VERSION 2.1

Trending pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals and illegal drugs

JUNE 2018

About G2 Web Services

G2 Web Services, a Verisk business, is a global technology and services company that helps banks, processors and their partners ensure safer and more profitable commerce. Clients use G2’s tools and expertise to perform better due diligence and monitoring so they can grow their portfolios and manage changing rules and regulations while taking on acceptable risk. Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals

USA Prescription-Only Examples Form(s) Uses Where It’s Found Additional Information Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient Acyclovir / Aciclovir Zovirax, Dravyr, Acivir, Tubes of cream Topically, acyclovir ound on skincare websites, In some foreign jurisdictions, topical Acylex, Vilerm, Zoral, or gel is used to treat cold e-marketplaces, and foreign acyclovir is available without a pre- AcicloCare sores and eye infec- online grocers scription. In the US, all forms (e.g., tions caused by the creams, pills) require a prescription. herpes virus Azelaic Acid Aziderm, Azeclear, Aza 20 Tubes of cream Used to treat mild Sometimes found on skincare Azelaic acid is commonly, and legally, (prescription-only at 15% or or gel; foam to moderate acne websites and e-marketplaces found in cosmetics. In the US, when above) and rosacea; some- azelaic acid is marketed as a drug in times used to treat strengths greater than 15 percent, it hair loss requires a prescription. Betamethasone Temprosone, Diprosone, Tubes of cream Used to treat inflam- Sometimes found in the skin Product packaging sometimes looks Betnovate, Benoson-N, or gel mation associated whitening/lightening section like that of a cosmetic. It is often col- Betamil with a wide variety of beauty product websites orful with photos of female models. of skin conditions Bimatoprost Latisse, Careprost, Lumi- Eye drops Used to treat Sometimes found in the In the US, bimatoprost is commonly gan, Bimat increased pressure eyelash growth section of available on telemedicine websites run in the eye,open-an- beauty product websites and by licensed physicians. gle glaucoma, and on e-marketplaces inadequate eyelash growth Chlorhexidine (prescrip- Peridex, Paroex, Periog- Oral rinse Used to treat Sometimes found on e-mar- In the US, chlorhexidine is available tion-only when sold as an oral ard gingivitis ketplaces and foreign online over-the-counter when sold as a top- rinse/mouthwash) grocers/pharmacies ical product. Requires a prescription when sold as a mouthwash. Ciclopirox Ciclodan, Penlac, Nailon, Tubes of cream Used to treat fungal Sometimes found on e-mar- In some foreign jurisdictions, topi- Loprox or gel; solu- infections of the ketplaces and foreign online cal ciclopirox is available without a tions; sham- toenail; also used grocers prescription. In the US, all forms of poos to treat seborrheic ciclopirox require a prescription. dermatitis of the scalp Clindamycin Daladerm, Clindac A, Tubes of cream Used to treat acne; Found in skincare/acne In the US, all forms of clindamycin Clincitop, Clidacor, Clinka, or gel; lotions; also used to treat section of beauty product (e.g., topical, oral) require a prescrip- Clindesse solutions; bacterial vaginosis websites; also found on tion. foams; cap- e-marketplaces and foreign sules online grocers USA Prescription-Only Examples Form(s) Uses Where It’s Found Additional Information Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient Clobetasol Civic Cream, Dermovate, Tubes of cream Used to treat a Sometimes found in the skin Product packaging sometimes looks Movate,H20 Jours L’abi- or gel; foam variety of whitening/lightening section like that of a cosmetic. It is often col- djanaise, Janet Cream, La skin conditions of beauty product websites, orful with photos of female models. Dakaroise, Ideal Cream, haircare/wig websites, or Elopro, Kloderma foreign online grocers Cromoglicate sodium eye Vividrin, Cromolyn Eye drops Used to treat aller- Sometimes found on e-mar- In some foreign jurisdictions (includ- drops (also known as cromo- gic conjunctivitis ketplaces and foreign online ing Canada), cromolyn sodium eye lyn sodium) grocers drops are available without a prescrip- tion. Cyproheptadine Apetamin, Periactin, Cip- Syrup or pills Used to gain weight Sometimes found on beauty In some foreign jurisdictions (includ- lactin, Peritol, GML-Apeti product websites and “fit- ing Australia), oral cyproheptadine is ness” websites promising available without a prescription. In the users that they will gain US, it always requires a prescription. weight in the breasts, thighs, and hips Dexamethasone Baycuten-N, Dexadermol, Tubes of cream Used to treat inflam- Sometimes found on e-mar- In the US, all forms of dexamethasone Sonexa or gel; eye mation ketplaces and foreign online require a prescription. drops and eye grocers ointment; pills Diclofenac Voltarol Emulgel, Voltaren Gel; pills Used to treat pain Sometimes found on e-mar- In some foreign jurisdictions, di- Emulgel ketplaces and foreign online clofenac is available without a grocers prescription. In the US, all forms of diclofenac require a prescription.

Eflornithine Eflora, Vaniqa Tubes of cream Used to treat exces- Sometimes found on beauty Vaniqa is the only eflornithine product or gel sive female facial product websites and e-mar- approved for sale in the United States; hair ketplaces it requires a prescription.

Fluocinolone Flucort, Esinol Tubes of cream Used to treat inflam- Sometimes found on e-mar- In the US, fluocinolone always requires or gel; solution; mation and itching ketplaces and foreign online a prescription. oil caused by skin grocers conditions such as allergies, eczema, and psoriasis Hydroquinone (prescrip- Melalite Forte, Obagi Nu- Tubes of cream Used for skin light- Sometimes found on beauty In the United States, hydroquinone is tion-only at strengths of 4% or Derm Clear (Rx version), or gel ening product websites and e-mar- available over-the-counter at strengths greater) Refaquin, Mediquin, ketplaces of 2%. Products containing 4% hydro- Eqinon Forte, Glytone quinone are commonly available in the Skin Lightening Gel (Rx US on telemedicine websites run by version) licensed physicians. USA Prescription-Only Examples Form(s) Uses Where It’s Found Additional Information Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient Ibuprofen (prescription-only Advil Arthritis Pain Pills Used to treat inflam- Sometimes found on e-mar- In the US, ibuprofen is available over- at strengths of 400 mg or mation and pain ketplaces and foreign online the-counter at strengths of 200 mg or greater) grocers less. In Canada, ibuprofen is available without a prescription at strengths of 400 mg. Ketoconazole (prescrip- Zoralin, Erazol Tubes of cream Used to treat fungal Sometimes found on hair- In the US, ketoconazole shampoo is tion-only at strengths of 2% or or gel infections of the care/wig websites, or foreign available over-the-counter at strengths greater) skin online grocers below 2%. Example: Nizoral. Low-dose combination co- Co-Codamol, Nurofen Pills Used to treat pain Sometimes found on e-mar- In some foreign jurisdictions (includ- deine products Plus, Panadeine Extra ketplaces and foreign online ing the UK and Ireland), low-dose Strength grocers combination codeine products are available without a prescription (e.g., Co-Codamol). These products are sometimes found on websites that ship to the United States Methocarbamol Robax Platinum, Advil Pills Used to treat mus- Sometimes found on e-mar- Although methocarbamol always Back Pain, Aspirin Back- cle spasms and ketplaces and foreign online requires a prescription in the United ache pain grocers States, it is available without a pre- scription in Canada. Minoxidil (prescription-only at Tugain Solution 10, Morr Solution; foam; Used to help hair Sometimes found on cosmet- “Minoxidil is available over-the-counter strengths greater than 5%) 10%, Mintop 10 liquid growth in the ic websites, hair care web- at strengths at or below 5%. Example: treatment of male sites, e-marketplaces, and Rogaine. In the US, oral forms of mi- pattern baldness foreign online grocers noxidil always require a prescription.” Mometasone Mometasone GPPL Aller- Nasal spray; Used to treat aller- Sometimes found on e-mar- In some foreign jurisdictions, nasal gy Relief, Sensease cream; solution gic reactions, ecze- ketplaces and foreign online sprays containing mometasone are ma, and psoriasis grocers available without a prescription. In the US, all forms of mometasone require a prescription. Orlistat (prescription-only at Xenical, Beacita Cap- Pills Used to treat obe- Sometimes found on e-mar- In the US, orlistat is available over-the- strengths of 120 mg) sules, AmsaFast, Lindeza, sity ketplaces and foreign online counter at 60 mg. Example: Alli. Xenical, OrSlim grocers Pantoprazole Pantoprazole Heartburn Pills Used to treat heart- Sometimes found on e-mar- In some foreign jurisdictions, panto- Relief, Controloc, Pan- burn ketplaces and foreign online prazole is available without a prescrip- tosec grocers tion. In the US, it always requires a prescription. Sertaconazole Onabet, Sertacream, Tubes of cream Used to treat fungal Sometimes found on e-mar- In the US, Ertaczo is the only FDA-ap- Seetra, Zalain, Ertaczo, or gel infections such as ketplaces and foreign online proved sertaconazole product. It Dermofix, Konzert athlete’s foot. grocers requires a prescription. USA Prescription-Only Examples Form(s) Uses Where It’s Found Additional Information Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient Sildenafil Viagra, Kamagra, Ka- Pills, oral jellies, Used to treat erec- Sometimes sold on websites Often sold as the sole prescription magra Oral Jelly, Sildig- effervescent tile dysfunction selling sexual enhancement product on a website that mostly sells ra, Caverta, Cenforce, tablets supplements or sex toys sexual enhancement supplements, Fildena sex toys, and topical genital desensi- tizers. Tadalafil Apcalis-SX, Cialis, Cialis Pills, chewable Used to treat erec- Sometimes sold on websites Often sold as the sole prescription Black, V-Tada, Tadora, Ci- tablets, oral tile dysfunction selling sexual enhancement product on a website that mostly sells kalis, Blazer CT, Vidalista, jellies supplements or sex toys sexual enhancement supplements, Tadacip, Tadaga, Tada- sex toys, and topical genital desensi- soft, Tadarise tizers. Tazarotene Avage, Tazret, Tazorac, Tubes of cream Used to treat acne Sometimes found on e-mar- In the US, tazarotene always requires a Zorac or gel and psoriasis ketplaces and foreign online prescription. grocers Tretinoin “Retin-A, Retino-A, Reno- Tubes of cream Used to treat acne Sometimes found on cosmet- Tretinoin requires a prescription in va, Sotret, or gel and wrinkles ics websites, hair/skincare many jurisdictions. A-Ret, Reticor, Vitacid” websites, e-marketplaces, and foreign online grocers Psychoactives

Name/Category Alternate Names and/or Common Form(s) Effects Where It’s Found Additional Information Examples

Ayahuasca Yagé, chacruna Various plants Ayahuasca is made by combin- Individual ingredients (e.g., Websites advertising inter- (including at least ing Banisteriopsis caapi with Banisteriopsis caapi, Psycho- nationally-based “ayahuasca one with psycho- one or more plants that contain tria viridis, Mimosa hostilis) retreats” are commonly found active properties) dimethyltryptamine (DMT) (e.g., are sometimes found on online and may offer online are combined into Psychotria viridis or Mimosa e-marketplaces and ethnobo- payment options. a “tea” hostilis). DMT is a Schedule I tanical websites. controlled substance known for its hallucinogenic effects. Banisteriopsis caapi is an MAO inhibitor that allows the DMT to cross the blood-brain barrier. Benzodiazepines (and Benzodiazepines (“ben- Pills, pellets, liquids, Banzodiazepines have anxiolyt- Sometimes found on research Often labeled “for research derivatives) zos”) are a category of blotters ic (anti-anxiety), disinhibiting, chemical websites purposes only” and “not for drugs including: alprazol- and sedative effects. human consumption. am, clonazepam, diazepam, lorazepam, flurazepam, triazolam, flualprazolam, flunitrazolam Cannabis seeds Feminized sativa seeds, Seeds Used to grow marijuana Sometimes found on e-mar- Sometimes sold as “sou- marijuana seeds ketplaces and websites that venirs.” In the US, cannabis only sell cannabis seeds seeds (unless they are ster- ilized) are Schedule I con- trolled substances. Etizolam Etilaam, Etizola, Sedeko- Powders, tablets Etizolam is a thienotriazolodi- Sometimes found on research In the US, etizolam is not fed- pan, Etizest, Etizex azepine, which means that it is chemical websites; also sold erally controlled, but it is con- chemically related to benzodi- as a single product on web- trolled in several US states, azepines (e.g., Xanax). It has sites claiming to sell “clean- including Alabama, Arkansas, anxiolytic, disinhibiting, and ers.” Florida, and Virginia. sedative effects. Name/Category Alternate Names and/or Common Form(s) Effects Where It’s Found Additional Information Examples

Gamma hydroxybutyr- Liquid ecstasy, Georgia Clear, odorless GHB is known as a “date-rape Sometimes found on research GBL (gamma butyrolactone) ate (GHB) Home Boy liquid drug.” It is also commonly used chemical websites and 1,4-BD (1,4-butanediol) by clubgoers for its euphoric are chemicals that are closely effects and by bodybuilders for related to GHB. Once GBL its purported ability to increase or 1,4-BD enter the body, human growth hormone. they quickly convert to GHB. Please note: GBL and 1,4- BD have legitimate uses as industrial solvents and may be legally sold as such. Iboga Iboga is also known by its Powders, tinctures, Iboga contains ibogaine, which Sometimes found on ethnobo- Marketed as a treatment for botanical name, Tabernan- capsules, root bark is a Schedule I controlled sub- tanical websites and websites opioid addiction. Websites the iboga stance known for its hallucino- offering “iboga retreats” advertising international- genic effects. ly-based “iboga retreats” are commonly found online and may offer online payment options. Kratom Mitragyna speciosa, maeng Powders and cap- Kratom’s stimulant effects Sometimes found on eth- “In the US, kratom is listed as da, MD, Red Vein Bali, sules include increased alertness, nobotanical websites and a DEA “”drug of concern”” and Green Vein Malay, White physical energy, and talkative- e-marketplaces; also found on has been the subject of FDA Borneo, Red Sumatra ness. At high doses, users websites that sell only kratom warnings and an FDA import experience sedative effects. alert. The primary psycho- active alkaloid in kratom – mitragynine – is a controlled substance in several US states, including Arkansas, Indiana, and Wisconsin. Magic mushrooms Psilocybe, psilocybin Mushrooms, truf- Magic mushrooms have Sometimes found on ethnobo- Magic mushroom spores mushrooms, magic truf- fles, tea mind-altering effects, include tanical websites and websites do not contain psilocybin fles, psilocybe tampanesis, hallucinations and an inability that sell various types of and psilocin (the psychoac- ‘shrooms to discern fantasy from reality. mushrooms tive chemicals found in the mushrooms themselves); therefore, the spores are often unregulated. However, magic mushroom spores are considered controlled substances in Georgia and Idaho, and are illegal to sell in California. Name/Category Alternate Names and/or Common Form(s) Effects Where It’s Found Additional Information Examples

Mimosa hostilis Mimosa tenuiflora, jurema Shredded root bark; Mimosa hostilis root bark Sometimes sold as a “dye” Mimosa hostilis can be used preta, MHRB powdered root bark contains dimethyltryptamine on e-marketplaces, ethnobo- as a component of ayahuas- (DMT), which is a Schedule I tanical websites, and craft ca or can be used on its own controlled substance known for websites (i.e., the DMT can be extract- its hallucinogenic effects. ed) Opium poppy pods Papaver somniferum pods Pods with long Opium poppy pods dull senses, Sometimes found on web- Poppy pods are Schedule II stems provide pain relief, and cause sites that purport to sell craft controlled substances in the drowsiness. supplies and dried flowers. United States. Poppy seeds Other items are frequently are legal and commonly used “out of stock” and price point for baking. of poppy pods far exceeds that of typical craft supplies. Peruvian torch cactus Also known by its botanical Live plants; plant Peruvian torch cactus contains Sometimes found on e-mar- names, Echinopsis peru- cuttings mescaline, which is a Schedule ketplaces and ethnobotanical viana and Trichocereus I controlled substance known websites peruvianus for its hallucinogenic effects. Peyote Peyote is also known by its Live plants; plant Peyote contains mescaline, Sometimes found on e-mar- Peyote, even when sold as botanical name, Lophopho- cuttings which is a Schedule I controlled ketplaces, ethnobotanical a live plant, is a Schedule I ra williamsii substance known for its hallu- websites, and websites that controlled substance in the cinogenic effects. only sell peyote. United States. Salvia divinorum “Diviner’s sage, Ska Maria Leaves and powder Salvia divinorum’s effects are Sometimes found on e-mar- Salvia divinorum is listed by Pastora, similar to those caused by LSD. ketplaces and ethnobotanical the DEA as a “drug of con- Sally-D, and Salvia” websites cern.” Its primary psychoac- tive alkaloid is Salvinorin A. Salvia divinorum and/or its primary alkaloid are con- trolled in several countries, including Ireland, Japan, Spain, and France. San Pedro cactus San Pedro cactus is also Live plants; plant San Pedro cactus contains Sometimes found on e-mar- known by its botanical cuttings mescaline, which is a Schedule ketplaces and ethnobotanical names, Echinopsis pach- I controlled substance known websites anoi and Trichocereus for its hallucinogenic effects. pachanoi Name/Category Alternate Names and/or Common Form(s) Effects Where It’s Found Additional Information Examples

Synthetic cannabinoids Synthetic cannabinoids Typically, chemi- Synthetic cannabinoids have Sometimes found on research Often labeled “for research are a category of drugs cals are sprayed mind-altering effects, include chemical websites purposes only” and “not for commonly sold as “herbal on dried, shredded hallucinations. human consumption.” incense.” Examples: K2, plant material so Spice, Diablo, Mad Hatter, it can be smoked; Orgazmo, Bizarro, JWH- sold in colorful foil 018, THJ-018, THJ-2201, bags that are la- AB-FUBINACA, AB-CHMI- beled with cartoons. NACA May also be sold as powder. Synthetic opioids U-47700, furanyl fentanyl, Powders Effects (including euphoria Sometimes found on research Often labeled “for research AH-7921 and respiratory depression) chemical websites purposes only” and “not are similar to those caused by for human consumption.” heroin and morphine. U-47700 and AH-7921 are Schedule I controlled sub- stances.

Synthetic cathinones “Synthetic cathinones are White or brown Synthetic cathinones are Sometimes found on research Often labeled “for research a category of drugs com- crystals or powders central nervous stimulants de- chemical websites purposes only” and “not for monly marketed as “”bath signed to mimic effects similar human consumption.” salts,”” “”plant food,”” “”jew- to those produced by cocaine, elry cleaner,”” or “”phone methamphetamine, and MDMA screen cleaner.”” (ecstasy).

Examples of chemical names: 3,4-methylenedi- oxypyrovalerone (MDPV), mephedrone, methylone, 4-fluoromethcathinone (4- FMC).

Examples of brand names: Cloud 9, Ivory Wave, White Dove, Vanilla Sky” Synthetic opioids U-47700, furanyl fentanyl, Powders Effects (including euphoria Sometimes found on research Often labeled “for research AH-7921 and respiratory depression) chemical websites purposes only” and “not are similar to those caused by for human consumption.” heroin and morphine. U-47700 and AH-7921 are Schedule I controlled sub- stances.