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BES 2019 – Equitable and Sustainable Well-Being in Italy

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BES 2019 – Equitable and Sustainable Well-Being in Italy Istat Istituto Nazionale di Statistica � e S 2 lSllg EQUITABLE AND SUSTAINABLE WELL-BEING IN ITALY Health Education and training Work and life balance Economic well-being Social relationships Politics and institutions Safety Subjective well-being Landscape and cultural heritage Environment Innovation, Research and Creativity Quality of services 2 Rapporto sulla competitività Istat Istituto Nazionale di Statistica � e S 2 lSllg EQUITABLE AND SUSTAINABLE WELL-BEING IN ITALY Health Education and training Work and life balance Economic well-being Social relationships Politics and institutions Safety Subjective well-being Landscape and cultural heritage Environment Innovation, Research and Creativity Quality of services 2019 EQUITABLE AND SUSTAINABLE WELL-BEING IN ITALY ISBN 978-88-458-2017-5 © 2020 Istituto nazionale di statistica Via Cesare Balbo, 16 - Roma Unless otherwise stated, content on this website is licensed under a Creative Commons License - Attribution - 3.0. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/it/ Data and analysis from the Italian National Institute of Statistics can be copied, distributed, transmitted and freely adapted, even for commercial purposes, provided that the source is acknowledged. No permission is necessary to hyperlink to pages on this website. Images, logos (including Istat logo), trademarks and other content owned by third parties belong to their respective owners and cannot be reproduced without their consent. Capitolo 1 3 INDEX Pag. Foreword 5 Warnings 7 Overview of equitable and sustainable well-being 9 1. Health 19 2. Education and training 31 3. Work and life balance 45 4. Economic well-being 59 5. Social relationships 71 6. Politics and institutions 87 7. Safety 99 8. Subjective well-being 111 9. Landscape and cultural heritage 125 10. Environment 143 11. Innovation, Research and Creativity 163 12. Quality of services 177 ► A multidimensional analysis of youth well-being 189 ► Analysis of determinants of life satisfaction 197 Regional fact sheets 207 5 Foreword Now in its seventh edition, the Bes Report proceeds from a permanent work of updating, analyzing as well as disseminating indicators on equitable and sustainable well-being. As usual, the Report has been conceived as a set of tools to help both collective and individual choices – at the national and local level – to be designed to foster well-being in all its mul- tiple dimensions. At all government levels, evidence-based and transparent decisions in the processes of both ex-ante and ex-post policy monitoring and evaluation have increasingly gained mo- mentum. In this perspective, a few years back the Italian legislator established that selected indicators of equitable and sustainable well-being were to be included among the planning and evaluation instruments of national economic policy. These indicators are now regularly published in a dedicated annex to the Economic and Financial Document. This practice makes Italy a pioneering country as far as the adoption of a Beyond GDP policy-evaluation approach is concerned. At the same time, the progressive growth in the autonomy and responsibility of local autho- rities in our country requires an increasing ability to describe and monitor our territories. This calls for our statistical information to be increasingly capable of representing hetero- geneous contexts, supporting the decision-making processes of local administrators and providing citizens with information apt to sustain their active part in the growth of their communities. This is why Istat is particularly committed to release data with a high territo- rial detail. We invest on methodology and thematic research in order for these statistical de- tails to be so flexible as to enable us to produce “variable-geometry” territorial information. Going beyond conventional administrative borders and adopting functionally-defined areas will make it indeed technically possible for us to design, each time, an ad hoc geographical perimeter, depending on the specific topic of interest. Refining the territorial representativeness of statistical indicators – especially those cove- ring income and poverty – is a shared priority also at the EU level. Thematic and metho- dological innovation greatly benefits from the activity of the existing international research networks. Istat is an active partner in various projects, and is carrying out, together with other NSIs and European Universities, the project MAKSWELL (MAKing Sustainable deve- lopment and WELL-being frameworks work for policy analysis). MAKSWELL has already produced results in this specific field. Another relevant international project about well- being is GROWINPRO (GRowth, Welfare, INnovation, PROductivity): an international con- sortium, involving prestigious European universities, Istat and other NSIs, with the task of studying the determinants of sustainable and inclusive economic growth. The strong synergy between the academic world and public statistical institutions arises from the common goal of providing, in addition to quantitative information, also visions and analyses apt to decipher an increasingly complex socio-economic reality. The outcomes of such an endeavor are visible in the publications of Istat, which - in addition to describing phenomena - are progressively oriented to propose ways of “understanding” them. The Bes Report is a perfect example of this philosophy. Consistent with this approach, in this seventh edition of the Bes Report we have strengthe- ned the analytical approach to measure how the selected well-being domains have evolved over time. We also have extended our territorial analysis, thereby including performan- ce measures based upon the regional distribution of indicators. Whenever possible, we integrated gender-, age- and geographically-based analysis with data by educational at- tainment, in order to better describe how different population groups do differ in their well- being outcomes. The Report finally benefits from the analysis carried out in two special 2019 6 sections of cross-cutting nature, which, respectively, focus on the well-being of the young segment of the population, and on the relationship between subjective well-being and other individual and context indicators. To conclude, it is important to remember that national well-being goals represent an es- sential part in the process of achieving the Global Sustainable Development Goals, which accompany the 2030 UN Agenda. In this integrated perspective, and given the natural over- lapping of these two frameworks, while publishing the Bes Report, Istat also releases an updated version of the SDGs indicators for Italy. My wish is that this Report, and more generally all the activities carried out by Istat, may contribute to a better understanding of the complex and fast-changing world that surroun- ds us, thereby allowing the design and implementation of good, evidence-based, sustaina- ble and equitable, public policies. The President of Istat Gian Carlo Blangiardo 7 Warnings CONVENTIONAL SIGNS The following conventional signs are used in the statistical tables: Dash (-) a) the phenomenon does not exist; b) the phenomemon exists and is detected but there have been no cases. Four dots (....) the phenomenon exists, but data are not known for whatever reason. Double dot (..) for numbers not reaching half the figure for the minimum order considered. Asterisk (*) data obscured for the protection of statistical confidentiality. PERCENTAGE COMPOSITIONS The percentage compositions are rounded to the first decimal place. The sum of the percentage values calculated in this way may not be equal to 100. GEPGRAPHIC AREAS North North-west Piemonte, Valle d’Aosta/Vallée d’Aoste, Lombardia, Liguria North-east Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, Veneto, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Emilia-Romagna Centre Toscana, Umbria, Marche, Lazio South and Islands South Abruzzo, Molise, Campania, Puglia, Basilicata, Calabria Islands Sicilia, Sardegna 9 Overview of equitable and sustainable well-being1 1. Introduction The Bes Report, now in its seventh edition, includes information and analysis on the evo- lution of Equitable and Sustainable Well-being indicators. The Bes experience carried out by Istat is strengthened by the growing attention, at European level, to the improvement of the territorial representativeness of indicators on income and poverty2, the analysis of the determinants of sustainable and inclusive economic growth3 and the review of the system of indicators also launched by the OECD within the framework How’s life?. At the national level, the interaction with the Ministry of Economy and Finance on the use of well-being indicators as targets for economic policy measures continues, as envisaged by the Budget Law, making Italy one of the most advanced countries in adopting a beyond- GDP approach to policy evaluation. In this issue of the Report, the analytical approach used to study the evolution of the various well-being domains has been strengthened, through the overall assessment of the changes recorded among the indicators by geographic area, both in comparison with the previous year and, from a medium-term perspective, with respect to 2010 (Section 2.1). In this way, it is possible to obtain first and immediate sum- mary measures, also by domain. The territorial analyses included in the 12 domain chap- ters are also extended by considering performance measures based on the distribution of indicators by region (par. 2.2).4 The analysis of indicators by region, gender and age group was complemented,
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