 VI. Due Process Violations ................................................................................................ 59 Lack of Court Hearings and Intimidation of Judges ................................................................... 59 Confessions Under Torture and Opaque Sentencing ................................................................ 61 Release from Jail Ogaden ........................................................................................................ 63 Access to Family .................................................................................................................... 64 VII. Obligation to Investigate Torture ................................................................................ 66 Impunity and Entrenched Obstruction of Monitoring and Oversight ........................................ 66 VIII. Ethiopian Human Rights Commission and Jail Ogaden ............................................... 70 EHRC Response in Somali Region ............................................................................................ 70 Individual Criminal Liability for Torture .................................................................................... 73 IX. The Case for a Federal Commission of Experts .............................................................. 76 X. Government Response to Torture Allegations ............................................................... 78 Acknowledgments ............................................................................................................ 81 Appendix I: Letter to Ministry of Federal Affairs and Pastoral Development ....................... 82 Appendix II: Letter to Ethiopian Human Rights Commission ............................................. 85 Acronyms and Abbreviations ACHPR African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights ANDM Amhara National Democratic Movement AU African Union CAT Convention Against Torture COE Commission of Experts EDF Ethiopian Defence Forces EHRC Ethiopian Human Rights Commission EPRDF Ethiopian Peoples’ Revolutionary Democratic Front ESPDP Ethiopian Somali Peoples’ Democratic Party HOPR House of Peoples’ Representatives ICCPR International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross NEBE National Electoral Board of Ethiopia OLF Oromo Liberation Front ONLF Ogaden National Liberation Front OPDO Oromo Peoples’ Democratic Organization SEPDEM Southern Ethiopia Peoples’ Democratic Movement TPLF Tigrayan Peoples’ Liberation Front UN United Nations I Map of Zones in the Somali Region Summary Jail Ogaden is unthinkable. From the moment you are put there until the moment
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