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Conservation Reserve Program United States Department of Agriculture Conservation Reserve Program ANNUAL SUMMARY AND ENROLLMENT STATISTICS FY 2011 This report provides statistics for land enrolled in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), including a summary of FY 2011 CRP related activities, FY 2011 CRP outlays by payment type, continuous CRP enrollment activity, outlay and sign-up history, CRP practice and payment provisions, and environmental benefits index (EBI) history. The tables are based on contract data developed and maintained in CRP data files by Farm Service Agency (FSA) service centers and are generally based on the physical location of the CRP contracted land. The FY 2011 ended September 30, 2011. Data from Nevada, and Rhode Island not reported because of confidentiality concerns. Data from these States are included in the totals. The report was prepared by Alex Barbarika, Natural Resources Analysis Group, Economic and Policy Analysis Staff (EPAS), Farm Service Agency (FSA), U.S. Department of Agriculture. FSA’s Conservation and Environmental Programs Division operates the CRP and maintains the data used in this report. CONTENTS Overview .........................................................................................................................................................1 Activities .........................................................................................................................................................2 Environmental Benefits of CRP......................................................................................................................3 CRP Description and History........................................................................................................................10 Acres Enrolled by Year and Signup, Cumulative .........................................................................................17 Number of Contracts by Year and Signup, Cumulative ...............................................................................18 Outlays by Payment Type and State .............................................................................................................19 Enrollment by Signup Type and State ..........................................................................................................20 Enrollment by Conservation Practice ...........................................................................................................26 Enrollment by Erodibility Index ...................................................................................................................33 Enrollment by Wetland Practice ...................................................................................................................34 Enrollment by Cover Type ............................................................................................................................35 Expirations by Year ......................................................................................................................................36 Sign-up Periods and Eligibility Criteria ........................................................................................................38 Conservation Practices and Payment Provisions ..........................................................................................40 Environmental Benefits Index Factors and Points ........................................................................................42 CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM CONTRACTS IN EFFECT, SEPTEMBER 30, 2011 Sign-up Type Contracts Farms Acres Annual Rental Payments b/ ($Million) ($/Acre) General 348,459 228,746 26,230,886 $1,213 $46.25 Continuous Non-CREP 321,078 191,943 3,419,164 $317 $92.64 CREP 69,768 45,927 1,220,523 $158 $129.76 Farmable Wetland 13,825 10,876 253,797 $29 $113.40 Total Continuous 404,671 235,304 a/ 4,893,485 $504 $102.97 Total 753,130 417,705 a/ 31,124,371 $1,707 $55.17 a/ Number of farms not additive across sign-up types because a farm may participate in multiple sign-up types. b/ Approximates payments which were paid October 2011 (FY 2012), before adjustments for haying/grazing, non-compliance, terminations, part-year contracts. Includes annual incentive and maintenance allowance, but not one-time up-front signing and practice incentive payments. -1- CRP ACTIVITIES, FY 2011 October, 2010 • Increased State Acres for Wildlife Enhancement (SAFE) initiative allocations to Washington, Kansas, and Idaho by a total of 95,000 acres. • Expanded the areas eligible for the Illinois CREP. Total enrollment goal remains at 232,000 acres. December 23, 2010 • President Obama recognizes 25th anniversary of CRP (1985 Farm Bill signed into law December 23, 1985). January 2011 • FY 2011 general signup (#41) dates announced. March 2011 • Announced the Louisiana CREP II (Coastal Prairie Region) agreement, targeting 15,050 acres. • Signup 41 began March 14, 2011 and lasted through April 15, 2011. June 2011 • Announced acceptance of 2.8 million acres under general signup 41. August 2011 • Announced increased acreage allocation for Kansas’ Upper Arkansas River CREP from 20,000 acres to 28,950 acres. September 2011 • Expanded eligible land available for enrollment in Nebraska’s Platte-Republican River CREP. Enrollment goal remains 100,000 acres of cropland. Conservation Reserve Program Outlays ($1,000) 1/ Payment FY 2006 FY 2007 FY 2008 FY 2009 FY 2010 FY 2011 Annual Rental $1,666,462 $1,727,408 $1,785,767 $1,720,631 $1,709,079 $1,634,979 Signing Incentive $32,577 $18,366 $25,164 $25,828 Practice Incentive $49,573 $39,026 $43,246 $45,855 $70,181* $71,788* Haying/Grazing Adj. ($8,545) ($9,542) ($12,147) ($12,504) ($9,518) ($14,262) Wetland Restoration Incent. $1,105 $1,030 $932 $517 * * Cost-Share $100,096 $89,844 $84,238 $74,947 $66,721 $99,322 Total Financial Assistance $1,841,268 $1,866,131 $1,927,200 $1,855,274 $1,836,614 $1,791,827 * Breakdown of incentive outlays not provided after FY 2009. 1/ Not including technical assistance. Some outlay totals may have been updated from previous Annual Summaries. -2- United States 2011 The Environmental Benefits of the Conservation Reserve Program Fiscal Year 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Land Enrolled* million acres 36.8 34.6 33.8 31.3 31.1 In Buffers million acres 1.90 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.01 Wetlands million acres 2.06 1.98 1.98 2.05 2.22 HEL million acres 25.5 23.6 22.8 20.5 20.1 Reductions (not leaving field or intercepted by buffers)** million Sediment tons 216 219 220 220 226 Nitrogen million lbs 623 616 611 607 623 Phosphorus million lbs 124 123 123 122 124 Greenhouse Gas Reduction ( CO2 equivalent/Year)** CO2 Sequestered million metric tons 50 48 47 44 44 Reduced Energy and Fertilizer Use million metric tons 9 9 8 8 7 Total million metric tons 60 57 55 52 51 *Cumulative acres. ** Annual estimate. CRP improves water quality. Water quality benefits accrue in multiple ways: • CRP reduces the nitrogen and phosphorus leaving a field in runoff and percolate. Using models developed by the Food and Agricultural Policy Research Institute (FAPRI), in FY 2011 623 million pounds less nitrogen and 124 million pounds less phosphorus left fields due to CRP, 95 and 86 percent reductions, respectively. • Grass filters and riparian buffers (partial field enrollments) intercept sediment, nutrients, and other contaminants before they enter waterways. Using FAPRI’s model it is estimated that in 2011, 377 million pounds of nitrogen and 76 million pounds of phosphorus were intercepted by CRP buffers, nationally. • In 2011, grass and tree plantings reduced nitrate loss by 107 million pounds. Nitrate is a form of nitrogen that is biologically available to algae. Excess nitrate contributes to the formation of hypoxic zones in the Gulf of Mexico, Chesapeake Bay, and other waters. • Wetlands restored and constructed by CRP improve water quality by converting nitrate / nitrogen into benign atmospheric nitrogen. Iowa’s 69 CREP constructed wetland projects on 1,975 acres reduced nitrate runoff by nearly 700,000 pounds. -3- CRP enhances wildlife habitat. The 31.1 million acres of grass, trees, and wetlands established by CRP benefit numerous wildlife species. Several independent studies have identified benefits to multiple bird populations including: • Prairie Pothole Ducks – Researchers from the United States Fish and Wildlife Service estimated that the CRP contributed to a net increase of about 2 million additional ducks per year (30 percent increase in duck production) since 1992 in North Dakota, South Dakota, and Northeastern Montana. Populations fluctuate on a year-to-year basis due to differences in precipitation patterns. • Ringed-Neck Pheasants – Western EcoSystems Technology, Inc. found that, in prime pheasant habitat, a 4 percent increase in CRP herbaceous vegetation was associated with a 22 percent increase in pheasant counts. • Sage Grouse – The Washington Department of Natural Resources found that CRP enrollment was associated with halting a decline (25 percent between 1970 -1988) in sage grouse populations. The study found that a region without substantial CRP enrollment had continued sage grouse population decline. • Northern Bobwhite Quail – Mississippi State University found that quail were positively related to CRP upland buffer enrollment. The quail population response varies by cover and region. • Grassland Birds – The CRP was identified as a ‘Reason for Hope’ for grassland birds in United States Fish and Wildlife Service’s 2009 ‘State of the Birds’ report, which documented serious declines
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