Polymer Properties and Classification
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Properties of Polypropylene Yarns with a Polytetrafluoroethylene
coatings Article Properties of Polypropylene Yarns with a Polytetrafluoroethylene Coating Containing Stabilized Magnetite Particles Natalia Prorokova 1,2,* and Svetlana Vavilova 1 1 G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademicheskaya St. 1, 153045 Ivanovo, Russia; [email protected] 2 Department of Natural Sciences and Technosphere Safety, Ivanovo State Polytechnic University, Sheremetevsky Ave. 21, 153000 Ivanovo, Russia * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: This paper describes an original method for forming a stable coating on a polypropylene yarn. The use of this method provides this yarn with barrier antimicrobial properties, reducing its electrical resistance, increasing its strength, and achieving extremely high chemical resistance, similar to that of fluoropolymer yarns. The method is applied at the melt-spinning stage of polypropylene yarns. It is based on forming an ultrathin, continuous, and uniform coating on the surface of each of the yarn filaments. The coating is formed from polytetrafluoroethylene doped with magnetite nanoparticles stabilized with sodium stearate. The paper presents the results of a study of the effects of such an ultrathin polytetrafluoroethylene coating containing stabilized magnetite particles on the mechanical and electrophysical characteristics of the polypropylene yarn and its barrier antimicrobial properties. It also evaluates the chemical resistance of the polypropylene yarn with a coating based on polytetrafluoroethylene doped with magnetite nanoparticles. Citation: Prorokova, N.; Vavilova, S. Properties of Polypropylene Yarns Keywords: coatings; polypropylene yarn; polytetrafluoroethylene; magnetite nanoparticles; barrier with a Polytetrafluoroethylene antimicrobial properties; surface electrical resistance; chemical resistance; tensile strength Coating Containing Stabilized Magnetite Particles. Coatings 2021, 11, 830. https://doi.org/10.3390/ coatings11070830 1. -
Tape-Unyte High Density Ptfe Tape
TAPE-UNYTE® HIGH DENSITY PTFE TAPE T-TAPE-SPEC PRODUCT DESCRIPTION COLOR/CONSISTENCY TENSILE STRENGTH - LONGITUDINAL 3000 PSI max - ASTM D882 (mod) PRODUCT The tape is white in color. It shall be free of visible voids, cracks, folds, ELONGATION TAPE-UNYTE® High Density PTFE Tape contamination and has consistent physical properties. TAPE-UNYTE® has an 50% min - ASTM D882 (mod) TYPE indefinite shelf life. THICKNESS ® TAPE-UNYTE is a heavy duty, all TEMPERATURE RANGE USE purpose, non-seizing, PTFE thread sealing .0040 ± .0005 Inches - ASTM D374-42 -A compound in tape form that produces a Gases: PACKAGING leakproof seal on all types of metal and -450EF (-268EC) to 500EF (260EC) plastic threaded connections. TAPE- UNYTE® is a high density, 4 MIL PTFE Liquids: U.S. Measure: (polytetrafluoroethylene) Tape supplied on -450EF (-268EC) to 500EF (260EC) finished spools. Stock Code Size PRESSURE RANGE USE F520 ¼" x 520" (.63 cm x 13.2 m) RECOMMENDED USES T260 ½" x 260" (1.27 cm x 6.6 m) Gases: T520 ½” x 520" (1.27 cm x 13.2 m) TAPE-UNYTE® will not transfer any taste up to 10,000 PSI (1450 kPa) T1296 ½” x 1296" (1.27 cm x 32.9 m) or odor to the system being sealed. Liquids: W260 ¾" x 260" (1.9 cm x 6.6 m) Excellent for food and water systems. up to 3,000 PSI (435 kPa) W520 ¾" x 520" (1.9 cm x 13.2 m) TAPE-UNYTE® will never harden, and is an X260 1" x 260" (1.9 cm x 6.6 m) anti-galling tape making it possible to The system may be pressurized disassemble pipes and bolts easily after immediately after assembly. -
EPA 450 3-83-008 Control of VOC Emissions from Manufacture Of
dine Series Emission Standards and Engineering Division Office of ~ir,.~ofp,and Radiation Office of Air Qualify P!anning and Standards Research Triangle Park: .North Carolina 2771 1 November 1 983 I GUIDELINE SERIES I The guideline series of reports is issued by the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS) to provide information to state and local air pollution control agencies; for example, to provide guidance on the acquisition and processing of air qualitydata and on the planning and analysis requisite for the maintenance of air quality. Reports published in this series will be available - as supplies permit - from the Library Services Office (MD-35), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 2771 1, orfor a nominal fee, from the National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia 221 61. TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ................ PROCESS,AND POLLUTANT EMISSIONS ..... INTRODUCTION ............ POLYPROPYLENE ............ 2.2.1 General Industry Description . 2.2.2 Model Plant ......... HIGH-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE ...... 2.3 .I General Industry Description . 2.3.2 Model Plant. ......... POLYSTYRENE . 2.4.1 General Industry Description . 2,4,2 Model Plant ....... REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 2. .... EMISSION CONTROL TECHNIQUES. ..... 3.1 CONTROL BY COMBUSTION TECHNIQUES. 3.1.1 Flares .......... 3.1.2 Thermal Incinerators ... 3.1.3 Catalytic Incinerators . 3.1.4 Industrial Boilers .... 3.2 CONTROL BY RECOVERY TECHNIQUES . 3.2.1 Condensers ........ 3.2.2 Adsorbers ........ 3.2.3 Absorbers ........ 3.3 REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 3. .... ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS OF RACT .... 4.1 INTRODUCTION. .......... 4.2 AIR POLLUTION .......... 4.3 WATER POLLUTION ......... 4.4 SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL. -
Development of Polysulfone Hollow Fiber Porous Supports for High Flux Composite Membranes: Air Plasma and Piranha Etching
fibers Article Development of Polysulfone Hollow Fiber Porous Supports for High Flux Composite Membranes: Air Plasma and Piranha Etching Ilya Borisov 1,*, Anna Ovcharova 1,*, Danila Bakhtin 1, Stepan Bazhenov 1, Alexey Volkov 1, Rustem Ibragimov 2, Rustem Gallyamov 2, Galina Bondarenko 1, Rais Mozhchil 3, Alexandr Bildyukevich 4 and Vladimir Volkov 1 1 A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia; [email protected] (D.B.); [email protected] (S.B.); [email protected] (A.V.); [email protected] (G.B.); [email protected] (V.V.) 2 Kazan National Research Technological University, Kazan 420015, Russia; [email protected] (R.I.); [email protected] (R.G.) 3 National Research Nuclear University “MEPhI”, Moscow 115409, Russia; [email protected] 4 Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk 220072, Belarus; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (I.B.); [email protected] (A.O.); Tel.: +7-495-955-4893 (I.B.); +7-495-647-59-27 (A.O.) Academic Editors: Alberto Figoli and Tao He Received: 30 December 2016; Accepted: 4 February 2017; Published: 13 February 2017 Abstract: For the development of high efficiency porous supports for composite membrane preparation, polysulfone (PSf) hollow fiber membranes (outer diameter 1.57 mm, inner diameter 1.12 mm) were modified by air plasma using the low temperature plasma treatment pilot plant which is easily scalable to industrial level and the Piranha etch (H2O2 + H2SO4). Chemical and plasma modification affected only surface layers and did not cause PSf chemical structure change. -
Radel® PPSU, Udel® PSU, Veradel® PESU & Acudel® Modified PPSU
Radel ® | Udel ® | Veradel ® | Acudel ® Radel® PPSU, Udel® PSU, Veradel® PESU & Acudel® modified PPSU Processing Guide SPECIALT Y POLYMERS 2 \ Sulfone Polymers Processing Guide Table of Contents Introduction ............................. 5 Part Ejection . 14 Draft . 14 Ejector pins and/or stripper plates . 14 Sulfone Polymers........................ 5 Udel® Polysulfone (PPSU) . 5 Injection Molding Equipment ............. 15 ® Veradel Polyethersulfone (PESU) . 5 Controls . 15 ® Radel Polyphenylsulfone (PPSU) . 5 Clamp . 15 ® Acudel modified PPSU . 5 Barrel Capacity . 15 Press Maintenance . 15 Resin Drying . .6 Screw Design . 15 Rheology................................ 8 Screw Tips and Check Valves . 15 Viscosity-Shear Rate ..................... 8 Nozzles . 16 Molding Process . 16 Resin Flow Characteristics . 9 Melt flow index . 9 Polymer Injection or Mold Filling . 16 Spiral flow . 9 Packing and Holding . 17 Injection Molding . .10 Cooling . 17 Molds and Mold Design .................. 10 Machine Settings ....................... 17 Tool Steels . 10 Barrel Temperatures . 17 Mold Dimensions . 10 Mold Temperature . 18 Mold Polishing . 10 Residence Time in the Barrel . 18 Mold Plating and Surface Treatments . 10 Injection Rate . 18 Tool Wear . 10 Back Pressure . 18 Mold Temperature Control . 10 Screw Speed . 18 Mold Types . 11 Shrinkage . 18 Two-plate molds . 11 Three-plate molds . 11 Regrind ............................... 19 Hot runner molds . 11 Cavity Layout . 12 Measuring Residual Stress ............... 19 Runner Systems . 12 Extrusion............................... 22 Gating . 12 Sprue gating . 12 Edge gates . 13 Predrying ............................. 22 Diaphragm gates . 13 Tunnel or submarine gates . 13 Extrusion Temperatures ................. 22 Pin gates . 13 Screw Design Recommendations . 22 Gate location . 13 Venting . 14 Sulfone Polymers Processing Guide / 3 Die Design ............................. 22 Extruded Product Types . 23 Wire . 23 Film . 23 Sheet . 23 Piping and tubing . 23 Start-Up, Shut-Down, and Purging ....... -
Trade Names and Manufacturers
Appendix I Trade names and manufacturers In this appendix, some trade names of various polymeric materials are listed. The list is intended to cover the better known names but it is by no means exhaustive. It should be noted that the names given may or may not be registered. Trade name Polymer Manufacturer Abson ABS polymers B.F. Goodrich Chemical Co. Acrilan Polyacrylonitrile Chemstrand Corp. Acrylite Poly(methyl methacrylate) American Cyanamid Co. Adiprene Polyurethanes E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co. Afcoryl ABS polymers Pechiney-Saint-Gobain Alathon Polyethylene E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co. Alkathene Polyethylene Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd. Alloprene Chlorinated natural rubber Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd. Ameripol cis-1 ,4-Polyisoprene B.F. Goodrich Chemical Co. Araldite Epoxy resins Ciba (A.R.L.) Ltd. Arnel Cellulose triacetate Celanese Corp. Arnite Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Algemene Kunstzijde Unie N.Y. Baypren Polychloroprene Farbenfabriken Bayer AG Beetle Urea-formaldehyde resins British Industrial Plastics Ltd. Ben vic Poly(vinyl chloride) Solvay & Cie S.A. Bexphane Polypropylene Bakelite Xylonite Ltd. Butacite Poly( vinyl butyral) E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co. Butakon Butadiene copolymers Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd. Butaprene Styrene-butadiene copolymers Firestone Tire and Rubber Co. Butvar Poly(vinyl butyral) Shawinigan Resins Corp. Cap ran Nylon 6 Allied Chemical Corp. Carbowax Poly(ethylene oxide) Union Carbide Corp. Cariflex I cis-1 ,4-Polyisoprene Shell Chemical Co. Ltd. Carina Poly(vinyl chloride) Shell Chemical Co. Ltd. TRADE NAMES AND MANUFACTURERS 457 Trade name Polymer Manufacturer Carin ex Polystyrene Shell Chemical Co. Ltd. Celcon Formaldehyde copolymer Celanese Plastics Co. Cellosize Hydroxyethylcellulose Union Carbide Corp. -
Transparent PC/PMMA Blends Via Reactive Compatibilization in a Twin-Screw Extruder
polymers Article Transparent PC/PMMA Blends Via Reactive Compatibilization in a Twin-Screw Extruder Tobias Bubmann 1, Andreas Seidel 2 and Volker Altstädt 1,3,* 1 Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, Bayreuth 95447, Germany; [email protected] 2 Covestro Deutschland AG, Business Unit Polycarbonates, Research & Development, Development Blends, Leverkusen 51365, Germany; [email protected] 3 Bavarian Polymer Institute and Bayreuth Institute of Macromolecular Research; University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, Bayreuth 95447, Germany * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +49-(0)-921-55-7471 Received: 6 November 2019; Accepted: 7 December 2019; Published: 12 December 2019 Abstract: The effect of different catalysts on reactive compatibilization of 50/50 polycarbonate (PC)/polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) blends achieved via transesterification that occurs during compounding in a twin-screw extruder was investigated on a phenomenological (optical and mechanical properties), mesoscopic (phase morphology), and molecular level (PC-graft(g)-PMMA-copolymer formation and polymer molecular weight degradation). Formation of PC-(g)-PMMA-copolymer by transesterification resulting in transparent mono-phase PC/PMMA blends with obviously improved compatibility of the two polymer constituents requires use of a suitable catalyst. As a side-effect, PC-(g)-PMMA-copolymer formation by transesterification is always accompanied by a significant simultaneous decomposition of the molecular weight (Mw) of the PC. For the first time, a colorless, transparent (mono-phase) PC/PMMA 50/50 blend was achieved by a twin-screw extrusion process that can be easily transferred into industrial scale. To achieve this milestone, 0.05 wt% of a weakly acidic phosphonium salt catalyst had to be applied. -
Nylons: a Review of the Literature on Products of Combustion and Toxicity
— |MH|||| I A111DS l&BTIO NBSIR 85-3280 Nylons: A Review of the Literature on Products of Combustion and Toxicity NBS Reference PUBLICATIONS Emil Braun Barbara C. Levin U S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Bureau of Standards National Engineering Laboratory Center for Fire Research Gaithersburg, MD 20899 February 1986 Sponsored in part by: U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission — • q c — asda, MD 20207 100 • U56 85-3280 1986 NBS keseaech informattojt CENTER NBSIR 85-3280 NYLONS: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE ON PRODUCTS OF COMBUSTION AND TOXICITY Emil Braun Barbara C. Levin U S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Bureau of Standards National Engineering Laboratory Center for Fire Research Gaithersburg, MD 20899 February 1986 Sponsored in part by: U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission Bethesda, MD 20207 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Malcolm Baldrige, Secretary NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS. Ernest Ambler. Director 21 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABLES iv LIST OF FIGURES vii ABSTRACT 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION 2 2.0 CHEMICAL STRUCTURE AND THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES 4 3.0 DECOMPOSITION 5 3.1 VACUUM PYROLYSIS 7 3.2 DECOMPOSITION IN INERT AND AIR ATMOSPHERES 8 3.2.1 GENERAL DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS 8 3.2.2 SPECIFIC GAS SPECIES 11 3.2.2. PURE MATERIALS 11 3. 2. 2. COMPOSITE MATERIALS 14 4.0 TOXICITY 17 4.1 DIN 53 436 19 4.2 FAA TOXICITY PROTOCOL 20 4.3 NASA/USF TOXICITY PROTOCOL 22 4.5 MISCELLANEOUS 27 5.0 LARGE-SCALE TESTS 31 6.0 CONCLUSIONS 35 7.0 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 36 8.0 REFERENCES 37 iii LIST OF TABLES Page TABLE 1. -
Table of Contents
Table of Contents Page Page Flare & Compression - Nut Assemblies Coupling for use w/ Copper Flare Outlets Connections .................................................................. 3 74755 Series ........................................................ 16-17 74750 Series ..............................................................17 74750S Series ............................................................17 Straight Couplings 74776 Series ..............................................................17 74753 Series ................................................................ 4 74776S Series ............................................................17 74754 Series ................................................................ 5 74758 Series .............................................................6-9 74755 Series ..............................................................15 Di-Electric Unions 74756 Series ..............................................................21 74755DB Series ..........................................................16 74758DB Series ............................................................ 9 3 Part Union w/ Internal Pipe Stop 74759 Series ..............................................................10 Y-Branches 708Y Series ........................................................... 18-19 Tees 74760 Series ........................................................ 10-11 74762, 74763, & 74764 Series..................................12 U-Branches 708U Series ......................................................... -
Research Article Preparation, Properties, and Self-Assembly Behavior of PTFE-Based Core-Shell Nanospheres
Hindawi Publishing Corporation Journal of Nanomaterials Volume 2012, Article ID 980541, 15 pages doi:10.1155/2012/980541 Research Article Preparation, Properties, and Self-Assembly Behavior of PTFE-Based Core-Shell Nanospheres Katia Sparnacci,1 Diego Antonioli,1 Simone Deregibus,1 Michele Laus,1 Giampaolo Zuccheri,2 Luca Boarino,3 Natascia De Leo,3 and Davide Comoretto4 1 Dipartimento di Scienze dell’ Ambiente e della Vita, Universita` del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, INSTM, UdR Alessandria, Via G. Bellini 25 g, 15100 Alessandria, Italy 2 Dipartimento di Biochimica “G. Moruzzi”, Universita` di Bologna, INSTM, CNRNANO-S3, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy 3 NanoFacility Piemonte, Electromagnetism Division, Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica Strada delle Cacce 91, 10135 Torino, Italy 4 Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Universita` degli Studi di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy Correspondence should be addressed to Michele Laus, [email protected] Received 2 August 2011; Revised 17 October 2011; Accepted 24 October 2011 Academic Editor: Hai-Sheng Qian Copyright © 2012 Katia Sparnacci et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Nanosized PTFE-based core-shell particles can be prepared by emulsifier-free seed emulsion polymerization technique starting from spherical or rod-like PTFE seeds of different size. The shell can be constituted by the relatively high Tg polystyrene and polymethylmethacrylate as well as by low Tg polyacrylic copolymers. Peculiar thermal behavior of the PTFE component is observed due to the high degree of PTFE compartmentalization. -
Technical Datasheet: Udel® P-1700
Udel® P-1700 Polysulfone Solvay Specialty Polymers www.ulprospector.com Technical Data Product Description Udel® P-1700 polysulfone (PSU) is a tough, rigid, high-strength thermoplastics suitable for continuous use up to 300°F (149°C). It is resistant to oxidation and hydrolysis and withstand prolonged exposure to high temperatures and repeated sterilization. Udel® P-1700 polysulfone is highly resistant to mineral acids, alkali and salt solutions. Resistance to detergents and hydrocarbon oils is good, but the resin may be attacked by polar solvents such as ketones, chlorinated hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons. These resins are also highly resistant to degradation by gamma or electron beam radiation. Electrical properties of Udel® P-1700 polysulfones are stable over a wide temperature range and after immersion in water or exposure to high humidity. The resins comply with FDA 21 CFR 177.1655 and may be used in articles intended for repeated use in contact with foods. Additionally, they are approved by the NSF, by the Department of Agriculture for contact with meat and poultry and by the 3-A Sanitary Standards of the Dairy Association. • Transparent: Udel® P-1700 CL 2611 CMP • Transparent: Udel® P-1700 NT 06 • Transparent: Udel® P-1700 NT 11 • Opaque Black : Udel® P-1700 BK 937 • Opaque White: Udel® P-1700 WH 6417 • Opaque White: Udel® P-1700 WH 7407 • Opaque Gray: Udel® P-1700 GY 8057 General Material Status • Commercial: Active Literature 1 • Technical Datasheet UL Yellow Card 2 • E36098-231084 • Solvay Specialty Polymers Search for -
The Recent Developments in Biobased Polymers Toward
polymers Review The Recent Developments in Biobased Polymers toward General and Engineering Applications: Polymers that Are Upgraded from Biodegradable Polymers, Analogous to Petroleum-Derived Polymers, and Newly Developed Hajime Nakajima, Peter Dijkstra and Katja Loos * ID Macromolecular Chemistry and New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands; [email protected] (H.N.); [email protected] (P.D.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +31-50-363-6867 Received: 31 August 2017; Accepted: 18 September 2017; Published: 18 October 2017 Abstract: The main motivation for development of biobased polymers was their biodegradability, which is becoming important due to strong public concern about waste. Reflecting recent changes in the polymer industry, the sustainability of biobased polymers allows them to be used for general and engineering applications. This expansion is driven by the remarkable progress in the processes for refining biomass feedstocks to produce biobased building blocks that allow biobased polymers to have more versatile and adaptable polymer chemical structures and to achieve target properties and functionalities. In this review, biobased polymers are categorized as those that are: (1) upgrades from biodegradable polylactides (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), and others; (2) analogous to petroleum-derived polymers such as bio-poly(ethylene terephthalate) (bio-PET); and (3) new biobased polymers such as poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate)