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FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGY Credits: 4

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FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGY Credits: 4 Subject: FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGY Credits: 4 SYLLABUS Forensic Psychology: Introduction and overview, Historical Perspective, Fields of Forensic Psychology, Education and Training, Global perspective in the field of forensic science: - history, development, education and training Organizational setup of forensic science lab and other national & international agencies: - FSL, CFSL, GEQD, FPB, NICFS, CID,CBI, Central Detective Training Schools, NCRB, NPA, Mobile Forensic Science Laboratories, IB, CPO, FBI, CIA, CSI, DAB, DEA, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms. Psychology and law, Understanding the role and duties of criminal investigators, qualification of a forensic scientist, Ethical Issues in Forensic Science: - defining ethics, professional standards for practice of criminalistics, code of conduct for expert witnesses, sanction against expert for unethical conduct, Expert witness, Civil commitment Forensic Medicine: Global Medical Jurisprudence, Legal Procedure in India: - Police inquest, Magistrate’s inquest, Coroner’s inquest, Oath and affirmation. Documentary evidence: - Medical certificates, medical reports, dying declaration. Understanding laws and ethics of medical practice Suggested Readings: 1. David Canter, Forensic Psychology, Oxford University Press 2. Alan M. Goldstein, Handbook of Psychology, Forensic Psychology, John Wiley & Sons 3. Curt R. Bartol, Introduction to Forensic Psychology: Research and Application, Sage Publications (CA) 4. Joshua Duntley, Evolutionary Forensic Psychology: Darwinian Foundations of Crime and Law, Oxford University Press INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW [MH] Forensic psychology [h] Forensic psychology is the intersection flanked by psychology and the justice system. It involves understanding criminal law in the relevant jurisdictions in order to be able to interact appropriately with judges, attorneys and other legal professionals. A significant aspect of forensic psychology is the skill to testify in court, reformulating psychological findings into the legal language of the courtroom, providing information to legal personnel in a method that can be understood. Further, in order to be a credible witness, for instance in the United States, the forensic psychologist necessity understand the philosophy, rules, and standards of the American judicial system. Primary is an understanding of the adversarial system. There are also rules in relation to the hearsay proof and most importantly, the exclusionary rule. Lack of a firm grasp of these procedures will result in the forensic psychologist losing credibility in the courtroom. A forensic psychologist can be trained in clinical, social, organizational, or any other branch of psychology. In the United States, the salient issue is the designation through the court as an expert witness through training, experience or both through the judge. Usually, a forensic psychologist is designated as an expert in a scrupulous jurisdiction. The number of jurisdictions in which a forensic psychologist qualifies as an expert increases with experience and reputation. Forensic neurophysiologists are usually asked to appear as expert witnesses in court to discuss cases that involve issues with the brain or brain damage. They also deal with issues of whether a person is legally competent to stand trial. According to R.J. Gregory in Psychological Testing: History, Principles, and Application, the main roles of a psychologist in the court system are eight- fold: Evaluation of possible malingering Assessment of mental state for insanity plea Competency to stand trial Prediction of violence and assessment of risk Evaluation of child custody in divorce Assessment of personal injury Interpretation of polygraph data Specialized forensic personality assessment Questions asked through the court of a forensic psychologist are usually not questions concerning psychology but are legal questions and the response necessity be in language the court understands. For instance, a forensic psychologist is regularly appointed through the court to assess a defendant's competency to stand trial. The court also regularly appoints a forensic psychologist to assess the state of mind of the defendant at the time of the offense. This is referred to as an evaluation of the defendant's sanity or insanity (which relates to criminal responsibility) at the time of the offense. These are not primarily psychological questions but rather legal ones. Therefore, a forensic psychologist necessity is able to translate psychological information into a legal framework. Forensic psychologists give sentencing recommendations, treatment recommendations, and any other information the judge requests, such as information concerning mitigating factors, assessment of future risk, and evaluation of witness credibility. Forensic psychology also involves training and evaluating police or other law enforcement personnel, providing law enforcement with criminal profiles and in other methods working with police departments. Forensic psychologists work both with the Public Defender, the States Attorney, and private attorneys. Forensic psychologists may also help with jury selection. Professional Opportunities in Forensic Psychology[h] There are numerous professional positions and employment possibilities for forensic psychologists. They can be practiced at many different employment settings. Academic Researcher [Sh] Academic forensic psychologists engage in teaching, research, training, and supervision of students, and other education-related activities. These professionals usually have an advanced degree in Psychology (most likely a PhD). While their main focus is research, it is not unusual for them to take on any of the other positions of forensic psychologists. These professionals may be employed at several settings, which contain colleges and universities, research institutes, government or private agencies, and mental health agencies. Forensic psychology research pertains to psychology and the law, whether it is criminal or civil. Researchers test hypotheses empirically and apply the research on issues related to psychology and the law. They may also conduct research on mental health law and policy evaluation. Some well- known psychologists in the field contain Saul Kassin, very widely-recognized for studying false confessions, and Elizabeth Loftus, recognized for her research on eyewitness memory. She has provided expert witness testimony for several cases. Consultant to Law Enforcement [Sh] Forensic psychologists also assist with law enforcement. They work in collaboration with the police force or other law enforcement agencies. Law enforcement psychologists are responsible for assisting law enforcement personnel. They are regularly trained to help with crisis intervention, including post-trauma and suicide. Other duties of law enforcement psychologists contain development of police training programs, stress management, personnel management, and referral of departmental personnel as well as their families for specialized treatment and counseling. Of course, ethical issues may arise, such as the question of which the client is (the police officer referred or the department, in regards to confidentiality). Correctional Psychologist [Sh] Correctional psychologists work with inmates and offenders in correctional settings. They serve both the role of an evaluator and a treatment provider to those who have been imprisoned or on parole or probation. Correctional psychologists may also take on the role of researcher or expert witness. Evaluator [Sh] These forensic psychologists take on the role of evaluating parties in criminal or civil cases on mental health issues related to their case. For criminal cases, they may be described on to evaluate issues including, but not limited to, the defendants‘ competency to stand trial, their mental state at the time of the offense (insanity), and their risk for future violent acts. For civil cases, they may be described on to evaluate issues including, but not limited to, an individual‘s psychological state after an accident or the families of custody cases. Any assessment made through an evaluator is not measured a counseling session, and so whatever is said or done is not confidential. It is the obligation of the evaluator to inform the parties that everything in the session will be open to scrutiny in a forensic report or expert testimony. Evaluators work closely with expert witnesses as several are described into court to testify with what they have come to conclude from their evaluations. They have a diversity of employment settings, such as forensic and state psychiatric hospitals, mental health centers, and private practice. Evaluators usually have had training as clinical psychologists. Expert witness [Sh] Unlike fact witnesses, who are limited to testifying in relation to what they know or have observed, expert witnesses have the skill to express opinion because, as their name suggests, they are presumed to be ―experts‖ in a certain topic. They possess specialized knowledge in relation to the topic. Expert witnesses are described upon to testify on matters of mental health (clinical expertise) or other areas of expertise such as social, experimental, cognitive, or developmental. The role of being an expert witness is not primary and it is usually performed in conjunction with another role such as that of researcher, academic, evaluator, or clinical psychologist. Clinical forensic psychologists evaluate a defendant and are then described upon as expert witnesses to testify
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