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Geography Teacher’S Guide Senior One
PROTOTYPE GEOGRAPHY TEACHER’S GUIDE SENIOR ONE LOWER SECONDARY CURRICULUM PROTOTYPE PROTOTYPE GEOGRAPHY TEACHER’S GUIDE SENIOR ONE LOWER SECONDARY CURRICULUM SENIOR ONE Published 2020 This material has been developed as a prototype for implementation of the revised Lower Secondary Curriculum and as a support for other textbook development interests. This document is restricted from being reproduced for any commercial gains. National Curriculum Development Centre P.O. Box 7002, Kampala- Uganda www.ncdc.co.ug TECHNOLOGY AND DESIGN PROTOTYPE Contents Preface ....................................................................................................................................... iv Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................................... v Chapter One: Introduction to Geography ....................................................................................... 1 Chapter Two: Showing the Local Area on a Map .............................................................................. 9 Chapter Three: Maps and Their Use .............................................................................................. 15 Chapter Four: Ways of Studying Geography .................................................................................. 36 Chapter Five: The Earth and its Movements .................................................................................. 51 Chapter Six: Weather and Climate............................................................................................... -
Small-Scale Solar Power Systems for Rural Tanzania: Market Analysis and Opportunities
SMALL-SCALE SOLAR POWER SYSTEMS FOR RURAL TANZANIA: MARKET ANALYSIS AND OPPORTUNITIES The Ohio State University GAP 2017 ENERGY BACKGROUND 3 PROJECT BACKGROUND 4 OVERVIEW OF SOLAR MARKET SEGMENTATION IN TANZANIA 5 EASE OF ADOPTION 9 OVERALL ANALYSIS 9 DEVERGY ANALYSIS 9 CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS 10 PROJECT RISK 10 SCALABILITY OF POWER CONSUMPTION 10 EASE OF ADOPTION 11 THE FAILURE OF MINI-GRIDS TO PROVIDE ELECTRICITY IN TANZANIA 12 THE BATTLE BETWEEN SUPPLY AND DEMAND 12 COMPLICATED PRICING STRUCTURES 12 DYNAMICS OF VILLAGE POLITICS 13 THREAT OF TANESCO 14 THE UKARA ISLAND PROJECT 15 OVERALL ANALYSIS 15 RECOMMENDATIONS 16 DO NOTHING, OR MORE CORRECTLY NEARLY NOTHING 16 CREATE AN ELECTRIC UTILITY 18 APPENDIX 21 1 SOLAR SEGMENTS 21 2 MARKET SEGMENTATION 21 3 PRESENT INSTALLED USER BASE 21 4 KEY FUNDS RAISED BY PAY-AS-YOU-GO COMPANIES 22 5 MEETING NOTES 23 ZOLA SOLAR IN ARUSHA 23 ZOLA – CORPORATE OFFICE 25 POWER PROVIDERS 27 MOBISOL 30 2 Energy Background Tanzania has a significant energy problem. At 15.5%, the country has one of the lowest access percentages in the world, a minor increase from 5.3% in 19901. While 68% of the country’s population resides in rural areas, it is estimated that only 2% of those citizens have access to energy of any form.2 Biomass fuel sources, such as firewood and charcoal, are the dominant energy sources, with kerosene and diesel shortly behind. The national grid, maintained by the parastatal Tanzania Electric Supply Company (TANESCO) under the direction of the Ministry of Energy and Minerals, provides electricity to 10% of the Tanzanian population through the form of petroleum, hydropower, and coal. -
The Somali Maritime Space
LEA D A U THORS: C urtis Bell Ben L a wellin CONTRIB UTI NG AU THORS: A l e x andr a A mling J a y Benso n S asha Ego r o v a Joh n Filitz Maisie P igeon P aige Roberts OEF Research, Oceans Beyond Piracy, and Secure Fisheries are programs of One Earth Future http://dx.doi.org/10.18289/OEF.2017.015 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS With thanks to John R. Hoopes IV for data analysis and plotting, and to many others who offered valuable feedback on the content, including John Steed, Victor Odundo Owuor, Gregory Clough, Jérôme Michelet, Alasdair Walton, and many others who wish to remain unnamed. Graphic design and layout is by Andrea Kuenker and Timothy Schommer of One Earth Future. © 2017 One Earth Future Stable Seas: Somali Waters | i TABLE OF CONTENTS STABLE SEAS: SOMALI WATERS .......................................................................................................1 THE SOMALI MARITIME SPACE ........................................................................................................2 COASTAL GOVERNANCE.....................................................................................................................5 SOMALI EFFORTS TO PROVIDE MARITIME GOVERNANCE ..............................................8 INTERNATIONAL EFFORTS TO PROVIDE MARITIME GOVERNANCE ..........................11 MARITIME PIRACY AND TERRORISM ...........................................................................................13 ILLEGAL, UNREPORTED, AND UNREGULATED FISHING ....................................................17 ARMS TRAFFICKING -
FOUNDATION PROGRAMME OFP 012 Geography
THE OPEN UNIVERSITY OF TANZANIA Institute of Continuing Education FOUNDATION PROGRAMME OFP 012 Geography Published by: The Open University of Tanzania Kawawa Road, P. O. Box 23409, Dar es Salaam. TANZANIA www.out.ac.tz First Edition: 2013 Second Edition: 2017 Copyright © 2013 All Rights Reserved ISBN 978 9987 00 252 8 2 Contents GENERAL INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 6 PART 1 EARTH’S STRUCTURE AND MATERIALS OF EARTH Lecture 1: The Meaning and Branches of Geography ................................................................... 8 1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 8 1.2 Geography: An Overview .......................................................................................... 8 Lecture 2: Structure of Earth ....................................................................................................... 12 2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 12 2.2 The Structure of Earth .............................................................................................. 13 Lecture 3: Origin of Earth ............................................................................................................ 16 3.1 Continental Drifting Theory ..................................................................................... 16 3.2 The Plate Tectonic Theory ...................................................................................... -
The Cross and the Crescent in East Africa
The Cross and the Crescent in East Africa An Examination of the Reasons behind the Change in Christian- Muslim Relations in Tanzania 1984-1994 Tomas Sundnes Drønen TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ...................................................................................................................................... 0 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................. 3 INTRODUCTION OF THE TOPIC. ............................................................................................................................ 3 PERSONAL INTEREST ........................................................................................................................................... 4 OBJECT AND SCOPE ............................................................................................................................................. 5 APPROACH AND SOURCES ................................................................................................................................... 7 CHAPTER ONE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND ....................................................................................................................... 10 1.1 PRE-COLONIAL TIMES ................................................................................................................................. 10 1.1.1 Early Muslim Settlements .................................................................................................................. -
The Foreign Military Presence in the Horn of Africa Region
SIPRI Background Paper April 2019 THE FOREIGN MILITARY SUMMARY w The Horn of Africa is PRESENCE IN THE HORN OF undergoing far-reaching changes in its external security AFRICA REGION environment. A wide variety of international security actors— from Europe, the United States, neil melvin the Middle East, the Gulf, and Asia—are currently operating I. Introduction in the region. As a result, the Horn of Africa has experienced The Horn of Africa region has experienced a substantial increase in the a proliferation of foreign number and size of foreign military deployments since 2001, especially in the military bases and a build-up of 1 past decade (see annexes 1 and 2 for an overview). A wide range of regional naval forces. The external and international security actors are currently operating in the Horn and the militarization of the Horn poses foreign military installations include land-based facilities (e.g. bases, ports, major questions for the future airstrips, training camps, semi-permanent facilities and logistics hubs) and security and stability of the naval forces on permanent or regular deployment.2 The most visible aspect region. of this presence is the proliferation of military facilities in littoral areas along This SIPRI Background the Red Sea and the Horn of Africa.3 However, there has also been a build-up Paper is the first of three papers of naval forces, notably around the Bab el-Mandeb Strait, at the entrance to devoted to the new external the Red Sea and in the Gulf of Aden. security politics of the Horn of This SIPRI Background Paper maps the foreign military presence in the Africa. -
What Caused the "Scramble for Africa"? by Thoughtco.Com, Adapted by Newsela Staff on 01.16.18 Word Count 978 Level 1220L
What caused the "Scramble for Africa"? By ThoughtCo.com, adapted by Newsela staff on 01.16.18 Word Count 978 Level 1220L Image 1. Askari colonial troops in German East Africa in 1906. An askari was an African soldier serving in the armies of the European colonial powers in Africa. Photo by: Wikimedia/German Federal Archive The Scramble for Africa (1880 to 1900) was a period of rapid colonization of the African continent by European powers. This article is available at 5 reading levels at https://newsela.com. 1 At the beginning of the 1880s, only a small part of Africa was under European rule. Just 20 years later, virtually the entire continent was under European control. What Caused The Scramble? There were several factors which led to the Scramble for Africa, most of which had to do with developments in Europe rather than in Africa. This article is available at 5 reading levels at https://newsela.com. 2 Exploration: During the 19th century, barely a year went by without a European expedition into Africa. The boom in exploration was triggered to a great extent by the creation of the African Association by wealthy Englishmen in 1788. The Association's members wanted someone to "find" the fabled city of Timbuktu and the course of the Niger River. As the century progressed, the goals of exploration changed, and rather than traveling out of pure curiosity, explorers started to record details of markets, goods and resources for the wealthy businessmen who financed their trips. Henry Morton Stanley: The explorer most closely connected to the start of the Scramble for Africa was Henry Morton Stanley, a Welshman who later became an American citizen. -
(I) the SOCIAL STRUCTUBE of Soumn SOMALI TRIB by Virginia I?
(i) THE SOCIAL STRUCTUBE OF SOumN SOMALI TRIB by Virginia I?lling A thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of London. October 197]. (ii) SDMMARY The subject is the social structure of a southern Somali community of about six thousand people, the Geledi, in the pre-colonial period; and. the manner in which it has reacted to colonial and other modern influences. Part A deals with the pre-colonial situation. Section 1 deals with the historical background up to the nineteenth century, first giving the general geographic and ethnographic setting, to show what elements went to the making of this community, and then giving the Geledj's own account of their history and movement up to that time. Section 2 deals with the structure of the society during the nineteenth century. Successive chapters deal with the basic units and categories into which this community divided both itself and the others with which it was in contact; with their material culture; with economic life; with slavery, which is shown to have been at the foundation of the social order; with the political and legal structure; and with the conduct of war. The chapter on the examines the politico-religious office of the Sheikh or Sultan as the focal point of the community, and how under successive occupants of this position, the Geledi became the dominant power in this part of Somalia. Part B deals with colonial and post-colonial influences. After an outline of the history of Somalia since 1889, with special reference to Geledi, the changes in society brought about by those events are (iii) described. -
Ethiopian and Eritrean Askaris in Libya (1911- 1932) Dechasa Abebe1
Ethiopian Journal of the Social Sciences and Humanities (EJOSSAH) ISSN (online): 2520-582X ISSN (print): 1810-4487 Ethiopian and Eritrean Askaris in Libya (1911- 1932) Dechasa Abebe1 Abstract A number of books and articles were published on the three consecutive Italian wars in Libya and its resistances during the first three decades of the twentieth century. However, the role and experiences of the Ethiopian and Eritrean askaris were rarely studied. Thus, this article is an attempt to disclose their role in the wars, why they were interested in being employed by the Italians and why Italy relied heavily on them instead of the Italian soldiers and the Libyan askaris. Historical sources, like the memoires of Italian military commanders and the askaris, travellers’ accounts mainly that of journalists, correspondence documents, and popular songs particularly that of Tigrigna were consulted to write this article. Moreover, publications produced by military historians on the Italian wars in Libya were also referred. While starvation and famines, poverty, unemployment and maladministration were the driving force from Eritrea and Ethiopia; salary, military uniform, guns and bullets, rations, protections and relative freedom were some of the attractions from the Italian side for the Ethiopians and Eritreans to be employed as askaris. In relation to these, political expediency or loss aversion, cost, fighting skill and courage, adaptability to Libyan topography and loyalty were some of the qualities of Ethiopians and Eritrean askaris that initiated the Italians to rely on. As a result, about 68 battalions fought in the wars. In the process, the askaris were identified by their Italian commanders as “warlike race” and best soldiers in contrast to the Italian soldiers and Libyan collaborators. -
Liquid Biofuels for Transportation in Tanzania
Liquid Biofuels for Transportation in Tanzania Potential and Implications for Sustainable Agriculture and Energy in the 21st Century Study commissioned by the German Technical Cooperation (GTZ) August 2005 Study funded by BMELV through FNR The views and opinions of the author expressed in this study do not necessarily reflect those of the BMELV Biofuels for Transportation in Tanzania Preface The work was commissioned by the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) in Eschborn and makes a contribution to a more comprehensive project on international level that investigates the possible opportunities of biofuels especially in developing countries. Reviewers: Elke Foerster (GTZ), Dirk Assmann (GTZ), Christine Clashausen (GTZ), Birger Kerckow (FNR), Uwe Fritsche (Oeko-Institut). Partnership WIP – Renewable Energies Dr. Rainer Janssen Sylvensteinstrasse 2, 81369 Munich, Germany email: [email protected] http://wip-munich.de Themba Technology Dr. Jeremy Woods Gareth Brown Linden Square, Coppermill Lock, Harefield, Uxbridge UB9 6TQ, United Kingdom email: [email protected] http://www.thembatech.co.uk Tanzania Traditional Energy Development and Environment Organisation (TaTEDO) Estomih N. Sawe P.O. Box 32794, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Tel. +255 22 2700 –771 (- 438 Fax) email: [email protected] http://www.tatedo.org Integration Umwelt und Energie GmbH Ralph Pförtner Bahnhofstr. 9, 91322 Gräfenberg, Germany Tel. +49 9192 9959 -0 (-10 Fax) email: [email protected] http://www.integration.org 2 Biofuels for Transportation in Tanzania Executive Summary The successful growth of African economies hinges on their modern energy, of which liquid fuel plays an important role. Sharp fluctuations in oil prices have thwarted development plans in Africa and forced many countries to review their development and services project, their overall expenditure and their external trade relations. -
Tourist Perceptions of Their Environmental Impacts In
TOURIST PERCEPTIONS OF THEIR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS IN TANZANIA A thesis submitted to Kent State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts by Anna Marie Solberg August 2017 © Copyright All rights reserved Except for previously published materials Thesis written by Anna Marie Solberg B.S., Northern Michigan University, 2015 M.A., Kent State University, 2017 Approved by Sarah L. Smiley, Advisor Scott Sheridan, Chair, Department of Geography James L. Blank, Dean, College of Arts and Sciences TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................................... vii LIST OF TABLES ...........................................................................................................................x DEDICATION ............................................................................................................................... xi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................................................................................................... xii ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS .................................................................................... xiii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................1 CHAPTER 2: TOURISM, GEOGRAPHY, AND THEIR ENVIRONMENTAL LINKAGES .....6 a. Tourist Typologies ...................................................................................................7 b. Tourism and its -
Swahili-English Dictionary, the First New Lexical Work for English Speakers
S W AHILI-E N GLISH DICTIONARY Charles W. Rechenbach Assisted by Angelica Wanjinu Gesuga Leslie R. Leinone Harold M. Onyango Josiah Florence G. Kuipers Bureau of Special Research in Modern Languages The Catholic University of Americ a Prei Washington. B. C. 20017 1967 INTRODUCTION The compilers of this Swahili-English dictionary, the first new lexical work for English speakers in many years, hope that they are offering to students and translators a more reliable and certainly a more up-to-date working tool than any previously available. They trust that it will prove to be of value to libraries, researchers, scholars, and governmental and commercial agencies alike, whose in- terests and concerns will benefit from a better understanding and closer communication with peoples of Africa. The Swahili language (Kisuiahili) is a Bantu language spoken by perhaps as many as forty mil- lion people throughout a large part of East and Central Africa. It is, however, a native or 'first' lan- guage only in a nnitp restricted area consisting of the islands of Zanzibar and Pemba and the oppo- site coast, roughly from Dar es Salaam to Mombasa, Outside this relatively small territory, elsewhere in Kenya, in Tanzania (formerly Tanganyika), Copyright © 1968 and to a lesser degree in Uganda, in the Republic of the Congo, and in other fringe regions hard to delimit, Swahili is a lingua franca of long standing, a 'second' (or 'third' or 'fourth') language enjoy- ing a reasonably well accepted status as a supra-tribal or supra-regional medium of communication. THE CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF AMERICA PRESS, INC.