LIA TODAY THE OFFICIAL NEWSLETTER OF THE LASER INSTITUTE OF AMERICA The international society dedicated to fostering lasers, laser applications and laser safety worldwide. FOCUS: LASERS FOR MANUFACTURING VOLUME 20 NO. 2 MARCH / APRIL 2012

Using Lasers to Improve Manufacturing Competitiveness pg.6 Courtesy Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology ILT, Aachen, Germany ILT, Technology Institute for Laser Courtesy Fraunhofer

Ultrafast Lasers in Medical Applications - pg. 8

The Future of Manufacturing Presented at LAM 2012 - pg. 10

13501 Ingenuity Drive, Suite 128 Orlando, FL 32826 Phone: +1.407.380.1553 Fax: +1.407.380.5588 www.lia.org

LIA TODAY CVR MarApr-12_3.indd 1 4/3/12 10:58:12 PM in this issue LIAThe Official Newsletter TODAY of the Laser Institute of America LIA TODAY is published bimonthly to educate and inform laser professionals in laser safety and new trends related to laser technology. LIA members receive a free subscription to LIA TODAY and the Journal of Laser Applications® in addition to features discounts on all LIA products and services. LME 2012 – Using Lasers to Improve The editors of LIA TODAY welcome input from readers. Please submit news-related Manufacturing Competitiveness 6 releases, articles of general interest and letters to the editor. Mail us at LIA TODAY, 13501 Ingenuity Drive, Suite 128, Orlando, FL 32826, fax +1.407.380.5588, or send Ultrafast Lasers in Medical material by e-mail to [email protected]. Applications 8 The Future of Manufacturing Presented at LAM 2012 10 2012 LIA Officers Plasmonic Devices Fabricated by President – Reinhart Poprawe calendar of events Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Femtosecond Laser Nanowelding 14 Technology Laser Safety Officer Training President-Elect – Klaus Löffler June 26-28, 2012 | Chicago, IL TRUMPF Laser & Systems GmbH Dec. 4-6, 2012 | Orlando, FL departments Laser Safety Officer with Hazard Analysis* Past President – Stephen Capp Calendar of Events 2 June 11-15, 2012 | Boston, MA Laserage Technology Corporation Sept. 24-28, 2012 | Anaheim, CA Executive Director’s Message 5 Nov. 5-9, 2012 | San Antonio, TX President’s Message 5 Secretary – Robert Thomas *Certified Laser Safety Officer exam offered USAF Research Laboratory Corporate Member Profile 16 after the course. ASC Z136 Update 18 Treasurer – Yongfeng Lu Medical Laser Safety Officer Training* BLS Update 19 University of Nebraska, Lincoln June 9-10, 2012 | Boston, MA Sept. 22-23, 2012 | Anaheim, CA Laser Insights 20 editorial staff *Certified Medical Laser Safety Officer exam JLA Update 21 offered after the course. Editor-in-Chief – Peter Baker Members In Motion 22 International Congress on Applications of Member Innovations 22 Managing Editor – Kris Stell Lasers & Electro-Optics (ICALEO®) Welcome Corporate Members 22 Copy Editor – Barbara Sams Sept. 23-27, 2012 | Anaheim, CA LIA Announces 23 business staff Laser Welding & Joining Workshop Oct. 23-24, 2012 | Schaumburg, IL Publisher – Jim Naugle Lasers for Manufacturing Event (LME) Advertising Sales – Jim Naugle Oct. 23-24, 2012 | Schaumburg, IL Visit www.lia.org for all course and event listings. If you are interested in advertising advertisers space in this newsletter or a subscription, contact Michelle Williams ANSI Z136.3 18 at +1.407.380.1553/1.800.34.LASER or [email protected]. Board of Laser Safety 19 CMLSOs’ Best Practices 9 ICALEO 2012 4 ILSC 2013 21 about lia Kentek 3 Laser Institute of America (LIA) is the professional society for laser applications and safety. Our Laser Welding & Joining mission is to foster lasers, laser applications and laser safety worldwide. Workshop 2012 24 We believe in the importance of sharing new ideas about lasers. In fact, laser pioneers such as Laservision 15 Dr. Arthur Schawlow and Dr. Theodore H. Maiman were among LIA’s original founders who LIA’s Evaluator 20 set the stage for our enduring mission to promote laser applications and their safe use through LIA’s Inhouse Training 17 education, training and symposia. LIA was formed in 1968 by people who represented the heart of the profession—a group of academic scientists, developers and engineers who were truly LME 2012 7 passionate about taking an emerging new laser technology and turning it into a viable industry. Photomachining 15 Whether you are new to the world of lasers or an experienced laser professional, LIA is for you. Rockwell Laser Industries 11 We offer a wide array of products, services, education and events to enhance your laser knowledge 2 TRUMPF 17 and expertise. As an individual or corporate member, you will qualify for significant discounts on LIA materials, training courses and the industry’s most popular LIA conferences and workshops. We invite you to become part of the LIA experience – cultivating innovation, ingenuity and inspiration. F O CUS : LASERS R MANUFACTURIN G LIA T O DA Y MARCH / APRIL 2012

3 4 FOCUS: LASERS FOR MANUFACTURING LIA TODAY MARCH / APRIL 2012 +1.407.380.1553 |1.800.34.LASER| [email protected] Anaheim MarriottHotel| Anaheim, California,USA Presented by: 3 1 st Save ICALEO world’s premier platformforsharing materials interaction,providing the and expertsinthefieldoflaser ® bringstogethertheleaders new ideasanddiscovering breakthrough solutions. the September 23-27, 2012

Date

www.icaleo.org executive director’s president’s message message

The high power optical technologies I am so pleased that Jim enter a new era: The age of DIGITAL Sears and Bill Shiner PHOTONIC PRODUCTION. The vision encouraged us to launch of designing products in the computer and LIA’s first Laser Additive directly “printing” the data to real world Manufacturing (LAM) parts becomes reality. The impacts on workshop in 2009. LAM the main trends of our high wage society has grown every year

in mobility, health, energy, environment since then and this year F O CUS : LASERS R MANUFACTURIN G and security are expected significant. was another big success. New designs and materials combined with high degrees of complexity demand Attendance was a record individualized production in series at once again, the Technical reduced costs. Very recently, new lasers Program was solid and in new time domains and wavelength the exhibit hall was domains with high average powers have been developed for new active. processes like laser additive manufacturing, laser ablation by ultrafast lasers or laser polishing. Overall, the vision can be summarized “from bits There is a growing realization that additive manufacturing to photons to atoms.” The direct manufacturing processes work without will ultimately transform the way manufacturing is tools or molds and transform the computer-generated product directly to performed so I am very pleased that we are leading the reality. Further advantages are the parallel production of products as well way in adding to this body of knowledge and raising as the independence of cost on complexity of the structure. awareness of its potential.

One decisive component in this scheme is the perspective of additive We will carry this momentum through to our Lasers manufacturing using lasers, or LAM. This includes selective laser melting for Manufacturing Event, October 23-24, 2012 in LIA T O DA Y (SLM), laser metal deposition (LMD) and controlled deposition of Schaumburg, IL. This will feature tutorials and seminars functional layers. LIA’s latest conference on the subject in Houston, LAM, on all aspects of lasers for manufacturing, including was a great success for all participants and you can read about specific LAM, and will feature 90 exhibitors of lasers, systems, results in this issue and later in LIA’s Journal of Laser Applications®. robotics and related equipment for manufacturing.

Typical laser powers employed in additive manufacturing are some MARCH / APRIL 2012 hundred watts in the commercial world and KW level in the leading laboratory environment. The buildup rates have been boosted by a factor of 10 in the last five years to values of 20 mm3/s corresponding to about 1 cm3/s. The data depend slightly on the deposited metal and many alloys Peter Baker, Executive Director have been demonstrated for use in tooling for molds, bio resistive, bio Laser Institute of America, [email protected] compatible or bio resolvable implants, but also in series production, e.g. for automotive parts in large quantities.

As a next international event coming up, the Aachen Kolloquium Lasertechnology, AKL 2012, in Germany (www.lasercongress.org) combines latest laser application technology and industrial innovation. Be there!

LIA and its president wish you a productive and successful time.

Sincerely yours,

Reinhart Poprawe President, Laser Institute of America 5 6 FOCUS: LASERS FOR MANUFACTURING LIA TODAY MARCH / APRIL 2012 noted. Such applications are being refined constantly as lasers continue toevolve. constantly refined being are applications Such noted. remote welding, hybrid welding and “micro” applications, he laser applications.” experience will presenttheirsolutionstothetypical challenges of basics andcurrent developments. End userswithlongstanding industrial research experts togiveasoundoverviewoflaser with OEMsintheexhibithall. spread out to allow ample time for attendees to interact directly address lasersfrombasicstohigh-endapplications.” way the world oflasers is today. This will make it possible to people fromthelasercommunitywereandareshaping the who how touselasers,” Beyer noted. “We are going to unite many get application-related questions answeredandgetnewideason this wouldbeanidealopportunityto engaged intheworkshop, IL. “Asmanylasermanufacturers and systembuildersare will runconcurrently with LMEonOct.23-24inSchaumburg, Workshop,Eckhard BeyerofFraunhoferIWS, chairedbyProf. maintaining lasersafety. for manufacturing, how tojustifytheinvestment and even the rudimentsofunderstandingmaintypeslasersused photonics inproduction. The educational program willemphasize and applications or assessingpotential new waystoemploy systems laser current refine to seeking either those for shopping of automakersisgearedtobeone-stop andlaserjobshops, Your Sourcefranswers joining andultrafastlaserprocesses. as well as a pair of two-hour tutorials addressing welding and manufacturing, cutting, drillingandmarkinghavebeenadded, production predominantly aerospace,automotiveandmedical. laser-based efficient applications, of range and broad a in profitability increase to systems effective create to how and pressingneedfortheNorth American industry. Event, the highly successful exhibit launched to address a unique educational track for its second annual Lasers for Manufacturing By GeoffGiordano Some of those applications will include powertrain welding, “The workshop will startwithshortcoursespresented by The Welding & Joining Workshop will feature 18 presentations, In addition, the new two-dayLaser Welding & Joining LME, beingheldonceagain inproximitytothousands Four newcoursesaddressingthefundamentals of laser additive LME 2012willagainprovideattendees vital guidanceon The LaserInstituteof America hasunveiledanexpanded LME 2012–UsingLaserstoImprve Manufacturing Competitiveness (LME), visit their expertiseinperson. seeking solutionsandawide array ofindustryleaders able to lend showcase formathelpedfoster interaction between attendees informational addresses bymanycompaniesinattendance. The will beusedforkeynoteeducational presentations andshorter Technology Showcase,astageatthefrontofexhibit hall that asserted. similar growth rates like other lasers in the past,” Prof. Poprawe heading totheedgeofmassindustrialization and willundergo cutting-edge laser technology, as“ultrashort pulsed lasersare parameters.” technology with respect to laser parameters and processing technologies) will learn about therequirements on system “manufacturers of ultrafast lasers andoptical systems (scanning from machine suppliers and end users, Prof.Poprawe said. And surface functionalization.” technology to large areaprocessingfortribologyoptimization and different applications from electronics, energy topics and tooling pulse interaction phenomena, the tutorial will giveasurveyon Poprawe noted.“Startingwithphysicalbasicsonultrashort level of laserprocessingwithultimate processing quality,” Prof. scale withpowersuptothekilowatt class, hasledtoanew of some100femtosecondsto10picosecondsonanindustrial and below. machining applications withaccuracy intherangeof10microns systems andscanningtechnologies, as well as usersofprecision will beparticularly session gearedtothoseinvolvedwithoptical materials and anoverviewofmarkets and materials. He saysthe examples, asurveyof Technology ReadinessLevels(TRL)1-9 Fraunhofer ILT saystheeducational track willfeature technical the inauguralsession,LIA PresidentProf.ReinhartPopraweof lasers couldgrowintoanother two-day workshopnextyear. For Opportunities Additional Educatin is muchsimplerandcanbedoneinawaynotpossiblebefore.” development: manylasersarenowsosmallthatmachineintegration high-brightness to expensive lasers justafewyearsago.Furthermore,lasersizereductioniskey restricted field a was that standard; shaped weldpools. Also, remote-beamapplications arenow new mixed-materialjointslikecopper-aluminum usingprecisely expanded inmanyways:ultra-lowdistortionsortherealizationof are fields application the “Here says. efficiency,”energy Beyer and For moreinformation on LIA’s Lasers for Manufacturing Event LME 2012willagain feature thehighlypopularLaser LIA isshowingonceagainitintheforefrontofadvocating The tutorial is particularly suited for engineers and scientists “The developmentofultrafastlaserswithpulsedurations Although slatedasatutorial this year, theprogramonultrafast “We stillseeabigimpactofthetremendousrise inbeamquality Geoff Giordano isafreelance writer. www.laserevent.org orcall1.800.34.LASER. F O CUS : LASERS R MANUFACTURIN G LIA T O DA Y MARCH / APRIL 2012

7 8 FOCUS: LASERS FOR MANUFACTURING LIA TODAY MARCH / APRIL 2012 By EricMottay is a gradual opacification of the crystalline lens inside the eye, leading to loss ofvision and eventually blindness. The current the inside lens crystalline the of opacification gradual a is surgery. Cataract cataract procedure, surgery eye significant and Entering TheEyecareMarket interaction, haveledtoawidecustomeracceptance. lasers, wheretheaccuracy, safetyandabsenceofthermal femtosecond with performed now is cutting flap microkeratome, layer. Traditionally done withamechanical blade, called a flap, in ordertoleaveintact the living,sensitiveexternal epithelium corneal a of cutting the is procedure the of part important of thecorneaandrestoreperfect vision acuity to thepatient. An laser removespartofthecorneal tissuetochangethecurvature of LASIK(laser assisted in situ keratomyleusis), where a UV astigmatism), was first established in the late ‘90s with the advent excimer lasers for vision correction (myopia, hypermetropia and is eye surgery and more precisely, refractive surgery. The use of lasers, the first domain which has seen wide use of ultrafast lasers been for a long time identified as an important market for ultrafast number of medical applications. Although micromachining has consistent andreproducibledeliveriesinlarge quantities. advances inmanufacturing processes andquality control ensure most notably in terms of simplicity, reliability and size. In parallel, complemented by tremendous improvements in lasers technology, precise way, wellknownsincetheearlydays,havebeen advantage of beingabletointeractwithmatter in anextremely pharmaceutical and photovoltaics industries. Their unique the semiconductoranddisplayindustries,aswellautomotive, as diverse as fields in environments, medical industrial of variety were sophisticatedresearchtools. Today, theyareusedina MEDICAL LASERAPPLICATIONS Femtosecond lasers arenowpoisedtoenter another large But ultrafast lasers are changing our livesinagrowing Ultrafast lasershavecomealongwaysincethetimethey Photo courtesy of Amplitude Systemes. functions of ultrafast lasers. functions ofultrafast lasers. Stent manufacturing isoneofthemostimportant in medicalapplications ultrafast lasers can expect further acceptance of ultrafast lasers inhospitals and procedures, such aspresbyopia or glaucoma treatment, and we systems arecurrentlybeingwidelydeployed. manufacturers have received FDA approvalforthisprocedureand or insomecaseseliminate, the ultrasonic power needed. Several same lasercanalsocutthecrystalline lens andstronglyreduce, precision and repeatability than withthemanual procedure. The ableto are perform thecapsule cutting (capsulorhexis) with amuch higher lasers Ultrafast the capsule. inside lens artificial an with ascalpel, destroying thelenswithultrasoundandplacing procedure consists inopening the capsule containing the lens post-process cleaning step causedby the creation of shavingsall reaching high cutting precisions. The second one is the necessary to -10°Cmaintainimplant down thenecessaryhardnessfor the softness of the material, forcing the manufacturer to cool the from comes one first The drawbacks. major two exhibits process a precisemanufacturing process. The traditional mechanical patients. Here again, the implants are sophisticated parts, requiring used after cataract surgery to restore the accomodation power in traditional methods forthemanufacture of intraocular implants, achieve therequiredprocessquality. sensitivity ofpolymerstothermal effects, longpulse laserscannot 18 to24monthswhenthe artery has fully healed. Because of the stents, which will dissolve gradually in the body over a period of the initial in manufacturing a new generation of polymerbased,bioresorbables improvements significant micromachining quality. Inaddition, theyaretheonlysolutionfor providing by etc.) the post-processingcosts(deburring,cleaning, electropolishing, reduce significantly they today, used lasers simpler the for than Although ultrafast lasers require an initial investment greater high requirements in terms of precision and surfacequality. Stents are small components, with intricate patterns and extremely heart. the to flow blood the restores and artery,expands blocked A stent is asmall tubular prosthesis, which,whenplaced into a in themedicalindustry. used inagrowingnumberofindustrial manufacturing processes material processing with ultrashort pulses, ultrafast lasers are essential importance. Because oftheprecision available from manufacturing techniques, where precision and quality are of devices arehighvaluecomponents requiring sophisticated are touchinglivesofpatientsinotherindirect ways. Medical making medicaldevices ophtalmology centersworldwide. Active research isbeingconductedinotherdifferent In another example, femtosecond laser are replacing The mostimportantdomaintodayisstentmanufacturing. In addition to purelytherapeutic procedures, ultrafast lasers around the implant, which could irritate patient eyes. Femtosecond laser micromaching produces very sharp edges, without any heat affected zone, burr or shaving and decreases the total process time by a factor of two. On a more prospective note, active research is now being F O CUS : LASERS R MANUFACTURIN G conducted in other domains, such as nano-processing, texturing, tissue printing and engineering and even direct intracellular ablation. An active research and industry international community is just starting to explore the world of medical applications of ultrafast lasers.

Eric Mottay is president and CEO of Amplitude Systemes, www.amplitude-systemes.com.

Intraocular implants are sophisticated parts, requiring a Photo courtesy of Physiol. precise manufacturing process. LIA T O DA Y MARCH / APRIL 2012

9 10 FOCUS: LASERS FOR MANUFACTURING LIA TODAY MARCH / APRIL 2012 production usingpowderbedandfreeformmethods. rapt duringthetwo-dayeventastheydetailed advances inrapid Kelbassa ofFraunhoferILT heldastandingroom-onlyaudience Showcasing RapidPrductin of photonicmanufacture. at traditional laser cladding practices, but thecutting-edge future crowd ofnearly200attendeesanup-to-the-minute look notonly cradle of theU.S.energy industry, LAM2012gavearecord (LAM) workshoponFeb.29-March 1. Heldonce again in the at the forefront of itsfourth-annual Laser Additive Manufacturing application technology and safetyadvocatessince1968,putLAM medical productstovitalautomotiveandaviationparts. in producingeverythingfromhighlycustomized consumer and dramatically are being product reduced aslaser-additive manufacturing moreprevalent grows All finished paperwork. and certification design even between and time lead weight, part what itsubtracts:productioncosts,fuelretoolingissues, disparate rangeofindustries,itcouldbecomeknownmorefor LIA EVENTS By GeoffGiordano II speaker, Dr. Ingomar Kelbassa ofFraunhofer ILT. and right,LAM Program CommitteeMember andKeynote On left,Keynote I, Terry Wohlers of Wohlers Associates LAM hasbeenresponsibleforaslewofeyebrow-raising Expert keynote speakers Terry Wohlers andDr. Ingomar The LaserInstitute of America, globally renowned laser As additive manufacturing with lasersgainsafootholdin The FutureofManufacturing Presented atLAM2012 more than180hours. milling, which removes 80% to90%of material — andtakes five-axis conventional with that Compare shape. net near — total metal deposition inundertwominutesperblade—160 (blade-integratedcompressor BLISKdisk)withhigh-speedlaser for every220pounds(100kilograms)eliminated. — weight connect aircraft galleys and lavatories, saving50%to80%ofpart to twosheetsofpaper. production platforms, can reduce a stack of certification paperwork progress, theynoted: fast,” Wohlers said. “Somanynewopportunitiesaredeveloping materials thatconformtoproductshapes. He evenraisedthepossibilityof“printing” electronics or battery an ultralight craft created as one piece complete with hinged flap. dramatically redesigned bearing for aclothes dryer tothe wing of consumer products. Heenthused about radical projects from a Forming, Digital Shapeways andMaterialise that offer aslewofcustomizable like firms small about attendees enlightened amount of LAMactivity in Australia and South Africa. He as detailed inhis“Wohlers Report2011,” notinganexceptional 25 yearsago in Fort Collins, CO, quoted progress onmany fronts LAM Advancement it likelygrewintoa$1.5billionto$1.6industryin2011. industry in2010,withcompoundannualgrowthof24percent; 66 unitssoldworldwidein2007tonearly6,000by2010. that cost from $500 to few a thousand dollars — grew from about The LAMworkshop captivatestheaudience. Fanoe IT a mk a 8-ld high-pressure 80-blade an make can ILT Fraunhofer • that brackets of thousands produce to up gearing is • Airbus 10 in parts 200 for technology the uses which Boeing, • “We havealotoffuninthisarea because it’s movingso firm Wohlers Associates consulting his began Wohlers,who billion $1.3 a be to estimated was manufacturing Additive • — printers 3D “personal” So-called • and $2.5 million in fuel annually on short-haul flights short-haul on annually fuel in million $2.5 and o-nutil units non-industrial Laser Safety Solutions for Over 30 Years Industrial, Medical, R&D

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Rockwell Laser Industries, Inc. Tel: (800) 94-LASER www.rli.com 11 RLI Int’l: +1 (513) 272-9900 12 FOCUS: LASERS FOR MANUFACTURING LIA TODAY MARCH / APRIL 2012 LAM con’t from page10 metals).” EOShasfourcustomers goingtomarketwithtitanium are actually doing manufacturing with our platforms (plastics and into manufacturing, and we’re working with a lot of people… that prototyping work, “We’re rapid- really looking at moving our technology firm’s his to addition in that noted America, North EOS don’t needtoputmetalwhereyoudon’t needit.” can design forminimum weight. You can put holesinstuff; you way to do build-up. If you can get with the design engineers... you “Designs madeforcastingsorforgings aren’t necessarilythebest help clientscapitalizeonthepotentialcostsavings. the provideroftechnology, butbeingastrongguidingpartnerto changed themetricsofhowyoudobusiness.” country andanumberofcommercial aircraft being designed.It’s we haveone—majormilitary aircraft being designedinthis 20 yearsagowehaddifferent aircraft being designed; today are agreatopportunity. Ifyoulookataerospace manufacturing, of theQuadCityManufacturingLaboratory. And “legacy parts of Minesand Technology inRapidCity, andexecutive director Additive Manufacturing Laboratory at the South Dakota School the hundreds within an hour,” said Dr. Jim Sears, director of the free.” for Individualization free. for “Complexity succinctly: flexibility in systemsandmaterialsservices.” LAM offersmany networkingopportunities. Platinum Sponsor Alabama Laser Scott Killian, an expert in emerging technologies for “It’s important to engage your customer,” Searsadvised. A significant component ofadvancing LAMisnot just being by made be can titanium of made fittings like parts “Small Kelbassa summarized the promiseofLAM’s CAD-based stories inthemoretraditional uses oflasercladdingtorepairand Covering theBasics weight ratiosby40percent. to 30percent, repair times up to50percent and improved part $1 million a year in savings; others have reduced repair costs up cast-iron impellers,tomoldtires.OneOptomeccustomerreports repair to plates, bone-fixation pelvic and implants dental custom more than12countries. Those systemsdoeverything from make in systems LAM 150 than more installed has firm his audience additive manufacturing specialist withOptomec,toldthepacked week leadtimetoaboutaweek. with a high-temperature PEEK part, slashing the original’s 36- had a“verysimplebox”madeofcomposite that wasreplaced matter of days,” Killian explained. One EOSaerospace customer where asthistechnology can comeinandproducepartsa times, lead long are there or produce to difficult are designs their find people cases of lot a in but methods, traditional to compared implant products,hesaid. LAM worksops. “WeLAM worksops. haveseveraldifferent operations; we have manager at Focus: Hope in Detroit, MI, has attended all four say inperson.” have the “Wohlers Report,” and it’s goodto hear what he had to we needtobeapartof. All thespeakershavebeenverygood;we Latrobe, PA. “We’re keeping an eyeonthistoseeifit’s something in,” said seniorstaff engineer Dave Siddle of Kennametal in and see what it’s about, see if it‘s something we may be interested pique theirinterest. visit presentations and video excerpts of speakersfromLAM2012, and Group POM Titanova, detailed(Totheir latestwork. view Research NV, HaydenLaserServices,and“bronze”sponsors Joining Technologies,for Technological VITO-FlemishInstitute prevent corrosion and wear. Representatives from “gold” sponsor attendee during theExhibitor HappyHour. Coherent’s KeithParker discussing equipmentwithan Of course,LAM2012alsofocusedonthe latest success The goodnewscontinued as Dr. Richard Grylls, senior “These platformsdohavecostadvantages; it canbeexpensive Meanwhile, Dr. Ashish Dasgupta, research and development “I’m basically here toscoutoutlaser-additive manufacturing Workshops veterans andnewcomersalikefoundplentyto www.lia.org/conferences/lam/program2012 .) F O CUS : LASERS R MANUFACTURIN G

The exhibitions at LAM were highly informative to the attendees. a full-fledged manufacturing floor where we do machining; we also do laser cladding, mainly for government applications,” he said. “We’re applying a modern technology to some old parts that are expensive, and then seeing whether we can squeeze some more life out of them so the government doesn’t have to keep spending a huge amount of money to buy new ones. These things were not there 10 years back. Now the tools are available; how we apply them and get the certifications — these are the current challenges.” Even Wohlers raved about LAM, attending most of the 24 total sessions. “The presentations were excellent this morning. I LIA T O DA Y had two full pages of notes, and I’m learning quite a lot.” Stepping back into his role as prognosticator, he sees new and more lucrative opportunities on the horizon “because some of the biggest corporations in the world are making big commitments to this. Government agencies as well are wanting to use this to stimulate product development and new ways to manufacture, new ways to use products, entirely new types of products — and MARCH / APRIL 2012 that creates new businesses.” Ever conscious of crafting a uniquely informative event that evolves with the industry, LIA officials and LAM Program Committee held a session immediately after the program concluded to begin devising improvements for 2013. Visit the LAM website, www.lia.org/lam, for updates about next year’s workshop.

Geoff Giordano is a freelance writer.

13 LIA’s Executive Director Peter Baker with Salay Stannard from Joining Technologies, Inc. LAM Program Committee Member and speaker, Jim Sears. 14 FOCUS: LASERS FOR MANUFACTURING LIA TODAY MARCH / APRIL 2012 melted andbrazedindividualPtnanoparticles. with ananosecondlaserpulsewhere Au nanoparticles are totally formed by fusion. This isdifferent from previous laser brazing the nanoparticleskepttheiroriginalshapesandnecks are welded together and form a chain structure. It is obvious that and photonic components on thesamechip. circuitry, thereby creating the possibilities to combine electronic optical signalsandelectric currents throughthesamethinmetallic into a pond. Plasmonic devices offer the potential to transmit ripples thatspreadacrossthewatersurfaceafter you throwastone waves of electrons propagate along the conductor surface like electron displacements, knownassurfaceplasmons(SP),density that the external electromagnetic waves canexcite the collective to anewbranchofphotonicscalledplasmonics.Ithasbeenfound By AnmingHuandY.NormanZhou is anon-thermalphenomenonatthesurface. because the interaction between ultrafast laser pulses and materials dependent onmaterials. of theenergy range.Itisexpectedthat the properenergy is to femtosecond laser induced nanowelding is the proper choice key the Thus, nanoparticles. of refinement further the in results consistent withwidelyreported resultsthatlaserbombardment energy leads to split nanoparticles into tiny particles. This is shapes. Itisimportant to pointoutthattheirradiation at ahigher the surface plasmonic properties can be dramatically changed by since function original the keep to beneficial is melting surface (< 10 pulses atanintensityof10 damaging thebulk,makingitidealforweldingofnanoparticles. process, melting occurs only on a nanoscale at the surface without surface emissionthemelting is asurfaceeffect. Hence, inthis of lattices at an elevated temperature. Furthermore, due to the non-thermal because it is not due to vigorously thermal vibrations atoms, resulting in“melting” of surface atoms. This melting is accompanied by a reduction in the bond energy between lattice Instead, electrons are excited leading todirect emission. This is have enoughtime totransfertheexcitation energy tothelattice. fs) ismuchlongerthan the laserpulsewidth,electrons do not thermal coupling time (typically several picoseconds, 1ps=1000 is only10 the shapeandcrystallinity of nanoparticles. One femtosecond method to realize ananowelding withoutdramatically changing Femtosecond laserinducednon-thermal melting is apromising for thepermanent integration of individual functional components. technically challenged since the welding at a nanoscale is required optical computing. revolution in highspeedcarrying oflarge scale digital data and INDUSTRIAL LASERAPPLICATIONS The interaction of lightwithmetallic nanomaterials has led Plasmonic properties of welded Ag nanoparticles have been Fig. 1presentswelded Ag nanoparticles with 120fslaser To datethefabrication of such aplasmonic device is -12 sec)isdistinct from otherfusionnanowelding processes -15 second.Nanoweldingwithultrashortlaserpulses Femtosecnd LaserNanwelding Plasmonic DevicesFabricatedby 12 W/cm 2 . Four nanoparticles . Fourare 3 the electron-latticeAs 1, 2 This willbringthe 4 Certainlythe

central gapof-5nm). diameter andanoverlappedcentraldistanceof5nm(i.e.,the Low panels:welded two andfour ag spheres at the same of 50nmandacentralgap5nm. Top panels: adjacenttwoandfour agspheres withadiameter field distributed atthesurfaceofnanostructures inair. electric normalized of views cross-sectional The 2 Fig. simulated numerically using a 3D finite element method and a Drude-Lorentz model. method element finite 3D a using numerically simulated overlapping central distance of 5nm). The results showthat adjacent pairs and-5nmforwelded pairs (corresponding to an diameter of each nanoparticle is 50 nmandthegapis5for adjacent particles and between welded nanoparticles in air. The of theelectrical potential distribution between twoandfour obtained from experimental data. Fig. 2 shows a comparison at anintensityof10 Fig. 1 Welded Ag nanoparticles with 120femtosecondpulses 12 W/cm 5 The complex permittivity of silver was 2 . welded nanoparticles possess a ring-shaped hot spot in the neck area compared to a central hot-spot in pairs that are together, but not joined. This clearly indicates that the hot-spot area is enhanced in laser welded pairs. Unlike adjacent dimmers or trimers, which are bonded by a weak van der Waals interaction, welded nanoparticles form strong and permanent joints. These are suitable for use as stable, repeatable Raman probes. F O CUS : LASERS R MANUFACTURIN G Anming Hu and Y. Norman Zhou are professors with the Centre for Advanced Material Joining, Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo

References 1J. A. Schuller, E. S. Barnard, W. Cai, Y. C. Jun, J. S. White and M. J. Brongersma, Nature Nanomater. 9 (2010) 193 2E. Ozbay, Science 311 (2006) 189 3A. Hu, M. Rybachuk, Q. B. Lu and W. W. Duley, Appl. Phys. Lett. 91 (2007) 131906 4F. Mafune, J. Kohno, Y. Takeda, T. Kondow, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125 (2003) 1686 5X. Y. Zhang, A. Hu, T. Zhang, W. Lei, X. J. Xue, Y. Zhou and W. W. Duley, ACS Nano (DOI: 10.1021/nn203336m) LIA T O DA Y MARCH / APRIL 2012

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Visit our website or contact our Laser Safety Experts. www.lasersafety.com • 1-800-393-5565 15 ©2012 Laservision, all rights reserved. 16 FOCUS: LASERS FOR MANUFACTURING LIA TODAY MARCH / APRIL 2012 Corporate MemberPrfile diodes from620 nmto2µm,andovertheyears, RPMC’s product Today’s Lineup explained. is to represent a few firms, and do it very effectively,” Ratermann because we are not keen to represent many firms. Rather, our goal firms distributor most from differ also We products. firmswith competing torepresent not hard try We systems. finished offer some accessories like heatsinks anddiodedrivers. We do not have assembled. in thelaserindustryandareveryproudofexperiencedstaff they firm. one and firms laser North Asian European seven firms, American ofprimaries. list Today, the RPMC, which consists of eight to employees, represents five added been have firms laser additional for LUMERA Laser’s picosecondslaserproducts. And, overtime, primaries aswellforthecustomers. an economyofscalewhiledoingit,thusaddingvalueforits realized it could do the same thing for other laser firms, and enjoy LDX Optronicshassucceeded nicely. With thatsuccess,RPMC without the diversions of sales calls and marketing endeavors. allowed LDX Optronics to concentrate on technical challenges worldwide attention to itshighquality laser diode products. This RPMC Lasers,Inc.wasstarted to assistLDXOptronicsgenerate Company Background company alsooffers awide range oflaserdiodeproducts. seeding, marking, engraving, lidar, medical, military, etc. The microsecond, millisecond and CW lasers for machining, LIBs, lasers forcold machining and awiderange of nanosecond, direct diode lasers. These include femtosecond and picosecond and lasers fiber lasers, pumped lamp/diode offersof range wide a The first products that began the company were LDX laser LDX were company the began that products first The “We areOEMdistributorsoflasersandlaserdiodes,including Owners MickeandRatermannbothhaveextensiveexperience In June2003,RPMCbecame the North American distributor Incorporated in1996byDeanMickeandChuckRatermann, LIA CorporateMemberRPMCLasers,Inc.,O’Fallon, MO, 1064 nm 100 kHz. 1064 nm100kHz. copper sheet 7W a 150µm-thick machined outof copper mask pillows, top,and such assapphire application, find theright RPMC canhelp tremendous venuesforlasermachiningnetworking.” benefit to his company. “LIA provides vital safety training and offers product offering,” hesaid. the recession, wehave added some lines that give us abroader of scale. We also largely sell in North America. To counter prices. Weon theirbehalf. gotomanyshows We haveeconomy specialists. Our firm offers products at the standard manufacturers’ solution,” saidRatermann. hopethe We answer. the right is next time theyhavearequirement, we have thebesttechnical this if firm, another to them technical solution for their needs,andthat means that we sometimes send best the find customers our help We prices. standard 10 nslasers. newest technology soontobeavailable are 193nmdpss5kHz The Ratermann. explained well,” as significant been have lasers were verystrongforsomeyearsandstill are pretty strong. Fiber and the wavelengths available, of course. The picosecond lasers in soverymanyproducts. They keepimprovingtheoutputpower more years,laserdiodeshavebeenstrongbecausetheyareused line has changed.“Foralongperiod and continuing for many RPMC LAseRS,INC. Visit www.rpmclasers.com Ratermann seesmembershipwiththeLIA asbeingagreat has beenabletoadaptwiththetimes.“Itisageof RPMC “We offer awiderangeofproductsatthemanufacturers’ for moreinformation. ONSITE TRAINING

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17

General-TruLaser-ad(LIA)-FIN.indd 1 11/16/11 7:59 PM 18 FOCUS: LASERS FOR MANUFACTURING LIA TODAY MARCH / APRIL 2012 were discussed.Priortotheapproval (Dec 2011) andpublication (safe useoflasersinhealthcare)chair nominations forSSC-3 and anewindividualmembertotheCommittee,DavidDewey. Paul Daniel representing his newcompany Daniel Laser Safety, for NIST, asrepresentative George Frangineasasrepresentative for SoltaMedical, Hadler Joshua Office, General’s Surgeon Edward Kellyrepresentingorganizational member USAF and Jeffrey Pfoutzwasappointed chair. brought outoffurlough Standards subcommitteewas 4 (SSC-4) subcommittee chairs andappealspoolmemberswerereappointed. Chair and Vice Chair, respectively to theCommittee. All previous the appointmentsofRobert Thomas andSheldonZimmerman, and membership), Committee the by affirmation require not does ASC Z136Secretary (an appointment by theSecretariat LIA that activities. are CLSOs or CMLSOs as well as participants of these Z136 was highwith34membersand12observers,manyofwhom the International Laser SafetyConference(off year),attendance FL. Giventhat this year’s meeting was notinconjunction with the Holiday Inn Resort Orlando – The Castle in sunny Orlando, ASC Z136update Following the ADCOM’s administrative reporting, Members approvedtotheCommittee included Major The meeting included the announcement of Ben Edwards as The annual ASC Z136meeting was held on February17,at Z136.3 ANSI 1.800.34.LASER LIA.ORG/ANSI.3 publication wouldrunaseriesofarticlesonlasersafety. and possible collaboration with PhotonicsSpectra wherein the individual versus organizational membership on theCommittee document for MPEs(containing examples as well),thoughtson Database for TSC-1 byRobert Thomas. Bill Ertle for Bill Janssen and the newly developed Bioeffects treated to two special presentations: Area Warning Signage by available on theZ136.orgwebsite. After lunchthegroupwas year’s activities of his/her subcommittee. These presentations are made. necessary beforearecommendation to theCommittee can be candidates were suggested; further review by the ADCOM is he would be stepping down from the position. Several potential (Jan 2012)oftheZ136.3revision, Dr. Joel White had indicated New Businessincluded an idea to make a stand-alone Each subcommittee chair presentedabriefoverviewofthe REVISED DOCUMENT ADDRESSES: REVISED CARE IN HEALTH OF LASERS SAFE USE 2011 • • • • • • • Sample Forms LSO’s RoleinRentalServices Lasers forHomeUse Responsibilities Safety Concepts/Personnel Management ModelforDiverseUse Audit Requirements&Procedures New Wavelengths PUBLISHED BY bls update

All CLSOs and CMLSOs whose certification maintenance At the BLS, we want you to be successful in maintaining your cycle ended December 31, 2011 and have not recertified –Contact CLSO/CMLSO active status! We pledge to make every effort to the BLS office today to avoid losing your active status! inform you of CM point availability, along with the number of In accordance with the CLSO and CMLSO Policies & points attributed to future events and opportunities. If you attend a Procedures manuals, “it is the responsibility of the CLSO/CMLSO training course or participate in an activity not currently approved to submit CM forms and recertification fees on time.” Certification for CM points, you may submit the information to the BLS for Maintenance (CM) worksheets with supporting documentation consideration of points toward certification maintenance. Visit the st and recertification fees were due February 1 . The consequence BLS website at www.lasersafety.org for additional information, F O CUS : LASERS R MANUFACTURIN G of not recertifying by this date is “Inactive Status” – loss of the use or contact Barbara Sams at [email protected] or call of your designation. +1.407.380.5833. To restore status, CM worksheets accompanied with appropriate recertification and late fees will be accepted up to and including May 31st. After that time, it will be necessary to retake the exam to become active again. Maintenance cycle ending December 2012 or later? Don’t put off collecting your CM points until year three! Maintaining your certification is a vital part of becoming a CLSO or CMLSO. Some categories to consider – membership in laser safety related organizations, and active participation in laser safety standards or regulations committees accrue one point per year. These easily obtainable points are irrelevant after the fact. Remember, attendance at laser safety or applications professional conferences or meetings are worth one point per full day; presentations earn 1/2 point each. LIA T O DA Y

CERTIFICATION MARCH / APRIL 2012 Board of Laser Safety for Laser Safety Officers

• Get connected with other laser safety professionals ® • Gain a competitive edge • Stay current on changes in the industry

Intended for professionals who • Achieve recognition are working with lasers in a scientific, manufacturing, or industrial environment.

Intended for professionals For more information or to obtain Visit: www.lasersafety.org who are working with lasers 19 in any medical environment. a complete information packet. Call: 1.800.34.LASER 20 CMY CY MY CM K FOCUSY : LASERSM C FOR MANUFACTURING LIA TODAY MARCH / APRIL 2012 provides anattractive and costeffective means forrepairing or for processinghighstrength materials. Laser direct deposition very highduetolongleadtimesandaspecialtoolrequired Replacement costs forhighvalueengineering components are by J.MichaelWilson Environmental Impact Airfoils anditsEcnmical& laser-based RepairingofTurbine monitoring systemandacontroloptimizationsystem. The proposedsystemconsistsoftwosubsystems:aprocess flame cuttingofthickplatesmildsteelhasbeendeveloped. A real-time,adaptivecontrolandoptimization systemforlaser by EhsanFallahi Control &OptimizatinSystem Development fanAdaptive Eval AdHalfPagev2C.pdf3/14/119:04:21PM Save Time and Money! Save and Time to System Updates Automatic Navigation Easier Enhanced Accessibility for Today’sDesigned LSO View completearticlesatwww.lia.org/laserinsights undertheFeatured Category. rcsig ed sial fr l lsr ore icuig fiber including sources lasers, discCO laser all for suitable heads processing For decadesPrecitec has beentheleadingmanufacturer of by MarkusKogel-Hollacher and cutting Processing Headsfweldin the Customer’sBenefit:Laser Leading Technologyfr limitations oftraditionalrepairprocessesareovercome. emergence ofLaserDirect Deposition (LDD)technologies the remanufacturing high valueengineering components. With the given application. processing inordertomeetthehighestcriteria for qualityina 30 kW. These aredirectly applicable to industrial laser materials powers rangingfromthetypically usedpowerspectrumupto s give youinsightintothecontentandapplicationsofpapers developments in laser safety and the possible applications of developments inlasersafetyandthepossibleapplicationsof laser materialsprocessing. Theseoverviewsare designedto Laser Insightsisafeature togiveinsightintotheverylatest Visit www.lia.org/laserinsights tobeginyoursearch. presented atourconferences andworkshops. 2 lasers,diodeNd:YAGlasers from jla update The JLA is published four times a year by the LIA in February, May, August and November. It is available electronically to LIA members as a member benefit. To view the journal online, please make sure your membership is current.

The Laser Institute of America has made its official publication theJournal of Laser Applications® (JLA), an online-only journal, complete with new features for a broader audience. JLA is hosted on AIP Publishing’s robust Scitation online platform, providing the journal with greater functionality and the ability to leverage a wide range of valuable discoverability features. JLA now features nine topic sections, a faster peer-review

process and a more functional website (http://jla.aip.org) that makes content easier to access and more F O CUS : LASERS R MANUFACTURIN G interactive. Readers will find full-text HTML rendering featuring inline reference links and the ability to enlarge tables and figures by clicking on them. Among the new features are enhanced search functions with more options and better controls to explore returned content in more useful ways.

For non-members of LIA, call the American Institute of Physics at 1.800.344.6902 for subscription information. To receive your JLA table of content e-mail alerts, sign up at http://lia.aip.org/alerting_services/toc_alerts.

Research Highlights – Silicon(IV) Phthalocyanine-Loaded-Nanoparticles for Application in Photodynamic Process by Andreza Ribeiro Simioni, Fernando L. Primo and Antonio Claudio Tedesco The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential application of biodegradable nanoparticles containing a photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy. The poly (D,L lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles were studied by steady-state techniques, time-resolved fluorescence and laser flash photolysis. The external morphology of the nanoparticles was established by scanning electron microscopy, and the biological activity was evaluated by in vitro cell culture by 3-(4,5 dimethyl-thiazol-2,5 biphenyl) tetrazolium bromide assay. The particles were spherical in shape exhibiting a 435 nm diameter with a low tendency to aggregate. The phthalocyanine- loaded-nanoparticles maintained their photophysical behavior after encapsulation. The cellular viability was determined, obtaining 70% of cellular death. All the performed physical–chemical, photophysical, and photobiological measurements indicated that the

phthalocyanine-loaded-nanoparticles are a promising drug delivery system for photodynamic therapy and photoprocesses. LIA T O DA Y View complete articles at jla.aip.org.

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LIA ANNOUNCES

Revised ANSI Z136.3 is here! to today’s manufacturing challenges and opportunities. This The ANSI Z136.3 – Safe Use of Lasers in Health Care is workshop will offer quality technical sessions and networking opportunities to discuss equipment and applications with top laser recognized as the definitive document on laser safety in all health industry leaders. Those care environments. It provides guidance for the safe use of lasers that will be attending are for medicine, diagnostic, cosmetic, preventative and therapeutic manufacturing engineers applications in any location where bodily structure or function is and managers, product altered or symptoms are relieved. This standard is intended for designers, process/ F O CUS : LASERS R MANUFACTURIN G use by all personnel associated with the installation, operation, R&D engineers, applications engineers, business developers and calibration and maintenance and service of a health care laser entrepreneurs, plant supervisors and anyone interested in laser system. A must for hospitals, medical centers, spas, veterinary materials joining technology (welding, joining or brazing). offices and clinics using lasers! There are sponsorship opportunities available for companies The Z136.3 revision was driven by the movement of the looking for that special niche market that this workshop represents. widespread use of medical lasers. This use of health care laser For more information, visit www.lia.org/laserwelding/sponsors, systems has made it essential to have a current document to guide or call 1.800.34.LASER. You can choose the level that best us in the approach to the safe use of these systems. The ANSI matches your company’s promotional goals and boosts your Z136.3 represents many necessary compromises to make it fit the brand visibility. needs of this diverse population of users of these medical laser systems. Visit www.lia.org/ANSI.3 to order your copy today. LME 2012 in october LME 2012 will be held in Schaumburg, IL, Oct. 23-24 and

ICALEO 2012 – save the date! will be the place to see the latest in The International Congress on Applications of Lasers & laser technology, Electro-Optics (ICALEO®), which has a 30-year history as the network with the conference where researchers and end-users meet to review the LIA T O DA Y industry’s elite and state-of-the-art in laser materials processing, laser microprocessing find solutions to current and future manufacturing needs. The and nanomanufacturing, as well as predict where the future will mission of LIA’s Lasers for Manufacturing Event (LME) is to lead, will be held Sept. 23-27, 2012 in Anaheim, CA. ICALEO provide a one-stop event for companies interested in integrating has been devoted to the laser technology into their production. Attendees will learn about field of laser materials laser choices, beam delivery, automation equipment, safety processing and is MARCH / APRIL 2012 considerations, applications development and meet exhibitors viewed as the premier that supply these products and services. source of technical There is still time to sign your company up as an exhibitor information in the or sponsor of this one-of-a-kind event. A variety of levels are field. Each year ICALEO features areas of topical interest. This available. Visit www.laserevent.org for more information or year’s featured sessions include diode lasers for processing and contact Jim Naugle at [email protected], 1.800.34.LASER. pumping, laser process monitoring and control, laser processing of biological materials, lasers in nanotechnology and environmental technology, laser hybrid processing, laser manufacturing for INTRODUCING CMLSOs’ BEST alternative energy sources and laser business development. PRACTICES PUBLICATION ICALEO offers various level sponsorship opportunities The Laser Institute of America has assembled the expert to help create a lasting impression with attendees. Sponsors knowledge of leading certified medical laser safety officers in a are acknowledged in a number of ways ranging from onsite new book, CMLSOs’ Best Practices in Medical Laser Safety. The signage to visibility on our ICALEO website. Sponsors are also book compiles the latest knowledge about establishing a medical included in the Advance Program and Technical Digest, which laser safety program, including laser safety regulations, how to is distributed to all attendees. From general refreshments to control and evaluate such programs and the duties of MLSOs receptions, ICALEO can highlight your company both online and (medical laser safety officers). onsite! Find a sponsorship that best fits your company’s strategy The 11-chapter book focuses on topics such as initial MLSO and needs. Visit www.icaleo.org for more information, or contact duties and responsibilities, beam and non-beam hazards and factors Jim Naugle at [email protected], 1.800.34.LASER. that determine laser-tissue interaction. The book’s contributors also address the importance of safety audits once a laser safety program LASER WELDING & JOINING has been established. Packed with useful figures and tables, the book includes samples of a medical laser safety inspection checklist, a WORKSHOP IN 2012 laser inventory sheet, a laser procedure record and laser safety audit Join us in Schaumburg, IL, Oct. 23-24 at LIA’s Laser Welding forms. This book’s publication coincides with the release of the 23 & Joining Workshop to learn from industry specialists from around just-revised ANSI Z136.3 standard. Both are available through LIA the world about applying laser materials joining technologies by visiting www.lia.org/store. Non-Profit Org. U.S. Postage PAID Permit #2342 Orlando, FL 13501 Ingenuity Dr., Suite 128 Orlando, FL 32826

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LASER WELDING & JOINING WORKSHOP October 23-24, 2012 | Schaumburg, Illinois USA Renaissance Schaumburg Hotel & Convention Center

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Photo courtesy of www.lia.org/laserwelding • [email protected] • +1.407.380.1553 Fraunhofer USA – Center for Coatings and Laser Applications

W&J_StD_12-ad_7.5x4.75.indd 1 2/21/12 10:24:16 PM