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An Investigation Analysis of Growth Impact On www.ijcrt.org © 2017 IJCRT | Volume 5, Issue 4 October 2017 | ISSN: 2320-2882 AN INVESTIGATION ANALYSIS OF GROWTH IMPACT ON RENEWABLE POWER GENERATION IN INDIA 1Y.ANASUYA,2V.KISHORE BABU 1Assistant Professor,2Assistant Professor 1Mechanical Engineering Department, 1Srinivasa Institute of Engineering & Technology, Amalapuram,India. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Abstract:Most of the commercial energy demand in India is met largely by imported fossil fuels. In 2013, India was the 4th biggest consumer and net importer of crude and petroleum products in the world (Barpatragohain, 2015). As the country is essentially dependent on energy import, any shortfall due to unforeseen geopolitical situation may cause acute energy scarcities which will consecutively impede the industrial growth and economic progress. In order to achieve energy independence, the dependency on imported oil has to be reduced by developing alternate energy sources. If renewable power systems deliver such impressive benefits, but still we produce only 20-25% percent of national electricity generation in the India. The share of renewable energy sources, primarily wind and solar is poised to growth significantly power system. The In dian government has set a target of 175 GW of installed renewable capacity by 2022. Including 60GW of wind and 100 GW of Solar, up from an installed capacity of 29 GW wind and 9 GW solar at the beginning of 2017. Whether the target is achievable or not will be determined by market and policy led forces. However a key question that arises is what would be the operational impact of meeting these targets and what actions can be taken for effective integration of renewables. At low levels, integrating sola r and wind energy into grid can be achieved relatively easily. But at higher levels, wind and solar generation can present some challenges to grid operations because the additional variability and uncertainty it brings to the power system. This thesis work leaves policymakers with a lot of thinking to do regarding the viability of other alternatives in long -term power planning, and underscores the need for path-breaking R & D in the sector. IndexTerms–Renewable Power Generation, Wind Power, Solar Power, Waste to Energy. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ I. INTRO DUCTION Energy being a strategic commodity plays a significant role in economic development of a country. Energy systems in India have evolved over last six decades along with country’s economic development, supporting the aspiration of 1.2 billion people, within the framework of democratic polity, globally integrated economy and environmentally sensitive regime. Ever increasing demand of energy has posed tremendous pressure on its limited resources and has necessitated optimum use of its resources. India pursued a reformed development agenda since 1991. Significant effort has gone into improving energy availability, as support to country’s development initiatives. India has set out on the path of harnessing renewable energy (RE) sources than never before. The reasons are many and are not hard to find within the chronic shortage of power, matters of energy security and environmental concerns. The country’s energy strategy is moving strongly in favor of renewable energy (RE) technologies. This strategy has made India a leader in a number of renewable energy technology (RET) applications such as grid connected wind energy generation, de centralized solar PV for rural applications, decentralized distributed generation etc. India has now has set itself very aggressive targets for RE capacity addition. The 11th Five Year Plan (FYP) (FY 2012-17) envisages the addition of 14,050 MW of additional capacity, which means adding, in 5 years, more capacity than what India has added since independence. However, RE capacity addition and development of the sector suffers on account of a number of constraints, overlaps and gaps prevalent in the current p olicy and regulatory environment. It is becoming clear that the policy and regulatory framework introduced so far has been appropriate only for accelerating the early growth of the sector from a small base and helping in mainstreaming RE. However this policy and regulatory environment has now (with changing market conditions and imperatives) become outmoded for the sector. Though the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) has been taking proactive steps for improving this environment, its initiatives have been able to address specific problems and constraints, and have not been successful in helping the RE sector as a whole in India to leap frog ahead. There is therefore a need to review the existing environment for development of RE and propose a ne w approach to the development of this sector. With this objective, this paper examines the current status of RE development in India and the existing environment for such development. It examines the barriers to further development as well as gaps constraini ng investments in this sector of renewable energy. It then makes recommendations towards removing such barriers and adopting new mechanisms for the promotion of RE. In sum, the paper identifies the issues that have to be addressed in order to achieve a widespread use of RE, so that determined and practical steps can be taken to increase substantially their application. RE technologies (RETs) in India can be divided into two categories: (i) near commercial and commercial technologies such as wind , small hydro power (SHP), solar PV, biomass and co-generation (cogen) that have matured and are being deployed or are close to deployment, and (ii) emerging technologies such as solar thermal and biofuels that will need time to mature. The latter will also IJCRT1704042 International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (IJCRT) www.ijcrt.org 319 www.ijcrt.org © 2017 IJCRT | Volume 5, Issue 4 October 2017 | ISSN: 2320-2882 have to undergo pilots before commercial deployment. This paper focuses on the RETs that fall in the first category. The paper also restricts itself to grid-connected RE. 2. RESERVES AND POTENTIAL FOR GENERATION 2.1 Coal and Lignite Coal deposits are mainly confined to eastern and south central parts of the country. The states of Jharkhand, Odisha, Chhattisgarh, West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh, Telangana and Maharashtra account for 98.58 % of the total coal reserves in the country. The State of Jharkhand had the maximum share (26.29%) in the overall reserves of coal in the country as on 31st March 2016 followed by the State of Odisha (24.58%). As on 31.03.16, the estimated reserves of coal were 308.80 billion tonnes, an addit ion of 2.20 billion tonnes over the last year. There has been an increase of 0.7% in the estimated coal reserves during the year 2015 - 16 with Chhattisgarh accounting for the maximum increase of 2.05%. Graph 2.1 Estimated Reserves of Coal Data The estimated total reserves of lignite as on 31.03.16 was 44.59 billion Tonnes against 44.12 billion tonnes on 31.03.15. Graph 2.2 Estimated Reserves of Ignite 2.2 Installed generating capacity of electricity The total installed capacity for electricity generation in the country has increased from 154664 MW as on 31.03.2007 to 350367 MW as on 31.03.2016, registering a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.52% Electricity generation capacity increased by 10.74% to 33987 MW in 2015-16. The highest rate of annual growth from 2014-15 to 2015-16 in installed capacity was for Other Renewable sources (ORS) (19.25%) followed by Thermal Power (10.91%). The total Installed capacity of power utilities in the country increased from 132329 MW in 31.3.2007 to 302088 MW as on 31.3.2016, with a CAGR of 8.60% over the period. IJCRT1704042 International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (IJCRT) www.ijcrt.org 320 www.ijcrt.org © 2017 IJCRT | Volume 5, Issue 4 October 2017 | ISSN: 2320-2882 At the end of March 2016, thermal power plants accounted for an overwhelming 73.50% o f the total installed capacity in the country, with an installed capacity of 257528 MW. Other renewable Sources (excluding hydro) come next with an installed capacity of 44217 MW, accounting for 12.62% of the total installed Capacity. The share of Hydro an d Nuclear energy was only 12.23% and 1.65% of total installed capacity. Non-utilities accounted for 13.78% (48279 MW) of the total installed electricity generation capacity. Graph 2.3 Electricity Generation Capacity Chart The geographical distribution of Installed generating capacity of electricity as on 31.03.16 (Table 2.4) indicates that Western Region (both central and state sector) accounted for the highest share (36%) followed by Northern Region (26%), Southern Region (24%), Eastern Region (13%) and North Eastern Region (1%). Graph 2.4 Region wise Electricity Generation Region wise growth in the installed capacity during 2015-16 reveals that Southern Region registered the highest annual growth of about 17.03%, followed by Northern Region (15.45%), Western Region (6.71%), Eastern Region (6.03%) and North Eastern Region (5.61%). Among all the states Telangana registered highest annual growth (97.01%) in the installed capacity followed by Nagaland (70.29%) and Sikkim (58.29%). 2.3 Grid Interactive Renewable Power The total installed capacity of grid interactive renewable power, which was 35776.96 MW as on 31.03.2015, had gone up to 42849.38 MW as on 31.03.2016 indicating growth of 19.77% during the period (Table 2.5). IJCRT1704042 International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (IJCRT) www.ijcrt.org 321 www.ijcrt.org © 2017 IJCRT | Volume 5, Issue 4 October 2017 | ISSN: 2320-2882 Out of the total installed generation capacity of renewable power as on 31-03-2016, Wind power accounted for about 62.7%, followed by Solar power (15.78%) and Biomass power (11.46%).
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