MATEC Web of Conferences 139, 00014 (2017) DOI: 10.1051/matecconf/201713900014 ICMITE 2017

Design Analysis Method for Multidisciplinary Complex Product using SysML

Jihong Liu1,*, Shude Wang1, and Chao Fu1 1 School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, 100191 Beijing, China

Abstract. In the design of multidisciplinary complex products, model-based engineering methods are widely used. However, the methodologies only contain only modeling order and simple analysis steps, and lack integrated design analysis methods supporting the whole process. In order to solve the problem, a conceptual design analysis method with integrating modern design methods has been proposed. First, based on the requirement analysis of the quantization matrix, the user’s needs are quantitatively evaluated and translated to requirements. Then, by the decomposition of the function knowledge base, the total function is semi-automatically decomposed into the predefined atomic function. The function is matched into predefined structure through the behaviour layer using function-structure mapping based on the interface matching. Finally based on design structure matrix (DSM), the structure reorganization is completed. The process of analysis is implemented with SysML, and illustrated through an aircraft air conditioning system for the system validation.

1 Introduction decomposition and function modeling, function structure mapping and evaluation, and structure reorganization. In the process of complex product design, system The whole process of the analysis method is aimed at engineering is a kind of development methods which providing designers with an effective analysis of ideas covers a wide range of applications across from system and theoretical support to reduce the bad design and , function decomposition to improve design efficiency. physical construction, and so on. The purpose is to The paper is organized as follows: The second part of ensure that the user’s needs are satisfied throughout the the article briefly introduces the relevant theoretical whole life cycle of the system and that the efficiency basis, the third part describes the specific benefits are maximized [1]. With the increase of the implementation process of the method, and the forth part complexity of the product, the document-based system uses the aircraft air conditioning system as an example to engineering is difficult to meet the current R&D verify the effectiveness of the method. The last part is requirements, and the model-based system engineering the article summary. (MBSE) becomes the best choice in the context of integrating the multidisciplinary and multidisciplinary background. The core idea is to model the development 2 Theoretical of all the information related to the system design from the beginning of the system research and development, 2.1 MBSE methodology and as a central system model throughout the product system life cycle. The contribution of MBSE to short the development However, the existing MBSE methodology only cycle and reduce the cost, not only rely on the ability to contains the modeling process of each stage, describe a strong system , but also experience-based analysis process, and short of rigorous need the support of scientific methodology. From a analysis theory and analysis methods [2]. The existing broad sense of conceptual perspective, MBSE analysis theory is difficult to combine the characteristics methodology is a collection of processes, languages, and of SysML model, and can’t be good for SysML tools that support the full range of product development Expression. It is also difficult to support the whole under "modeled" trends. At present, the mainstream process of model establishment. In this paper, by methodologies include [3]: IBM Harmony-SE, INCOSE combining the conceptual design analysis theory and the object-oriented system engineering method, using the expression characteristics of SysML model, a design "onion" model of the Vitech MBSE methodology, RUP analysis method is proposed to support the conceptual SE methodology developed from the design stage of complex product in the multi-disciplinary Development Framework (RUP), field with the requirement analysis, function Product system modeling methods based on the complex

* Corresponding author: [email protected] © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). MATEC Web of Conferences 139, 00014 (2017) DOI: 10.1051/matecconf/201713900014 ICMITE 2017

state analysis lthough the modeling order and the Start analysis rocess are different in different methodologies,

they do not include secific analytical methods User Requirement

Standardized 2.2 SysML System requirements requirements description match SysML has the characteristics of obectoriented, library Determine the requirements weight grahical, latformindeendent, and can describe, Initial system analyse, design and erify the comle systems coering requirements softare, hardare and other information, and roide isual semantics eression for system reuirements, Analyze the relationship behaior, structure and arameter modeling to ensure between the that modelbased research and deeloment can coer requirements through the system design to the imlementation of the

arious stages ombined ith the characteristics of Construct the system engineering, SysML has been imroed based on mapping matrix the ML, and model the hole concetual design hase

by eressing the four tyes of design information Matrix analysis reuirement, behaior, structure and arameters of the

system through nine grahs he reuirement and System arameter is the ne in SysML Requirement

End 2.3 modern design methods Fig.1. The process of requirement analysis Modern design theory can roide the theoretical basis for MS analysis here are many inds of modern Ste according to the roduct roerties, the roduct design methods technical staffs establish this tye of roduct n the combination of modern design method and standardiation reuirements descrition library, such as MS, ang studied the system engineering method air conditioning refrigeration, rice and other content, to and MS model system based on aiomatic design, transort the nonstandard reuirement descrition and combined the aiomatic design rocess ith MS roided by the customers, into the system reuirements modeling system ut the core theory of aiomatic described ith the standard technical terms in this design can’t support the whole process of conceptual domain design Ste establishing the maing matri user needs to uan and Liu studied the function eand system reuirements, the alication of uality decomosition using SysML nd iacomo reosed function of thought , the user needs to eigh a method to the deeloment of mechatronic systems maed to the system reuirements t the same time, based on SysML oeer, those methods are not able the descrition of the reuirement relation is etended to suort the the hole rocess of design and the reuirement relation of the system is analysed he reuirement relationshi includes the inclusion, trace, derie, refine, satisfy, and erify, to uantify 3 Multidisciplinary complex product seeral relationshis to determine the system design analysis method reuirements he standard of uantifying is shon in the able 3.1 Requirement analysis based on quantization Table 1. he standard of uantifying matrix elationshi ontain race erie efine Satisfy erify euirements analysis is an imortant stage in the eight rocess of roduct design uality unction eloyment Ste , the resulting system reuirements for attribute hich is a idely used design method is used in analysis, the roerty is defined as the functional the concetual design hase to ensure that the reuirements describe the system function reuirements reuirements from the customer or maret is accurately tye and nonfunctional reuirements other tyes of transferred to the roduct life cycle by analysing the needs, including rice, sie constraints, that is, system uality house each stage of the releant technology and functions and roduct constraints measures n this aer, through the alication of thining, the user needs into a standardied system reuirements descrition, hile the use of analytical 3.2 Function decomposition based on function matri, analysis and ealuation, in order to get more in knowledge base line ith roduct system reuirements he secific rocess is shon in ig he function modeling of the roduct is realied through the rocess of function decomosition here are many ays to realie the function decomosition ccording to

2 MATEC Web of Conferences 139, 00014 (2017) DOI: 10.1051/matecconf/201713900014 ICMITE 2017

the characteristics of the s this paper proposes the function of the susstes defined the input and function decoposition ethod ased on the function output flow changes of the susstes nowledge asis n this ethod the ualitatie tep esigners of different doains decopose processing reasoning theor is applied he the function of their susste according to the change tpe is diided into four tpes tpe change following principles irst according to the change of nuerical change alue space change and deriatie the alue of the strea the change of the alue tpe is change he analsis of the change tpe is carried out to defined as the result of the decoposition of the first coplete the function decoposition ased on flow he laer nd then the decoposition of the sufunction on specific process is shown in ig the net laer according to the alue of change the alue of space changes deriatie changes again function decoposition the foration of the net leel Start of function tep stalish the function effect nowledge ase Define total and define the atoic function that is the function that function isn’t needed redecoposition function and the function ased on the phsical or cheical effects such Decompose total function form discipline and domain as the oule effect the effect of the input and output flow changes he results of the preious analsis can e atched to support the effect of the change and then Domain sub-function decoposed into atoic functions or the sufunctions which can’t be matched the appropriate atomic function

Decompose the function through the effect all the atoic functions will e according to the change in value type retrieed and atched according to the change tpe of input and output streas through the ehaustie ethod For the function that isn’t able to be deposed, expert Decompose the function according to other types opinion is needed to redefine the atoic function and of changes then need to e added to the nowledge ase so as to get a coplete hierarchical function odel

Yes Decompose the Multiple effects function according to the effects 3.3 Function-structure mapping based on interface matching

No No fter the function odeling is copleted the Working Decompose principle function based on functionstructure apping needs to e estalished he support exhaustive methods Yes result of the function odel is apped to the structure in

Decompose to the order to otain the oerall structure odel he phsical atomic function according to the structure to realie the atoic function can e deduced principle Function effect through the function odel and the connections knowledge base Yes etween the structure interfaces need to e estalished to Exist the function not achiee the coplete sste conceptual design schee solved he apping process is diided into two categories he No Function first one is the functionstructure direct apping ainl model of each domain through the port atching relationship which can proide an alternatie design for the structure he other aes use of the epected ehaior as an Domain model fusion based on interediate transition laer to realie the stream type functionehaiorstructure of the three laers odel apping he forer ainl focuses on the adaptie System design process of the structure schee with sufficient resources and the latter can e carried on the innoatie End design through the principle selection process he algorith flow is shown in ig Fig. 2. The process of function decomposition n this paper the estalishent of functionstructure nowledge ase in the field will support the structure to tep ccording to the characteristics of the function of the apping process he nowledge ultidisciplinar and ultidisciplinar the oerall ase contains the following stuff function of the sste is decoposed into the oerall he direct apping relationship etween the functions of the susstes according to the function and the structure including the preious characteristics of the susstes such as the control definition of the atoic function and the structure to susste the echanical susste and the total support the function

3 MATEC Web of Conferences 139, 00014 (2017) DOI: 10.1051/matecconf/201713900014 ICMITE 2017

Start , accordin to the desin structure matrix is a powerful tool for product deelopment, proect plannin, sstem enineerin, oraniational desin, and Atomic function predefined so on mon them, roduct rchitecture applies clusterin alorithm to reduce the couplin N Map to the expected behavior Predefined according to the between modules n this paper, the resultin structures flow type Y are clustered collection of substructures form a

Map to module to reduce the couplin between modules, structure N improe the independence of the structure Matched fter the hierarchical module structure is formed, the Matched Y sstem constraints need to be decomposed accordin to Y N Map to the the sstem structure until the bottom laer he desin of Map to the structure the structure is accomplished structure according to the through the port Behavior

N 4 Expression using SysML N Match structure Matched Matched according to expert opinion hrouh the sstem reuirements and the relationship Y Y between reuirements that are obtained from the first step, the s reuirements model is established he relationship between the reuirements is expressed b

End the reuirement diaram he diaram is used to define the staeholders, dentif the sstem Fig. 3. The process of function-structure mapping boundaries and determine the use case description of the total sstem function Functionbehaiorstructure mappin relationship, he function model will be expressed in the form of the complex atomic function, throuh the method of the the actiit diaram to determine the loical relationship behaior laer, then mapped to the structure e serial, parallel, input and output between the he atomic functions decomposed in the preious different functions t the same time, the hierarch step, which can be mapped to the predefined atomic relationship between the actiities will be expressed b functions in the oriinal nowlede base, will be mapped the bloc definition diaram to the specific structure accordin to the mappin fter the structure reoraniation is completed, the relation in the functionstructure nowlede base For hierarchical relationship between the structure modules the absence of predefined atomic functions, it is is described b the pacae diaram he relationship necessar to analse the behaior that supports the between the structure and the constraint is described b function, and then map to the specific structure he usin the module definition chart and the internal mappin process is shown in the fiure module diaram Finall, the structure is allocated to the fter the functionstructure mappin is completed, actiit diaram to build the whitebox description of the the mappin results need to be ealuated he functions functionstructure mappin matrix is established to anale the relationship between functions and structures he axioms of axiomatic desin are applied to determine 4 Implementation and case study whether the matrix is coupled f the couplin matrix, it he approach presented in this article is based on the is necessar to map the structure aain to ensure the release of o aics ameo stems odeler independence amon functions pluin usin the aircraft air conditionin sstem as an example, the analsis process is erified The sstem 3.4 Structure reorganization based on DSM interface is shown in Fi fter determinin the sstem infrastructure, it is necessar to carr out structure reoraniation to ensure to build the sstem structure that has the hih polmeriation within the module, and low couplin between the modules n this paper, the followin two methods are proposed to determine the process to Fig. 4. Illustration of the plug-in menu complete the sstem reoraniation , accordin to the function hierarchical structure of First of all, the reuirements of air conditionin the reerse reoraniation, structure modules are built b sstem are drien from the sstem reuirements bottom up he hierarchical structure of the functions Therefore, we don’t need to get those from the users. decomposed b the independent function, so the he reuirements are shown in the Fi fter functions are independent of each other and the couplin analsis, temperature control reuirements are functional is low he direct reerse reoraniation can et a reuirements, and the use case diaram is established reasonable structure model

4 MATEC Web of Conferences 139, 00014 (2017) DOI: 10.1051/matecconf/201713900014 ICMITE 2017

oweer, there are still limitations for this work. nss nd mng n on e done through sme mthng roess, wthout the ton of ntegent gorthms to rode suort for the desgner. The method rees on redefned tom funtons nd strutures, nd s more rett. The t to suort the mode to utomt generte s oor. These ftors w e onsdered nd refned n the future wor.

Fig. 5. The system requirement Acknowledgements The temperature control function is set to the total function, and decomposed. First, according to the flow type changes , Ths wor hs een suorted roet of the ton it’s divided into temperature changes, trim and control and e Tehnoog uort rogrm, hn warning. And then, based on the principle of decomposition, o.. the cooling function is divided into heat exchange, heat energy into mechanical energy and so on. Therefore, it is decomposed into heat exchange and working outside. In the cooling process, References the air vapor is condensed into liquid, so the moisture need to be discharged. 1. J. Holt, S. Perry, SysML for After the function decomposition is completed, the atomic (IET, 2008) function is mapped to the predefined structure. By matching 2. Haoqi W. Zhang X, System Engineering Method with ports, it can be found that the drive turbine can be Based on and MBSE Modeling matched to the turbine structure. The heat exchange can be Framework, ASME, V01BT02A038 (2016) matched to the heat exchanger. Drain can be matched to the drain valve. Then the strunctures are allocated to the activities. 3. J. A. Estefan. Survey of Model-Based Systems The results need to be verified by independent axiom. Engineering (MBSE) Methodologies (2008) fter the sstem struture reorgnton, ou n get 4. . omete sstem herrh. The sstem s shown n Language specification. (2009) g.. 5. J. S. Gero. Design Prototypes: A Knowledge Representation Schema for Design. Ai Magazine, 11(4):26-361990 (1990) 6. Lin Y, Yusheng L, A hybrid approach for the automation of functional decomposition in conceptual design, J ENG DESIGN, 27:4-6, 333-360 (2016) 7. B. Giacomo, F. Cesare, B. Roberto, A model-based design methodology for the development of mechatronic systems, MECHATRONICS, 24, 833-843 (2014) Fig. 6. The air conditioning System 8. S Centre K. The Situated Function-Behaviour-Structure Framework, DESIGN STUD, 25(4), 373-391 (2001) 5 Conclusion and future work 9. P. S. Nam., Axiomatic Design – Advances and n ths er, the whoe roess of desgn Applications (China Machine Press, 2004) nss s estshed ntegrtng modern desgn 10. S. D. Eppinger, T. R. Browning. Design structure method, whh soes the roem tht method matrix methods and applications (MIT press, 2012). s the suort of sentf desgn theor, n order to 11. Xiaojin X, Shiquan L, Design Analysis of Civil rode desgners wth omete nss method nd Aircraft Air Conditioning System, CSTI, 16, 188 nss roess. urthermore, ths method mes the (2014) desrton of the nss resuts wth omnng the 12. MagicDraw Open API User Guide 2017. No Magic, hrtersts of s, n order to estsh Inc. omete s mode, nd gret mroe the desgn effen nd ur.

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