Theoretical Foundations for Advanced Practice Forensic Nursing
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© Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION CHAPTER TWO © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT TheoreticalFOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Foundations NOTfor FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Advanced Practice Forensic Nursing Anita G. Hufft © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALEThis chapter OR DISTRIBUTION proposes organizing a conceptual frameworkNOT FOR for forensicSALE ORnursing DISTRIBUTION to define and establish the relationships among selected concepts identified as relevant to the practice of forensic nursing and to the understanding of the domain concepts of nursing. Such a framework provides opportunities to review relationships between © Jones & Bartlett Learning,healthcare LLC systems and forensic systems© Jones (judicial, & Bartlett correctional, Learning, legal) and LLC establish NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTIONthe assumptions upon which these viewsNOT are FOR based. SALE OR DISTRIBUTION CHAPTER FOCUS » Organizing© Jones Forensic & Bartlett Learning, LLC» Human Beings/Victimization© Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NursingNOT TheoryFOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION» Nursing NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION » Environment/Violence » Health KEY TERMS © Jones &» Bartlettassumptions Learning, LLC » lived experience© Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR» SALEcaring OR DISTRIBUTION » manipulationNOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION » critical thinking » organizing framework » evidence-based practice » revictimization » health » violence © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTIONIntroduction NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION The nursing profession is based on a specialized body of knowledge that reflects different philosophies and views about those phenomena of interest to nursing. Conceptualized as the science and technology of human caring, nursing is concerned with reality-based changing© Jones life patterns & Bartlett and experiences Learning, of humans LLC (Kenney, 1996; Rodgers© Jones& Knafl, & 2000). Bartlett Learning, LLC NursingNOT theory FOR provides SALE a OR conceptual DISTRIBUTION framework for organizing and relatingNOT FOR knowledge SALE OR DISTRIBUTION for nursing within what are recognized as domain concepts. Health, the environment, human beings, and nursing are the domain concepts of nursing science. When defined and interrelated sufficiently within a specific population or health event, these concepts have the potential to increase our understanding of human experiences within the contexts of © Jones &their Bartlett lives (Alligood Learning, & Marriner-Tomey, LLC 2006). © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 17 © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC. NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION. 3723 92008_CH02_Pass2.indd 17 8/23/11 2:05 PM © Jones & Bartlett18 Learning,CHAPTER TWO LLC: Theoretical Foundations for© AdvancedJones & Practice Bartlett Forensic Learning, Nursing LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION A conceptual framework provides a structure by which a discipline can be understood in terms of philosophical assumptions, theoretical methods, and developmental influences. Those forces that have shaped the development of forensic nursing occur in the wider con- text of society© Jonesand represent & Bartlett the point Learning, of contact LLC between healthcare systems© andJones legal & Bartlett Learning, LLC systems. ConsistentNOT FOR with SALEthe framework OR DISTRIBUTION for nursing, forensic nursing can be describedNOT FOR in SALE OR DISTRIBUTION terms of the domain concepts of nursing as a distinct area of education, practice, and sci- entific inquiry. A heuristic approach to understanding advanced practice nursing lies in the elaboration of definitions and relationships among the concepts of human beings, environ- © Jonesment, health,& Bartlett and nursing. Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC The forum of medicine and forensic science is an unlikely environment for the devel- NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION opment of a nursing specialty if one considers the common conception of nursing as a caring profession that emphasizes holistic understanding of the lived experience of per- sons (Kenney, 2006). Traditional views of nursing place caregivers at the bedside of a sick person, applying the art and science of compassion and healing to the restoration of © Jones & Bartlettthe Learning,human body, LLC mind, and spirit. Contemporary© Jones understandings & Bartlett of nursingLearning, encompass LLC a NOT FOR SALE wideOR DISTRIBUTIONvariety of settings and roles, including theNOT care FOR of society SALE and OR communities DISTRIBUTION through the identification and prevention of violence and traumatic injury (Burgess, Berger, & Boersma, 2004; Sheridan, 2004). A theoretical foundation for forensic nursing establishes linkages between caring constructs and forensic principles. Current trends© Jones in nursing & Bartlett include Learning, increased numbers LLC of nurses with graduate© Jones prepa -& Bartlett Learning, LLC ration and shared experiences with forensic populations. New themes in nursing educa- NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION tion stress critical thinking, evidence-based practice, and theoretical as well as experiential preparation of advanced nurse practitioners (Kenney, 2006; Oberle & Allen, 2001). Obser- vation of phenomena unique and common to forensic experiences, along with emerging prescriptions for nursing interventions specific to forensic populations, signal the need to © Jonesorganize & theoreticalBartlett Learning, knowledge applied LLC to forensic nursing. © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FORThe generalSALE conceptionOR DISTRIBUTION of any field of inquiry ultimately determinesNOT FOR the SALE kind of ORknowl DISTRIBUTION- edge the field develops. The patterns and images that emerge as we observe forensic cli- ents, forensic settings, and the interactions of forensic nurses and colleagues are indicative of the basic understanding we have of our field of work. It is characterized by bias and the influence of other experiences and disciplines, reflecting the nature of existing envi- © Jones & Bartlettronments Learning, in which LLC forensic nursing takes place© Jones(McEwen & & Bartlett Wills, 2002; Learning, Meleis, 2006). LLC In NOT FOR SALE additionOR DISTRIBUTION to empirical knowledge, nursing decisionsNOT FORare based SALE on knowledge OR DISTRIBUTION derived from our ethics and values, our sense of aesthetics, and our personal experience. The aim of the application of this knowledge is to organize nursing practice by comprehensively assessing clients, recognizing patterns, diagnosing problems, and using selected nursing methods and technology© Jones to care &for Bartlett and assist Learning, clients and their LLC families, as well as communities,© Jones in & Bartlett Learning, LLC their responsesNOT to FORthose problems.SALE OR Nurses DISTRIBUTION in forensic practice are obliged to NOTidentify FOR an SALE OR DISTRIBUTION organizing framework as the foundation of practice in order to systematically and reliably carry out its aims. © JonesOrganizing & Bartlett Forensic Learning, Nursing LLC Theory © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOTIn FOR order SALE to understand OR DISTRIBUTION forensic nursing practice as a distinctNOT nursing FOR specialty, SALE a bodyOR DISTRIBUTIONof knowledge that is unique to this application of nursing must be identified, along with a set of nursing interventions aimed at using this knowledge to apply the nursing process. © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC. NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION. 3723 92008_CH02_Pass2.indd 18 8/23/11 2:05 PM © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones &Organizing Bartlett ForensicLearning, Nursing LLC Theory 19 NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION The value of a conceptual framework for forensic nursing is threefold: (1) It allows for the public debate of philosophical assumptions about the specialty, providing the opportunity for self-evaluation and accountability to the public and to the profession; (2) the develop- ment© of Jones a conceptual & Bartlett framework Learning, provides LLCfor the structure of theoretical© Jones statements & Bartlett and Learning, LLC hypothesesNOT FOR suggesting SALE appropriate OR DISTRIBUTION and effective nursing interventions;NOT and FOR(3) hypoth SALE- OR DISTRIBUTION eses derived from a conceptual framework allow for systematic scrutiny and analysis of emerging care protocols. A conceptual framework also identifies developmental and polit- ical influences on the practice of forensic nursing, giving the profession a base from which © Jones &to determineBartlett Learning,best practices LLC and best policies for regulation© Jones within the& Bartlett field. Learning, LLC Forensic nursing is an evolving entity in search of an identity; it is in competition with NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION and in collaboration with such other disciplines and professionals as forensic psychiatry, forensic psychology, physician assistants, forensic pathologists, emergency room phy- sicians, and medical examiners, to name a few. Major