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El Género Disciseda (Agaricales, Agaricaceae) En Baja California, México Revista Mexicana De Micología, Vol

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El Género Disciseda (Agaricales, Agaricaceae) En Baja California, México Revista Mexicana De Micología, Vol Revista Mexicana de Micología ISSN: 0187-3180 [email protected] Sociedad Mexicana de Micología México Ochoa, Carlos; Valenzuela, Eduardo; Alaníz, Jorge El género Disciseda (Agaricales, Agaricaceae) en Baja California, México Revista Mexicana de Micología, vol. 40, diciembre, 2014, pp. 23-26 Sociedad Mexicana de Micología Xalapa, México Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=88342644006 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto The genu. Disciseda (Agaricales, Agaricaceae) in Baja California, Mexico Abstract. At presentthree species of the genus Disdseda has been recorded for Baja Califomia: D. bovista, D. candica and D. hyaJoth'ix. Examination of herbarium specimens attributable 10 these species, allow us 10 discover among !he studied material, several rnisidentified species. These include, D. ceJvina, D. stuckertii and D. "","ucosa which respresent new records for the Baja Califomia mycobiota. These organisms were collected in arid and semi-arid habitats as well as disturbed soburban habitats. Some of the studied spedmens showed a larger and smooth, at Iight microscope, spore than previous recorded, butthe implica.tion of this variation is until now unknown. Keywords: Basidiomycetes, Lyeoperdales, taxonomy Resumen. A la fecha existen tres registros de Disciseda para Baja California. D. bovista, D. candica y D. hyaJoth'ix. En estudios recientes efectuados sobre material herborizado de este género se encontró que había nuevas especiesentremezcladas con las actualmente reconocidas, siendo estas D. ceMna, D. stuclrertii y D. "",'rucosa, por lo que en el presente trabajo se dan a conocer tres nuevos registros para la micobiota bajacalifomiana aumentando su catálogo a seis. Estos organismos se encontraron distribuidos en regiones áridas, semiáridas y suburbanas alteradas. Algunos ejemplares presentaron medida esporal grande diferente a Jos taxones conocidos, completamente lisas al óptico, por lo que se deja su estudio para futuras investigaciones. Palabras clave: Basidiomicetes, Licoperdales, taxonornfa Received 19September 2013; accepted 1 September 2014. Recibido 19deseptiembre 2013; aceptado 1 deseptiembre 2014. pérdida de los cordones rniceliares queda en posición apical ~Introducción (Calonge, 1998). Exoperidio formado por hifas entremezcladas conarenay materiaorgánica, permaneciendo El género Disciseda Czern. (Agaricales, Agaricaceae) se en la parte basal o media del cuerpo fructlfero. No presettta encuentra ampliamente distribuido a lo largo de la Penlnsula columela, ni subgleba. Capilicio tipo Iycoperdott de Baja California. Se caracteriza por presentar ejemplares fragmetttáttdose a uivel de los septos, cono sinporos. Esporas pequel\os, globosos a subglobosos, que llegana medirhasta 5 globosas a subglobosas, lisas a fuertemente ornametttadas cm de diámetro, semihipogeos a epigeo. Al madurar se bajo el MO, COtt cortos o largos pedicelos. Las especies de voltean de tal manera que el orificio basal originado por la este género, pueden confundirse macroscópicamente COtt aquellas deAbstoma G. Cunn.,Yconalgunas deBovista Pers. AutorJHlra correspolldenclll: Carlos OchOll De las primeras puede separarse por la presencia de una [email protected] apertura circu1ar apical bien definida, ausente enAbstoma y D. bovista, no así D. stuckertii que resu1tó de una recolecta de Bovista porque en sus cuerpos fructíferos no se presentan independiente. Por lo que con estos tres nuevos registros se restos del exoperídio mezclados contíerra que permanecenen amplia el conocimiento sobre el género Disciseda en Baja suparte mediaamanerade costra. California, México. Taxonómicamente Disciseda es considerado un género compl«io yaque sus especies son dificiles de separar, asociado a que los tres diferentes géneros presentan cuerpos ~Materiales y métodos fructíferos con características macroscópicas similares en forma, tamaño y color, queda claro que un número de Los ejemplares estudiados de D. cervina y D. verrucosa problemas taxonómicos todavía tienen que resolverse en este províenen de material depositado enelherbario, mientras que género (Moreno et al., 2003). Esto lo han hecho notar los de D. muelleri fueron recientemente recolectados. A los (Hemández-Navarro et al., 2013) al considerar que es organismos estudiados se aplicaron las técnicas rutinarias necesario realizar estudios molecu1ares de los holotipos de utilizadas en los estudios micológicos, basados en las Abstoma y la variabilidad de los basiodiomas de Disciseda características microscópicas de las esporas como sonmedida para conocer la validez del género Abstoma, asi mismo y tipo de ornamentación principalmente. Las preparaciones indican la importancia que han tenido el estudio de algunas microscópicas se realizaron en solución de KOH - 5 % Y regiones del genoma dentro del género Disciseda para la reactivo de Melzer. Para su identificación se utilizaron los separación de las especies conflictivas. trabajos de Cunningham (1942), Guzmán YHerrera (1969), A nivel mundial se conocen alrededor de 15 especies así como los trabajos de Aparicio-Navarro et al. (1994), (Calonge, 1998), de las cuales 10 están registradas para Esqueda-Valle etal. (1995, 2012), Ochoa etal. (2000), Pérez­ México y de ellas 5 para el estado de Sonora y Chihuahua Silva et al. (2000) y Moreno et al. (2003). Las especies (Aparicio-Navarro et al., 1994; Esqueda-Valle et al., 1995; estudiadas se encuentran depositadas en el Herbario BCMEX Pérez-Silva et al., 1994-2000; Lizárraga, et al., 2010; sección Micología de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Hemández-Navarro etal., 2013). UniversidadAutónoma de BajaCalifornia. En el norte y noroeste del país es donde más se han recolectado las 10 especies de Disciseda registradas para México, las cuales han sido recogidas en su mayoría de ~Resultados ydiscusión matorrales y pastizales áridos o subáridos (Hernández­ Navarro etal., 2013). EnBajaCalifornia sehanencontrado en Se revisaron 300 cuerpos fructíferos previamente suelo arenoso en chaparra1, pastizales y matorral desértico, a identificados como D. bovista, D. candida y D. hyalothrix los márgenes de los arroyos en bosque de encino, aliso y en entre los cuales 23 fueron identificados comoD. cervinay 18 bosque de pinos, desde el nivel del mar hasta los 2500 m de como D. verucosa. Es importante sella1ar lo conflictivo de altitud. Hasta hoy sólo tres especies de Disciseda se conocen este grupo, ya que se pudieron encontrar ejemplares con una para Baja California: D. bovista, D. candida y D. hyalothrix medida espora! de 7.5 - 9 m de diámetro, completamente lisas (Ochoa y Moreno, 1996). Sin embargo el material estudiado al óptico, que se salían de los patrones en la que estaban en este trabajo permitió determinar a D. cervina y D. encuadradas las demás especies, por lo que no pudieron ser verrucosa, entremezcladas en recolecciones deD. candida y ubícadas en ningún taxón conocido, razón por la que en este trabajo seprefiere dejarsuestudioparaotras investigaciones. Basidioma de 1.6-2.7 cm de diámetro, globoso, ..... ligeramente comprimido. Exoperidio de apariencia <1 Z ~ Agaricaceae verrugosa-arrugada, oscuro, conpartículas de tierraadheridas ¡¡;: Disciseda cervina (Berk.) Hollós, Noevenytani a lapartemedia de lafructificación dando laapariencia de una O Koezlemenyekl:lOl, 1902. falsa volva. Endoperidio liso, papiráceo, delgado, de color ~ Bovista cervina Berk. Aun. Mag. Nal. Hisl. 9:447, 1842. marrón grisáceo. Dehiscencia por un estuma prominente e Esta especie se caracteriza porpresentar sus esporas irregular de 0.3 - 0.5 cm de diám. Gleba polvorienta de color de (5-) 6 - 7 11m de diám., de lisas a ligeramente marrón. Sinbase estéril. ornamentadas, de color marrón amarillento, con cortos Esporas de 6 - 9.5 11m de diám., marrón amarillento, pedicelos. Cunningham (1942), sefiala que esta especie es globosas, espinosas en KüH, fuertemente reticuladas con el muy similar a D. candida, que la diferencia está en la reactivo de Melzer. Capilicio de 2 - 3.5 11m de diám., ornamentaciónespora!, yaque estaúltimapresentaesporas de subhialino a débilmente amarillento, de pared algo gruesa, menor tamafio (3.5-) 4 - 5.5 11m de diám., completamente pocoramificadoyescasamenteseptado,noporoso. lisas al óptico, criterio con el que estamos de acuerdo. Esta especie se caracteriza por presentar grandes Recientemente Hernández-Navarro et al. (2013) mencionan esporas fuertemente reticuladas enpreparaciones hechas con que alrevisarlaornamentación espora! delholotipo descartan el reactivo de Melzer (Guzmán y Herrera, 1969) indican que que el material identificado anteriormente de Sonora sea D. los ejemplares estudiadospresentaronesporas de 5.6- 6.4 11m cervina (Esqueda-Valle et al., 1995). Nosotros consideramos de diám., lisas, en etapajuvenil, mientras que al madurar se que son pocos datos para mantener el criterio expresado por vuelven equinuladas y reticuladas con una medida de 10.4- Hernández-Navarro (op. cit.). Fueregistrada porvez primera 14.4 (-16.8) 11m de diám. (Moreno et al., 2007) mencionan para México del estado de Sonora por Esqueda-Valle (op. que Abstoma townei, A. purpureum, A. stuckerii y A. cit.). Este es el primer registro de D. cervina para Baja reticulatumsoncuatroespeciesconesporasreticuladasdonde California. el tamafio y la ornamentación espora! sonmuy similares
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