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Intro to Solar System Jovian Planets and Moons 1 Jovian Planets Jovian Planets and Moons Intro to Solar System Jovian Planets and Moons 1 Jovian Planets primitive, look much as they did at time of formation gas giants, completely different than the terrestrial planets Intro to Solar System Jovian Planets and Moons 2 Jupiter • largest most massive of all • size 140,00 km 11 Earths across • mass - 300 times Voyager Project, JPL, NASA that of Earth 3 • density 1300 kg/m Intro to Solar System Jovian Planets and Moons 3 Jupiter - Composition hydrogen, helium - liquid and gaseous gases that have been there since formation temperature: 130 K escape speed: 60 km/sec even hydrogen can’t get away! Intro to Solar System Jovian Planets and Moons 4 Jupiter - “Surface” there is NO surface !! convective flow in the atmosphere light regions: zones - tops of high pressure regions dark regions: belts - descending areas of low pressure convective flow tells us the interior is HOT! Intro to Solar System Jovian Planets and Moons 5 Jupiter - “Surface” rotation: 10 hours differential rotation => a fluid cloud speed: 43,00 km/hr Intro to Solar System Jovian Planets and Moons 6 Great Red Spot NASA permanent storm: observed in 1630 cooler than surrounding zone, is raised a few km above it rotates counterclockwise, 7 day period Intro to Solar System Jovian Planets and Moons 7 Jupiter - Atmosphere 82% Hydrogen 18% Helium ammonia ice crystals, liquid ammonia, water ice Galileo - Probe Entry Point 1000 km thick Intro to Solar System Jovian Planets and Moons 8 Jupiter - Internal Structure • low density and atmospheric composition materials like the Sun • radiates away more energy than it receives hot interior (heat from formation) Intro to Solar System Jovian Planets and Moons 9 Jupiter - Interior Structure differentiated outer layer: molecular hydrogen liquid hydrogen density pressure liquid metallic hydrogen Intro to Solar System Jovian Planets and Moons 10 Jupiter - Interior Structure core: heavy elements (rocky?) temperature 10 x Earth magnetic field: HUGE - 10 x Earth’s expected due to rapid rotation, metallic liquid core Intro to Solar System Jovian Planets and Moons 11 Jupiter - Moons Io - 3500 kg/m3 Europa - 3000 kg/m3 Ganymede - 1900 kg/m3 Callisto - 1800 kg/m3 Intro to Solar System Jovian Planets and Moons 12 Io •thin sulfur dioxide atmosphere •sodium emissions •volcanic eruptions •lava lakes Galileo Project, JPL, NASA surface of Io - youngest in the Solar System (no impact craters) Intro to Solar System Jovian Planets and Moons 13 Europa •water ice •filled in fractures •smoothest surface •devoid of craters •not primitive Galileo Project, JPL, NASA beneath the crust ??? Intro to Solar System Jovian Planets and Moons 14 Europa nearly the same size as our Moon Galileo Project, JPL, NASA Intro to Solar System Jovian Planets and Moons 15 Europa - Conamara Region Galileo Project, JPL, NASA icy crust is thin cracks interior was once hot Intro to Solar System Jovian Planets and Moons 16 Galileo Project, JPL, NASA Impact Crater - Pwyll Intro to Solar System Jovian Planets and Moons 17 Lightning on Jupiter Galileo Project, JPL, NASA Intro to Solar System Jovian Planets and Moons 18 Ganymede The Galileo Project, NASA Intro to Solar System Jovian Planets and Moons 19 Jupiter’s Inner Moons The Galileo Project, NASA Intro to Solar System Jovian Planets and Moons 20 InfraRed Jupiter Note: the ring R. Beebe (NMSU), NASA Intro to Solar System Jovian Planets and Moons 21 .
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