Integration complexity and the order of cosisters William Dyer Oracle Corp
[email protected] Abstract subjectivity (Scontras et al., 2017); (2) a bi- The cost of integrating dependent constituents nary hierarchy based on features such as rel- to their heads is thought to involve the distance ative/absolute (Sproat and Shih, 1991), stage- between dependent and head and the complex- /individual-level (Larson, 1998), or direct/indirect ity of the integration (Gibson, 1998). The for- (Cinque, 2010); or (3) a multi-category hierarchy mer has been convincingly addressed by De- of intensional/subsective/intersective (Kamp and pendency Distance Minimization (DDM) (cf. Partee, 1995; Partee, 2007; Truswell, 2009), re- Liu et al., 2017). The current study addresses inforcer/epithet/descriptor/classifier (Feist, 2012), the latter by proposing a novel theory of in- tegration complexity derived from the entropy and perhaps most famously, semantic features of the probability distribution of a dependent’s such as size/shape/color/nationality (Quirk et al., heads. An analysis of Universal Dependency 1985; Scott, 2002). Similarly, prepositional corpora provides empirical evidence regard- phrases and adverbials have been held to fol- ing the preferred order of isomorphic cosis- low a hierarchy based on manner/place/time ters—sister constituents of the same syntactic (Boisson, 1981; Cinque, 2001) or thematic roles form on the same side of their head—such as such as evidential/temporal/locative (Schweikert, the adjectives in pretty blue fish. Integration 2004). While these models may be reasonably complexity, alongside DDM, allows for a gen- eral theory of constituent order based on inte- accurate—though see Hawkins(2000); Truswell gration cost.