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Identification of Water-Quality Trends Using Sediment Cores from Dillon Reservoir, Summit County, Colorado

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Identification of Water-Quality Trends Using Sediment Cores from Dillon Reservoir, Summit County, Colorado NATIONAL WATER-QUALITY ASSESSMENT PROGRAM Identification of Water-Quality Trends Using Sediment Cores from Dillon Reservoir, Summit County, Colorado Water-Resources Investigations Report 01–4022 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Upper cover photograph: Dillon Reservoir, August 1997. Lower left cover photograph: Pontoon boat used for the sediment-core sampling on Dillon Reservoir. Lower right cover photograph: Two sediment-core samples from Dillon Reservoir held in acrylic liners prior to processing. Identification of Water-Quality Trends Using Sediment Cores from Dillon Reservoir, Summit County, Colorado By Adrienne I. Greve, Norman E. Spahr, Peter C. Van Metre, and Jennifer T. Wilson U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Water-Resources Investigations Report 01–4022 NATIONAL WATER-QUALITY ASSESSMENT PROGRAM Denver, Colorado 2001 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GALE A. NORTON, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Charles G. Groat, Director The use of firm, trade, and brand names in this report is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey. For additional information write to: Copies of this report can be purchased from: District Chief U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Geological Survey Information Services Box 25046, Mail Stop 415 Box 25286 Denver Federal Center Federal Center Denver, CO 80225–0046 Denver, CO 80225 FOREWORD The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is committed Each assessment is guided by a nationally consis- to serve the Nation with accurate and timely scientific tent study design and methods of sampling and analy- information that helps enhance and protect the overall sis. The assessments thereby build local knowledge quality of life, and facilitates effective management about water-quality issues and trends in a particular of water, biological, energy, and mineral resources. stream or aquifer while providing an understanding (http://www.usgs.gov/). Information on the quality of how and why water quality varies regionally and of the Nation’s water resources is of critical interest to nationally. The consistent, multi-scale approach helps the USGS because it is so integrally linked to the long- to determine if certain types of water-quality issues are term availability of water that is clean and safe for isolated or pervasive, and allows direct comparisons of drinking and recreation and that is suitable for indus- how human activities and natural processes affect try, irrigation, and habitat for fish and wildlife. Esca- water quality and ecological health in the Nation’s lating population growth and increasing demands for diverse geographic and environmental settings. Com- the multiple water uses make water availability, now prehensive assessments on pesticides, nutrients, vola- measured in terms of quantity and quality, even more tile organic compounds, trace metals, and aquatic critical to the long-term sustainability of our commu- ecology are developed at the national scale through nities and ecosystems. comparative analysis of the Study-Unit findings. The USGS implemented the National Water- (http://water.usgs.gov/nawqa/natsyn.html). Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program to support The USGS places high value on the communica- national, regional, and local information needs and tion and dissemination of credible, timely, and relevant decisions related to water-quality management and science so that the most recent and available knowl- policy. (http://water.usgs.gov/nawqa). Shaped by edge about water resources can be applied in manage- and coordinated with ongoing efforts of other Federal, ment and policy decisions. We hope this NAWQA State, and local agencies, the NAWQA Program is publication will provide you the needed insights and designed to answer: What is the condition of our information to meet your needs, and thereby foster Nation’s streams and ground water? How are the increased awareness and involvement in the protection conditions changing over time? How do natural fea- and restoration of our Nation’s waters. tures and human activities affect the quality of streams and ground water, and where are those effects most The NAWQA Program recognizes that a national pronounced? By combining information on water assessment by a single program cannot address all chemistry, physical characteristics, stream habitat, and water-resource issues of interest. External coordina- aquatic life, the NAWQA Program aims to provide tion at all levels is critical for a fully integrated science-based insights for current and emerging water understanding of watersheds and for cost-effective issues and priorities. NAWQA results can contribute management, regulation, and conservation of our to informed decisions that result in practical and effec- Nation’s water resources. The Program, therefore, tive water-resource management and strategies that depends extensively on the advice, cooperation, and protect and restore water quality. information from other Federal, State, interstate, Since 1991, the NAWQA Program has imple- Tribal, and local agencies, non-government organiza- mented interdisciplinary assessments in more than 50 tions, industry, academia, and other stakeholder of the Nation’s most important river basins and aqui- groups. The assistance and suggestions of all are fers, referred to as Study Units. (http://water.usgs.gov/ greatly appreciated. nawqa/nawqamap.html). Collectively, these Study Units account for more than 60 percent of the overall water use and population served by public water supply, and are representative of the Nation’s major hydrologic landscapes, priority ecological resources, Robert M. Hirsch and agricultural, urban, and natural sources of Associate Director for Water contamination. FOREWORD III CONTENTS Foreword................................................................................................................................................................................ III Abstract.................................................................................................................................................................................. 1 Introduction............................................................................................................................................................................ 2 Purpose and Scope....................................................................................................................................................... 2 Acknowledgments ....................................................................................................................................................... 2 Description of Study Area ........................................................................................................................................... 2 Tenmile Creek ................................................................................................................................................... 4 Snake River........................................................................................................................................................ 4 Blue River.......................................................................................................................................................... 5 Study Methods ....................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Reservoir Bottom-Sediment Core Samples ................................................................................................................. 5 Streambed-Sediment Samples ..................................................................................................................................... 7 Water Samples ............................................................................................................................................................. 7 Data Analysis............................................................................................................................................................... 8 Quality-Control Samples ............................................................................................................................................. 8 Sediment Cores.................................................................................................................................................. 8 Stream-Water Sampling..................................................................................................................................... 9 Reservoir-Water Sampling ................................................................................................................................ 10 Identification of Water-Quality Trends ................................................................................................................................. 10 Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Reservoir-Sediment Cores.................................................................... 10 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Reservoir-Sediment Cores ............................................................................. 10 Trace Elements in Reservoir-Sediment Cores, Stream-Sediment, and Water Samples.............................................. 11 Summary and Conclusions ...................................................................................................................................................
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