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1 Bibliography Primary Sources the Apache Sentinel. 1 Bibliography Primary Sources The Apache Sentinel. "New Training Films Enlisted Men and Women Learn 16 M.M Projectionist Methods." The Apache Sentinel (Fort Huachuca, AZ), August 11, 1944, 5. ​ ​ Accessed January 17, 2021. https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn95060813/1944-08-11/ed-1/seq-5/#date1=1940 &sort=date2=1963&words=Private+SNAFU &language=&sequence=0&lccn=&index=2&state=&rows=20&ortext=&proxtext=privat e+snafu&year=&phrasetext=&andtext=&proxValue=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page =1. There was only a brief mention of Private Snafu in a short snippet about Military training films from the newspaper The Apache Sentinel. Although it wasn't useful in terms of learning more information about the topic it was interesting to see how widespread Private Snafu spread, mentioned in newspapers across the world. "The Complete, Uncensored Private Snafu Cartoons from World War II. Volume 2." U.S. National Library of Medicine. Accessed December 13, 2020. https://collections.nlm.nih.gov/catalog/nlm:nlmuid-100960018-vid. This source provided an archive of the complete, uncensored volumes of Private snafu. This was an extremely important source to our research because watching the completely unfiltered videos was important for our research. Being able to watch what the soldiers watched in WWll was incredibly eye-opening and gave us a better understanding of how it taught soldiers to act in war. Coons, Robbin. "New Army Cartoon." The Nome Nugget (Nome, AK), February 14, 1944, 4. ​ ​ Accessed January 17, 2021. https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84020662/1944-02-14/ed-1/seq-4/#date1=1940 &index=0&rows=20&words=Private+Snafu&searchType=basic sequence=0&state=date2=1963&proxtext=private+snafu y=4&x=14&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1. Chronically America, a newspaper archive, has been an extremely useful source throughout the entirety of our research. On the site, we found this primary source newspaper from 1944, The Nome Nugget, a newspaper from Nome Alaska had an article about Private Snafu. The article explains what the cartoon is and who Private Snafu is, one line stuck out in the article reading "Snafu is a Military secret." This led us to the question if Snafu is a secret, why is a local newspaper of a small town in Alaska publishing an article about it? Unfortunately, the article included no further explanation as to how they knew about Private Snafu. Fischer, Meredith. "Capturing the Animated Soldier." Studies in Popular Culture 41, no. 1 ​ ​ (2018): 94-127. https://doi.org/10.2307/26582198. This website provided a section of a journal written about Private snafu, which was issued in Studies in Popular Culture. Providing a brief description, author Meredith Fischer wrote about propaganda and other aspects of snafu. Throughout the entirety of 2 the journal, she writes about what the Private snafu cartoon was as well as how it was used. Meredith Fischer may be a possible interview candidate. "GAS." Directed by Chuck Jones. GAS. 1944. Accessed November 28, 2020. ​ ​ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QKYtiQ5WMSY&feature=emb_logo. In this 4:34 film in the series of SNAFU cartoons, SNAFU learns a lesson about using a gas mask. This film brings the past to life because you get to visualize how things were during war and before all the new technologies and the different ways they communicated lessons like using a gas mask when needed and different tips and tricks on how to be a successful military man. King, Gilbert. "The Boy Who Became a World War II Veteran at 13 Years Old." Smithsonianmag.com. Last modified December 19, 2012. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-boy-who-became-a-world-war-ii-veteran-a t-13-years-old-168104583/. This source specifically covers a soldier named Seaman Calvin Graham who became a war veteran at 13. The story of young Graham, only age 11, lied about his age to fight in WWll, his family back home unknowing of what he did. Once his mother found out she reported him to the Navy. His story was uncommon; many boys between the ages of 11 and 16 lied about their age to fight in WWll. Reading about a boy's story was important to understand why they lied about their age to fight. Popova, Maria. "Dr. Seuss's World War II Political Propaganda Cartoons." Brainpickings. https://www.brainpickings.org/2012/08/10/dr-seusss-wartime-propaganda-cartoons/. This article from Brainpickings was informative on Dr. Sues's World War II cartoons and Private Snafu. Many other sources we found either had little mention of Dr. Sues in World War ll or no mention of it at all. Due to Dr. Seuss being well known for his children's books and rhymes uncovering information on his life before then has its difficulties. Although this source is not primary it is a step in right direction. SALLA, KEENAN. Private Snafu: What Can a Cartoon Tell Us About the U.S. Military in ​ World War II? 2014. ​ https://psource.sitehost.iu.edu/PDF/Archive%20Articles/Spring2014/2014%20-%20Sprin g%20-%201%20-%20Salla%20Keenan.pdf. This read was super informing and over filling with information. It opened our eyes and went into depth about the The Origin of Private Snafu, Snafu's Mission, Snafu as the Every soldier and Snafu's Legacy. Each one of these things held a strong impact in the before and after which was very useful and interesting to learn. Smoodin, Eric Loren. "Animating Culture ; Hollywood Cartoons from the Sound Era," translated by Eric Loren Smoodin. In Animating Culture: Hollywood Cartoons from the Sound Era. ​ ​ New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1993. " Smoodin explores animated shorts and the system that mass-produced them. How were cartoons exhibited in theaters? How did they tell their stories? Who did they tell them to? What did they say about race, class, and gender? How were cartoons related to the feature films they accompanied on the evening's bill of fare? " This was interesting 3 because those questions were implied to almost everything Smoodin came across and I see it as that is what help shaped American TV. Secondary Sources Albrecht, Brian. "Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Hitting World War II Vets" [Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Hitting World War II Vets]. Cleveland.com. Last modified July 16, 2009. ​ ​ Accessed January 11, 2021. https://www.cleveland.com/metro/2009/07/posttraumatic_stress_disorder.html. BBC Magazine. "The Boys Who Lied about Their Age to Fight in WW2." History Extra.com. Last modified July 2014. https://www.historyextra.com/period/second-world-war/boys-who-lied-about-age-to-figh t-ww2-teenage-soldiers/. This source covered the boys who lied about their age in WWll allowing them to fight, including many pictures of the boys as well as links to their stories as well. This aided in our overall understanding of the boys fighting in WWii and why having something like snafu was important because they were so young and inexperienced. Reading about their experiences was both eye-opening and heartbreaking, conditions were rough for these young men. Learning to adapt quickly was necessary for survival, many of them became tough and accustomed to death, it was an everyday thing for them. They were forced to grow up fast. Blakemore, Erin. "How PTSD Went from 'shell-shock' to a Recognized Medical Diagnosis" [How PTSD Went from 'shell-shock' to a Recognized Medical Diagnosis]. National Geographic. Last modified June 16, 2020. Accessed January 11, 2021. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/2020/06/ptsd-shell-shock-to-recognized-me dical-diagnosis/. Broudy, M. S. "WWII and Its Impact on Psychology" [WWII and Its Impact on Psychology]. Online Psychology. Last modified September 2019. Accessed January 21, 2021. https://www.cleveland.com/metro/2009/07/posttraumatic_stress_disorder.html. Crow, Jonathan. "Private Snafu : The World War II Propaganda Cartoons Created by Dr. Seuss, Frank Capra & Mel Blanc." Open Culture. Last modified February 10, 2014. Accessed November 29, 2020. https://www.openculture.com/2014/02/private-snafu.html. This website is full of information that will get you more familiar with SNAFU and help understand the whole process and idea of the cartoons. This was found very useful because for the start of our research it really helps and going into debt with useful information that will expand our knowledge and research work. It also provides SNAFU cartoons footage to watch. 4 The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. "Dr. Seuss American Author and Illustrator." Britanica.com. Last modified December 17, 2020. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Dr-Seuss. In order to better familiarize ourselves with Theodor Seuss Geisel (Dr. Seuss), we read through this biography specifically focusing on his earlier or young adult life because that was around the time he started working on Private Snafu. In the biography, there was a specific section dedicated to his World War ll experiences mentioning a documentary he was assigned to. Interestingly there was no mention of his work on Private Snafu, finding a different biography or better yet autobiography might include more in-depth information on that part of his life. Goodman, Martin. "Toons in Training." Animation World Network. Last modified November 1, 1999. Accessed January 23, 2021. https://www.awn.com/animationworld/toons-training. " Martin "Dr. Toon" Goodman discusses how animated short films have been used for educational purposes, from helping to fight WWI, WWII and the Cold War, to today's medical advancements." This was a very interesting find because it helps you visualize how long cartoons have been around and the impact they have had and how much the entertainment world has grown and continues to grow. Green, Richard. "Uncle Sam-I-Am: Dr.
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