%42) *OURNAL VOLUME  NUMBER  /CTOBER 

4HE#$-!-OBILE3YSTEM!RCHITECTURE

3UNGMOON 3HIN (UN ,EE AND +I #HUL (AN

#/.4%.43 !"342!#4

4HE ARCHITECTURE OF THE #$-! MOBILE SYS ) ).42/$5#4)/. TEM #-3 IS DEVELOPED BASED ON THREE FUNC )) #$-! -/"),% &5.#4)/.3 TION GROUPS SERVICE RESOURCE SERVICE CONTROL AND SERVICE MANAGEMENT GROUPS )N THIS PA ))) 3%26)#% 2%3/52#% &5.#4)/. PER THE #-3 ARCHITECTURE IS DISCUSSED FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF IMPLEMENTING THESE FUNC )6 3%26)#% #/.42/, !.$ TIONS4HEVARIABLELENGTHPACKETSAREUSEDFOR TRANSMISSION 4HE SYNCHRONIZATION CLOCK SIG -!.!'%-%.4 &5.#4)/. NALS ARE DERIVED FROM THE '03 RECEIVER 4HE OPEN LOOP AND CLOSED LOOP TECHNIQUES ARE USED 6 #-3 $%3)'. FOR THE POWER CONTROL 4HE INTERNATIONALLY 6) !2%!3 /& &5452% 2%3%!2#( ACCEPTED SIGNALING AND NETWORK PROTOCOLS ARE EMPLOYED 4HE CALL CONTROL FOR THE PRIMARY 6)) #/.#,53)/. SERVICES IS DESIGNED TO PROVIDE EbCIENT MO BILE TELECOMMUNICATION SERVICES 4HE SOFTER 2%&%2%.#%3 HANDO_ IS IMPLEMENTED IN ONE CARD 4HE MO BILE ASSISTED HANDO_ AND THE NETWORK ASSISTED HANDO_ ARE EMPLOYED IN THE SOFT AND HARD HANDO_S 4HE AUTHENTICATION IS BASED ON THE SECRET DATA WHICH INCLUDES RANDOM NUMBERS 4HE MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS WHICH INCLUDE THE LOCATION MANAGEMENT RESOURCE MANAGEMENT CELL BOUNDARY MANAGEMENT AND /!- MAN AGEMENT ARE IMPLEMENTED TO WARRANT THE SYS TEMEbCIENCY MAXIMUMCAPACITYANDHIGH RELIABILITY 4HE ARCHITECTURE ENSURES THAT THE #-3 IS aEXIBLE AND EXPANDABLE TO PROVIDE SUB SCRIBERS WITH ECONOMIC AND EbCIENT SYSTEM CON`GURATION 4HE DYNAMIC POWER CONTROL ADAPTIVE CHANNEL ALLOCATION AND DYNAMIC CELL BOUNDARY MANAGEMENT ARE RECOMMENDED FOR FUTURE WORK %42) *OURNAL VOLUME  NUMBER  /CTOBER  3UNGMOON 3HIN ET AL 

) ).42/$5#4)/. AND BASE STATIONS MUST BE OPTIMALLY CON TROLLED TO SECURE THE SYSTEM CAPACITY 4HE 4HE#$-!MOBILESYSTEM#-3 AR APPROPRIATE COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS AND CHITECTURE IS AN OUTGROWTH OF AN %42)S INTERFACES ARE REQUIRED TO WARRANT ECONOMIC ACTIVITY TO DEVELOP A #$-! CELLULAR SYS AND EbCIENT NETWORKING TEM BETWEEN  AND  %42) AND 4HE#-3ARCHITECTUREHASTAKENABOVE 1UALCOMM JOINTLY ENGAGED IN THE DEVELOP OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS INTO ACCOUNT ;= MENT AT EARLY STAGE 1UALCOMM PROVIDED ;= )T HAS ACHIEVED COST EbCIENCY WITH RADIO WAVEFORM DESIGN AND SIGNAL PROCESS OUT DEGRADING THE SYSTEM PERFORMANCE ! ING TECHNIQUES (AVING THE TIME DIVISION FAST PACKET SWITCHING NETWORK IS EMPLOYED EXCHANGE 4$8 EXPERTISE %42) ASSUMED TO FACILITATE HIGH SPEED DATA TRANSFER AMONG THE RESPONSIBILITY TO DEVELOP THE #-3 IN SUBSYSTEM COMPONENTS 4HE PACKET TRANS FRASTRUCTURE WHICH INCLUDES THE BASE STATION MISSION WITH @STAGGERING IS ADOPTED TO PRE "3 THE MOBILE SWITCHING CENTER AND LO VENT THE TRUNK EbCIENCY DEGRADATION THAT IS CATION REGISTERS 4HIS PAPER DEALS WITH THE CAUSED BY THE VARIABLE LENGTH PACKET TRANS %42)S E_ORT MISSIONS %CHO CANCELER IS EQUIPPED TO RE 4HE #-3 USES PSEUDORANDOM NOISE MOVE THE ECHO FROM THE VOICE 4HE INTER 0. CODES TO PROVIDE MULTIPLE COMMUNI NATIONAL STANDARD OPEN NETWORK PROTOCOLS CATION CHANNELS IN A DESIGNATED RADIO FRE ;= HAVE BEEN EMPLOYED TO PROVIDE COMPAT QUENCY BAND )T USES PATH DIVERSITY AND IBILITY WITH OTHER CELLULAR SYSTEMS OR NET TIME DIVERSITY IN THE RADIO PATHS AND O_ERS WORKS 4HE #-3 CAN SUPPORT A LARGE CAPAC PRIVACY HIGH SERVICE QUALITY AND A LARGE LINK CAPACITY )T PROVIDES BETTER HANDO_S ITY TO IMPROVE THE SERVICEpDECREASE THE CALL THAN OTHER CELLULAR SYSTEMS SUCH AS 4$-! BLOCKING PROBABILITYpEVEN IN THE METROPOLI SYSTEMS 4HE ABILITY TO SUPPORT A RELI TAN AREA WHERE HEAVY TRAbC LOAD IS ANTICI ABLE PERFORMANCE IN A SEVERE NOISY ENVIRON PATED MENT PROVIDES THE MEANS TO ALLEVIATE OVER &OR THE CONVENIENCE OF SUBSEQUENT DIS CROWDING IN THE RADIO FREQUENCY SPECTRUM CUSSIONS IN THIS PAPER WE DE`NE THE #-3 AS WELL AS TO ALLOW SUBSCRIBERS MORE aEXI FUNCTIONS REQUIRED FOR #$-! MOBILE COM BILITY IN CELLULAR SERVICES ;= ;= MUNICATIONS AS THE #$-! MOBILE FUNC 4HE #-3 ON THE OTHER HAND HAS OP TIONS )N SECTION )) THE #$-! MOBILE ERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS &OR EXAMPLE TIGHT FUNCTIONS ARE CATEGORIZED INTO THREE GROUPS CLOCK SYNCHRONIZATION IS INDISPENSABLE TO 4HE #-3 SERVICES ARE SUPPORTED BY THESE THE #$-! SIGNAL ACQUISITION &AST PACKET FUNCTIONS )N SECTION ))) THE SERVICE RE TRANSMISSION IS NEEDED FOR THE EbCIENT SOURCE FUNCTIONS ARE DESCRIBED 4HE BA TRANSMISSION OF THE VARIABLE LENGTH INFORMA SIC FUNCTIONS NEEDED FOR THE #-3 OPERA TION 4RANSMIT POWER FROM BOTH MOBILES TION ARE INCLUDED IN THE SERVICE RESOURCE  3UNGMOON 3HIN ET AL %42) *OURNAL VOLUME  NUMBER  /CTOBER 

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&IG  'ROUP STRUCTURE OF #$-! MOBILE FUNCTIONS

GROUP )N SECTION )6 THE SERVICE CONTROL VICES AND SUPPLEMENTARY SERVICES 4HE PRI AND MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS ARE DESCRIBED MARY SERVICES CONSIST OF VOICE DATA AND 4HE MAJOR FUNCTIONS INCLUDING THE CALL CON SHORT MESSAGE SERVICES !LL OR A PART OF TROL SYSTEM MANAGEMENT AND PERFORMANCE THESE SERVICES ARE AVAILABLE TO INDIVIDUAL MEASUREMENT ARE DISCUSSED 3ECTION 6 IS SUBSCRIBER 4HE SUPPLEMENTARY SERVICES CONCERNEDWITHTHE#-3DESIGN4HE#-3 WHICH INCLUDE CALL FORWARDING CONFERENCE STRUCTURE AND CON`GURATION ARE PRESENTED CALL AND CALLING PARTY IDENTI`CATION ARE AD 3ECTION 6) SUGGESTS THE FUTURE RESEARCH AR DITIONAL SERVICES AND ARE PROVIDED AS OP EAS AND SECTION 6)) CONCLUDES THIS PAPER TIONS TO THE SUBSCRIBER 4HE /!- SERVICES MAKE SURE THAT THE FUNDAMENTAL SERVICES ARE )) #$-! -/"),% &5.#4)/.3 PROVIDED TO CUSTOMERS WITH HIGH QUALITY 4HESE #-3 SERVICES ARE PROVIDED UTILIZING 4HE #-3 SERVICES CONSIST OF FUNDAMENTAL THE #$-! MOBILE FUNCTIONS SERVICES AND OPERATION ADMINISTRATION AND 4HE #-3 ARCHITECTURE IS BASED ON THE MAINTENANCE /!- SERVICES 4HE FUNDA #$-! MOBILE FUNCTIONS 4HESE CAN BEST MENTAL SERVICES CONSIST OF THE PRIMARY SER BE DESCRIBED IN TERMS OF THREE GROUPS AS %42) *OURNAL VOLUME  NUMBER  /CTOBER  3UNGMOON 3HIN ET AL 

SHOWNIN&IG4HETOPISSERVICEMAN GROUP  WHICH IS HARDWARE ORIENTED 4HE AGEMENT GROUP GROUP  THE MIDDLE IS SER GROUPISTHEENGINEOFTHE#-3ANDSUP VICE CONTROL GROUP GROUP  AND THE BOT PORTS ALL UPPER GROUPS )T CONSISTS OF TRANS TOM IS SERVICE RESOURCE GROUP GROUP   MISSION POWER CONTROL SYNCHRONIZATION AND 4HE GROUP  IS CONCERNED WITH THE MAN SIGNALING AGEMENT FUNCTIONS RE QUIRED TO WARRANT THE SYSTEM CAPACITY AND RELIABILITY 4HE OTHER TWO GROUPS ARE CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONS ))) 3%26)#% 2%3/52#% NEEDED TO PROVIDE THE #-3 FUNDAMENTAL &5.#4)/. SERVICES 4HE HIGHER GROUP FUNCTIONS RECEIVE SUPPORTS FROM THE LOWER GROUP FUNCTIONS AS  4RANSMISSION AND 3YNCHRONIZATION WELL AS THE PEER FUNCTIONS &OR EXAMPLE 4RANSMISSION IS THE MOST IMPORTANT THE ACCOUNT ONE OF THE /!- MANAGEMENT WITHIN THE SERVICE RESOURCE GROUP 4HE FUNCTIONS IN GROUP  IS SUPPORTED BY SUCH TRANSMISSION SYSTEM MODEL IS SHOWN IN SERVICE CONTROL FUNCTIONS AS THE CALL CONTROL &IG  4HE RADIO TRANSMISSION IS CRITICAL AND AUTHENTICATION IN GROUP  4HE CALL TO THE SYSTEM PERFORMANCE 4HE #$-! IS CONTROL IN GROUP  IS ACCOMPLISHED BY THE INTERFERENCE LIMITED )N ORDER TO MINIMIZE SIGNALING AND PACKET TRANSMISSION IN GROUP THE INTERFERENCE IN THE RADIO LINK THE VARI  4HE PACKET TRANSMISSION IS SUPPORTED BY ABLE LENGTH PACKET TRANSMISSIONS WITH THE THE SYNCHRONIZATION IN THE SAME GROUP  DATA RATE OF i KBPS HAVE BEEN ADOPTED 4HE GROUP  CONSISTS OF /!- MANAGE 4HE MOBILE STATION TRANSMITS PACKETS EVERY MENT AND #$-! PERFORMANCE FUNCTIONS  MS 4HESE PACKETS ARE COMBINED WITH 4HESE ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE SYSTEM OPER THE SIGNALING MESSAGE UTILIZING THE DIM ATION AND THE PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS 4HE AND BURST OR THE BLANK AND BURST METHOD /!- MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS HAVE FOUR MA ;= JOR FUNCTIONS PROGRAM DOWNLOAD CON`GU 4HE FAST PACKET ROUTERS ARE UTILIZED RATION MANAGEMENT FAULT MANAGEMENT AND FOR TRANSMISSION IN THE "3 4HEY ENHANCE ACCOUNT 4HE #$-! PERFORMANCE FUNC THE "3 INTEGRITY WITHOUT CAUSING EXCESSIVE TIONS ARE CELL BOUNDARY MANAGEMENT AND TRANSMISSION DELAY BETWEEN THE BASESTATION PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT 4HE GROUP  TRANSCEIVER SUBSYSTEM "43 AND THE BASES CONSISTS OF `VE MAJOR FUNCTIONS CALL CON TATION CONTROLLER "3#  4HESE ALSO ENSURE TROL HANDO_ AUTHENTICATION LOCATION MAN THE MAXIMUM "3 TRUNK EbCIENCY 4HE "3 AGEMENT AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 4HESE PACKETS ARE ($,# FORMATTED AND ARE TRANS FUNCTIONS ARE USED IN PROVIDING DIRECT USER FERRED TO THE DESTINATION $URING THE SOFT SERVICES 4HE GROUP  AND  ARE IMPLE HANDO_ TWO OR THREE "43S SEND PACKETS MENTED MAINLY IN SOFTWARE IN CONTRAST TO TO ONE SELECTOR SIMULTANEOUSLY ! SELECTOR  3UNGMOON 3HIN ET AL %42) *OURNAL VOLUME  NUMBER  /CTOBER 




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&IG  #-3 TRANSMISSION SYSTEM MODEL

CHOOSES THE BEST PACKET AMONG THE RECEIVED TRANSMISSION 4HE "43 NEEDS THE ABSOLUTE PACKETS WHICH BEAR THE SAME INFORMATION TIME TO ACQUIRE THE #$-! SIGNAL TRANSMIT )N THE CASE OF VOICE SERVICES THE VARI TED FROM THE -3 ;= $URING THE SOFT HAND ABLE LENGTH PACKETS OF THE RADIO LINK ARE O_S THE PACKET ORDER MISMATCH CAN HAP CONVERTED INTO 0#- AT THE VOCODER AND PEN AT A SELECTOR DUE TO THE QUEUEING DELAY TRANSFERRED TO THE MOBILE EXCHANGE -8  OF THE "3 PACKET ROUTERS )N ORDER TO PRE 4HE -8 CANCELS ECHO CONTAINED IN THE VOICE VENT THIS MISMATCH ALL THE "43S AND THE FROM 034. AND SENDS THE VOICE TO THE MO "3# MUST BE SYNCHRONIZED 4HE CURRENT "3 MAINTAINS THE SYNCHRONIZATION BY DISTRIBUT BILE STATIONS -3S  )N THE CASE OF DATA ING CLOCK SIGNALS DERIVED FROM THE GLOBAL PO SERVICES THE PACKETS TRANSFERRED FROM -3S SITIONING SYSTEM '03 RECEIVER EQUIPPED IN ARE CONVERTED INTO  KBPS FORMATTED DATA THE "43 AND THE "3# 4HE "3# AND THE AT THE "3# AND TRANSFERRED TO THE INTER -8 ARE SYNCHRONIZED BY UTILIZING THE BIT WORKING FUNCTION )7& VIA THE -8 !T AND FRAME SYNCHRONIZATION OF % TRANSMIS THE )7& IN THE CASE OF PUBLIC SWITHED TELE SION PHONE NETWORK 034. ACCESS THE DATA ARE -3S ARE SYNCHRONIZED TO THEIR "43 BY CONVERTED TO VOICEBAND DATA AND SENT TO UTILIZING THE FRAME SYNCHRONIZATION !N -3 034. THROUGH A MODEM )N THE CASE OF RECEIVES THE FRAME SIGNALS FROM ITS "43 )N INTEGRATED SERVICES DIGITAL NETWORK )3$. THE FRAME SIGNALS  SYNCH CHANNEL SUPER OR PACKET SWITCHED PUBLIC DATA NETWORK FRAMES ARE TRANSMITTED DURING EVERY EVEN 030$. ACCESS THE DATA ARE TRANSMITTED SECONDSSYNCHRONIZEDWITHTHE'03CLOCK TO )3$. OR 030$. WITH THE  KBPS )3$. 4HE SYNCH CHANNEL SUPERFRAME LENGTH IS  TYPE FORMAT MS AND IT CONSISTS OF  SYNCH CHANNEL FRAMES 4IME SYNCHRONIZATION IS REQUISITE FOR THE ;= %42) *OURNAL VOLUME  NUMBER  /CTOBER  3UNGMOON 3HIN ET AL 

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&IG  #-3 POWER CONTROL SCHEME

 0OWER #ONTROL FROM ALL OF ITS -3S BE MAINTAINED EQUAL 4HEOPENLOOPPOWERCONTROLISVALIDONLY 4HE POWER CONTROL HAS A SIGNI`CANT E_ECT WHEN THE PROPAGATION LOSSES IN THE FORWARD ON THE RADIO LINK PERFORMANCE 4HE POW LINK AND REVERSE LINK ARE THE SAME ERS PROPERLY TRANSMITTED FROM BOTH -3 AND (OWEVER THE PATH LOSS IRREGULARITY BE "43 INCREASE THE LINK CAPACITY 4HE TRANS TWEEN THE FORWARD AND THE REVERSE LINK MITPOWERSMUSTBEKEPTASLOWASPOSSIBLE DOES NOT WARRANT THE EQUAL RECEIVED SIGNAL AND STILL BE ENOUGH TO MAINTAIN THE REQUIRED STRENGTH AT THE "3 4HE INNER LOOP POWER FRAME ERROR RATE &%2  &IGURE  SHOWS THE CONTROL COMPENSATES THE DISCREPANCY OF THE POWER CONTROL SCHEME POWER LEVELING )T IS PERFORMED EVERY  4HE -3 TRANSMIT POWER IS ADJUSTED BY MS BY THE "43 COMMANDS )F THE RECEIVED THE TWO REVERSE LINK CONTROL MECHANISMS POWER LEVEL FROM THE -3 IS LESS THAN THE OPEN LOOP POWER CONTROL AND CLOSED LOOP PRESET %B.O AT THE "43 THE "43 DIRECTS POWER CONTROL 4HE CLOSED LOOP POWER CON THE -3 TO INCREASE THE TRANSMIT POWER 4HE

TROL CONSISTS OF THE INNER LOOP POWER CON PRESET %B.O OF THE "43 IS ADJUSTED BY THE TROL AND THE OUTER LOOP POWER CONTROL )N OUTER LOOP POWER CONTROL 4HIS IS PERFORMED THE OPEN LOOP POWER CONTROL THE TRANSMIT EVERY  MS BY THE "3# SELECTOR ACCORD POWER DECREASES WHEN THE RECEIVER SIGNAL ING TO THE FRAME QUALITY OF 6ITERBI DECODED STRENGTH INCREASES AND VICE VERSA SO THAT PACKETS 7HEN THE ACTUAL FRAME ERROR RATE THE SUM OF THE TRANSMIT POWER STRENGTH AND &%2 ATTHESELECTORISBELOWTHEREQUIRED RECEIVED SIGNAL STRENGTH REMAINS CONSTANT &%2pIN OTHER WORDS WHEN THE SYSTEM PER 4HE "43 EXPECTS THAT THE SIGNAL STRENGTH FORMS BETTER THAN REQUIREDpCONTINUOUSLY  3UNGMOON 3HIN ET AL %42) *OURNAL VOLUME  NUMBER  /CTOBER 

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&IG  #-3 SIGNALING PROTOCOL STRUCTURE

THE SELECTOR DIRECTS THE CORRESPONDING "43 HOME LOCATION REGISTER AUTHENTICATION CEN

TO DECREASE THE PRESET %B.O TER AND SHORT MESSAGE SERVICEMESSAGE CEN TER RESPECTIVELY 4HE -3# 6,2 AND %)2 4HE FORWARD LINK POWER CONTROL IS PER AREIMPLEMENTEDINTHE-84HE(,2AND FORMED BY THE DIRECTION FROM THE "3# 4HE !# ARE IMPLEMENTED IN THE (,2!# &IG "43 TRANSMIT POWER IS ADJUSTED BY OBSERV URE  SHOWS THE #-3 PROTOCOL STRUCTURE ING THE REQUIRED &%2 OF THE -3 4HE SE 4HE INTERCONNECTIONS BETWEEN ANY TWO EN LECTOR OF THE "3# RECEIVES THE &%2 INFOR TITIES ARE ESTABLISHED ACCORDING TO THE INTER MATION FROM ITS CORRESPONDING -3 4HE -3 NATIONAL STANDARD SYSTEM REFERENCE MODEL SENDS THE INFORMATIONS PERIODICALLY OR WHEN OF THE CELLULAR SYSTEMS ;= ;= 4HE PROTO THE &%2 EXCEEDS THE THRESHOLD LEVEL )F THE COLS EMPLOYED IN THE #-3 ARE FOUND TO WORK &%2 IS TOO HIGH THE SELECTOR DIRECTS THE RE WELL 4HE LOWER LAYER PROTOCOLS CORRESPOND SPONSIBLE "43 TO INCREASE THE POWER TRANS INGTOLAYERANDLAYEROFTHEOPENSYSTEM MITTED TO THE CORRESPONDING -3 INTERCONNECTION /3) ARE AS FOLLOWS -3 "43 RADIO LINK CONTROL PROTOCOL  3IGNALING 2#0 "43 "3# "3 INTERNAL PROTOCOL ")0 )NTHE#-3 THEREARENINEFUNCTIONAL "3# -8 4$8 INTERPROCESSOR PROTOCOL ENTITIES -3 "43 "3# -3# 6,2 %)2 4)0 (,2 !# AND 3-3 -# 4HE -3# 6,2 -8 (,2!# MESSAGE TRANSFER PART  %)2 (,2 !# AND 3-3 -# CORRESPOND -40  AND -40  TO THE MOBILE SWITCHING CENTER VISITOR LO 4HE UPPER LAYER PROTOCOLS ABOVE THE CATION REGISTER EQUIPMENT IDENTITY REGISTER /3) LAYER  ARE CONCERNED WITH THE CALL %42) *OURNAL VOLUME  NUMBER  /CTOBER  3UNGMOON 3HIN ET AL 

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&IG  4HE VOICE SERVICE CONTROL PROCEDURE FOR MOBILE ORIGINATING PLAIN LINE ANDMOBILETERMINATEDDOTTED LINE CALLS /NE -8 FOR THE HOME -8 AND THE VISITING -8 IS ASSUMED

MANA GEMENT MOBILITY MANAGEMENT RADIO 4HESE UPPER LAYER PROTOCOLS ARE EXE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND SO ON 4HESE CUTEDINTHECONTROLBLOCKS%ACHFUNCTIONAL TRANSFER FOR EXAMPLE THE CALL CONTROL INFOR ENTITY HAS ITS OWN CONTROL BLOCK WHICH CON MATION SUCH AS THE SUBSCRIBER IDENTI`CATION SISTS OF A NUMBER OF PROCESSORS 4HE PROCES NUMBER AND THE SERVICE TYPE 4HE UPPER SORS IN EACH BLOCK EMPLOY THE FAST PACKET LAYER PROTOCOLS EMPLOYED ARE AS FOLLOWS TRANSMISSION TECHNIQUE TO HANDLE A LARGE AMOUNT OF TRAbC !LL THE CONTROL BLOCKS -3 "43 MOBILE CALL PROCESSING PART PERFORMING THE MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS HAVE -#00 REDUNDANT PROCESSORS TO WARRANT SYSTEM RE "43 "3# "3 APPLICATION PART "3!0 LIABILITY "3# -8 "3 MOBILE APPLICATION PART "3-!0 -8 (,2!# OR 3-3 -# -40  SIG )6 3%26)#% #/.42/, !.$ NALING CONNECTION CONTROL PART 3##0 -!.!'%-%.4 &5.#4)/. TRANSACTION CAPABILITY 4#!0 AND MOBILE APPLICATION PART -!0   #ALL #ONTROL  3UNGMOON 3HIN ET AL %42) *OURNAL VOLUME  NUMBER  /CTOBER 

4HE CALL CONTROL SCHEMES FOR THE PRIMARY THE PAGING REQUEST 4HE "43 THEN PAGES SERVICES ARE DISCUSSED HERE 4HE PRIMARY THE -3 !FTER RECEIVING THE RESPONSE TO THE SERVICES ARE VOICE DATA AND SHORT MESSAGE PAGING REQUEST FROM THE DESTINATION -3 THE SERVICES "43ASSIGNSA7ALSHCODEANDAFRAMEO_ SETFORTHE-34HE"3#RECEIVESTHEPAG ! 6OICE 3ERVICE ING RESPONSE FROM THE "43 AND ALLOCATES A SELECTOR FOR THE CALL !FTER CON`RMING THE 4HEVOICESERVICEISTHEMOSTIMPORTANT CONNECTION WITH THE -3 THE "3# SENDS THE AMONG THE PRIMARY SERVICES &IGURE  SHOWS PAGING RESPOND TO ITS -8 4HE -8 ACCOM THE CALL CONTROL PROCEDURE FOR THE VOICE COM PLISHES THE DESIRED CONNECTION &OR THE MO MUNICATION 4HE SIGNALING MESSAGES FOR THE BILE TO MOBILE CALLS BOTH OF THE ABOVE CALL CONTROL ARE EXCHANGED ACCORDING TO THE SIG PROCEDURES ARE PERFORMED NALING PROTOCOL DISCUSSED IN THE PREVIOUS SECTION 4HERE EXIST TWO TYPES OF CALLS MO BILE ORIGINATED CALL AND MOBILE TERMINATED     #$#% "  !  CALL    4HE-3STARTSANORIGINATEDCALLBY 

SENDING A CALL ORIGINATION MESSAGE TO ITS CELL     "43 )F THE "43 HAS AN AVAILABLE CHANNEL           FOR THE CALL THE "43 INFORMS THE ORIGINAT

  ING -3 OF THE 7ALSH CODE AND FRAME O_
    SET CORRESPONDING TO THE AVAILABLE CHANNEL 4HEN THE "43 REQUESTS ITS "3# A CONNEC TION 4HE "3# ASSIGNS A SELECTOR UPON RE &IG  #-3 DATA COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL STRUCTURE QUEST !S SOON AS THE SELECTOR CON`RMS THE -4TRANSMITTINGDATAARETRANSFERREDTOTHE 43" IN THE "3# VIA 2#0 IN THE "43 43" IS ORIGINATING -3 THE "3# REQUESTS THE -8 THE TRANSCODER  SELECTOR BANK A CALL CONNECTION 4HE -8 REQUESTS THE !# THE AUTHENTICATION STATUS OF THE ORIGINATING " $ATA 3ERVICE -3 5PON RECEIVING AN AbRMATION FROM THE !# THE -8 ACCEPTS THIS CALL AND CONNECT &IGURE  SHOWS THE #-3 PROTOCOL STRUC THE -3 TO THE DESTINATION TURE FOR THE DATA SERVICE 4WO STEPS ARE )N THE TERMINATED CALL THE ROUTING INFOR TAKINGPLACETOPROVIDEADATASERVICE4HE MATION OF THE TERMINATED -3 IS INFORMED `RST STEP IS TO CONNECT THE MOBILE TERMINAL FROM THE (,2 4HE -8 KNOWING THE LO -4 TOTHE-84HECONNECTIONPROCE CATION AREA OF THE TERMINATED -3 REQUESTS DURE IS THE SAME AS THE CALL CONTROL PROCE THE CORRESPONDING "3# A PAGING 4HE "3# DURE OF THE VOICE COMMUNICATION 4HE SEC IN TURN INFORMS THE CORRESPONDING "43 OF OND STEP IS TO ESTABLISH THE DATA COMMUNI %42) *OURNAL VOLUME  NUMBER  /CTOBER  3UNGMOON 3HIN ET AL 




 





       



       




    

 
 
     
 



         

&IG  #-3 3-3 PROTOCOL ARCHITECTURE #!) IS THE COMMON AIR INTERFACE 

CATIONS PROTOCOL 4HE -4 CORRESPONDS TO TRANSFERS THE MAXIMUM  CHARACTERS 4HE THE -3 #-4 TRANSFERS THE MAXIMUM  CHARAC $ATA COMMUNICATIONS INCLUDE THE ' TERS INCLUDING CONTROL INFORMATION ;= 4HE FACSIMILE SERVICES AND ASYNCHRONOUS DATA SHORT MESSAGES ARE TRANSFERRED UTILIZING THE SERVICES SUCH AS `LE TRANSFERRINGS 4HE -8 SIGNALING MESSAGES OF THE CONTROL CHANNEL CAN COMMUNICATE WITH 034. THROUGH THE AS WELL AS THE TRAbC CHANNEL ON THE OTHER MODEM POOLS OR COMMUNICATE DIRECTLY WITH HAND THE VOICE OR DATA IS TRANSFERRED UTILIZ 030$. OR )3$. USING THE DIGITAL TRANS ING ONLY THE TRAbC CHANNEL &IGURE  SHOWS MISSION PROTOCOL 4HE INTERWORKING FUNC THE 3-3 PROTOCOL STRUCTURE 7HILE THE DATA TION )7& CONNECTING TO THE -8 EXECUTES ISTRANSFERREDINREALTIMETHROUGH)7& THE SUCH CONNECTIONS !S SHOWN IN &IG  THE SHORT MESSAGE IS TRANSFERRED IN THE STORE AND DATA SERVICES NEED THE TERMINAL EQUIPMENT FORWARD SCHEME 4HE 3-3 TRANSPORT LAYER  4% AND THE -4 4HE -4 EMULATES CORRECTS ANY TRANSMISSION ERROR THROUGH RE THE MODEM FUNCTION 4HE APPLICATION IN TRANSMISSION AND PROVIDES THE 3-3 BEARER TERFACE PART !)0 RESIDING IN THE -4 ES SERVICE 4HE -3 HAS A SHORT MESSAGE ENTITY TABLISHES THE CONNECTION WITH THE MODEM WHICHISUSEDINSTORINGORDISPLAYINGTHE POOL OF THE )7& !NY TRANSMISSION ERROR RECEIVED SHORT MESSAGE THAT MIGHT OCCUR IN THE LINK IS RECOVERED VIA !21 PERFORMED BY THE 43"  (ANDO_ # 3HORT -ESSAGE 3ERVICES 4HE #-3 PROVIDES THREE TYPES OF HAND 4HE #-3 PROVIDES TWO 3-3 TELESERVICES O_ SOFTER HANDO_ SOFT HANDO_ AND HARD CELLULAR PAGING TELESERVICE #04 AND CELLU HANDO_ 4HE SOFTER HANDO_ REFERS TO THE LAR MESSAGING TELESERVICE #-4  4HE #04 HANDO_ BETWEEN TWO NEIGHBORING SECTORS IN  3UNGMOON 3HIN ET AL %42) *OURNAL VOLUME  NUMBER  /CTOBER 

A CELL )T IS IMPLEMENTED IN ONE CHANNEL CALL ATTEMPT UPON REQUEST )T CONSISTS OF CARD 4HE CHANNEL CARD PROCESSES THE RADIO A RANDOM CHALLENGE NUMBER 2!.$# AN SIGNALS UTILIZING THE RAKE RECEIVER 4HE SOFT AUTHENTICATION INFORMATION !54( AND A HANDO_ REFERS TO THE HANDO_ BETWEEN NEIGH CALL HISTORY COUNT 4HE SECRET DATA IS EX BORING CELLS 4HE SELECTOR PERFORMS THE SOFT AMINED BY THE !# DURING THE AUTHENTICA HANDO_)TCHOOSESTHEBESTPACKETAMONG TION 4HE 2!.$# PROTECTS THE AUTHENTI THE TRANSFERRED PACKETS FROM i"43SAND CATION ALGORITHM FROM REVELATION )T IS GEN SENDS IT TO THE CORRESPONDING TRANSCODER ERATED BY THE BASESTATION MANAGER "3- ANDISUSEDBYBOTHTHE"43ANDTHE!# 4HE HARD HANDO_ OCCURS WHEN THE SITUA TION NEEDS ONE OF THE THREE CHANGES THE  ,OCATION -ANAGEMENT DI_ERENT FREQUENCY ASSIGNMENT THE DI_ER ENT FRAME O_SET ASSIGNMENT AND THE CHANGE 4HE INFORMATION ON THE SUBSCRIBERS LO OF -8 AREA 4HE APPROPRIATE SELECTOR CATION IS REQUIRED AND MAINTAINED BY THE IS CHOSEN IN EACH SITUATION 4HE -8 #-3 4HE LOCATION REGISTRATIONS ARE BASED AREA IS CHANGED AT THE -8 4HE `RST TWO ON THE TIME ZONE DISTANCE POWER ONO_ CASES OCCUR WHEN THE CHANNEL OF THE SAME ORDER PARAMETER CHANGE IMPLICIT AND TRAF BANDWIDTH OR FRAME O_SET IS NOT AVAILABLE `C CHANNEL REGISTRATION ;= 4HE TRAbC CHAN 4HE MOBILE ASSISTED HANDO_ -!(/ AND NEL REGISTRATION OCCURS AFTER THE HANDO_ )T THE NETWORK CONTROL HANDO_ .#(/ TECH IS STORED IN AND MANAGED BY THE 6,2 AND NIQUES MAKE THE FREQUENCY HANDO_ POSSI (,2 7HILE THE 6,2 LIMITS IT TO THE SUB BLE WITHOUT THE BEACON PILOT INCREASING THE SCRIBERS IN THE CORRESPONDING -8 AREA THE (,2 INCLUDES ALL THE SUBSCRIBERS IN THE SER SYSTEM COMPLEXITY 4HESE USE THE INFORMA VICE AREA 7HEN A SUBSCRIBER PASSES FROM TION SUCH AS THE -3 "43 ROUND TRIP DE AN -8 AREA TO ANOTHER THE 6,2 IS CHANGED LAY 24$ THE FORWARD LINK POWER CONTROL BY THE NOTI`CATION FROM THE (,2 AND THE RECEIVED SIGNAL STRENGTH TO EXECUTE HANDO_ 4HE #-3 CAN ALSO USE THE BEACON  2ESOURCE -ANAGEMENT PILOT FOR THE FREQUENCY HANDO_ 4HE #-3 RADIO LINK RESOURCES ARE MAN  !UTHENTICATION AGED TO OPTIMIZE THE LINK CAPACITY AND SER VICE QUALITY #UTTING O_ THE ONGOING CALL !UTHENTICATION IS REQUIRED TO PROTECT IS A SERIOUS DAMAGE TO THE SERVICE QUALITY AND QUALIFY BONA`DE SUBSCRIBERS %ACH SUB 4HE #-3 RESERVES A FEW CHANNELS FOR HAND SCRIBER IS REQUIRED TO CARRY A SECRET DATA O_S WITH THE HIERARCHICAL PRIORITY 4HE HI AND IS SERVED ONLY WHEN THE SECRET DATA IS ERARCHICAL PRIORITY IS AIMED AT USING THE RE MATCHEDTOTHEONESTOREDINTHEAUTHEN SERVED CHANNEL E_ECTIVELY !N -3 REQUEST TICATION CENTER !#  4HE SECRET DATA CAN ING HANDO_ BY THE WEAK PILOT OF THE DES BE CHANGED DURING THE REGISTRATION OR THE TINATION CELL IS ASSIGNED A CHANNEL WITH NO %42) *OURNAL VOLUME  NUMBER  /CTOBER  3UNGMOON 3HIN ET AL 

PRIORITY (OWEVER THE -3 REQUESTING HAND BY THE OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE CENTER O_ BY THE STRONG PILOT OF THE DESTINATION CELL /-# THAT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE NETWORK IS ASSIGNED A CHANNEL WITH PRIORITY 4HE RE /!- SERVED CHANNEL IS ALSO ASSIGNED THE -3 IN AN URGENT CASE 4HE HANDO_ CHANNELS ARE  #ELL "OUNDARY -ANAGEMENT MANAGED SO THAT THE FREQUENCY HANDO_ SEL DOM OCCURS 4HE FREQUENCY HANDO_ TAKES 4HE CELL BOUNDARY MANAGEMENT IS TO OP PLACE WHEN SOFT HANDO_ IS NOT AVAILABLE TIMIZE THE SYSTEM PERFORMANCE AND THE "3 TOTAL CAPACITY )T INCLUDES BREATHING BLOS  /!- -ANAGEMENT SOMING WILTING AND TRAbC LOAD SHEDDING 4HE FOLLOWING DESCRIBES EACH TERM 4HE /!- MANAGEMENT CONSISTS OF FOUR 4HE BREATHING BALANCES THE FORWARD FUNCTIONS PROGRAM DOWNLOAD CON`GURA LINK HANDO_ BOUNDARY AND THE REVERSE TION MANAGEMENT FAULT MANAGEMENT AND LINK HANDO_ BOUNDARY DURING THE NOR ACCOUNT 4HE "3 PROGRAM AND CON`GURA MAL OPERATION )T MAXIMIZES THE LINK TION INFORMATION ARE TRANSFERRED FROM THE CAPACITY "3- TO THE "3 CONTROL BLOCKS 4HE SYS 4HE BLOSSOMING INDICATES THE GRADUAL TEM FAULT OR FAILURE IS DETECTED ISOLATED AND INCREASE OF THE "43 TRANSMIT POWER RECOVERED BY THE FAULT MANAGEMENT 4HE WHEN A CELL IS INITIALLY ACTIVATED ! SUD ALARM GENERATES AN ALARM SIGNAL IMMEDI DEN ACTIVATION CAUSES A SUDDEN INCREASE ATELY WHEN ANY SYSTEM FAULT OR MALFUNCTION IN THE TOTAL FORWARD LINK BACKGROUND IS DETECTED 4HE ALARM SIGNAL ENABLES THE POWER 4HIS RESULTS IN THE DEGRADA #-3 OPERATOR TO LOCATE THE PLACE AND TIME TION OF THE FORWARD LINK QUALITY AND MAY AT WHICH THE FAULT HAS OCCURRED 4HE AC CAUSE THE CALL DROPS OF THE NEIGHBORING COUNT INFORMATION IS STORED AND MANAGED CELLS 4HE BLOSSOMING ALLOWS OTHER CELL AT THE (,2 "43S TO ADJUST THEIR TRANSMIT POWER TO 4HESE /!- FUNCTIONS USE THE DATABASE MAINTAIN THE LINK QUALITY AT THE ACCEPT AND LIBRARY WHICH ARE RUN UNDER THE OPERAT ABLE LEVEL ING SYSTEM /3  4HE DATABASE CONTAINS THE 4HE WILTING IS THE OPPOSITE CONCEPT INFORMATION ON THE RESOURCE MOBILITY AND OF THE BLOSSOMING AND GRADUAL DECREASE OPERATING STATUS TO NAME A FEW 4HE CALL OF THE E_ECTIVE RADIATED POWER %20 PROCESSING DATA ARE ALSO CONTAINED IN THE WHEN THE CELL IS DEACTIVATED DATABASE 4HE LIBRARY PROVIDES THE SYSTEM 4HE TRAbC LOAD SHEDDING IS TO BALANCE PROGRAMMERS WITH THE /3 ORIENTED PROGRAM USER TRAbC LOADS AMONG ADJACENT CELLS LANGUAGE 4HE /!- INFORMATION ON THE "3 BY ADJUSTING THE CELL RADII 4HE HEAVILY IS GATHERED AND MANAGED BY THE "3- 4HIS LOADED "43 SHRINKS ITS COVERAGE AREA INFORMATION IS ALSO GATHERED AND MANAGED WHILE THE SPARSELY LOADED NEIGHBORING  3UNGMOON 3HIN ET AL %42) *OURNAL VOLUME  NUMBER  /CTOBER 

"43 INCREASES ITS COVERAGE AREA &IG THE POWER CONTROL PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS URE  SHOWS THE CONCEPT OF THE TRAbC POWER CONTROL THRESHOLD VALUE AND TRANSMIS LOAD SHEDDING SION GAIN OF THE FORWARD TRAbC CHANNEL

 6 #-3 $%3)'.             #-3 3TRUCTURE        !LL THE FEATURES DISCUSSED PREVIOUSLY HAVE BEEN IMPLEMENTED BASED ON THE SYSTEM & ,  * +  & )  * +  REFERENCE MODEL ;= ;= )NDIVIDUAL FUNCTION  & '( IS ALLOCATED TO THE FUNCTIONAL ENTITY DE`NED IN THE MODEL ! SUBSYSTEM CORRESPONDS TO A &IG  4RAbC LOAD SHEDDING FUNCTIONAL ENTITY OR A COMBINATION OF A FEW ENTITIES 4HE SUBSYSTEM IS DESIGNED BY CON SIDERING THE CONTROL EbCIENCY OF THE OVER  0ERFORMANCE -EASUREMENT ALL SYSTEM AND ECONOMY FOR PHYSICAL REAL IZATION 4HE PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT IS NEC 4HE -3# THE 6,2 AND THE %)2 ARE ESSARY TO ASSURE PROPER #-3 OPERATIONS REALIZED WITHIN THE PHYSICAL -8 SUBSYS 4HE #-3 MEASURES THE LINK PERFORMANCE TEM4HE(,2ANDTHE!#AREREALIZED PARAMETERS 4HE #$-! SYSTEM ANALYSIS IN THE (,2!# SUBSYSTEM 4HE INTERFACE TOOL #3!4 COLLECTS AND ANALYZES THE PERFOR MANCE DATA 4HERE ARE TWO TYPES OF PER WITH THE OTHER NETWORKS SUCH AS 034. AND FORMANCE PARAMETERS IN THE #3!4 THE PER )3$. IS DONE AT THE -8 &IGURE  SHOWS FORMANCE ANALYSIS PARAMETER AND THE TRAF THE #-3 STRUCTURE INDICATING THE SUBSYS `C ANALYSIS PARAMETER 4HE TRAbC ANALY TEM COMPONENTS AND THEIR INTERRELATIONSHIP SIS PARAMETER CONTAINS THE NUMBER OF CALL 4HE MAJOR FUNCTIONS OF THE SUBSYSTEMS ARE ATTEMPTSAPPROVALS PER UNIT INTERVAL VOICE DISCUSSED IN THE FOLLOWING ACTIVITY PER CALL THE NUMBER OF HANDO_S ! -OBILE 3TATION PER UNIT INTERVAL AND HANDO_ PARAMETERS 4HE PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS PARAMETER CON 4HE -3 IS A PHYSICAL EQUIPMENT USED TAINS THE &%2S OF THE FORWARD AND REVERSE BY THE #-3 SUBSCRIBER 4HIS PROVIDES A

LINKS BURST ERROR RATE THE %B. RECEIVED SUBSCRIBER WITH THE RADIO PATH TO THE NET AT THE "43 AND THE -3 THE NUMBER OF WORK 4HERE ARE TWO TYPES OF -3 THE MO `NGERS IN OPERATION AND THE SIGNAL ENERGY BILE EQUIPPED -3 AND THE PORTABLE -3 CONTAINED IN EACH `NGER )T ALSO DERIVES 4HE VOICE COMMUNICATION REQUIRES ONLY THE %42) *OURNAL VOLUME  NUMBER  /CTOBER  3UNGMOON 3HIN ET AL 






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&IG  #-3 FUNCTIONAL STRUCTURE -&# IS THE MULTI FREQUENCY CONTROL 

MOBILE TERMINATION -4 FUNCTION 4HE AMPLI`ER POWER AMPLI`ER SIGNAL COM OTHER SERVICES REQUIRE THE ADDITIONAL FUNC BINERDISTRIBUTOR AND FREQUENCY CONVERTER TIONS SUCH AS THE TERMINAL EQUIPMENT 4% ARE INSTALLED IN THE RADIO FREQUENCY UNIT THE TERMINAL ADAPTOR 4! OR THE COMBINA 2&5  &OR THE RADIO SIGNAL PROCESSING THE TION THEREOF 4HE -3 IS EQUIPPED WITH THE MODULATIONDEMODULATION #$-! CHANNEL MOBILE EQUIPMENT IDENTITY -%) AND THE CODINGDECODING AND THE '03 RECEIVER ARE MOBILE SUBSCRIBER IDENTITY -3) FOR IDENTI IN THE #$-! DIGITAL UNIT #$5  4HE CALL `CATION PROCESS AND /!- FUNCTIONS ARE EXECUTED " "ASE 3TATION IN THE "43 CONTROL PROCESSOR "#0  4HE PACKET ROUTES AND THE PATH BETWEEN THE 4HE "3 IS A PHYSICAL EQUIPMENT USED IN "43 AND THE "3# ARE PROVIDED BY THE "43 PROVIDING THE "3 AREA SUBSCRIBERS WITH THE INTERCONNECTION NETWORK ").  RADIO PATHS 4HE "3 CONSISTS OF THREE KINDS 4HE "3# MANAGES THE "3 RESOURCES OF EQUIPMENTS "43 FOR THE TRANSMISSION AND RECEPTION OF THE RADIO SIGNALS "3# FOR AND CONTROLS THE "3 AREA SUBSCRIBERS !LL THE "3 CONTROL AND "3- FOR THE "3 /!- THE TRAbC PACKETS FROM -3S ARE PROCESSED 4HE "43 IS THE PHYSICAL EQUIPMENT IN THE "3# 4HE PACKET SELECTION DUR NEEDED TO COMMUNICATE WITH THE SUB ING THE HAND O_S AND VOICE PACKET CON SCRIBERS OF ITS CELL AREA &OR THE RA VERSION BETWEEN CODE EXCITED LINEAR PRE DIO TRANSMISSION AND RECEPTION LOW NOISE DICTION #%,0 AND 0#- ARE EXECUTED IN  3UNGMOON 3HIN ET AL %42) *OURNAL VOLUME  NUMBER  /CTOBER 

THE TRANSCODER  SELECTOR BANK 43"  4HE $ (OME ,OCATION 2EGISTER!UTHENTICATION 43" CONNECTS TO THE -8 USING THE % #ENTER TRUNKS 4HE "3# CALL PROCESS AND "3# 4HE (,2!# STORES AND MANAGES THE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ARE EXECUTED IN THE #-3 SUBSCRIBER INFORMATION INCLUDING THE CALL CONTROL PROCESSOR ##0  4HE #$-! INTERCONNECTION NETWORK #). SWITCHES THE SUBSCRIBER LOCATIONS AND SERVICE PRO`LES "3# INTERNAL PACKETS AND PROVIDES THE PATH 4HE AUTHENTICATION DATA ARE ALSO STORED IN TO THE "43 4HE CLOCK GENERATION  DISTRIB THIS SUBSYSTEM 4HIS IS A DATABASE TO REG UTOR #+$ PROVIDES 43"S WITH THE CLOCK ISTER #-3 SUBSCRIBER DATA 4HE (,2!# SIGNALS DERIVED FROM THE '03 COMMUNICATES DIRECTLY WITH THE -8 UTILIZ 4HE"3-PROVIDESTHE/!-FUNCTIONS ING THE COMMON CHANNEL SIGNALING  ##3 FOR THE "3 EQUIPMENT 4HE PROGRAM LOAD   ING FOR "3 OPERATIONS FAULT COLLECTION FOR % 3HORT -ESSAGE 3ERVICE -ESSAGE #ENTER "3 MAINTENANCE ARE EXECUTED IN THE "3-0 4HE MAN MACHINE INTERFACE --) FUNC 4HE3-3 -#ISUSEDINPROVIDINGTHE TION FOR "3 OPERATORS IS ALSO INCLUDED IN THE SHORT MESSAGE SERVICES 4HIS STORES AND "3-0 4HE !,- GENERATES ALARM SIGNALS REMITS SHORT MESSAGES UPON SUBSCRIBER RE WHEN THE "3 EQUIPMENT `NDS ANY FAULT OR QUEST 4HE 3-3 -# COMMUNICATES DI MALFUNCTION RECTLY WITH THE -8 UTILIZING ##3 

# -OBILE %XCHANGE  3YSTEM #ON`GURATION 4HE -8 IS A PHYSICAL EQUIPMENT NEEDED 4HE #-3 CHANNEL CAPACITY IS DETER TO COMMUNICATE WITH THE SUBSCRIBERS OF ITS MINED BY THE SYSTEM CON`GURATION 4HE -8 AREA &OR THE CONNECTION BETWEEN THE ORIGINATING -3 AND THE DESTINATION THE -8 SYSTEM CON`GURATION IS CHANGEABLE BY SIM CALL PROCESS 0#- BASED TIME SWITCH AND PLY ADDING OR REMOVING SUBSYSTEM CARDS -8 RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ARE CARRIED OUT IN 4HE aEXIBILITY OF THE "3 CON`GURATION IS THE ACCESS SWITCHING SUBSYSTEM !33  4HE SHOWN IN &IG  LOCA TION MANAGEMENT AND INTERNETWORKING !CCORDING TO THE TESTS CONDUCTED ;= A WITH 034. OR )3$. IS ALSO DONE VIA THE RADIO LINK IN A SINGLE SECTOR CELL CAN PRO !33 4HE -8 LOCATION MANAGEMENT IS PER VIDE APPROXIMATELY  CHANNELS 4HE LINK FORMED BY THE 6,2 6,2 IS REALIZED IN CAPACITY TURNS OUT TO DECREASE IN THE THREE THE CENTRAL CONTROL SUBSYSTEM ##3  4HE SECTOR CELL SLIGHTLY 4HUS THE "43 WITH -8 COMMUNICATES WITH THE (,2!# FOR THREE SECTORS AND FOUR FREQUENCIES PROVIDES THE LOCATION MANAGEMENT AND AUTHENTICA APPROXIMATELY  CHANNELS %ACH "43 IS TION 4HE INTERCONNECTION NETWORK SUBSYS DESIGNED TO ACCOMMODATE UP TO EIGHT % TEM ).3 IS THE -8 INTERNAL SWITCHES OR 4 TRUNKS CONNECTING TO THE "3# %42) *OURNAL VOLUME  NUMBER  /CTOBER  3UNGMOON 3HIN ET AL 

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&IG  "3 CON`GURATION "3# CONSISTS OF UP TO  #).S ! "43 HAS MAXIMUM  TRUNKS 

/NE "3# GROUP "3#' CAN ACCOMMO PROVIDES THE MAXIMUM   %RLANG AND DATE THE MAXIMUM  % OR 4 TRUNKS CON   BUSY HOUR CALL ATTEMPTS "(#! NECTING WITH THE SUBORDINATE "43S 4HIS ;= 4HE 6,2 STORES THE MAXIMUM   MEANS"43SCANBECONNECTEDTOA SUBSCRIBER DATA 4HE (,2!# HANDLES UP "3#' IF ONE TRUNK PER "43 IS USED 4HE TO  SIGNALING TRUNKS AND STORES THE MAX CALL BLOCKING PROBABILITY MUST BE CONSIDERED IMUM    SUBSCRIBER DATA 4ABLE  TO DETERMINE THE OPTIMUM NUMBER OF "43S SUMMARIZES THE ABOVE `GURES PER "3#' 4HE "3# IS DESIGNED TO INSTALL THE MAXIMUM  "3#'S AND ACCOMMODATE UP TO  "43S /NE 43" CAN HANDLE  6) !2%!3 /& &5452% VOICE CHANNELS /NE "3#' SUPPORTS MAX 2%3%!2#( IMUM  43"S WHICH CORRESPOND TO   VOICE CHANNELS %ACH 43" IS CONNECTED TO 4HE CELL CAPACITY IS NOT `XED BUT VARY THE -8 USING TWO % TRUNKS ! "3# AC ING 4HE CELL CAPACITY FOR EXAMPLE IS AF COMMODATES UP TO   VOICE CHANNELS 4HE -8 CONSISTS OF MAXIMUM  AC FECTED BY THE TRAbC LOAD IN THE CHANNELS OF CESS SWITCH SUBSYSTEMS !33S CORRESPOND THE NEIGHBORING CELLS ;= 4HEREFORE IT IS AD INGTO %OR4TRUNKCHANNELS)T VISABLE THAT THE RADIO CHANNELS BE ASSIGNED INTERCONNECTS TO THE "3# UTILIZING MAXI ADAPTIVELY TO THE VARYING TRAbC LOAD TO SE MUM  !33 MOBILES !33 -S  4HE -8 CURE THE OPTIMUM CELL CAPACITY 4RAbC LOAD  3UNGMOON 3HIN ET AL %42) *OURNAL VOLUME  NUMBER  /CTOBER 

4HE #-3 SERVICES ARE SUPPORTED BY THESE 4ABLE  4HE MAXIMUM CAPACITY OF #-3 COMPO FUNCTIONS )MPLEMENTATION OF THESE FUNC NENTS TIONS ARE THE MAJOR CONCERN OF THE #-3 AR -AXIMUM CHITECTURE 3UBSYSTEM #OMPONENT 2EMARKS CAPACITY 4HE #-3 CONSISTS OF SEVEN SUBSYSTEMS  SECTORS  "43  #H -3 "43 "3# "3- -8 (,2!# AND FREQ 3-3 -# 4HESE SUBSYSTEMS ARE IMPLE   #H  "3#'S MENTED BASED ON THE INTERNATIONAL STANDARD "3# "3#'   #H  43"S SYSTEM REFERENCE MODEL OF THE CELLULAR SYS 43"  #H TEMS 4HE SIGNALING AND NETWORK PROTOCOLS   #H  !33S CONFORM TO THE /3) STRUCTURE -8 !33   #H %ACH SUBSYSTEM CONSISTS OF A NUMBER OF    MODULARIZED CARDS 4HE SYSTEM SIZE CAN BE (,2!# 3UBSCRIBERS CUSTOMIZED TO MEET THE USER REQUIREMENT 4HE #-3 CAPACITY IS aEXIBLE AND EXPAND ABLE 4HE "43 AND "3# CAN PROVIDE MAXI CAN BE REDISTRIBUTED AMONG THE NEIGHBOR MUM  AND   VOICE CHANNELS RESPEC ING CELLS BY REDE`NING THE CELL BOUNDARIES TO TIVELY 4HE -8 CAN ACCOMMODATE UP TO OPTIMIZE THE OVERALL CHANNEL CAPACITY 7E   MOBILES AT THE SAME TIME 4HE #-3 RECOMMEND A FURTHER RESEARCH ON THE ADAP CONTROL BLOCKS ARE BUILT WITH REDUNDANCY TO TIVE CHANNEL ALLOCATION DYNAMIC CELL BOUND WARRANT SYSTEM RELIABILITY ARY MANAGEMENT AND TRAbC LOAD SHEDDING ;= ;= !MONG OTHERS A FURTHER STUDY ON THE DYNAMIC POWER CONTROL IS ALSO RECOM 2%&%2%.#%3 MENDED 4HE E_ECTIVE TRANSMIT POWER CON TROL OF BOTH THE -3S AND "3S IS A KEY TO ;= $0 7HIPPLE <.ORTH !MERICA CELLULAR #$-!  ( 0 *OUR VOL  NO  PP   REDUCE THE CHANNEL INTERFERENCE AND THUS $EC  TO IMPROVE THE CELL CAPACITY ;= : # &LUHR AND 0 4 0ORTER <#ONTROL ARCHITEC TURE  " 3 4 * VOL  NO  PP   *AN  6)) #/.#,53)/. ;= %43) 'LOBAL 3YSTEM FOR -OBILE #OMMUNICATION '3- .OV 4HE ARCHITECTURE OF THE #-3 DEVELOPED ;= 3 +IM 0 3ONG * +IM AND ( ,EE <)NVESTI BY %42) HAS BEEN DISCUSSED IN TERMS OF THE GATION OF #$-! AIR INTERFACE AND PROTOCOLS  IN #$-! MOBILE FUNCTIONS 4HESE FUNCTIONS THIS ISSUE PP   ARE GROUPED INTO SERVICE MANAGEMENT SER ;= 4)!%)!)3  #ELLULAR )NTERSYSTEM /PERA VICE CONTROL AND SERVICE RESOURCE FUNCTIONS TIONS 0.  *ULY  %42) *OURNAL VOLUME  NUMBER  /CTOBER  3UNGMOON 3HIN ET AL 

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3UNGMOON 3HIN GRADUATED FROM 3EOUL .ATIONAL 5NIVER SITY WITH "3 DEGREE IN ELEC TRONICS ENGINEERING IN  AND -3 AND 0H $ DEGREES FROM +OREA !DVANCED )NSTI TUTE OF 3CIENCE AND 4ECHNOL OGY +!)34 IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING IN  AND  RESPECTIVELY 3INCE  HE HAS BEEN WITH %42) AND IS CURRENTLY WORKING AT 2ADIO 0ROTOCOL  3IGNALING 3ECTION (IS RESEARCH INTERESTS INCLUDE LINK POWER ANALYSIS AND TRAbC MODELING WITH PER FORMANCE EVALUATION IN DIGITAL AND MOBILE COMMUNI CATIONS ESPECIALLY WITH SPREAD SPECTRUM AND #$-! TECHNOLOGIES

(UN ,EE 3EE %42) *OURNAL VOL NO P !PR