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The CDMA Mobile System Architecture

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The CDMA Mobile System Architecture %42) *OURNAL VOLUME NUMBER /CTOBER 4HE#$-!-OBILE3YSTEM!RCHITECTURE 3UNGMOON 3HIN (UN ,EE AND +I #HUL (AN #/.4%.43 !"342!#4 4HE ARCHITECTURE OF THE #$-! MOBILE SYS ) ).42/$5#4)/. TEM #-3 IS DEVELOPED BASED ON THREE FUNC )) #$-! -/"),% &5.#4)/.3 TION GROUPS SERVICE RESOURCE SERVICE CONTROL AND SERVICE MANAGEMENT GROUPS )N THIS PA ))) 3%26)#% 2%3/52#% &5.#4)/. PER THE #-3 ARCHITECTURE IS DISCUSSED FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF IMPLEMENTING THESE FUNC )6 3%26)#% #/.42/, !.$ TIONS4HEVARIABLELENGTHPACKETSAREUSEDFOR TRANSMISSION 4HE SYNCHRONIZATION CLOCK SIG -!.!'%-%.4 &5.#4)/. NALS ARE DERIVED FROM THE '03 RECEIVER 4HE OPEN LOOP AND CLOSED LOOP TECHNIQUES ARE USED 6 #-3 $%3)'. FOR THE POWER CONTROL 4HE INTERNATIONALLY 6) !2%!3 /& &5452% 2%3%!2#( ACCEPTED SIGNALING AND NETWORK PROTOCOLS ARE EMPLOYED 4HE CALL CONTROL FOR THE PRIMARY 6)) #/.#,53)/. SERVICES IS DESIGNED TO PROVIDE EbCIENT MO BILE TELECOMMUNICATION SERVICES 4HE SOFTER 2%&%2%.#%3 HANDO_ IS IMPLEMENTED IN ONE CARD 4HE MO BILE ASSISTED HANDO_ AND THE NETWORK ASSISTED HANDO_ ARE EMPLOYED IN THE SOFT AND HARD HANDO_S 4HE AUTHENTICATION IS BASED ON THE SECRET DATA WHICH INCLUDES RANDOM NUMBERS 4HE MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS WHICH INCLUDE THE LOCATION MANAGEMENT RESOURCE MANAGEMENT CELL BOUNDARY MANAGEMENT AND /!- MAN AGEMENT ARE IMPLEMENTED TO WARRANT THE SYS TEMEbCIENCY MAXIMUMCAPACITYANDHIGH RELIABILITY 4HE ARCHITECTURE ENSURES THAT THE #-3 IS aEXIBLE AND EXPANDABLE TO PROVIDE SUB SCRIBERS WITH ECONOMIC AND EbCIENT SYSTEM CON`GURATION 4HE DYNAMIC POWER CONTROL ADAPTIVE CHANNEL ALLOCATION AND DYNAMIC CELL BOUNDARY MANAGEMENT ARE RECOMMENDED FOR FUTURE WORK %42) *OURNAL VOLUME NUMBER /CTOBER 3UNGMOON 3HIN ET AL ) ).42/$5#4)/. AND BASE STATIONS MUST BE OPTIMALLY CON TROLLED TO SECURE THE SYSTEM CAPACITY 4HE 4HE#$-!MOBILESYSTEM#-3 AR APPROPRIATE COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS AND CHITECTURE IS AN OUTGROWTH OF AN %42)S INTERFACES ARE REQUIRED TO WARRANT ECONOMIC ACTIVITY TO DEVELOP A #$-! CELLULAR SYS AND EbCIENT NETWORKING TEM BETWEEN AND %42) AND 4HE#-3ARCHITECTUREHASTAKENABOVE 1UALCOMM JOINTLY ENGAGED IN THE DEVELOP OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS INTO ACCOUNT ;= MENT AT EARLY STAGE 1UALCOMM PROVIDED ;= )T HAS ACHIEVED COST EbCIENCY WITH RADIO WAVEFORM DESIGN AND SIGNAL PROCESS OUT DEGRADING THE SYSTEM PERFORMANCE ! ING TECHNIQUES (AVING THE TIME DIVISION FAST PACKET SWITCHING NETWORK IS EMPLOYED EXCHANGE 4$8 EXPERTISE %42) ASSUMED TO FACILITATE HIGH SPEED DATA TRANSFER AMONG THE RESPONSIBILITY TO DEVELOP THE #-3 IN SUBSYSTEM COMPONENTS 4HE PACKET TRANS FRASTRUCTURE WHICH INCLUDES THE BASE STATION MISSION WITH @STAGGERING IS ADOPTED TO PRE "3 THE MOBILE SWITCHING CENTER AND LO VENT THE TRUNK EbCIENCY DEGRADATION THAT IS CATION REGISTERS 4HIS PAPER DEALS WITH THE CAUSED BY THE VARIABLE LENGTH PACKET TRANS %42)S E_ORT MISSIONS %CHO CANCELER IS EQUIPPED TO RE 4HE #-3 USES PSEUDORANDOM NOISE MOVE THE ECHO FROM THE VOICE 4HE INTER 0. CODES TO PROVIDE MULTIPLE COMMUNI NATIONAL STANDARD OPEN NETWORK PROTOCOLS CATION CHANNELS IN A DESIGNATED RADIO FRE ;= HAVE BEEN EMPLOYED TO PROVIDE COMPAT QUENCY BAND )T USES PATH DIVERSITY AND IBILITY WITH OTHER CELLULAR SYSTEMS OR NET TIME DIVERSITY IN THE RADIO PATHS AND O_ERS WORKS 4HE #-3 CAN SUPPORT A LARGE CAPAC PRIVACY HIGH SERVICE QUALITY AND A LARGE LINK CAPACITY )T PROVIDES BETTER HANDO_S ITY TO IMPROVE THE SERVICEpDECREASE THE CALL THAN OTHER CELLULAR SYSTEMS SUCH AS 4$-! BLOCKING PROBABILITYpEVEN IN THE METROPOLI SYSTEMS 4HE ABILITY TO SUPPORT A RELI TAN AREA WHERE HEAVY TRAbC LOAD IS ANTICI ABLE PERFORMANCE IN A SEVERE NOISY ENVIRON PATED MENT PROVIDES THE MEANS TO ALLEVIATE OVER &OR THE CONVENIENCE OF SUBSEQUENT DIS CROWDING IN THE RADIO FREQUENCY SPECTRUM CUSSIONS IN THIS PAPER WE DE`NE THE #-3 AS WELL AS TO ALLOW SUBSCRIBERS MORE aEXI FUNCTIONS REQUIRED FOR #$-! MOBILE COM BILITY IN CELLULAR SERVICES ;= ;= MUNICATIONS AS THE #$-! MOBILE FUNC 4HE #-3 ON THE OTHER HAND HAS OP TIONS )N SECTION )) THE #$-! MOBILE ERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS &OR EXAMPLE TIGHT FUNCTIONS ARE CATEGORIZED INTO THREE GROUPS CLOCK SYNCHRONIZATION IS INDISPENSABLE TO 4HE #-3 SERVICES ARE SUPPORTED BY THESE THE #$-! SIGNAL ACQUISITION &AST PACKET FUNCTIONS )N SECTION ))) THE SERVICE RE TRANSMISSION IS NEEDED FOR THE EbCIENT SOURCE FUNCTIONS ARE DESCRIBED 4HE BA TRANSMISSION OF THE VARIABLE LENGTH INFORMA SIC FUNCTIONS NEEDED FOR THE #-3 OPERA TION 4RANSMIT POWER FROM BOTH MOBILES TION ARE INCLUDED IN THE SERVICE RESOURCE 3UNGMOON 3HIN ET AL %42) *OURNAL VOLUME NUMBER /CTOBER , 5 % % ' /% <7. % % % % // % % % % 'D ' 5 C % &IG 'ROUP STRUCTURE OF #$-! MOBILE FUNCTIONS GROUP )N SECTION )6 THE SERVICE CONTROL VICES AND SUPPLEMENTARY SERVICES 4HE PRI AND MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS ARE DESCRIBED MARY SERVICES CONSIST OF VOICE DATA AND 4HE MAJOR FUNCTIONS INCLUDING THE CALL CON SHORT MESSAGE SERVICES !LL OR A PART OF TROL SYSTEM MANAGEMENT AND PERFORMANCE THESE SERVICES ARE AVAILABLE TO INDIVIDUAL MEASUREMENT ARE DISCUSSED 3ECTION 6 IS SUBSCRIBER 4HE SUPPLEMENTARY SERVICES CONCERNEDWITHTHE#-3DESIGN4HE#-3 WHICH INCLUDE CALL FORWARDING CONFERENCE STRUCTURE AND CON`GURATION ARE PRESENTED CALL AND CALLING PARTY IDENTI`CATION ARE AD 3ECTION 6) SUGGESTS THE FUTURE RESEARCH AR DITIONAL SERVICES AND ARE PROVIDED AS OP EAS AND SECTION 6)) CONCLUDES THIS PAPER TIONS TO THE SUBSCRIBER 4HE /!- SERVICES MAKE SURE THAT THE FUNDAMENTAL SERVICES ARE )) #$-! -/"),% &5.#4)/.3 PROVIDED TO CUSTOMERS WITH HIGH QUALITY 4HESE #-3 SERVICES ARE PROVIDED UTILIZING 4HE #-3 SERVICES CONSIST OF FUNDAMENTAL THE #$-! MOBILE FUNCTIONS SERVICES AND OPERATION ADMINISTRATION AND 4HE #-3 ARCHITECTURE IS BASED ON THE MAINTENANCE /!- SERVICES 4HE FUNDA #$-! MOBILE FUNCTIONS 4HESE CAN BEST MENTAL SERVICES CONSIST OF THE PRIMARY SER BE DESCRIBED IN TERMS OF THREE GROUPS AS %42) *OURNAL VOLUME NUMBER /CTOBER 3UNGMOON 3HIN ET AL SHOWNIN&IG4HETOPISSERVICEMAN GROUP WHICH IS HARDWARE ORIENTED 4HE AGEMENT GROUP GROUP THE MIDDLE IS SER GROUPISTHEENGINEOFTHE#-3ANDSUP VICE CONTROL GROUP GROUP AND THE BOT PORTS ALL UPPER GROUPS )T CONSISTS OF TRANS TOM IS SERVICE RESOURCE GROUP GROUP MISSION POWER CONTROL SYNCHRONIZATION AND 4HE GROUP IS CONCERNED WITH THE MAN SIGNALING AGEMENT FUNCTIONS RE QUIRED TO WARRANT THE SYSTEM CAPACITY AND RELIABILITY 4HE OTHER TWO GROUPS ARE CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONS ))) 3%26)#% 2%3/52#% NEEDED TO PROVIDE THE #-3 FUNDAMENTAL &5.#4)/. SERVICES 4HE HIGHER GROUP FUNCTIONS RECEIVE SUPPORTS FROM THE LOWER GROUP FUNCTIONS AS 4RANSMISSION AND 3YNCHRONIZATION WELL AS THE PEER FUNCTIONS &OR EXAMPLE 4RANSMISSION IS THE MOST IMPORTANT THE ACCOUNT ONE OF THE /!- MANAGEMENT WITHIN THE SERVICE RESOURCE GROUP 4HE FUNCTIONS IN GROUP IS SUPPORTED BY SUCH TRANSMISSION SYSTEM MODEL IS SHOWN IN SERVICE CONTROL FUNCTIONS AS THE CALL CONTROL &IG 4HE RADIO TRANSMISSION IS CRITICAL AND AUTHENTICATION IN GROUP 4HE CALL TO THE SYSTEM PERFORMANCE 4HE #$-! IS CONTROL IN GROUP IS ACCOMPLISHED BY THE INTERFERENCE LIMITED )N ORDER TO MINIMIZE SIGNALING AND PACKET TRANSMISSION IN GROUP THE INTERFERENCE IN THE RADIO LINK THE VARI 4HE PACKET TRANSMISSION IS SUPPORTED BY ABLE LENGTH PACKET TRANSMISSIONS WITH THE THE SYNCHRONIZATION IN THE SAME GROUP DATA RATE OF i KBPS HAVE BEEN ADOPTED 4HE GROUP CONSISTS OF /!- MANAGE 4HE MOBILE STATION TRANSMITS PACKETS EVERY MENT AND #$-! PERFORMANCE FUNCTIONS MS 4HESE PACKETS ARE COMBINED WITH 4HESE ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE SYSTEM OPER THE SIGNALING MESSAGE UTILIZING THE DIM ATION AND THE PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS 4HE AND BURST OR THE BLANK AND BURST METHOD /!- MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS HAVE FOUR MA ;= JOR FUNCTIONS PROGRAM DOWNLOAD CON`GU 4HE FAST PACKET ROUTERS ARE UTILIZED RATION MANAGEMENT FAULT MANAGEMENT AND FOR TRANSMISSION IN THE "3 4HEY ENHANCE ACCOUNT 4HE #$-! PERFORMANCE FUNC THE "3 INTEGRITY WITHOUT CAUSING EXCESSIVE TIONS ARE CELL BOUNDARY MANAGEMENT AND TRANSMISSION DELAY BETWEEN THE BASESTATION PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT 4HE GROUP TRANSCEIVER SUBSYSTEM "43 AND THE BASES CONSISTS OF `VE MAJOR FUNCTIONS CALL CON TATION CONTROLLER "3# 4HESE ALSO ENSURE TROL HANDO_ AUTHENTICATION LOCATION MAN THE MAXIMUM "3 TRUNK EbCIENCY 4HE "3 AGEMENT AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 4HESE PACKETS ARE ($,# FORMATTED AND ARE TRANS FUNCTIONS ARE USED IN PROVIDING DIRECT USER FERRED TO THE DESTINATION $URING THE SOFT SERVICES 4HE GROUP AND ARE IMPLE HANDO_ TWO OR THREE "43S SEND PACKETS MENTED MAINLY IN SOFTWARE IN CONTRAST TO TO ONE SELECTOR SIMULTANEOUSLY ! SELECTOR 3UNGMOON 3HIN ET AL %42) *OURNAL VOLUME NUMBER /CTOBER !. #% !6" & (.7 # ( (.7 . % & #% !6" . % ! . % ( # (" # % 5 * B# % 5 * . ! ! &IG #-3 TRANSMISSION SYSTEM MODEL CHOOSES THE BEST PACKET AMONG THE RECEIVED TRANSMISSION 4HE "43 NEEDS THE ABSOLUTE PACKETS WHICH BEAR THE SAME INFORMATION TIME TO ACQUIRE THE #$-! SIGNAL TRANSMIT )N THE CASE OF VOICE SERVICES THE VARI TED FROM THE -3 ;= $URING THE SOFT HAND ABLE LENGTH PACKETS OF THE RADIO LINK ARE O_S THE PACKET ORDER MISMATCH CAN HAP CONVERTED INTO 0#- AT THE VOCODER AND PEN AT A SELECTOR DUE TO THE QUEUEING DELAY TRANSFERRED TO THE MOBILE EXCHANGE -8 OF THE "3 PACKET ROUTERS )N ORDER TO PRE 4HE -8 CANCELS ECHO CONTAINED IN THE VOICE VENT THIS MISMATCH ALL THE "43S AND THE FROM 034. AND SENDS THE VOICE TO THE MO "3# MUST BE SYNCHRONIZED 4HE CURRENT "3 MAINTAINS THE SYNCHRONIZATION BY DISTRIBUT BILE STATIONS -3S )N THE CASE OF DATA ING CLOCK SIGNALS DERIVED FROM THE GLOBAL PO SERVICES THE PACKETS TRANSFERRED FROM -3S SITIONING SYSTEM '03 RECEIVER EQUIPPED IN ARE CONVERTED INTO KBPS FORMATTED DATA THE "43
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