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EMBASSY of INDIA 6, Munsudong, District Daedonggang, Pyongyang, DPR Korea EMBASSY OF INDIA 6, Munsudong, District Daedonggang, Pyongyang, DPR Korea Tel: 00-850-2-3817215; Fax: 00-850-2-3817619 E-Mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] COUNTRY BRIEF: DPR OF KOREA I - BASIC FACTS Official Name: Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (Chosŏn Minjujuŭi Inmin Konghwaguk) Capital: Pyongyang Area: 120,410 sq. km. (47,000 sq. mi.), slightly smaller than the size of Tamil Nadu Terrain: About 80% of North Korea's terrain consists of moderately high mountain ranges and partially forested mountains and hills separated by deep, narrow valleys and small, cultivated plains. The most rugged areas are the north and east coasts. Good harbors are found on the eastern coast. Pyongyang, the capital, near the country's west coast, is located on the Taedong River. Climate: Long, cold, dry winters; short, hot, humid, summers. Provinces (with capitals): 9 provinces: Chagang (Kanggye), North Hamgyong (Chongjin), South Hamgyong (Hamhung), North Hwanghae (Sariwon), South Hwanghae (Haeju), Kangwon (Wonsan), North P'yongan (Sinuiju), South P'yongan (Pyongsong), Yanggang (Hyesan) Province-level Pyongyang, Kaesong, Chongjin, Nampo municipalities: Free trade zones: Sinuiju (Non functional) and Kaesong (mostly operated by South Korean Companies engaging North Korea’s labour forces) Other cities: Hamhung, Chongjin, Wonsan, Nampo, and Kaesong Population (2007): 22.3 million (Estimate) Currency: Won Rate of Exchange: US Dollar 1 = Won 175 approx. Language: Korean Latitude/Longitude and time Latitude: 39° 00’ North zone: Longitude: 125° 47’ East Standard time Zone: GMT + 9 hours Government type: Centralised Government under the rigid control of communist Korean Workers’ Party (WKP), to which all the government officials belong. There are a few minor political parties-the Korean Social Democratic Party and the Chondoist Chongu Party, but these are only in name. Kim Il Sung - 2 - ruled DPRK from 1948 until his death in July 1994. Kim served both as Secretary General of the KWP and as President of North Korea. Little is known about the actual lines of power and authority in the DPRK’s Government despite the formal structure set forth in the constitution. Following the death of Kim Il Sung, his son-Kim Jong Il – inherited supreme power. Kim Jong Il was named General Secretary of the Workers’ Party in 1997 and in September 1998; the Supreme People’s Assembly (SPA) reconfirmed Kim Jong Il as Chairman of the National Defence Commission and declared that position as the “Highest Office of State” He did not assume the post of President as a respect for his late father who lay in state. However, the President of the Presidium of the National Assembly, Kim Yong Nam serves as the nominal Head of State. Constitution: North Korean‘s constitution of 1948; 1972, was revised in 1992 and 1998 Legislature: Supreme People's Assembly (SPA) is the highest organ of state power. Its members are elected every four years. Usually, only two meetings are held annually, each lasting a few days. A standing committee elected by the SPA performs legislative functions when the Assembly is not in session. In reality, the Assembly serves only to ratify decisions made by the ruling KWP. Judiciary: Supreme Court, provincial, city, county, and military courts and judiciary is accountable to the SPA and the President. The SPA’s standing committee also appoints judges to the highest court for four year terms that concurrent with those of the Assembly. Political party: Korean Workers' Party (communist) Head of State: Marshal Kim Jong Il, General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea, Chairman of the National Defence Commission, and Supreme Commander of the Korean People's Army Head of Government: Mr. Kim Youg Il, Premier of the Cabinet of DPRK Minister of Foreign Affairs: Mr. Pak Ui Chun Minister of People’s Armed Vice Marshal Kim Il Chol Forces: Minister of Public Security: Gen. Ju Sang-song Minister of Finance: Mr. Mun Il Bong Minister of Commerce: Mr. Ri Yong Son Central Bank: Foreign Trade Bank of DPRK, Pyongyang Basic policies: Songun Policy stressing pre-eminence of the Army Membership of major ARF, FAO, G-77, ICAO, ICRM, IFAD, IFRCS, IHO, multilateral and regional IMO, IOC, ISO, ITU, NAM, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, organization: UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO - 3 - Agricultural Products: Rice, corn, potatoes, soybeans, pulses; cattle, pigs, eggs Mining and manufacturing: Military products; machine building, electric power, chemicals; textiles, food processing, mining (coal, iron ore, etc.), metallurgy; Trade: Exports: 947 million (2006): minerals, metallurgical products, manufactures (including armaments); textiles and fishery products Imports: 2 billion (2006): petroleum, coking coal, machinery and equipment; textiles, grain Major trading partners: China 60%, Thailand 12.5%, Russia 4.9% (2006). These countries are followed by the EU and Japan and India. Major Kim Il Sung University, Kim Il Sung Political Universities/Scientific College, University of National Economy, Kumsong Institutions: University of Politics, Pyongng University of Fine Arts, Kim Jong Suk University of Education; Academy of Sciences, General Federation of Science and Technology of Korea, General Federation of Industrial Technology of Korea, Korea Computer Center, Major Tourist Attractions: Mountaineering, taekwondo traditional martial arts; mud (spa) treatment; traditional Korean medical treatment (acupuncture etc.), scenic beauty of the country Major Art forms/Cultural Traditional music similar to Japanese and Chinese traditions and with an emphasis on strings; stately Chongak and venues/museums, etc.: folksier minsogak two main forms; Folk dances: drum dances (mugo), mask dances (talchum), monk dances (seungmu) and spirit- cleansing dances (salpuri); Traditional society based on tenets of Confucianism Media: News Agency: Korean Central News Agency; Newspapers: Pyongyang Times, Rodong Sinmun (Labour Daily), Minju Joson (Democratic Korea), Pyongyang Sinmun; Korea Today Radio: Korean Central Broadcasting Station, TV Station: Korean Central TV, Mansudae TV, Voice of Korea EXIM FIGURES OF DPRK (in US $ Million) Year Export Import Total 2000 556 1413 1969 2001 650 1620 2270 2002 736 1524 2260 2003 777 1614 2391 - 4 - 2004 1018 1820 2838 2005 998 1960 2958 2006 947 2000 2947 China remains the number 1 trading partner of DPRK accounting for 56.7% of its total trade. China was followed by Thailand, the European Union, Russia and Japan. The trade by these countries including China covers 90% of DPRK’s total trade. Thailand accounts for 12.5% of DPRK’s total trade. North Korea’s trade with the EU and Japan dropped sharply in 2006. Missile and nuclear tests interfered with North Korea Trade in 2006. North Korea’s exports to Japan dropped by 41% while imports from Japan dropped by 30%. The trade with the EU went down by 23% in export and 18 percent in imports. The above statistics do not include the trade between the two Koreas, which reached $ 1.3 billion in 2006, a 28% increase in 2005. The South Korea exported $ 830.1 Million and imported $ 519.5 million from North Korea in 2006. II - INDIA-DPR KOREA RELATIONS Events/facts of particular historical and cultural significance in relations between India and that country, including date of establishment of diplomatic relations According to legends, King Kim Suro of the ancient Kaya Kingdom in Korea married with Ayodiya’s Princess of India way back in A.D. 45; Buddhism was introduced to Korea in the early centuries of A.D. to become the state religion of the Paekje Kingdom; On April 2, 1929, India’s great poet, Rabindranath Tagore, wrote: “In the golden age of Asia, “Korea was one of its lamp bearers, and “that lamp is waiting to be lighted once again “for the illumination in the East.” India was appointed as Chairman of the 9-member UN Commission to hold elections in Korea in 1947; After the Korean war of 1950-53, India played an important role as the Chairman of the NNRC (Neutral Nations Repatriation Commission); Consular relations with DPRK were set up on March 1, 1962; and The diplomatic relations between the two countries were established on December 10, 1973 Political Relations Relations between India and DPRK have been generally characterised by friendship, cooperation and understanding. As members of the Non-Aligned Movement, there is a commonality of views between the two on many international issues, e.g. Disarmament, South-South Cooperation, etc. Both sides continue to work closely at international fora and support each other on various issues of bilateral and international interests. India had welcomed the South-North Joint Declaration of June 15, 2000 and favours reduction of tension in the Korean peninsula and reunification of the two Koreas through peaceful means and through direct dialogue between them. India and DPRK have been cooperating in the UN and other international organizations. Regular and meaningful exchange of views on - 5 - bilateral issues of mutual interest and concern, were conducted through mechanism of FOC. The last FOC was held in New Delhi in May 2007. India was represented by Secretary (East) and DPRK side by Vice Foreign Minister of DPRK, Kim Young Il. Important Bilateral Treaties and Agreements with brief notes i) Agreement between DPRK and India on co-operation in the field of Science and Technology signed on 8.5.1991 (initially valid for 5 years initially valid for 5 years unless decided for its termination by any of the parties). A Protocol was to be signed later for implementation of the agreement, which has not been done so far. ii) Agreement on Scientific Cooperation between State Academy of DPRK and Indian National Science Academy signed on 14.6.1994 (initially valid for two years and then to be automatically to be extended to five years if not terminated by either of the parties). iii) Protocol on Cooperation between the Ministry of External Affairs of India and Ministry of Foreign Affairs of DPRK signed on 17.2.1998 (initially valid for five years and then to be automatically extended for a further period of five years unless decided for its termination by any of the parties).
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