Pharmacognostical and Preliminary Phytochemical Profile of the Leaf
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Doctorat De L'université De Toulouse
En vue de l’obt ention du DOCTORAT DE L’UNIVERSITÉ DE TOULOUSE Délivré par : Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier (UT3 Paul Sabatier) Discipline ou spécialité : Ecologie, Biodiversité et Evolution Présentée et soutenue par : Joeri STRIJK le : 12 / 02 / 2010 Titre : Species diversification and differentiation in the Madagascar and Indian Ocean Islands Biodiversity Hotspot JURY Jérôme CHAVE, Directeur de Recherches CNRS Toulouse Emmanuel DOUZERY, Professeur à l'Université de Montpellier II Porter LOWRY II, Curator Missouri Botanical Garden Frédéric MEDAIL, Professeur à l'Université Paul Cezanne Aix-Marseille Christophe THEBAUD, Professeur à l'Université Paul Sabatier Ecole doctorale : Sciences Ecologiques, Vétérinaires, Agronomiques et Bioingénieries (SEVAB) Unité de recherche : UMR 5174 CNRS-UPS Evolution & Diversité Biologique Directeur(s) de Thèse : Christophe THEBAUD Rapporteurs : Emmanuel DOUZERY, Professeur à l'Université de Montpellier II Porter LOWRY II, Curator Missouri Botanical Garden Contents. CONTENTS CHAPTER 1. General Introduction 2 PART I: ASTERACEAE CHAPTER 2. Multiple evolutionary radiations and phenotypic convergence in polyphyletic Indian Ocean Daisy Trees (Psiadia, Asteraceae) (in preparation for BMC Evolutionary Biology) 14 CHAPTER 3. Taxonomic rearrangements within Indian Ocean Daisy Trees (Psiadia, Asteraceae) and the resurrection of Frappieria (in preparation for Taxon) 34 PART II: MYRSINACEAE CHAPTER 4. Phylogenetics of the Mascarene endemic genus Badula relative to its Madagascan ally Oncostemum (Myrsinaceae) (accepted in Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society) 43 CHAPTER 5. Timing and tempo of evolutionary diversification in Myrsinaceae: Badula and Oncostemum in the Indian Ocean Island Biodiversity Hotspot (in preparation for BMC Evolutionary Biology) 54 PART III: MONIMIACEAE CHAPTER 6. Biogeography of the Monimiaceae (Laurales): a role for East Gondwana and long distance dispersal, but not West Gondwana (accepted in Journal of Biogeography) 72 CHAPTER 7 General Discussion 86 REFERENCES 91 i Contents. -
Evolutionary Consequences of Dioecy in Angiosperms: the Effects of Breeding System on Speciation and Extinction Rates
EVOLUTIONARY CONSEQUENCES OF DIOECY IN ANGIOSPERMS: THE EFFECTS OF BREEDING SYSTEM ON SPECIATION AND EXTINCTION RATES by JANA C. HEILBUTH B.Sc, Simon Fraser University, 1996 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES (Department of Zoology) We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA July 2001 © Jana Heilbuth, 2001 Wednesday, April 25, 2001 UBC Special Collections - Thesis Authorisation Form Page: 1 In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the head of my department or by his or her representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. The University of British Columbia Vancouver, Canada http://www.library.ubc.ca/spcoll/thesauth.html ABSTRACT Dioecy, the breeding system with male and female function on separate individuals, may affect the ability of a lineage to avoid extinction or speciate. Dioecy is a rare breeding system among the angiosperms (approximately 6% of all flowering plants) while hermaphroditism (having male and female function present within each flower) is predominant. Dioecious angiosperms may be rare because the transitions to dioecy have been recent or because dioecious angiosperms experience decreased diversification rates (speciation minus extinction) compared to plants with other breeding systems. -
5Th Annual Botany-Zoology Postgraduate Symposium 14 April 2016
5th Annual Botany-Zoology Postgraduate Symposium 14 April 2016 Programme and Abstracts Trinity College Dublin: Botany-Zoology Postgraduate Symposium 2016 WELCOME Dear friends and colleagues, It is with great pleasure we welcome you all to the Fifth Botany-Zoology Postgraduate Research Symposium in Trinity College Dublin. Following on from successful previous Symposia the Departments of Botany and Zoology have come together again to present and discuss the wide variety of postgraduate research taking place within the School of Natural Sciences. This symposium is an important medium in which postgraduates are encouraged to share their research, ideas and techniques, as well as an opportunity to gain invaluable presentation experience. The ethos of the symposium is to provide each postgraduate student with a presentation platform that is open to constructive analysis from the audience. Therefore, for each presentation, HDFKDXGLHQFHPHPEHULVLQYLWHGDQGHQFRXUDJHGWR¿OORXWIHHGEDFNIRUPVZKLFKZLOODLG each student in the development of their presentation skills. Guidelines for completion of evaluation forms can be found in the end of this booklet. We would like to express our gratitude to Dr. Nina Alphey and Dr. Rob Thomas for kindly offering up their time to adjudicate the symposium. Furthermore, we would like to thank them in advance for the plenary talks they have prepared. We would also like to thank the staff of the Department of Botany and Zoology, especially Prof. Andrew Jackson, Martyn Linnie, Fiona Moloney and Aisling O’Mahony for their assistance -
Embelin: an HPTLC Method for Quantitative Estimation in Five Species of Genus Embelia Burm
Vijayan and Raghu Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2021) 7:55 Future Journal of https://doi.org/10.1186/s43094-021-00210-w Pharmaceutical Sciences RESEARCH Open Access Embelin: an HPTLC method for quantitative estimation in five species of genus Embelia Burm. f. K. P. Rini Vijayan and A. V. Raghu* Abstract Background: The plants belonging to the genus Embelia, a significant tropical genus with many biological activities, are benefiting because of their robust medicinal properties. Embelin is one of the principal bioactive molecules responsible for the medicinal properties of the genus Embelia. The quantification of the embelin compound among different species in this genus has not yet been investigated, so still uncertain which species and which part should be accepted. The present study was intended to establish a speedy and precise high- performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method for quantitative study of embelin in various plant parts of Embelia ribes, Embelia tsjeriam-cottam, Embelia basaal, Embelia adnata, and Embelia gardneriana. Result: This research confirmed the method as per the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. We achieved separation on silica gel 60 F254 HPTLC plates using propanol: butanol: ammonia (7:3:7 v/v/v) as a mobile phase. Densitometry scanning performed for detection and quantification at 254 nm and 366 nm. Among the species investigated, the highest amount of embelin was found in E. ribes fruits. Conclusion: Embelia ribes fruits are the best source of embelin. Embelin was first described in the endemic species, such as E. adnata and E. gardneriana. The method illustrated in this research may be applied for quantification of embelin and fingerprint analysis of other species within Embelia genus or described genera and chemo taxonomic studies of this genus. -
Medicinal Plants of India
www.asiabiotech.com Special Feature Medicinal Plants of India Dr Robin Mitra1, Associate Professor Brad Mitchell2, Sebastian Agricola3, Professor Chris Gray4, Associate Professor Kanagaratnam Baskaran5 and Dr Morley Somasundaram Muralitharan6 Introduction Crude extracts of fruits, herbs, vegetables, cereals and other plant materials rich in phenolics and antioxidant activity are of prime interest to the food industry because of their ability to retard oxidative degradation of lipids and hence improve the quality and nutritional value of functional food. Concomitantly, the importance of antioxidant constituents of plant materials in the maintenance of health and protection from coronary heart disease and cancer is also raising interest among scientists, food manufacturers and consumers as part of the current trend towards the use of herbal medicine. In addition, the use of complementary alternative medicine (CAM) by patients suffering from chronic disorders, such as cancers, heart, stroke and immune disorders has been well documented. CAMs are either used on their own (alternative treatments) or in addition to conventional medicine (complementary treatments). CAMs can be grouped into herbal medicines derived from medicinal plants, food supplements that include vitamin preparations, trace elements and other substances such as omega-3 fatty acids (Zimmerman and Thompson, 2002). Prior to undertaking an introduction to Indian medicinal plants, it is essential to mention that both Ayurveda, the traditional Indian medicine, and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) have remained by far the most ancient surviving traditions that are not only pragmatic in its approach but at the same token philosophically sound (Patwardhan et al., 2005). The essence of the Ayurveda system (from “ayus” or life, and “veda” or knowledge, and thus meaning the “science of life”) lies in the Atharva-Veda (Fernando 1 Lecturer in Biotechnology, Monash University Malaysia. -
Anatomical and Phytochemical Investigation of Embelia Tsjeriam-Cottam (Roem
International Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences TM ISSN: 2321-3272 (Print), ISSN: 2230-7605 (Online) IJPBSTM | Volume 8 | Issue 3 | JUL-SEPT | 2018 | 710-717 Research Article | Biological Sciences | Open Access | MCI Approved| |UGC Approved Journal | ANATOMICAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION OF EMBELIA TSJERIAM-COTTAM (ROEM. & SCHULT.) A.DC. Ananth V*, Anand Gideon V and John Britto S Research Scholar, Department of Botany, Bishop Heber College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli - 620 017. The Rapinat Herbarium and Centre for Molecular Systematics, St. Joseph’s College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli - 620 002. *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT Embelia tsjeriam-cottam (Roem. & Schult.) A. DC. is a valuable medicinal plant, used in Indian system of medicine. This article presents results of gross morphology, anatomy and phytochemical investigations on the selected species. KEY WORDS E. tsjeriam-cottam, Microscope, FT-IR, Preliminary phytochemistry. INTRODUCTION Family: Primulaceae India is one of the 12 mega-biodiversity countries in the Genus: Embelia world. It is well known for its varied flora thus reflecting Species: tsjeriam-cottam diverse habitats. The habit wise distribution of Botanical Name medicinal plants of the country indicates that the Embelia tsjeriam-cottam (Roem. & Schult.) A. DC. climbers constitute only 15% of the total population, Vernacular Name while erect or non-climbing forms (herbs, shrubs and Tamil: Vaivilangam, Malayalam: Basaal, trees) constitute 85%. Medicinal plants face a high Cheriyannattam, Kannada:Vaivalig, Choladhanna, Hindi: degree of threat because of unsustainable harvesting Babrang, Baibrang, Bayabrang, Marathi: Ambati, Kokla, methods and commercial exploitation. Waiwaraung, Sanskrit: Bidanga, Krimighnam, Vellah, Embelia tsjeriam-cottam (Roem. & Schult.) A. DC. Vidanga. belongs to Primulaceae. (APG IV 2016). -
A Comprehensive Review on Embelia Tsjeriam- Cottam A.DC A* B C a Department of Saidla, Ajmal Khan Tibbiya College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
Science Letters (2020) 1-3 Contents list available at Science Letters journal homepage:Science http://www.scienceletters.org/ Letters A comprehensive review on Embelia tsjeriam- cottam A.DC a* b c a Department of Saidla, Ajmal Khan Tibbiya College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India. b HudaDepartment Nafees of Biochemistry,, Sana AllNafees India Institute, S. Nizamudeen of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India. c Government Unani Medical College, Chennai, India. ArticleA R T History: I C L E I N F O EmbeliaA B S T tsjeriam- R A C cottamT A.DC is found in most of the parts of south India. It is commonly named as false black pepper because it look a lot like black pepper and that’s why mostly used adulterant for black pepper. It belongs to the family Myrsinaceae, the commonly used medicinal Received 27 December 2019 plant in the name of vidang, in local it is called red vidang. But irony is, it is not the true plant Revised 28 January 2020 of vidang, the true vidang is Embelia ribes Burm f. which is mentioned in ayurvedic manu- Accepted 2 February 2020 script being first identified by Susruta. Its fruit which is globosein shape and is used medicinally Available Online 5 February 2020 Keywords: and possesses similar actions & chemical constituents of Embelia ribes Burm f. Embelin is the major alkaloid present in it with other chemical components like cardiac glycosides, phenols, flavonoids etc. Few studies have revealed that it possess several pharmacological activities such Embelia tsjeriam- cottam, Antidiabetic, anti-tubercular, antibacterial, anti-inflammatoryetc. Many pharmacognostical Embelin, and pharmacological studies have been done on Embelia ribes Burm f. -
Floristic Survey of Vascular Plant in the Submontane Forest of Mt
BIODIVERSITAS ISSN: 1412-033X Volume 20, Number 8, August 2019 E-ISSN: 2085-4722 Pages: 2197-2205 DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d200813 Short Communication: Floristic survey of vascular plant in the submontane forest of Mt. Burangrang Nature Reserve, West Java, Indonesia TRI CAHYANTO1,♥, MUHAMMAD EFENDI2,♥♥, RICKY MUSHOFFA SHOFARA1, MUNA DZAKIYYAH1, NURLAELA1, PRIMA G. SATRIA1 1Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology,Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung. Jl. A.H. Nasution No. 105, Cibiru,Bandung 40614, West Java, Indonesia. Tel./fax.: +62-22-7800525, email: [email protected] 2Cibodas Botanic Gardens, Indonesian Institute of Sciences. Jl. Kebun Raya Cibodas, Sindanglaya, Cipanas, Cianjur 43253, West Java, Indonesia. Tel./fax.: +62-263-512233, email: [email protected] Manuscript received: 1 July 2019. Revision accepted: 18 July 2019. Abstract. Cahyanto T, Efendi M, Shofara RM. 2019. Short Communication: Floristic survey of vascular plant in the submontane forest of Mt. Burangrang Nature Reserve, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 2197-2205. A floristic survey was conducted in submontane forest of Block Pulus Mount Burangrang West Java. The objectives of the study were to inventory vascular plant and do quantitative measurements of floristic composition as well as their structure vegetation in the submontane forest of Nature Reserves Mt. Burangrang, Purwakarta West Java. Samples were recorded using exploration methods, in the hiking traill of Mt. Burangrang, from 946 to 1110 m asl. Vegetation analysis was done using sampling plots methods, with plot size of 500 m2 in four locations. Result was that 208 species of vascular plant consisting of basal family of angiosperm (1 species), magnoliids (21 species), monocots (33 species), eudicots (1 species), superrosids (1 species), rosids (74 species), superasterids (5 species), and asterids (47), added with 25 species of pterydophytes were found in the area. -
Chloroplast Genomes and Comparative Analyses Among Thirteen Taxa Within Myrsinaceae S.Str
International Journal of Molecular Sciences Article Chloroplast Genomes and Comparative Analyses among Thirteen Taxa within Myrsinaceae s.str. Clade (Myrsinoideae, Primulaceae) Xiaokai Yan 1, Tongjian Liu 2, Xun Yuan 1, Yuan Xu 2, Haifei Yan 2,3,* and Gang Hao 1,* 1 College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; [email protected] (X.Y.); [email protected] (X.Y.) 2 Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; [email protected] (T.L.); [email protected] (Y.X.) 3 Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China * Correspondence: [email protected] (H.Y.); [email protected] (G.H.) Received: 21 July 2019; Accepted: 10 September 2019; Published: 13 September 2019 Abstract: The Myrsinaceae s.str. clade is a tropical woody representative in Myrsinoideae of Primulaceae and has ca. 1300 species. The generic limits and alignments of this clade are unclear due to the limited number of genetic markers and/or taxon samplings in previous studies. Here, the chloroplast (cp) genomes of 13 taxa within the Myrsinaceae s.str. clade are sequenced and characterized. These cp genomes are typical quadripartite circle molecules and are highly conserved in size and gene content. Three pseudogenes are identified, of which ycf15 is totally absent from five taxa. Noncoding and large single copy region (LSC) exhibit higher levels of nucleotide diversity (Pi) than other regions. A total of ten hotspot fragments and 796 chloroplast simple sequence repeats (SSR) loci are found across all cp genomes. -
Genetic Diversity of Embelia Species, Maesa Indica and Ardisia
Bajpe et al RJLBPCS 2018 www.rjlbpcs.com Life Science Informatics Publications Original Research Article DOI: 10.26479/2018.0406.36 GENETIC DIVERSITY OF EMBELIA SPECIES, MAESA INDICA AND ARDISIA SOLANACEA SAMPLED FROM WESTERN GHATS OF KARNATAKA USING DNA MARKERS Shrisha Naik Bajpe1, Kigga Kadappa Sampath Kumara2, Ramachandra Kukkundoor Kini2* 1.Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College (Autonomous) Ujire, Mangalore. 2.Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore. ABSTRACT: Genetic diversity of three Embelia species, Maesa indica, and Ardisia solanacea were assessed using RAPD and ISSR markers. Twenty-five sample was collected from various parts of Western Ghats of Karnataka. Nine RAPD primer and five ISSR primer produced a total of 48 and 40 loci respectively. Overall percentage polymorphism of RAPD and ISSR was 44.17%±13.13, 36.5±13.57% respectively. Polymorphic information content for RAPD and ISSR analysis had a range of 0.629-0.884, and 0.524-0.783 respectively. Resolving power of RAPD primers ranged from 1.6 to 6.24, while for ISSR primer the range was 4.64-10.16. UPGMA dendrogram of RAPD and ISSR revealed two and three clusters respectively. Within the population, E. tsjeriam-cottam had the highest polymorphism (>80%). Three principal coordinates accounted for 62.66% and 73.2% cumulative variation for RAPD and ISSR respectively. Marker index of ISSR primer (5.568) was higher than the RAPD primers (3.54), hence ISSR was the efficient marker in the current analysis. KEYWORDS: Primulaceae, DNA Marker, Genetic Diversity, Polymorphism. Corresponding Author: Dr. Ramachandra K Kini* Ph.D. Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore. -
Supergene Evolution Via Stepwise Duplications and Neofunctionalization of a Floral-Organ Identity Gene
Supergene evolution via stepwise duplications and neofunctionalization of a floral-organ identity gene Cuong Nguyen Huua, Barbara Kellerb, Elena Contib, Christian Kappela, and Michael Lenharda,1 aInstitute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; and bDepartment of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland Edited by June B. Nasrallah, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, and approved August 5, 2020 (received for review April 7, 2020) Heterostyly represents a fascinating adaptation to promote out- addition, self-incompatibility is present in many distylous species breeding in plants that evolved multiple times independently. (9). In all examined cases, distyly is under simple Mendelian While L-morph individuals form flowers with long styles, short genetic control, with a dominant and a recessive haplotype at the anthers, and small pollen grains, S-morph individuals have flowers single S locus determining the morphs (10). With a few excep- with short styles, long anthers, and large pollen grains. The differ- tions, the dominant S haplotype causes S-morph and the reces- ence between the morphs is controlled by an S-locus “supergene” sive s haplotype L-morph flowers. Rather than a single gene, the consisting of several distinct genes that determine different traits S locus represents a supergene, that is, a chromosomal region of the syndrome and are held together, because recombination with at least two tightly linked genes that determine the different between them is suppressed. In Primula, the S locus is a roughly aspects of a coadapted set of phenotypes (10–12). Similar su- 300-kb hemizygous region containing five predicted genes. -
Plant Biodiversity Science, Discovery, and Conservation: Case Studies from Australasia and the Pacific
Plant Biodiversity Science, Discovery, and Conservation: Case Studies from Australasia and the Pacific Craig Costion School of Earth and Environmental Sciences Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Adelaide Adelaide, SA 5005 Thesis by publication submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology July 2011 ABSTRACT This thesis advances plant biodiversity knowledge in three separate bioregions, Micronesia, the Queensland Wet Tropics, and South Australia. A systematic treatment of the endemic flora of Micronesia is presented for the first time thus advancing alpha taxonomy for the Micronesia-Polynesia biodiversity hotspot region. The recognized species boundaries are used in combination with all known botanical collections as a basis for assessing the degree of threat for the endemic plants of the Palau archipelago located at the western most edge of Micronesia’s Caroline Islands. A preliminary assessment is conducted utilizing the IUCN red list Criteria followed by a new proposed alternative methodology that enables a degree of threat to be established utilizing existing data. Historical records and archaeological evidence are reviewed to establish the minimum extent of deforestation on the islands of Palau since the arrival of humans. This enabled a quantification of population declines of the majority of plants endemic to the archipelago. In the state of South Australia, the importance of establishing concepts of endemism is emphasized even further. A thorough scientific assessment is presented on the state’s proposed biological corridor reserve network. The report highlights the exclusion from the reserve system of one of the state’s most important hotspots of plant endemism that is highly threatened from habitat fragmentation and promotes the use of biodiversity indices to guide conservation priorities in setting up reserve networks.