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The Analysis of Pingyao Ancient Town Street Spaces and View Spots Reachability by Space Syntax
Journal of Data Analysis and Information Processing, 2016, 4, 177-186 http://www.scirp.org/journal/jdaip ISSN Online: 2327-7203 ISSN Print: 2327-7211 The Analysis of Pingyao Ancient Town Street Spaces and View Spots Reachability by Space Syntax Dengfei Li, Xianchun Yan*, Yan Yu Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation, China West Normal University, Ministry of Education, Nanchong, China How to cite this paper: Li, D.F., Yan, X.C., Abstract and Yu, Y. (2016) The Analysis of Pingyao Ancient Town Street Spaces and View Spots The Pingyao ancient town is one of the four largest ancient cities in China. This Reachability by Space Syntax. Journal of Data study analyzes street spaces characteristic and view spots reachability of the Pingyao Analysis and Information Processing, 4, 177- ancient town using space syntax. Then, it is concluded that the integration and rea- 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jdaip.2016.44015 chability of street spaces are relatively higher in the northern ancient town; the ac- cessibility among street spaces is relatively higher in the northeastern ancient town; Received: October 31, 2016 and most of the ancient town street spaces are very open. Furthermore, the reacha- Accepted: November 21, 2016 bility of 14 view spots and their 4 corresponding street spaces is relatively higher in Published: November 24, 2016 the 20 view spots and their 9 corresponding street spaces. Finally, some suggestions Copyright © 2016 by authors and are presented to the tourism development of Pingyao ancient town based on the Scientific Research Publishing Inc. above conclusions. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International Keywords License (CC BY 4.0). -
Figure S1. Spatial Distribution of the Study Sites
Figure S1. Spatial distribution of the study sites Table S1. Site characteristics for the residents’ perceptions studies No. Site Researc (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) Reference h time 1 Wuhu Fangte Theme Park, AnHui 2007 3.44 3.51 3.65 2.55 3.72 2.92 ZhangChunhua et al. (2010) 2 Yellow Crane Tower, Hubei 2008 3.39 3.38 3.40 2.52 3.69 3.02 Chen Ting (2008) 3 Haimen, Jiangsu 2014 3.72 3.18 3.73 2.70 4.19 2.93 Zhu Mei, Wei Xiangdong. (2014) 4 Xidi village, AnHui 2002 3.46 3.39 3.75 2.66 3.90 3.02 Wang Li. (2004) 5 Hong village, AnHui 2002 3.47 3.69 3.72 2.66 3.90 3.69 Wang Li. (2004) 6 Dalian, Liaoning 2008 3.61 3.53 3.72 2.95 3.95 3.18 Wang Zhongfu. (2009) 7 Hongsha Village, Chengdu, Sichuan 2004 3.77 3.89 3.89 2.60 4.63 2.79 Ye Hong. (2007) 8 Yajiaying village, Hebei 2008 3.85 3.26 3.90 1.66 4.11 2.10 Feng Hongying, Zhao Jintao. (2009) 9 Hengjiangtun, Guangxi 2009 3.29 3.33 3.83 2.43 3.75 2.99 Zhang Jing. (2010) 10 Jiaodong village, Shandong 2013 3.76 3.91 3.49 2.20 3.90 2.93 Jia Yanju, Wang Degang. (2015) 11 Fang village, Urumqi, Xinjiang 2014 3.59 3.44 3.81 2.65 3.90 2.64 DingYu et al. (2015) 12 Gongcheng, Guangxi 2014 3.51 4.22 3.54 1.51 4.64 2.77 LiuYaping. -
Karst Landscapes of China: Patterns, Ecosystem Processes and Services
Landscape Ecol (2019) 34:2743–2763 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-019-00912-w (0123456789().,-volV)(0123456789().,-volV) REVIEW ARTICLE Karst landscapes of China: patterns, ecosystem processes and services Kelin Wang . Chunhua Zhang . Hongsong Chen . Yueming Yue . Wei Zhang . Mingyang Zhang . Xiangkun Qi . Zhiyong Fu Received: 24 April 2019 / Accepted: 23 September 2019 / Published online: 28 October 2019 Ó The Author(s) 2019 Abstract Methods We conducted a systematic literature Context The karst region of southwestern China, one review of science and land use policy to identify of the largest continuous karsts in the world, is known knowledge gaps and recommend future research and for its unique landscapes and rich biodiversity. This policy directions. region has suffered severe environmental degradation Results Karst landscapes have experienced rapid (e.g., vegetation cover loss, soil erosion and biodiver- turnover in recent decades due largely to the overlap of sity loss). In recent decades, Chinese governments at intense human activity on the fragile karst ecosystems. different levels have initiated several ecological Many studies have comprehensively examined programs (e.g., Green for Grain, Mountain Closure) hydrology, soil processes and ecosystem services to restore the degraded environment and to alleviate (ES) and their relationships with landscape pattern. poverty. Most of these studies have found that karst ecosystems Objectives This study summarizes landscape studies recover with improved ES. However, the importance of karst landscapes patterns, their dynamics and of epikarst in hydrological and soil processes, intense interactions among landscape pattern, hydrological anthropogenic disturbance and landscape heterogene- processes and ecosystem services (ES). ity in landscape models remains elusive. -
IUCN TECHNICAL EVALUATION MOUNT SANQINGSHAN NATIONAL PARK (CHINA) – ID No. 1292
WORLD HERITAGE NOMINATION – IUCN TECHNICAL EVALUATION MOUNT SANQINGSHAN NATIONAL PARK (CHINA) – ID No. 1292 1. DOCUMENTATION i) Date nomination received by IUCN: April 2007 ii) Additional information offi cially requested from and provided by the State Party: IUCN requested supplementary information on 14 November 2007 after the fi eld visit and on 19 December 2007 after the fi rst IUCN World Heritage Panel meeting. The fi rst State Party response was offi cially received by the World Heritage Centre on 6 December 2007, followed by two letters from the State Party to IUCN dated 25 January 2008 and 28 February 2008. iii) UNEP-WCMC Data Sheet: 11 references (including nomination document) iv) Additional literature consulted: Dingwall, P., Weighell, T. and Badman, T. (2005) Geological World Heritage: A Global Framework Strategy. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland; Hilton-Taylor, C. (compiler) (2006) IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland; IUCN (ed.) (2006) Enhancing the IUCN Evaluation Process of World Heritage Nominations: A Contribution to Achieving a Credible and Balanced World Heritage List. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland; Management Committee (2007) Abstract of the Master Plan of Mount Sanqingshan National Park. Mount Sanqingshan National Park; Management Committee (2007) Mount Sanqingshan International Symposium on Granite Geology and Landscapes. Mount Sanqingshan National Park; Migon, P. (2006) Granite Landscapes of the World. Oxford University Press; Migon, P. (2006) Sanqingshan – The Hidden Treasure of China. Available online; Peng, S.L., Liao, W.B., Wang, Y.Y. et al. (2007) Study on Biodiversity of Mount Sanqingshan in China. Science Press, Beijing; Shen, W. (2001) The System of Sacred Mountains in China and their Characteristics. -
Art of the Mountain
Wang Wusheng, Disciples of Buddha and Fairy Maiden Peak, taken at Peak Lying on the Clouds June 2004, 8 A.M. ART OF THE MOUNTAIN THROUGH THE CHINESE PHOTOGRAPHER’S LENS Organized by China Institute Gallery Curated by Willow Weilan Hai, Jerome Silbergeld, and Rong Jiang A traveling exhibition available through summer 2023 ART OF THE MOUNTAIN: THROUGH THE CHINESE PHOTOGRAPHER’S LENS Organized by China Institute Gallery Curated by Willow Weilan Hai, Jerome Silbergeld, and Rong Jiang A traveling exhibition available through summer 2023 In Chinese legend, mountains are the pillars that hold up the sky. Mountains were seen as places that nurture life. Their veneration took the form of rituals, retreat from social society, and aesthetic appreciation with a defining role in Chinese art and culture. Art of the Mountain will consist of three sections: Revered Mountains of China will introduce the geography, history, legends, and culture that are associated with Chinese mountains and will include photographs by Hou Heliang, Kang Songbai and Kang Liang, Li Daguang, Lin Maozhao, Li Xueliang, Lu Hao, Zhang Anlu, Xiao Chao, Yan Shi, Wang Jing, Zhang Jiaxuan, Zhang Huajie, and Zheng Congli. Landscape Aesthetics in Photography will present Wang Wusheng’s photography of Mount Huangshan, also known as Yellow Mountain, to reflect the renowned Chinese landscape painting aesthetic and its influence. New Landscape Photography includes the works of Hong Lei, Lin Ran, Lu Yanpeng, Shao Wenhuan, Taca Sui, Xiao Xuan’an, Yan Changjiang, Yang Yongliang, Yao Lu, Zeng Han, Gao Hui, and Feng Yan, who express their thoughts on the role of mountains in society. -
2 Days Leshan Giant Buddha and Mount Emei Tour
[email protected] +86-28-85593923 2 days Leshan Giant Buddha and Mount Emei tour https://windhorsetour.com/emei-leshan-tour/leshan-emei-2-day-tour Chengdu Mount Emei Leshan Chengdu A classic trip to Leshan and Mount Emei only takes 2 days. Leshan Grand Buddha is the biggest sitting Buddha in the world and Mount Emei is one of the four Buddhist Mountains in China. Type Private Duration 2 days Theme Culture and Heritage Trip code WS-302 From £ 214 per person £ 195 you save £ 19 (10%) Itinerary Mt.Emei lies in the southern area of Sichuan basin. It is one of the four sacred Buddhist Mountains in China. It is towering, beautiful, old and mysterious and is like a huge green screen standing in the southwest of the Chengdu Plain. Its main peak, the Golden Summit, is 3099 meters above the sea level, seemingly reaching the sky. Standing on the top of it, you can enjoy the snowy mountains in the west and the vast plain in the east. In addition in Golden Summit there are four spectacles: clouds sea, sunrise, Buddha rays and saint lamps. Leshan Grand Buddha is the biggest sitting Buddha in the world. It was begun to built in 713AD in Tang Dynasty, took more than 90 years to finish this huge statue. And it sits at Lingyue Mountain, at the Giant Buddha Cliff, you will find out a lot of stunning small buddha caves, you will be astonished by this human project. Leshan Grand Buddha and Mt.Emei both were enlisted in the world natural and cultural heritage by the UNESCO in 1996. -
9 Days World Heritages Sichuan Tour
[email protected] +86-28-85593923 9 days World heritages Sichuan tour https://windhorsetour.com/sichuan-highlights-tour/chengdu-emei-jiuzhaigou-tour Chengdu Dujiangyan Mount Emei Leshan Jiuzhaigou Huanglong Chengdu This tour takes you explore the top fantastic natural sceneries and precious cultural heritage in Sichuan. Enjoy the happy time with the adorable pandas in Chengdu, unspoiled natural world at Jiuzhaigou and more. Type Private Duration 9 days Theme Culture and Heritage, Natural scenery, Panda Trip code WS-201 From £ 1,197 per person £ 1,088 you save £ 109 (10%) Itinerary The Chinese often refer to Sichuan as the Heavenly Kingdom (Tian Fu Zhi Guo), a reference to the province's abundance in natural resources and cultural heritage. Sichuan boasts a lot of mountains, rivers and historic relics. UNESCO inscribed Jiuzhaigou, Hulong scenic area, Mount Emei with the Leshan Giant Buddha, and Mount Qingcheng-Dujiangyan Irrigation Project on the World Heritage List in 1992, 1996 and 2000 respectively. Day 01 : Chengdu airport pick up Chengdu airport pick up and transfer to your hotel. Have a good rest at the first day. Overnight at Chengdu. B=breakfast Day 02 : Chengdu city one day sightseeing (B) Morning around 07:30 - 08:00 to be met in your hotel lobby and head over to Chengdu Panda Breeding and Research Center, about half an hour drive. You will catch pandas' feeding time, breakfast they most active time of a day. Enjoy both adult and baby pandas as the gobble up fresh bamboo. Later then watch the film at Panda Story Cinema to learn about a pandas daily life, baby's birth, dating, mating and more. -
Copyrighted Material
INDEX Aodayixike Qingzhensi Baisha, 683–684 Abacus Museum (Linhai), (Ordaisnki Mosque; Baishui Tai (White Water 507 Kashgar), 334 Terraces), 692–693 Abakh Hoja Mosque (Xiang- Aolinpike Gongyuan (Olym- Baita (Chowan), 775 fei Mu; Kashgar), 333 pic Park; Beijing), 133–134 Bai Ta (White Dagoba) Abercrombie & Kent, 70 Apricot Altar (Xing Tan; Beijing, 134 Academic Travel Abroad, 67 Qufu), 380 Yangzhou, 414 Access America, 51 Aqua Spirit (Hong Kong), 601 Baiyang Gou (White Poplar Accommodations, 75–77 Arch Angel Antiques (Hong Gully), 325 best, 10–11 Kong), 596 Baiyun Guan (White Cloud Acrobatics Architecture, 27–29 Temple; Beijing), 132 Beijing, 144–145 Area and country codes, 806 Bama, 10, 632–638 Guilin, 622 The arts, 25–27 Bama Chang Shou Bo Wu Shanghai, 478 ATMs (automated teller Guan (Longevity Museum), Adventure and Wellness machines), 60, 74 634 Trips, 68 Bamboo Museum and Adventure Center, 70 Gardens (Anji), 491 AIDS, 63 ack Lakes, The (Shicha Hai; Bamboo Temple (Qiongzhu Air pollution, 31 B Beijing), 91 Si; Kunming), 658 Air travel, 51–54 accommodations, 106–108 Bangchui Dao (Dalian), 190 Aitiga’er Qingzhen Si (Idkah bars, 147 Banpo Bowuguan (Banpo Mosque; Kashgar), 333 restaurants, 117–120 Neolithic Village; Xi’an), Ali (Shiquan He), 331 walking tour, 137–140 279 Alien Travel Permit (ATP), 780 Ba Da Guan (Eight Passes; Baoding Shan (Dazu), 727, Altitude sickness, 63, 761 Qingdao), 389 728 Amchog (A’muquhu), 297 Bagua Ting (Pavilion of the Baofeng Hu (Baofeng Lake), American Express, emergency Eight Trigrams; Chengdu), 754 check -
Spatialpropertiesof Chinesehistorictownsusingspacesyntax
COMPUTATIONALLY MAPPING SPATIAL PROPERTIES OF CHINESE HISTORIC TOWNS USING SPACE SYNTAX PAN LIAO1, NING GU2, CHRIS BRISBIN3, MATTHEW ROFE4 and SAHAR SOLTANI5 1,2,3,4,5School of Art, Architecture and Design, University of South Australia 1,5{pan.liao|sahar.soltani}@mymail.unisa.edu.au 2,3,4{ning.gu| chris.brisbin|matthew.rofe}@unisa.edu.au Abstract. Due to its geographic size and long cultural history of fluctuating borders, China has a large number of historic settlements; each with their own unique geometric, cultural, social, and spatial characteristics. Despite the various studies that have attempted to qualitatively describe the spatial properties of historic towns, there are limited attempts to understand the spatial qualities of these towns through a quantitative approach, such as space syntax. This paper proposes and demonstrates a computational approach based on space syntax to map spatial properties of these towns. Four spatial features are examined and evaluated to capture the spatial patterns of Chinese historic towns: (1) axiality, (2) curvature, (3) intelligibility, and (4) synergy. The approach has been applied to four typical towns in China: Pingyao, Lijiang, Kulangsu, and Wuzhen. This computational approach provides a new way to complement existing qualitative measures of understanding the urban form and use of historic towns, providing a powerful tool to support the development of policy affecting historic town design/planning, heritage conservation, and heritage tourism. Keywords. Chinese historic towns; spatial properties; space syntax. 1. Introduction ”[S]pace is not a background to human activity, but intrinsic to it ... space is first and foremost configurational.” (Hillier, 2014) Historic towns present a precious legacy for contemporary society that embodies how humans use the spaces enveloped within human settlements. -
English / French
World Heritage 38 COM WHC-14/38.COM/8B Paris, 30 April 2014 Original: English / French UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION CONVENTION CONCERNING THE PROTECTION OF THE WORLD CULTURAL AND NATURAL HERITAGE WORLD HERITAGE COMMITTEE Thirty-eighth session Doha, Qatar 15 – 25 June 2014 Item 8 of the Provisional Agenda: Establishment of the World Heritage List and of the List of World Heritage in Danger 8B. Nominations to the World Heritage List SUMMARY This document presents the nominations to be examined by the Committee at its 38th session (Doha, 2014). It is divided into four sections: I Changes to names of properties inscribed on the World Heritage List II Examination of nominations of natural, mixed and cultural properties to the World Heritage List III Statements of Outstanding Universal Value of the three properties inscribed at the 37th session (Phnom Penh, 2013) and not adopted by the World Heritage Committee IV Record of the physical attributes of each property being discussed at the 38th session The document presents for each nomination the proposed Draft Decision based on the recommendations of the appropriate Advisory Body(ies) as included in WHC-14/38.COM/INF.8B1 and WHC-14/38.COM/INF.8B2 and it provides a record of the physical attributes of each property being discussed at the 38th session. The information is presented in two parts: • a table of the total surface area of each property and any buffer zone proposed, together with the geographic coordinates of each site's approximate centre point; and • a set of separate tables presenting the component parts of each of the 16 proposed serial properties. -
Sustainability of the Karst Environment Dinaric Karst and Other Karst Regions
The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout the publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or the delineation of its frontiers or boundaries. Published in 2010 by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 7, place de Fontenoy, 75352 Paris 07 SP Printed by UNESCO © UNESCO 2010 IHP-VII/2010/GW-2 SUSTAINABILITY OF THE KARST ENVIRONMENT DINARIC KARST AND OTHER KARST REGIONS International Interdisciplinary Scientific Conference (Plitvice Lakes, Croatia, 23-26 September 2009) Convened and Organised by: Centre for Karst (Gospi, Croatia) International Scientific Committee Ognjen Bonacci (Croatia), Chairman Franci Gabrovšek (Slovenia) Mladen Jurai (Croatia) Božidar Biondi (Croatia) Wolfgang Dreybrodt (Germany) Arthur Palmer (USA) Derek C. Ford (Canada) David Culver (USA) Andrej Mihevc (Slovenia) Jacques Mudry (France) Daoxian Yuan (China) Nico Goldscheider (Switzerland, Germany) Zoran Stevanovi (Serbia) Mario Parise (Italy) Hans Zojer (Austria) Elery Hamilton - Smith (Australia) Neven Kreši (USA) Bartolomé Andreo (Spain) Local Organizing Committee Jadranka Pejnovi, Chair Željko Župan, Secretary Ivo Lui Neven Boi Aleksandar Luki Ljudevit Tropan Dubravka Kljajo Krešimir ulinovi Ivica Tomljenovi Foreword The objective of the international interdisciplinary scientific conference “Sustainability of the karst environment - Dinaric karst and other karst regions”, organized by Centre for Karst, Gospi, Croatia, was to give a theoretical and practical contribution to the concept of sustainable development in karst regions, with a special emphasis on the experiences achieved in the Dinaric karst region. The exchange of information and findings obtained in other karst regions worldwide allows for an integral approach to this complex issue, and thereby contribute towards finding reliable solutions. -
JIUZHAIGOU Huanglong Leshan Mt Emei 九寨沟黄龙乐山峨眉
8D 天 7N 晚 JIUZHAIGOU Huanglong Leshan Mt Emei 九寨沟黄龙乐山峨眉 THE ATTRACTIONS 精华景点 Jiuzhai Valley National Park | Huanglong | Jinding | Dujiangyan 九寨沟风景区 | 黄龙风景区 | 峨眉山金顶 | 都江堰风景区 PREMIUM HOTELS 优质酒店 UPGRADE 1N International 5⭐ Hotel 提升 1 晚国际五⭐酒店 | 提升 4 晚当地五⭐店 | UPGRADE 4N Local 5⭐ Hotel LOCAL SPECIALTIES 特色美食 Leshan Tofu Feast | Panda Stall Snacks | Three Kingdom 樂山豆腐宴 | 熊貓掌櫃小吃 | 三國烤肉自助餐 Barbecue | Chonghwa Ancient Chen Mapo Sichuan Restaurant 中華老字號陳麻婆川菜館 HOTELS & MEALS 酒店住宿 & 美食 DAY Breakfast Lunch Dinner City 天数 早餐 午餐 晚餐 城市 4★ Hotel or Similar (7 Breakfast 早 | 7 Lunch 午 | 7 Dinner 晚) 4★酒店或同级 1 - - ✈ Chengdu 4★ Holiday Inn Hotel 成都 4★智选假日假日酒店 2 Hotel Hurricane Feast Wild Mushroom Feast Jiuzhaigou UPGRADE 5★ 酒店 羌风宴 野菌风味宴 九寨沟 New Jiuzhai Hotel 3 Hotel Norirang Restaurant Tibetan Cuisine 提升 5★新九寨宾馆 酒店 诺日朗餐厅 藏式风味 4 Hotel ✔ Ancient Cuisine Dujiangyan 4★ Holiday Inn Hotel 酒店 古城风味 都江堰 4★智选假日假日酒店 5 Hotel Leshan Tofu Feast Mt Email Cuisine Mt Emei UPGARDE 5★Hengmai Hotel 酒店 乐山豆腐宴 峨眉风味 峨眉 提升 5★恒迈酒店 6 Hotel Mt Emei Vegetarian Sichuan Specialties 酒店 峨眉素宴 川菜特色餐 7 Hotel ✔ Duo Hot Pot Chengdu UPGRADE International 5★ Crown Plaza Hotel 酒店 鸳鸯火锅 成都 提升 国际 5★保利皇冠假日酒店 8 Hotel Chonghwa Ancient Chen Mapo Three Kingdoms Barbecue - - 酒店 Sichuan Restaurant 三國烤肉自助餐 中華老字號陳麻婆川菜館 DAY 1 | KUALA LUMPUR CHENGDU Take a flight to Chengdu,the provincial capital of Sichuan Province in southwest China. DAY 2 | CHENGDU(7HOUR OF ROAD JOURNEY)JIUZHAIGOU 【512 Earthquake Ruins】The ruins of the Xuankou Middle School in Yingxiu Town saw the shock of the heart, the tears flowing down, and the destructive power of nature was endless.(Out View) 【Diexi Lake】The mainstream section of the Lancang River is the dammed lake formed by the earthquake.