H R CH’OMA-BONGMARCHCAMP RESTRICTED 25,NO. 2020 25 AREA H R N K N K North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp No. 25 - Update 2

analysis also supports escapee and other Prisons Bureau of the State Security located on the south bank of the Sol- square yards) and was expanded slightly reports indicating that Camp No. 25’s Department (SSD), which is under the gol-ch’ŏn (i.e., Solgol stream) across from by January 27, 1976, when it measured primary economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters light industry and agriculture. Despite Specifically, it is under the control of the foot and two road bridges connect it. (765 yards by 344 yards) and encom- extensive satellite imagery coverage SSD's North Hamgyong Provincial passed 15.30 hectares (181,987 square The date of establishment of Camp No. 6 of the camp, AllSource is presently Bureau and is located approximately 25 is unclear. One report indicates that yards) (Figure 1, Figure 2). unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- the camp was used as a prisoner-of-war High-resolution satellite imagery from open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, camp housing South Korean soldiers at January 18, 2003, through September prisoner population of 5,000 people. Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is North Korea’s Long-termthe end of thePrison-Labor Korean War.5 This, how- 21, 2015, indicates that the camp has As with the analytical caution presented ever, remains to be verified as it may not expanded during this period and that its in previous reports (such as North 4 It is interesting to note that although the escapee be referring to the present day camp but primary economic activities are centered Korea: Imagery Analysis Camp 16 and descriptions of this facility’s mission matches that rather to an activity in this area. The area on agriculture and light industry (Figure 3 Facility Kyo-hwa-soof other kwan-li-so, the physical characteristics obNo.- 1, Kaech’ŏn North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp served in satellite imagery are more representative in which it is located has been involved through Figure 15). 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony in agricultural activities since at least the Several small villages and military Analysis), it is important to reiterate penitentiaries and prison camps. David Hawk, The 1950s. Satellite imagery does indicate facilities are located in the general area that North Korean officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, 2012, around the camp. The camp is connected thoseJoseph within the Korean S. People’s Bermudez, Army Jr., Greg Scarlatoiu, priorAmanda to May 28, 1970, Mortwedt at which time it Oh, and Rosa Park www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- to the regional electric power grid via and the internal security organizations, lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes occupied an irregular shaped area that overhead high voltage power transmis- clearly understand the importance of Camp No. 25 this way, measured approximately 577 meters by sion cables that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, It is not structured as a village but is a fenced 315 meters (631 yards by 344 yards) and the substation approximately 1 kilometer and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp THE COMMITTEE FOR encompassed 13.76 hectares (164,568 to the southeast. It is connected to the their operations and intentions.3 [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective H R HUMAN RIGHTS It INwould NORTH KOREA national rail network via the station at be reasonable to assume that they have living arrangements. The No. 25 [kwan-li-so] ีዽၨ૟၁원회 houses political prisoners only, while those who friend used to perform the duty of turning over Susŏng-dong, 800 meters to the east done Nso here.K committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air arrested while attempting to cross the border Location and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean upon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, Onsung County, North People’s Air Force’s Sŭngam-ni Air Base, Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. out their families. …North Korean defector XXX 25 kwan-li-so in Chongjin. located 18 kilometers south-southwest. [sic] testified, “Military personnel are sent off to Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human Rights This is a training base, and based on 3 Bermudez Jr., Joseph S., Dinville, Andy and Eley, the Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] if in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute for its mission, organization, and location, Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to D.C.: The Committee for Human Rights in North Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] is for http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. Korea [HRNK], 2015) available at https://www.hrnk. those serving terms of 10 years or longer, but Camp No. 25. org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full- they can return to society once they complete 5 “After the Korean War, it was used as a detention res_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf and Bermudez Jr., Joseph these terms.” It was also testified that the facility for South Korean POWs (Prisoners of 6 HRNK anticipates that we will be able to further S. Imagery Analysis: North Korea’s Camp No. 15, No. 25 kwan-li-so housed senior staff at the War).” Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human refine the date of the camps establishment in Update, (Washington, D.C.: HRNK, 2014) available Provincial Party, the head of a local MPS office, Rights in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute future updates. Referenced imagery includes: at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20 and other high-ranking officials. North Korean for National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at KH-4B imagery dated May 28, 1970 and KH-9 Update%20Good.pdf. defector XXX [sic] testified that the father of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976.

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analysis also supports escapee and other SizePrisons of FacilityBureau of (including the State Security labor campslocated and on the provide south bank its citizens of the Sol with- hassquare shown yards) the and expansion was expanded of slightly the reports indicating that Camp No. 25’s trainingDepartment camp): (SSD), which is under the basicgol-ch’ŏn human (i.e., Solgol rights. stream)4 across from DPRK’sby January detention 27, 1976, whenfacilities it measured in some primaryChina economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters light industry and agriculture. Despite 107,190Specifically, square it is undermeters the control(128,199 of the foot and two road bridges connect it. cases(765 yards as well by 344 as increasedyards) and encom security- extensive satellite imagery coverage squareSSD's North yards) Hamgyong Provincial The Committee for Human Rights measurespassed 15.30 inside hectares these (181,987 facilities. square The date of establishment of Camp No. 6 of the camp, AllSource is presently 643Bureau meters and is by located 330 approximately meters (703 in25 North is unclear. Korea’s One report (HRNK’s) indicates satel that- yards) (Figure 1, Figure 2). unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- yards by 360 yards) litethe imagery camp was analysisused as a prisoner-of-warand former BasedHigh-resolution on research satellite conducted imagery from by open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, prisonercamp housing testimony South Korean on the soldiers situa -at HRNK,January five 18, 2003, trends through have September defined prisoner population of 5,000 people. Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is Background tionthe endinside of the political Korean War.prison5 This, camps how- the21, 2015,human indicates rights that situation the camp underhas As with the analytical caution presented (kwan-li-soever, remains) toand be verifiedre-education as it may not theexpanded Kim Jong-un during this regime: period and1) an that in its- in previous reports (suchSoth as North 4 It is interesting to note that although the escapee be referring to the present day camp but primary economic activities are centered Korea: Imagery AnalysisKorea Camp 16 and In descriptionsFebruary of 2014,this facility’s the mission United matches Na that- throughrather to laboran activity camps in this (kyo-hwa-so area. The area) tensiveon agriculture crackdown and light on industry attempted (Figure 3 of other kwan-li-so, the physical characteristics ob- North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp tionsserved Commission in satellite imagery of are Inquiry more representative on continuein which it to is locatedyield new has beeninformation involved defections;through Figure 2) 15).an aggressive purge 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony Human Rights in North Korea (UN onin agriculturalthe DPRK’s activities practice since of at leastimpris the- ofSeveral senior small officials, villages andaimed military to consol- Location:Analysis), it is important to reiterate COI)penitentiaries found andthe prison Democratic camps. David PeoHawk,- The oning1950s. people Satellite itimagery deems does anti-state, indicate idate the leader’s grip on power; Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: facilities are located in the general area that North Korean officials, especially that Camp No. 25 was established5 Kaech’ŏn ( ), Kaech’ŏn-si, ple’sCommittee Republic for Human of RightsKorea’s in North (DPRK’s) Korea, 2012, anti-nation, or anti-regime. HRNK 3)around a “restructuring” the camp. The ofcamp the is political connected those within 개천the Korean People’s Army prior to May 28, 1970, at which time it www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- to the regional electric power grid via P’yŏngnamand the internal security organizations, political prison camps to be places found over 20 potential re-edu- prison camp system, with some lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes occupied an irregular shaped area that overhead high voltage power transmis- clearly understand the importance of whereCamp No.the 25 most this way, egregious crimes cation through labor camps inside facilities closer to the border with measured approximately 577 meters by sion cables that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, CenterPoint Coordinates: against It is not humanity structured as aare village being but is a fencedcom - the315 DPRK,meters (631 documented yards by 344 in yards) our and Chinathe substation being shut approximately down, while 1 kilometer and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp 39.708310° N, 125.923356° E mitted, including extermination; Octoberencompassed 2017 13.76 report, hectares The (164,568 Parallel inlandto the southeast.facilities It have is connected been exto -the their operations and intentions.3 [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective It would murder; enslavement; torture; im- Gulag.6 These camps exist and panded;national rail4) networkthe disproportionate via the station at be reasonable to assume that they have living arrangements. The No. 25 [kwan-li-so] Date of Report: prisonment;houses political rape prisoners and only, other while grave those who functionfriend usedin addition to perform the to duty six of turningopera over- oppressionSusŏng-dong, of 800 women, meters who to the have east done so here. committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air March 25, 2020 sexual violence; and persecution tionalarrested political while attemptingprison camps—Nos.to cross the border assumed primary responsibility for Location and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean on political,upon completion religious, of their term and as genderterms are 14, 15,at 16, the river18, in25, Namyang, and Choma-bongOnsung County, North the survival of their families and Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. People’s Air Force’s Sŭngam-ni Air Base, Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. 2Political criminals are detained alone with- 7 Date of Imagery: grounds.out their Suchfamilies. crimes…North Korean were defector “found XXX Restricted25 kwan-li-so Area. in Chongjin. thus,located women 18 kilometers represent south-southwest. the major - DigitalGlobe/Maxar Technologies: by the[sic] UN testified, COI “Military to rise personnel to the are levelsent off to Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human Rights ityThis of isthose a training arrested base, and for based perceived on December3 Bermudez Jr., Joseph5, 2002, S., Dinville, December Andy and Eley, 31, of crimesthe Susong against kyo-hwa-so humanity [No. 25 kwan-li-so in both] if Sincein North the Korea 2014 2015 UN(Seoul: COI Korea report, Institute for wrongdoingits mission, organization, at the “jangmadang” and location, Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to 2010,D.C.: The and Committee April for1, Human2019 Rights in North the kwan-li-soSusong kyo-hwa-so and [No. kyo-hwa-so 25 kwan-li-so] is for there have been continued re- markets or for “illegally” crossing http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. Camp No. 25. Korea [HRNK], 2015) available at https://www.hrnk. [laborthose re-education] serving terms of 10 prisons,” years or longer, and but ports of ill treatment and torture the border; and 5) the sustained, org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full- they can return to society once they complete 5 “After the Korean War, it was used as a detention Centralres_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf Intelligence and BermudezAgency Jr., (DeJoseph- “leadthese to the terms.” death It was also of testifiedprisoners that the in of prisoners,facility for South includingKorean POWs (Prisoners from of if 6not HRNK increased, anticipates that economic we will be able toimpor further - classified):S. Imagery Analysis: December North Korea’s 15, Camp 1962 No. 15, manyNo. cases.” 25 kwan-li-so3 The housed UN senior COI staff called at the womenWar).” Do who Kyung-Ok have et al., attempted White Paper on Human to tancerefine of the the date politicalof the camps prisonestablishment camps in Update, (Washington, D.C.: HRNK, 2014) available Provincial Party, the head of a local MPS office, Rights in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute future updates. Referenced imagery includes: (KH-4),at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20 April 24, 1966 (KH-7), and on theand DPRKother high-ranking to acknowledge officials. North Koreanthe fleefor Nationalthe country, Unification, and2015), p.prisoner 122, available disat - andKH-4B other imagery detention dated May 28,facilities. 1970 and KH-9 AprilUpdate%20Good.pdf 20, 1972 (KH-4B). 1 existencedefector ofXXX the [sic] testifiedpolitical that prisonthe father of his appearances.http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp Satellite imagery . (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976.

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Formeranalysis Prisoneralso supports Testimony escapee and other Prisons proveBureau thisof the crime State Securitybecause I located theon the only south province bank of thethat Sol - square mountainsyards) and was and expanded saw an slightly reports indicating that Camp No. 25’s Departmentwas (SSD) arrested, which alone. is under They the gol-ch’ŏndidn’t (i.e., Solgol have stream) one because across from it by Januaryarm 27, sticking 1976, when out it measuredbecause primary economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters Inlight 2019, industry HRNK and agriculture.interviewed Despite Ms. Specifically,ended it is upunder sending the control me ofto the foot andwas two roadso close bridges to connect the border it. (765 yardsthey by forgot344 yards) to coverand encom it - Kimextensive Il-soon satellite (pseudonym) imagery coverage in SSD's Norththe bo-an-so,Hamgyong 8Provincial charging me and there were many passedproperly. 15.30 hectares The (181,987 kyo-hwa-so square The date of establishment of Camp No. 6 Seoul,of the camp, South AllSource Korea, is about presently her de- Bureau andwith is borderlocated approximatelytrespassing 25 is unclear.visitors. One So report Ryanggang indicates that yards) (Figurefarmland 1, Figure in Kaechon 2). is unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- tention experience in Kyo-hwa-so [Article 221 in the 2012 the campProvince was used residents as a prisoner-of-war were High-resolutionyellow. satelliteThe lands imagery are from very open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, No. 1, Kaech’ŏn. Ms. Kim’s testi- DPRK Criminal Code]. If camp housingsent to South the Koreankyo-hwa-so soldiers at Januaryfertilized, 18, 2003, through and farming September is prisoner population of 5,000 people. Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is mony complements the satellite I had been convicted of the endin of Kaechon.the Korean War.This5 This, road how - 21, 2015,successful indicates that here the campbecause has imageryAs with the analysis analytical for caution this presented report. It an anti-regime crime, I ever, remainsis the to entrance be verified to as the it may not expandedthe during buried this human period and bodies that its in previous reports (such as North 4 It is interesting to note that although the escapee be referring to the present day camp but primary economic activities are centered alsoKorea: allows Imagery us Analysis to tell Campmore 16 of and her descriptionswouldn’t of this facility’s have mission been matches sent that to rather tounderground an activity in this facility. area. The Right area on agricultureserve andas natural light industry fertilizers. (Figure 3 of other kwan-li-so, the physical characteristics ob- storyNorth Korea:in an Imageryeffort toAnalysis document of Camp and served inan satellite ordinary imagery arekyo-hwa-so. more representative I in whichhere it is located is where has webeen grew involved throughSome Figure guards15). said that 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony pursue accountability for alleged would have been sent to a in agriculturalthe vegetables, activities since and at leastthis the Severalthey small shouldvillages and bury military the Analysis), it is important to reiterate penitentiaries and prison camps. David Hawk, The crimes against humanity in North political prison camp. 1950s. Satellitestorage imagery container does indicateis where facilitiesbodies are located evenly in the throughout general area that North Korean officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established Korea. The following are excerpts Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, 2012, we kept the vegetables. aroundthe the camp.land soThe that camp it is will connected those within the Korean People’s Army prior to May 28, 1970, at which time it www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- to the regional electric power grid via fromand the our internal interview: security organizations, Interviewer: Were most fertilize the entire area. lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes occupied an irregular shaped area that overhead high voltage power transmis- clearly understand the importance of Camp No.people 25 this way, there because they Interviewer: What kind measured approximately 577 meters by sion cables that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, Interviewer: When you It is nottried structured to cross as a village the but border? is a fenced 315 metersof vegetables? (631 yards by 344 yards) and ANALYSISthe substation approximately 1 kilometer and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp were there, were you encompassed 13.76 hectares (164,568 to the southeast. It is connected to the their operations and intentions.3 It would [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective considered a political livingInterviewee: arrangements. The 80%No. 25 [ofkwan-li-so the ] Interviewee: Cabbage, Executivenational rail Summary network via the station at be reasonable to assume that they have prisoner or did they ever tell housesprisoners political prisoners from only, Ryanggang while those who friendradish, used to perform and spinach. the duty of turning These over Susŏng-dong, 800 meters to the east done so here. committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air you what your charge was Province are sent to the arrestedvegetables while attempting were to cross for the the border This report is part of a com- Location and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean upon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, Onsung County, North specifically? Did they think kyo-hwa-so because kyo-hwa-so guards and prehensivePeople’s Air Force’slong-term Sŭngam-ni project Air Base, Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. of you as anti-regime? out theirthey families. were …North arrested Korean defector for XXX 25 kwan-li-sotheir families. in Chongjin. The little kids undertakenlocated 18 kilometers by HRNK south-southwest. to use [sic] crossingtestified, “Military the personnel border. are Theresent off to Do Kyung-Okplanted et al., Whitebeans. Paper on Human Rights satelliteThis is a imagerytraining base, to andshed based light on 3 BermudezInterviewee: Jr., Joseph S., Dinville, When Andy andI was Eley, the Susongwere kyo-hwa-so people arrested[No. 25 kwan-li-so for ] if in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute for onits human mission, organization,suffering in and the location, DPRK Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to D.C.: Thetried Committee in the for Human Bo-wi-bu, Rights in Norththey Susongtrying kyo-hwa-so to trespass [No. 25 kwan-li-so in the] is for http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jspInterviewer: Where was the. (more commonly known as North Korea [HRNK], 2015) available at https://www.hrnk. those serving terms of 10 years or longer, but Camp No. 25. org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_fullforced me to admit to an - theyborder can return area,to society normal once they felons,complete 5 “After thefield Korean they War, it wasburied used aspeople? a detention Korea) by monitoring activity at res_FINAL_12_15_15.pdfanti-regime and political Bermudez Jr., crime. Joseph theseand terms.” drug It was abusersalso testified at that the the facility for South Korean POWs (Prisoners of political6 HRNK anticipates prison that and we willdetention be able to further S. Imagery Analysis: North Korea’s Camp No. 15, No. 25 kwan-li-so housed senior staff at the War).” Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human facilitiesrefine the throughout date of the camps theestablishment na- in Update, (Washington,I denied D.C.:it, and HRNK, they 2014) availablebeat Provincialfacility Party, inthe Kaechon.head of a local MPSAll office,the Rights inInterviewee: North Korea 2015 (Seoul:They Korea buried Institute future updates. Referenced imagery includes: 9 at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20me up for two months and otherNorth high-ranking Korean officials. provinces North Korean for Nationalpeople Unification, in the 2015), mountains p. 122, available at tion.KH-4B This imagery study dated detailsMay 28, 1970 activity and KH-9 Update%20Good.pdfbecause. they thought I defectorhave XXX a [sic] kyo-hwa-so, testified that the fatherbut of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jspright here. One time, a . observed(mapping camera)during imagery 1962–1972 dated January and 27, 1976. was lying. They couldn’t Ryanggang Province was kid was peeing in the 2002–2019 at a prison facility

CopyrightCOPYRIGHT © ©ALLSOURCE 2020 by ANALYSIS, the Committee INC. 2016 for Human Rights in North Korea 3 3 H R CH’OMA-BONGKYO-HWA-SOCAMP RESTRICTED ATNO. KAECH’ŎN 25 AREA H R N K N K North Korea: ImageryNORTH KOREA’SAnalysis LONG-TERMof Camp No. 25 - Update 2 PRISON-LABOR FACILITY (KYO-HWA-SO) AT KAECH’ŎN identifiedanalysis also supportsby former escapee prisoners and other Prisons» Activity Bureau inof the State immediate Security ualslocated from on Ryanggang-dothe south bank of the(i.e., Sol Ry- - eastsquare of ofyards) the and city was of expandedKaech’ŏn slightly andreports researchers indicating that as Camp “Kyo-hwa-so No. 25’s Departmentenvirons (SSD) of, which the facility is under the angganggol-ch’ŏn (i.e.,Province) Solgol stream) who hadacross been from andby Januaryapproximately 27, 1976, when 75 kilometersit measured primary economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters No.light 1, industry Kaech’ŏn” and agriculture. (39.708310° Despite Specifically,» Walled it iscompounds under the control of the capturedfoot and two while road crossingbridges connect into it. north-northeast(765 yards by 344 yards)of P’yŏngyang. and encom- 125.923356°) and endeavors to Coal mine China, and the remaining 20% are The prison is reported to be subor- extensive satellite imagery coverage SSD'» s North Hamgyong Provincial The date of establishment of Camp No. passed 15.30 hectares (181,987 square 14 6 establishof the camp, a AllSourcepreliminary is presently report of Bureau and is located approximately common25 is unclear. criminals. One report indicates that dinateyards) to(Figure the 1,Prisons Figure 2). Bureau of the unable to confirm10 or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- the facility. In doing so, this report Based upon analysis of these fea- the camp was used as a prisoner-of-war MinistryHigh-resolution of People’s satellite Security imagery from (Bo- open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, also provides preliminary baseline Kyo-hwa-so No. 1, Kaech’ŏn Ascamp with housing the analytical South Korean caution soldiers pre at- an-buJanuary), which 18, 2003, is directlythrough September under the prisoner population of 5,000 people. turesHamgyŏng-bukto., 4 More specifically, it is information on the labor training is a small operational prison camp sentedthe end inof previousthe Korean HRNKWar.5 This, reports how- State21, 2015, Affairs indicates Commission. that the camp Specifihas - campAs with ( ro-dong-dan-ryeon-daethe analytical caution presented) established between 1962 and (suchever, remainsas North to beKorea’s verified Long-term as it may not cally,expanded it would during be this under period the and control that its in previous reports (such as North 4 It is interesting to note that although the escapee be referring to the present day camp but primary economic activities are centered attachedKorea: Imagery to the Analysis facility. Camp 16 and 1966.descriptions It is well of this maintained facility’s mission matchesby North that Re-educationrather to an activity through in this Labor area. The Camp area ofon the agriculture ministry’s and lightP’yŏngnam-si industry (Figure 3 of other kwan-li-so, the physical characteristics ob- 16 North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp Koreanserved in standards satellite imagery as are indicated more representative (Kyo-hwa-so)in which it is located at Pokchŏng-ni has been involved), Provincialthrough Figure Bureau. 15). 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony For this report HRNK analyzed 19 by activity and general good itin is agricultural important activities to reiterate since at thatleast the Several small villages and military Analysis), it is important to reiterate penitentiaries and prison camps. David Hawk, The high-resolution pan-sharpened maintenance in and immediately North1950s. KoreanSatellite imagery officials, does indicateespecially Developmentfacilities are located in the general area that North Korean officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established multispectral and pan-chromatic surroundingCommittee for Human the Rightscamp. in North Korea, 2012, those within the Korean People’s around the camp. The camp is connected those within the Korean People’s Army prior to May 28, 1970, at which time it www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- to the regional electric power grid via satelliteand the internal images security of Kyo-hwa-so organizations, No. Army and the internal security The precise date of the estab- lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes occupied an irregular shaped area that overhead high voltage power transmis- 1,clearly Kaech’ŏn understand and itsthe immediate importance of envi - SatelliteCamp No. imagery25 this way, coverage of the organizations, clearly understand Kyo-hwa-so No. 1, measured approximately 577 meters by lishmentsion cables of that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, rons focusing on the examination facility It is notand structured former as a villageprisoner but is a tesfenced- the315 importancemeters (631 yards of implementingby 344 yards) and Kaech’ŏnthe substation is unknown. approximately Declassified 1 kilometer and deception (CCD) procedures to mask11 facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp of the following physical features: timony indicate that the prison’s camouflage,encompassed 13.76concealment, hectares (164,568 and satelliteto the southeast. imagery It is from connected the 1960s to the their operations and intentions.3 [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective It would primary economic activity is a deception (CCD) procedures to indicatesnational rail that network the viacamp the station was es at - be reasonable to assume that they have living arrangements. The No. 25 [kwan-li-so] » Security perimeters (internal combinationhouses political of prisoners light only,manufac while those- who maskfriend their used operations to perform the duty and of turning inten over- tablishedSusŏng-dong, between 800 meters December to the east 15, done so here. Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was committed economic crimes are not allowed 15 of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air and external), entrance and turing of shoes, cabinets, other tions.arrested It would while attempting not be to crossunreason the border- 1962 and April 24, 1966, when the Location and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean guard positions upon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, Onsung County, North wood products, agricultural pro- able to assume that they have facilityPeople’s was Air Force’scaptured Sŭngam-ni on film Air Base,by Camp Main No. 25 prison is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. » duction,out their and families. mining …North Koreanusing defector forced XXX done25 so kwan-li-so here. in Chongjin. bothlocated U.S. 18 KH-4Akilometers and south-southwest. KH-7 recon - 12 17 » Headquarters, administra- labor.[sic] Populationtestified, “Military estimatespersonnel are sent for off to Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human Rights naissanceThis is a training satellites. base, and based on 3 Bermudeztion, Jr., barracks,Joseph S., Dinville, housing Andy and Eley, and Kyo-hwa-sothe Susong kyo-hwa-so No. 1 have [No. 25 consis kwan-li-so-] if Locationin North Korea and 2015 Subordination (Seoul: Korea Institute for its mission, organization, and location, Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to D.C.: Thesupport Committee facilities for Human Rights in North tentlySusong been kyo-hwa-so between [No. 25 2,000 kwan-li-so and] is for http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. Camp No. 25. Korea» Labor [HRNK], 2015)training available camp at https://www.hrnk. (with a 6,000.those13 servingFormer terms prisoner of 10 years or testimo longer, but - Kyo-hwa-so No. 1, Kaech’ŏn is org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full- they can return to society once they complete 5 “After the Korean War, it was used as a detention res_FINAL_12_15_15.pdfformer underground and Bermudez political Jr., Joseph ny indicatesthese terms.” that It was alsoapproximately testified that the locatedfacility for in South Kaech’ŏn-si, Korean POWs (PrisonersP’yŏngnam, of 6 HRNK anticipates that we will be able to further S. Imageryprison Analysis: camp) North Korea’s Camp No. 15, 80% No.of 25the kwan-li-so prisoners housed seniorare individstaff at the- approximatelyWar).” Do Kyung-Ok 2.6 et al., kilometersWhite Paper on Human refine the date of the camps establishment in Update, (Washington, D.C.: HRNK, 2014) available Provincial Party, the head of a local MPS office, Rights in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute future updates. Referenced imagery includes: at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20 and other high-ranking officials. North Korean for National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at KH-4B imagery dated May 28, 1970 and KH-9 Update%20Good.pdf. defector XXX [sic] testified that the father of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976.

CopyrightCOPYRIGHT © ©ALLSOURCE 2020 by ANALYSIS, the Committee INC. 2016 for Human Rights in North Korea 4 3 H R CH’OMA-BONGKYO-HWA-SOCAMP RESTRICTED ATNO. KAECH’ŎN 25 AREA H R N K N K Figure 1 North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp No. 25 - Update 2

analysis also supports escapee and other Prisons Bureau of the State Security located on the south bank of the Sol- square yards) and was expanded slightly reports indicating that Camp No. 25’s Department (SSD), which is under the gol-ch’ŏn (i.e., Solgol stream) across from by January 27, 1976, when it measured primary economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters light industry and agriculture. Despite Specifically, it is under the control of the foot and two road bridges connect it. (765 yards by 344 yards) and encom- extensive satellite imagery coverage SSD's North Hamgyong Provincial passed 15.30 hectares (181,987 square The date of establishment of Camp No. 6 of the camp, AllSource is presently Bureau and is located approximately 25 is unclear. One report indicates that yards) (Figure 1, Figure 2). unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- the camp was used as a prisoner-of-war High-resolution satellite imagery from open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, camp housing South Korean soldiers at January 18, 2003, through September prisoner population of 5,000 people. Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is the end of the Korean War.5 This, how- 21, 2015, indicates that the camp has As with the analytical caution presented ever, remains to be verified as it may not expanded during this period and that its in previous reports (such as North 4 It is interesting to note that although the escapee be referring to the present day camp but primary economic activities are centered Korea: Imagery Analysis Camp 16 and descriptions of this facility’s mission matches that rather to an activity in this area. The area on agriculture and light industry (Figure 3 of other kwan-li-so, the physical characteristics ob- North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp served in satellite imagery are more representative in which it is located has been involved through Figure 15). 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony in agricultural activities since at least the Several small villages and military Analysis), it is important to reiterate penitentiaries and prison camps. David Hawk, The 1950s. Satellite imagery does indicate facilities are located in the general area that North Korean officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, 2012, around the camp. The camp is connected those within the Korean People’s Army prior to May 28, 1970, at which time it www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- to the regional electric power grid via and the internal security organizations, lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes occupied an irregular shaped area that overhead high voltage power transmis- clearly understand the importance of Camp No. 25 this way, measured approximately 577 meters by sion cables that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, It is not structured as a village but is a fenced 315 meters (631 yards by 344 yards) and the substation approximately 1 kilometer and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp encompassed 13.76 hectares (164,568 to the southeast. It is connected to the their operations and intentions.3 [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective It would national rail network via the station at be reasonable to assume that they have living arrangements. The No. 25 [kwan-li-so] houses political prisoners only, while those who friend used to perform the duty of turning over Susŏng-dong, 800 meters to the east done so here. committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air arrested while attempting to cross the border Location and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean upon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, Onsung County, North People’s Air Force’s Sŭngam-ni Air Base, Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. out their families. …North Korean defector XXX 25 kwan-li-so in Chongjin. located 18 kilometers south-southwest. [sic] testified, “Military personnel are sent off to Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human Rights This is a training base, and based on 3 Bermudez Jr., Joseph S., Dinville, Andy and Eley, the Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] if in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute for its mission, organization, and location, Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to D.C.: The Committee for Human Rights in North Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] is for http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. Korea [HRNK], 2015) available at https://www.hrnk. those serving terms of 10 years or longer, but Camp No. 25. org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full- they can return to society once they complete 5 “After the Korean War, it was used as a detention res_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf and Bermudez Jr., Joseph these terms.” It was also testified that the facility for South Korean POWs (Prisoners of 6 HRNK anticipates that we will be able to further S. Imagery Analysis: North Korea’s Camp No. 15, No. 25 kwan-li-so housed senior staff at the War).” Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human refine the date of the camps establishment in Update, (Washington,An D.C.: overview HRNK, 2014) available of Kyo-hwa-so Provincial No. Party,1, Kaech’ŏn the head of a local from MPS December office, Rights 15, in 1962 North Korea as seen2015 (Seoul: in Koreaa declassified Institute future 7.6-meter updates. Referenced imagery includes: at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20resolution image collectedand by other a high-rankingCIA KH-4 officials. reconnaissance North Korean forsatellite. National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at KH-4B imagery dated May 28, 1970 and KH-9 Update%20Good.pdf. defector XXX [sic] testified that the father of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976.

CopyrightCOPYRIGHT © ©ALLSOURCE 2020 by ANALYSIS, the Committee INC. 2016 for Human Rights in North Korea Central Intelligence Agency 5 3 H R CH’OMA-BONGKYO-HWA-SOCAMP RESTRICTED ATNO. KAECH’ŎN 25 AREA H R N K N K North Korea: ImageryNORTH KOREA’SAnalysis LONG-TERMof Camp No. 25 - Update 2 PRISON-LABOR FACILITY (KYO-HWA-SO) AT KAECH’ŎN

Accordinganalysis also tosupports some escapee accounts, and other andPrisons placed Bureau under of the the State Ministry Security of stageslocated ofon constructionthe south bank ofof the Kyo- Sol- ings,square however, yards) and are was just expanded visible. slightly Kyo-hwa-soreports indicating No. that 1 isCamp assumed No. 25’s to People’sDepartment Security (SSD), which in March is under 1982. the 18 hwa-sogol-ch’ŏn No. (i.e., 1. Solgol The imagestream) acrossis of poor from Adjacentby January to 27, the 1976, camp’s when it northwestmeasured primary economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters belight the industry oldest and kyo-hwa-so agriculture. Despite in North IfSpecifically, correct, this it is isunder only the partially control of the resolutionfoot and two and road specific bridges connect details it. corner,(765 yards a small by 344 village yards) andhad encom been- Korea.extensive These satellite accounts imagery coverage report that correctSSD's North as satellite Hamgyong imagery Provincial clearly cannot be identified. However, the establishedpassed 15.30 tohectares house (181,987 camp square staff The date of establishment of Camp No. 6 itof was the camp, originally AllSource known is presently as the showsBureau anda detention is located approximately facility here facility25 is unclear. does Onenot reportappear indicates to have that andyards) workers. (Figure 1, Figure 2). unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- South Sinuiju Female Kyo-hwa-so since the 1960s. a thesecurity camp was perimeter. used as a Theprisoner-of-war central High-resolution satellite imagery from open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, operated by the State Security squarecamp housing of buildings South Korean that willsoldiers house at January 18, 2003, through September prisoner population of 5,000 people. Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is Department (currently the Min- Imagery collected by a CIA KH-4 thethe various end of the workshops Korean War.5 andThis, howwhat- 21, 2015, indicates that the camp has istryAs with of theState analytical Security), caution but presented was reconnaissance satellite on De- mayever, be remains one ofto bethe verified future as head it may- not expanded during this period and that its in previous reports (such as North 4 It is interesting to note that although the escapee be referring to the present day camp but primary economic activities are centered relocatedKorea: Imagery to the Analysis Kaech’ŏn Camp 16 area and cemberdescriptions 15, of 1962 this facility’s shows mission the matches initial that quartersrather to anand activity administration in this area. The build area- on agriculture and light industry (Figure 3 of other kwan-li-so, the physical characteristics ob- North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp served in satellite imagery are more representative in which it is located has been involved through Figure 15). 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony in agricultural activities since at least the Several small villages and military Analysis), it is important to reiterate penitentiaries and prison camps. David Hawk, The 1950s. Satellite imagery does indicate facilities are located in the general area that North Korean officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, 2012, around the camp. The camp is connected those within the Korean People’s Army prior to May 28, 1970, at which time it www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- to the regional electric power grid via and the internal security organizations, lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes occupied an irregular shaped area that overhead high voltage power transmis- clearly understand the importance of Camp No. 25 this way, measured approximately 577 meters by sion cables that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, It is not structured as a village but is a fenced 315 meters (631 yards by 344 yards) and the substation approximately 1 kilometer and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp encompassed 13.76 hectares (164,568 to the southeast. It is connected to the their operations and intentions.3 [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective It would national rail network via the station at be reasonable to assume that they have living arrangements. The No. 25 [kwan-li-so] houses political prisoners only, while those who friend used to perform the duty of turning over Susŏng-dong, 800 meters to the east done so here. committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air arrested while attempting to cross the border Location and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean upon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, Onsung County, North People’s Air Force’s Sŭngam-ni Air Base, Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. out their families. …North Korean defector XXX 25 kwan-li-so in Chongjin. located 18 kilometers south-southwest. [sic] testified, “Military personnel are sent off to Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human Rights This is a training base, and based on 3 Bermudez Jr., Joseph S., Dinville, Andy and Eley, the Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] if in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute for its mission, organization, and location, Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to D.C.: The Committee for Human Rights in North Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] is for http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. Korea [HRNK], 2015) available at https://www.hrnk. those serving terms of 10 years or longer, but Camp No. 25. org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full- they can return to society once they complete 5 “After the Korean War, it was used as a detention res_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf and Bermudez Jr., Joseph these terms.” It was also testified that the facility for South Korean POWs (Prisoners of 6 HRNK anticipates that we will be able to further S. Imagery Analysis: North Korea’s Camp No. 15, No. 25 kwan-li-so housed senior staff at the War).” Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human refine the date of the camps establishment in Update, (Washington, D.C.: HRNK, 2014) available Provincial Party, the head of a local MPS office, Rights in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute future updates. Referenced imagery includes: at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20 and other high-ranking officials. North Korean for National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at KH-4B imagery dated May 28, 1970 and KH-9 Update%20Good.pdf. defector XXX [sic] testified that the father of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976.

CopyrightCOPYRIGHT © ©ALLSOURCE 2020 by ANALYSIS, the Committee INC. 2016 for Human Rights in North Korea 63 H R CH’OMA-BONGKYO-HWA-SOCAMP RESTRICTED ATNO. KAECH’ŎN 25 AREA H R N K N K Figure 2 North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp No. 25 - Update 2

analysis also supports escapee and other Prisons Bureau of the State Security located on the south bank of the Sol- square yards) and was expanded slightly reports indicating that Camp No. 25’s Department (SSD), which is under the gol-ch’ŏn (i.e., Solgol stream) across from by January 27, 1976, when it measured primary economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters light industry and agriculture. Despite Specifically, it is under the control of the foot and two road bridges connect it. (765 yards by 344 yards) and encom- extensive satellite imagery coverage SSD's North Hamgyong Provincial passed 15.30 hectares (181,987 square The date of establishment of Camp No. 6 of the camp, AllSource is presently Bureau and is located approximately 25 is unclear. One report indicates that yards) (Figure 1, Figure 2). unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- the camp was used as a prisoner-of-war High-resolution satellite imagery from open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, camp housing South Korean soldiers at January 18, 2003, through September prisoner population of 5,000 people. Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is the end of the Korean War.5 This, how- 21, 2015, indicates that the camp has As with the analytical caution presented ever, remains to be verified as it may not expanded during this period and that its in previous reports (such as North 4 It is interesting to note that although the escapee be referring to the present day camp but primary economic activities are centered Korea: Imagery Analysis Camp 16 and descriptions of this facility’s mission matches that rather to an activity in this area. The area on agriculture and light industry (Figure 3 of other kwan-li-so, the physical characteristics ob- North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp served in satellite imagery are more representative in which it is located has been involved through Figure 15). 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony in agricultural activities since at least the Several small villages and military Analysis), it is important to reiterate penitentiaries and prison camps. David Hawk, The 1950s. Satellite imagery does indicate facilities are located in the general area that North Korean officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, 2012, around the camp. The camp is connected those within the Korean People’s Army prior to May 28, 1970, at which time it www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- to the regional electric power grid via and the internal security organizations, lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes occupied an irregular shaped area that overhead high voltage power transmis- clearly understand the importance of Camp No. 25 this way, measured approximately 577 meters by sion cables that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, It is not structured as a village but is a fenced 315 meters (631 yards by 344 yards) and the substation approximately 1 kilometer and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp encompassed 13.76 hectares (164,568 to the southeast. It is connected to the their operations and intentions.3 [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective It would national rail network via the station at be reasonable to assume that they have living arrangements. The No. 25 [kwan-li-so] houses political prisoners only, while those who friend used to perform the duty of turning over Susŏng-dong, 800 meters to the east done so here. committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air arrested while attempting to cross the border Location and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean upon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, Onsung County, North People’s Air Force’s Sŭngam-ni Air Base, Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. out their families. …North Korean defector XXX 25 kwan-li-so in Chongjin. located 18 kilometers south-southwest. [sic] testified, “Military personnel are sent off to Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human Rights This is a training base, and based on 3 Bermudez Jr., Joseph S., Dinville, Andy and Eley, the Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] if in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute for its mission, organization, and location, Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to D.C.: The Committee for Human Rights in North Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] is for http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. Korea [HRNK], 2015) available at https://www.hrnk. those serving terms of 10 years or longer, but Camp No. 25. org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full- they can return to society once they complete 5 “After the Korean War, it was used as a detention res_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf and Bermudez Jr., Joseph these terms.” It was also testified that the facility for South Korean POWs (Prisoners of 6 HRNK anticipates that we will be able to further S. Imagery Analysis: North Korea’s Camp No. 15, No. 25 kwan-li-so housed senior staff at the War).” Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human refine the date of the camps establishment in Update, (Washington,A D.C.:blurry HRNK, close-up 2014) available view of Kyo-hwa-soProvincial Party, the head No. of 1a localfrom MPS December office, Rights 15, in1962 North Koreaas seen 2015 (Seoul: in aKorea declassified Institute future7.6-mete updates.r Referenced imagery includes: at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20resolution image collectedand by other a high-rankingCIA KH-4 officials. reconnaissance North Korean forsatellite. National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at KH-4B imagery dated May 28, 1970 and KH-9 Update%20Good.pdf. defector XXX [sic] testified that the father of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976.

CopyrightCOPYRIGHT © ©ALLSOURCE 2020 by ANALYSIS, the Committee INC. 2016 for Human Rights in North Korea Central Intelligence Agency 7 3 H R CH’OMA-BONGKYO-HWA-SOCAMP RESTRICTED ATNO. KAECH’ŎN 25 AREA H R N K N K North Korea: ImageryNORTH KOREA’SAnalysis LONG-TERMof Camp No. 25 - Update 2 PRISON-LABOR FACILITY (KYO-HWA-SO) AT KAECH’ŎN

Byanalysis April also 26, supports1966, considerable escapee and other 28Prisons structures Bureau offor the headquarters, State Security arelocated not onyet the present. south bank Within of the theSol- centersquare of yards) the andarea. was While expanded prisoners slightly constructionreports indicating progress that Camp had No. 25’sbeen administration,Department (SSD) , barracks,which is under and the futuregol-ch’ŏn prison (i.e., Solgol area, stream) approximately across from mayby January have been27, 1976, present when it measuredto assist primary economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters made.light industry An image and agriculture. collected Despite on that supportSpecifically, were it is nowunder present; the control and of the 14foot structures and two road had bridges been connect built or it. with(765 construction, yards by 344 yards) it is andunlikely encom that- dateextensive by a satellite CIA high-resolution imagery coverage constructionSSD's North Hamgyong on what Provincial has been were under construction, includ- largepassed numbers 15.30 hectares were (181,987being housedsquare The date of establishment of Camp No. 6 KH-7of the camp,reconnaissance AllSource is presently satellite reportedBureau and by is former located prisonersapproximately as an ing25 isa unclear.large building One report for indicates prisoner that hereyards) at (Figure this time. 1, Figure 2). unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- shows that approximately one- underground political prison camp housingthe camp andwas usedthe fouras a prisoner-of-war central High-resolution satellite imagery from open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, third of the security perimeter had appears to have had started.19 The workshopcamp housing buildings South Korean arranged soldiers in at January 18, 2003, through September prisoner population of 5,000 people. Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is been completed; two entrances, guard towers seen in later imagery a thesquare end of are the clearlyKorean War.visible5 This, at how the- 21, 2015, indicates that the camp has As with the analytical caution presented ever, remains to be verified as it may not expanded during this period and that its in previous reports (such as North 4 It is interesting to note that although the escapee be referring to the present day camp but primary economic activities are centered Korea: Imagery Analysis Camp 16 and descriptions of this facility’s mission matches that rather to an activity in this area. The area on agriculture and light industry (Figure 3 of other kwan-li-so, the physical characteristics ob- North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp served in satellite imagery are more representative in which it is located has been involved through Figure 15). 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony in agricultural activities since at least the Several small villages and military Analysis), it is important to reiterate penitentiaries and prison camps. David Hawk, The 1950s. Satellite imagery does indicate facilities are located in the general area that North Korean officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, 2012, around the camp. The camp is connected those within the Korean People’s Army prior to May 28, 1970, at which time it www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- to the regional electric power grid via and the internal security organizations, lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes occupied an irregular shaped area that overhead high voltage power transmis- clearly understand the importance of Camp No. 25 this way, measured approximately 577 meters by sion cables that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, It is not structured as a village but is a fenced 315 meters (631 yards by 344 yards) and the substation approximately 1 kilometer and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp encompassed 13.76 hectares (164,568 to the southeast. It is connected to the their operations and intentions.3 [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective It would national rail network via the station at be reasonable to assume that they have living arrangements. The No. 25 [kwan-li-so] houses political prisoners only, while those who friend used to perform the duty of turning over Susŏng-dong, 800 meters to the east done so here. committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air arrested while attempting to cross the border Location and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean upon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, Onsung County, North People’s Air Force’s Sŭngam-ni Air Base, Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. out their families. …North Korean defector XXX 25 kwan-li-so in Chongjin. located 18 kilometers south-southwest. [sic] testified, “Military personnel are sent off to Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human Rights This is a training base, and based on 3 Bermudez Jr., Joseph S., Dinville, Andy and Eley, the Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] if in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute for its mission, organization, and location, Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to D.C.: The Committee for Human Rights in North Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] is for http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. Korea [HRNK], 2015) available at https://www.hrnk. those serving terms of 10 years or longer, but Camp No. 25. org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full- they can return to society once they complete 5 “After the Korean War, it was used as a detention res_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf and Bermudez Jr., Joseph these terms.” It was also testified that the facility for South Korean POWs (Prisoners of 6 HRNK anticipates that we will be able to further S. Imagery Analysis: North Korea’s Camp No. 15, No. 25 kwan-li-so housed senior staff at the War).” Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human refine the date of the camps establishment in Update, (Washington, D.C.: HRNK, 2014) available Provincial Party, the head of a local MPS office, Rights in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute future updates. Referenced imagery includes: at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20 and other high-ranking officials. North Korean for National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at KH-4B imagery dated May 28, 1970 and KH-9 Update%20Good.pdf. defector XXX [sic] testified that the father of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976.

CopyrightCOPYRIGHT © ©ALLSOURCE 2020 by ANALYSIS, the Committee INC. 2016 for Human Rights in North Korea 8 3 H R CH’OMA-BONGKYO-HWA-SOCAMP RESTRICTED ATNO. KAECH’ŎN 25 AREA H R N K N K Figure 3 North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp No. 25 - Update 2

analysis also supports escapee and other Prisons Bureau of the State Security located on the south bank of the Sol- square yards) and was expanded slightly reports indicating that Camp No. 25’s Department (SSD), which is under the gol-ch’ŏn (i.e., Solgol stream) across from by January 27, 1976, when it measured primary economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters light industry and agriculture. Despite Specifically, it is under the control of the foot and two road bridges connect it. (765 yards by 344 yards) and encom- extensive satellite imagery coverage SSD's North Hamgyong Provincial passed 15.30 hectares (181,987 square The date of establishment of Camp No. 6 of the camp, AllSource is presently Bureau and is located approximately 25 is unclear. One report indicates that yards) (Figure 1, Figure 2). unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- the camp was used as a prisoner-of-war High-resolution satellite imagery from open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, camp housing South Korean soldiers at January 18, 2003, through September prisoner population of 5,000 people. Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is the end of the Korean War.5 This, how- 21, 2015, indicates that the camp has As with the analytical caution presented ever, remains to be verified as it may not expanded during this period and that its in previous reports (such as North 4 It is interesting to note that although the escapee be referring to the present day camp but primary economic activities are centered Korea: Imagery Analysis Camp 16 and descriptions of this facility’s mission matches that rather to an activity in this area. The area on agriculture and light industry (Figure 3 of other kwan-li-so, the physical characteristics ob- North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp served in satellite imagery are more representative in which it is located has been involved through Figure 15). 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony in agricultural activities since at least the Several small villages and military Analysis), it is important to reiterate penitentiaries and prison camps. David Hawk, The 1950s. Satellite imagery does indicate facilities are located in the general area that North Korean officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, 2012, around the camp. The camp is connected those within the Korean People’s Army prior to May 28, 1970, at which time it www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- to the regional electric power grid via and the internal security organizations, lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes occupied an irregular shaped area that overhead high voltage power transmis- clearly understand the importance of Camp No. 25 this way, measured approximately 577 meters by sion cables that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, It is not structured as a village but is a fenced 315 meters (631 yards by 344 yards) and the substation approximately 1 kilometer and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp encompassed 13.76 hectares (164,568 to the southeast. It is connected to the their operations and intentions.3 [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective It would national rail network via the station at be reasonable to assume that they have living arrangements. The No. 25 [kwan-li-so] houses political prisoners only, while those who friend used to perform the duty of turning over Susŏng-dong, 800 meters to the east done so here. committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air arrested while attempting to cross the border Location and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean upon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, Onsung County, North People’s Air Force’s Sŭngam-ni Air Base, Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. out their families. …North Korean defector XXX 25 kwan-li-so in Chongjin. located 18 kilometers south-southwest. [sic] testified, “Military personnel are sent off to Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human Rights This is a training base, and based on 3 Bermudez Jr., Joseph S., Dinville, Andy and Eley, the Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] if in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute for its mission, organization, and location, Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to D.C.: The Committee for Human Rights in North Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] is for http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. Korea [HRNK], 2015) available at https://www.hrnk. those serving terms of 10 years or longer, but Camp No. 25. org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full- they can return to society once they complete 5 “After the Korean War, it was used as a detention res_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf and Bermudez Jr., Joseph these terms.” It was also testified that the facility for South Korean POWs (Prisoners of 6 HRNK anticipates that we will be able to further S. Imagery Analysis: North Korea’s Camp No. 15, No. 25 kwan-li-so housed senior staff at the War).” Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human refine the date of the camps establishment in Update, (Washington,An D.C.: overview HRNK, 2014) available of the Kaech’ŏnProvincial facility Party, the collected head of a local on MPS April office, 24, 1966Rights in by North a Korea .8 to 2015 1.2 (Seoul: meters-meter Korea Institute resolutionfuture updates. KH-7 Referenced imagery includes: at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20reconnaissance satellite. and other high-ranking officials. North Korean for National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at KH-4B imagery dated May 28, 1970 and KH-9 Update%20Good.pdf. defector XXX [sic] testified that the father of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976.

CopyrightCOPYRIGHT © ©ALLSOURCE 2020 by ANALYSIS, the Committee INC. 2016 for Human Rights in North Korea Central Intelligence Agency 93 H R CH’OMA-BONGKYO-HWA-SOCAMP RESTRICTED ATNO. KAECH’ŎN 25 AREA H R N K N K Figure 4 North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp No. 25 - Update 2

analysis also supports escapee and other Prisons Bureau of the State Security located on the south bank of the Sol- square yards) and was expanded slightly reports indicating that Camp No. 25’s Department (SSD), which is under the gol-ch’ŏn (i.e., Solgol stream) across from by January 27, 1976, when it measured primary economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters light industry and agriculture. Despite Specifically, it is under the control of the foot and two road bridges connect it. (765 yards by 344 yards) and encom- extensive satellite imagery coverage SSD's North Hamgyong Provincial passed 15.30 hectares (181,987 square The date of establishment of Camp No. 6 of the camp, AllSource is presently Bureau and is located approximately 25 is unclear. One report indicates that yards) (Figure 1, Figure 2). unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- the camp was used as a prisoner-of-war High-resolution satellite imagery from open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, camp housing South Korean soldiers at January 18, 2003, through September prisoner population of 5,000 people. Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is the end of the Korean War.5 This, how- 21, 2015, indicates that the camp has As with the analytical caution presented ever, remains to be verified as it may not expanded during this period and that its in previous reports (such as North 4 It is interesting to note that although the escapee be referring to the present day camp but primary economic activities are centered Korea: Imagery Analysis Camp 16 and descriptions of this facility’s mission matches that rather to an activity in this area. The area on agriculture and light industry (Figure 3 of other kwan-li-so, the physical characteristics ob- North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp served in satellite imagery are more representative in which it is located has been involved through Figure 15). 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony in agricultural activities since at least the Several small villages and military Analysis), it is important to reiterate penitentiaries and prison camps. David Hawk, The 1950s. Satellite imagery does indicate facilities are located in the general area that North Korean officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, 2012, around the camp. The camp is connected those within the Korean People’s Army prior to May 28, 1970, at which time it www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- to the regional electric power grid via and the internal security organizations, lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes occupied an irregular shaped area that overhead high voltage power transmis- clearly understand the importance of Camp No. 25 this way, measured approximately 577 meters by sion cables that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, It is not structured as a village but is a fenced 315 meters (631 yards by 344 yards) and the substation approximately 1 kilometer and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp encompassed 13.76 hectares (164,568 to the southeast. It is connected to the their operations and intentions.3 [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective It would national rail network via the station at be reasonable to assume that they have living arrangements. The No. 25 [kwan-li-so] houses political prisoners only, while those who friend used to perform the duty of turning over Susŏng-dong, 800 meters to the east done so here. committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air arrested while attempting to cross the border Location and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean upon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, Onsung County, North People’s Air Force’s Sŭngam-ni Air Base, Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. out their families. …North Korean defector XXX 25 kwan-li-so in Chongjin. located 18 kilometers south-southwest. [sic] testified, “Military personnel are sent off to Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human Rights This is a training base, and based on 3 Bermudez Jr., Joseph S., Dinville, Andy and Eley, the Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] if in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute for its mission, organization, and location, Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to D.C.: The Committee for Human Rights in North Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] is for http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. Korea [HRNK], 2015) available at https://www.hrnk. those serving terms of 10 years or longer, but Camp No. 25. org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full- they can return to society once they complete 5 “After the Korean War, it was used as a detention res_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf and Bermudez Jr., Joseph these terms.” It was also testified that the facility for South Korean POWs (Prisoners of 6 HRNK anticipates that we will be able to further S. Imagery Analysis:A North close-up Korea’s Camp view No. 15, of Kyo-hwa-soNo. 25 kwan-li-so No. 1 housedfrom senior a .8 staff to at1.2 the meters-meterWar).” Do Kyung-Ok resolution et al., White KH-7 Paper on reconnaissance Human refine the satellite, date of the camps establishment in Update, (Washington, D.C.: HRNK, 2014) available Provincial Party, the head of a local MPS office, Rights in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute future updates. Referenced imagery includes: at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20April 24, 1966. and other high-ranking officials. North Korean for National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at KH-4B imagery dated May 28, 1970 and KH-9 Update%20Good.pdf. defector XXX [sic] testified that the father of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976.

CopyrightCOPYRIGHT © ©ALLSOURCE 2020 by ANALYSIS, the Committee INC. 2016 for Human Rights in North Korea Central Intelligence Agency 103 H R CH’OMA-BONGKYO-HWA-SOCAMP RESTRICTED ATNO. KAECH’ŎN 25 AREA H R N K N K Figure 5 North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp No. 25 - Update 2

analysis also supports escapee and other Prisons Bureau of the State Security located on the south bank of the Sol- square yards) and was expanded slightly reports indicating that Camp No. 25’s Department (SSD), which is under the gol-ch’ŏn (i.e., Solgol stream) across from by January 27, 1976, when it measured primary economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters light industry and agriculture. Despite Specifically, it is under the control of the foot and two road bridges connect it. (765 yards by 344 yards) and encom- extensive satellite imagery coverage SSD's North Hamgyong Provincial passed 15.30 hectares (181,987 square The date of establishment of Camp No. 6 of the camp, AllSource is presently Bureau and is located approximately 25 is unclear. One report indicates that yards) (Figure 1, Figure 2). unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- the camp was used as a prisoner-of-war High-resolution satellite imagery from open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, camp housing South Korean soldiers at January 18, 2003, through September prisoner population of 5,000 people. Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is the end of the Korean War.5 This, how- 21, 2015, indicates that the camp has As with the analytical caution presented ever, remains to be verified as it may not expanded during this period and that its in previous reports (such as North 4 It is interesting to note that although the escapee be referring to the present day camp but primary economic activities are centered Korea: Imagery Analysis Camp 16 and descriptions of this facility’s mission matches that rather to an activity in this area. The area on agriculture and light industry (Figure 3 of other kwan-li-so, the physical characteristics ob- North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp served in satellite imagery are more representative in which it is located has been involved through Figure 15). 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony in agricultural activities since at least the Several small villages and military Analysis), it is important to reiterate penitentiaries and prison camps. David Hawk, The 1950s. Satellite imagery does indicate facilities are located in the general area that North Korean officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, 2012, around the camp. The camp is connected those within the Korean People’s Army prior to May 28, 1970, at which time it www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- to the regional electric power grid via and the internal security organizations, lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes occupied an irregular shaped area that overhead high voltage power transmis- clearly understand the importance of Camp No. 25 this way, measured approximately 577 meters by sion cables that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, It is not structured as a village but is a fenced 315 meters (631 yards by 344 yards) and the substation approximately 1 kilometer and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp encompassed 13.76 hectares (164,568 to the southeast. It is connected to the their operations and intentions.3 [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective It would national rail network via the station at be reasonable to assume that they have living arrangements. The No. 25 [kwan-li-so] houses political prisoners only, while those who friend used to perform the duty of turning over Susŏng-dong, 800 meters to the east done so here. committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air arrested while attempting to cross the border Location and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean upon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, Onsung County, North People’s Air Force’s Sŭngam-ni Air Base, Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. out their families. …North Korean defector XXX 25 kwan-li-so in Chongjin. located 18 kilometers south-southwest. [sic] testified, “Military personnel are sent off to Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human Rights This is a training base, and based on 3 Bermudez Jr., Joseph S., Dinville, Andy and Eley, the Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] if in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute for its mission, organization, and location, Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to D.C.: The Committee for Human Rights in North Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] is for http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. Korea [HRNK], 2015) available at https://www.hrnk. those serving terms of 10 years or longer, but Camp No. 25. org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full- they can return to society once they complete 5 “After the Korean War, it was used as a detention res_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf and Bermudez Jr., Joseph these terms.” It was also testified that the facility for South Korean POWs (Prisoners of 6 HRNK anticipates that we will be able to further S. Imagery Analysis:A North view Korea’s of Campthe No.coal 15, mining No.activity 25 kwan-li-so northeast housed senior of staff Kyo-hwa-so at the War).” No. Do 1 Kyung-Okfrom a et .8 al., Whiteto 1.2 Paper meters-meter on Human refineresolution the date of theKH-7 camps establishment in Update, (Washington, D.C.: HRNK, 2014) available Provincial Party, the head of a local MPS office, Rights in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute future updates. Referenced imagery includes: at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20reconnaissance satellite, Apriland other 24, high-ranking 1966. officials. North Korean for National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at KH-4B imagery dated May 28, 1970 and KH-9 Update%20Good.pdf. defector XXX [sic] testified that the father of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976.

CopyrightCOPYRIGHT © ©ALLSOURCE 2020 by ANALYSIS, the Committee INC. 2016 for Human Rights in North Korea Central Intelligence Agency 113 H R CH’OMA-BONGKYO-HWA-SOCAMP RESTRICTED ATNO. KAECH’ŎN 25 AREA H R N K N K North Korea: ImageryNORTH KOREA’SAnalysis LONG-TERMof Camp No. 25 - Update 2 PRISON-LABOR FACILITY (KYO-HWA-SO) AT KAECH’ŎN

Coalanalysis mining also supports activity escapee (39.719885, and other facilityPrisons wasBureau established of the State Securityand when presentlocated onon the the south corners. bank ofThere the Sol were- storagesquare yards) areas. and While was expanded the latter slightly 125.944841)reports indicating consisting that Camp ofNo. several 25’s itDepartment was being (SSD) mined, which by is prisoners. under the a gol-ch’ŏntotal of three(i.e., Solgol entrances—one stream) across from areaby January was separated 27, 1976, when from it measured the other primary economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters mines,light industry a processing and agriculture. building, Despite Specifically, it is under the control of the externalfoot and twoand road two bridges internal. connect In theit. areas(765 yards by an by internal 344 yards) entrance, and encom it- headquartersextensive satellite and imagery barracks, coverage sup - AlthoughSSD's North it Hamgyongis not at the Provincial same res- headquarters, administration, ispassed unclear 15.30 whether hectares the (181,987 prisoner square The date of establishment of Camp No. 6 portof the buildings, camp, AllSource and isa presentlycoal pile are olutionBureau andas theis located 1966 approximately KH-7 image, a and25 is barracks unclear. One area, report there indicates were that housingyards) (Figure and 1,workshop Figure 2). areas unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- present approximately 2.2-kilome- 1.8-meter resolution KH-4B image nowthe camp approximately was used as asix prisoner-of-war buildings wereHigh-resolution yet separated satellite from imagery the fromother open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, ters northeast of Kyo-hwa-so No. 1 collected on April 30, 1972 shows ofcamp various housing sizes. South The Korean main soldiers prison at areasJanuary by 18, a 2003,wall. Workthrough appeared September to prisoner population of 5,000 people. Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is and were first observed in the April that considerable progress had areathe end then of theappears Korean to War. have5 This, been how- be21, ongoing 2015, indicates at the that underground the camp has 24,As with1966 the image. analytical This caution is likely presented the been made during the previous six dividedever, remains into: toprisoner be verified housing as it may and not politicalexpanded prison during thisfacility. period The and coalthat its in previous reports (such as North 4 It is interesting to note that although the escapee be referring to the present day camp but primary economic activities are centered “coalKorea: mine” Imagery that Analysis prisoners Camp from16 and the yearsdescriptions and thatof this facility’sthe camp mission was matches likely that workshop;rather to an activitylight industry, in this area. support, The area miningon agriculture activity and northeast light industry of (Figurethe 3 of other kwan-li-so, the physical characteristics ob- 2000sNorth Korea: describe Imagery as Analysis being ofnear Camp the operational.served in satellite The imagery perimeter are more representative secu- andin which vehicle it is located maintenance; has been involved live- campthrough remained Figure 15). active, although 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony prison and being mined by male rity wall around the prison was stockin agricultural and agricultural activities since support; at least the it Severalcannot small be determinedvillages and military if prison - Analysis), it 20is important to reiterate penitentiaries and prison camps. David Hawk, The prisoners. It is unclear when this complete with four guard towers and1950s. workshop, Satellite imagery warehouse, does indicate and ersfacilities are being are located used in in the the general mines. area that North Korean officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, 2012, around the camp. The camp is connected those within the Korean People’s Army prior to May 28, 1970, at which time it www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- to the regional electric power grid via and the internal security organizations, lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes occupied an irregular shaped area that overhead high voltage power transmis- clearly understand the importance of Camp No. 25 this way, measured approximately 577 meters by sion cables that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, It is not structured as a village but is a fenced 315 meters (631 yards by 344 yards) and the substation approximately 1 kilometer and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp encompassed 13.76 hectares (164,568 to the southeast. It is connected to the their operations and intentions.3 [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective It would national rail network via the station at be reasonable to assume that they have living arrangements. The No. 25 [kwan-li-so] houses political prisoners only, while those who friend used to perform the duty of turning over Susŏng-dong, 800 meters to the east done so here. committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air arrested while attempting to cross the border Location and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean upon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, Onsung County, North People’s Air Force’s Sŭngam-ni Air Base, Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. out their families. …North Korean defector XXX 25 kwan-li-so in Chongjin. located 18 kilometers south-southwest. [sic] testified, “Military personnel are sent off to Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human Rights This is a training base, and based on 3 Bermudez Jr., Joseph S., Dinville, Andy and Eley, the Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] if in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute for its mission, organization, and location, Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to D.C.: The Committee for Human Rights in North Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] is for http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. Korea [HRNK], 2015) available at https://www.hrnk. those serving terms of 10 years or longer, but Camp No. 25. org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full- they can return to society once they complete 5 “After the Korean War, it was used as a detention res_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf and Bermudez Jr., Joseph these terms.” It was also testified that the facility for South Korean POWs (Prisoners of 6 HRNK anticipates that we will be able to further S. Imagery Analysis: North Korea’s Camp No. 15, No. 25 kwan-li-so housed senior staff at the War).” Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human refine the date of the camps establishment in Update, (Washington, D.C.: HRNK, 2014) available Provincial Party, the head of a local MPS office, Rights in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute future updates. Referenced imagery includes: at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20 and other high-ranking officials. North Korean for National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at KH-4B imagery dated May 28, 1970 and KH-9 Update%20Good.pdf. defector XXX [sic] testified that the father of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976.

CopyrightCOPYRIGHT © ©ALLSOURCE 2020 by ANALYSIS, the Committee INC. 2016 for Human Rights in North Korea 123 H R CH’OMA-BONGKYO-HWA-SOCAMP RESTRICTED ATNO. KAECH’ŎN 25 AREA H R N K N K Figure 6 North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp No. 25 - Update 2

analysis also supports escapee and other Prisons Bureau of the State Security located on the south bank of the Sol- square yards) and was expanded slightly reports indicating that Camp No. 25’s Department (SSD), which is under the gol-ch’ŏn (i.e., Solgol stream) across from by January 27, 1976, when it measured primary economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters light industry and agriculture. Despite Specifically, it is under the control of the foot and two road bridges connect it. (765 yards by 344 yards) and encom- extensive satellite imagery coverage SSD's North Hamgyong Provincial passed 15.30 hectares (181,987 square The date of establishment of Camp No. 6 of the camp, AllSource is presently Bureau and is located approximately 25 is unclear. One report indicates that yards) (Figure 1, Figure 2). unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- the camp was used as a prisoner-of-war High-resolution satellite imagery from open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, camp housing South Korean soldiers at January 18, 2003, through September prisoner population of 5,000 people. Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is the end of the Korean War.5 This, how- 21, 2015, indicates that the camp has As with the analytical caution presented ever, remains to be verified as it may not expanded during this period and that its in previous reports (such as North 4 It is interesting to note that although the escapee be referring to the present day camp but primary economic activities are centered Korea: Imagery Analysis Camp 16 and descriptions of this facility’s mission matches that rather to an activity in this area. The area on agriculture and light industry (Figure 3 of other kwan-li-so, the physical characteristics ob- North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp served in satellite imagery are more representative in which it is located has been involved through Figure 15). 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony in agricultural activities since at least the Several small villages and military Analysis), it is important to reiterate penitentiaries and prison camps. David Hawk, The 1950s. Satellite imagery does indicate facilities are located in the general area that North Korean officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, 2012, around the camp. The camp is connected those within the Korean People’s Army prior to May 28, 1970, at which time it www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- to the regional electric power grid via and the internal security organizations, lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes occupied an irregular shaped area that overhead high voltage power transmis- clearly understand the importance of Camp No. 25 this way, measured approximately 577 meters by sion cables that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, It is not structured as a village but is a fenced 315 meters (631 yards by 344 yards) and the substation approximately 1 kilometer and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp encompassed 13.76 hectares (164,568 to the southeast. It is connected to the their operations and intentions.3 [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective It would national rail network via the station at be reasonable to assume that they have living arrangements. The No. 25 [kwan-li-so] houses political prisoners only, while those who friend used to perform the duty of turning over Susŏng-dong, 800 meters to the east done so here. committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air arrested while attempting to cross the border Location and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean upon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, Onsung County, North People’s Air Force’s Sŭngam-ni Air Base, Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. out their families. …North Korean defector XXX 25 kwan-li-so in Chongjin. located 18 kilometers south-southwest. [sic] testified, “Military personnel are sent off to Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human Rights This is a training base, and based on 3 Bermudez Jr., Joseph S., Dinville, Andy and Eley, the Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] if in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute for its mission, organization, and location, Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to D.C.: The Committee for Human Rights in North Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] is for http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. Korea [HRNK], 2015) available at https://www.hrnk. those serving terms of 10 years or longer, but Camp No. 25. org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full- they can return to society once they complete 5 “After the Korean War, it was used as a detention res_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf and Bermudez Jr., Joseph these terms.” It was also testified that the facility for South Korean POWs (Prisoners of 6 HRNK anticipates that we will be able to further S. Imagery Analysis:Overview North Korea’s Campof Kyo-hwa-so No. 15, No.No. 25 1 kwan-li-so as seen housed on senior April staff 20, at the 1972 in aWar).” declassified Do Kyung-Ok et al., 1.8-meterWhite Paper on Humanresolution refineimage the date collected of the camps establishment in Update, (Washington, D.C.: HRNK, 2014) available Provincial Party, the head of a local MPS office, Rights in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute future updates. Referenced imagery includes: at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20by a CIA KH-4B reconnaissanceand other high-ranking satellite. officials. North Korean for National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at KH-4B imagery dated May 28, 1970 and KH-9 Update%20Good.pdf. defector XXX [sic] testified that the father of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976.

CopyrightCOPYRIGHT © ©ALLSOURCE 2020 by ANALYSIS, the Committee INC. 2016 for Human Rights in North Korea Central Intelligence Agency 133 H R CH’OMA-BONGKYO-HWA-SOCAMP RESTRICTED ATNO. KAECH’ŎN 25 AREA H R N K N K Figure 7 North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp No. 25 - Update 2

analysis also supports escapee and other Prisons Bureau of the State Security located on the south bank of the Sol- square yards) and was expanded slightly reports indicating that Camp No. 25’s Department (SSD), which is under the gol-ch’ŏn (i.e., Solgol stream) across from by January 27, 1976, when it measured primary economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters light industry and agriculture. Despite Specifically, it is under the control of the foot and two road bridges connect it. (765 yards by 344 yards) and encom- extensive satellite imagery coverage SSD's North Hamgyong Provincial passed 15.30 hectares (181,987 square The date of establishment of Camp No. 6 of the camp, AllSource is presently Bureau and is located approximately 25 is unclear. One report indicates that yards) (Figure 1, Figure 2). unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- the camp was used as a prisoner-of-war High-resolution satellite imagery from open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, camp housing South Korean soldiers at January 18, 2003, through September prisoner population of 5,000 people. Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is the end of the Korean War.5 This, how- 21, 2015, indicates that the camp has As with the analytical caution presented ever, remains to be verified as it may not expanded during this period and that its in previous reports (such as North 4 It is interesting to note that although the escapee be referring to the present day camp but primary economic activities are centered Korea: Imagery Analysis Camp 16 and descriptions of this facility’s mission matches that rather to an activity in this area. The area on agriculture and light industry (Figure 3 of other kwan-li-so, the physical characteristics ob- North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp served in satellite imagery are more representative in which it is located has been involved through Figure 15). 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony in agricultural activities since at least the Several small villages and military Analysis), it is important to reiterate penitentiaries and prison camps. David Hawk, The 1950s. Satellite imagery does indicate facilities are located in the general area that North Korean officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, 2012, around the camp. The camp is connected those within the Korean People’s Army prior to May 28, 1970, at which time it www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- to the regional electric power grid via and the internal security organizations, lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes occupied an irregular shaped area that overhead high voltage power transmis- clearly understand the importance of Camp No. 25 this way, measured approximately 577 meters by sion cables that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, It is not structured as a village but is a fenced 315 meters (631 yards by 344 yards) and the substation approximately 1 kilometer and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp encompassed 13.76 hectares (164,568 to the southeast. It is connected to the their operations and intentions.3 [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective It would national rail network via the station at be reasonable to assume that they have living arrangements. The No. 25 [kwan-li-so] houses political prisoners only, while those who friend used to perform the duty of turning over Susŏng-dong, 800 meters to the east done so here. committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air arrested while attempting to cross the border Location and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean upon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, Onsung County, North People’s Air Force’s Sŭngam-ni Air Base, Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. out their families. …North Korean defector XXX 25 kwan-li-so in Chongjin. located 18 kilometers south-southwest. [sic] testified, “Military personnel are sent off to Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human Rights This is a training base, and based on 3 Bermudez Jr., Joseph S., Dinville, Andy and Eley, the Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] if in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute for its mission, organization, and location, Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to D.C.: The Committee for Human Rights in North Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] is for http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. Korea [HRNK], 2015) available at https://www.hrnk. those serving terms of 10 years or longer, but Camp No. 25. org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full- they can return to society once they complete 5 “After the Korean War, it was used as a detention res_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf and Bermudez Jr., Joseph these terms.” It was also testified that the facility for South Korean POWs (Prisoners of 6 HRNK anticipates that we will be able to further S. Imagery Analysis: North Korea’s Camp No. 15, No. 25 kwan-li-so housed senior staff at the War).” Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human refine the date of the camps establishment in Update, (Washington,An D.C.: April HRNK, 20, 2014) 1972available close-up Provincialview of Party, the the camp head of a showinglocal MPS office, the progressRights in North achieved Korea 2015 during(Seoul: Korea the Institute previous future six updates.years. Referenced imagery includes: at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20 and other high-ranking officials. North Korean for National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at KH-4B imagery dated May 28, 1970 and KH-9 Update%20Good.pdf. defector XXX [sic] testified that the father of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976.

CopyrightCOPYRIGHT © ©ALLSOURCE 2020 by ANALYSIS, the Committee INC. 2016 for Human Rights in North Korea Central Intelligence Agency 143 H R CH’OMA-BONGKYO-HWA-SOCAMP RESTRICTED ATNO. KAECH’ŎN 25 AREA H R N K N K Figure 8 North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp No. 25 - Update 2

analysis also supports escapee and other Prisons Bureau of the State Security located on the south bank of the Sol- square yards) and was expanded slightly reports indicating that Camp No. 25’s Department (SSD), which is under the gol-ch’ŏn (i.e., Solgol stream) across from by January 27, 1976, when it measured primary economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters light industry and agriculture. Despite Specifically, it is under the control of the foot and two road bridges connect it. (765 yards by 344 yards) and encom- extensive satellite imagery coverage SSD's North Hamgyong Provincial passed 15.30 hectares (181,987 square The date of establishment of Camp No. 6 of the camp, AllSource is presently Bureau and is located approximately 25 is unclear. One report indicates that yards) (Figure 1, Figure 2). unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- the camp was used as a prisoner-of-war High-resolution satellite imagery from open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, camp housing South Korean soldiers at January 18, 2003, through September prisoner population of 5,000 people. Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is the end of the Korean War.5 This, how- 21, 2015, indicates that the camp has As with the analytical caution presented ever, remains to be verified as it may not expanded during this period and that its in previous reports (such as North 4 It is interesting to note that although the escapee be referring to the present day camp but primary economic activities are centered Korea: Imagery Analysis Camp 16 and descriptions of this facility’s mission matches that rather to an activity in this area. The area on agriculture and light industry (Figure 3 of other kwan-li-so, the physical characteristics ob- North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp served in satellite imagery are more representative in which it is located has been involved through Figure 15). 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony in agricultural activities since at least the Several small villages and military Analysis), it is important to reiterate penitentiaries and prison camps. David Hawk, The 1950s. Satellite imagery does indicate facilities are located in the general area that North Korean officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, 2012, around the camp. The camp is connected those within the Korean People’s Army prior to May 28, 1970, at which time it www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- to the regional electric power grid via and the internal security organizations, lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes occupied an irregular shaped area that overhead high voltage power transmis- clearly understand the importance of Camp No. 25 this way, measured approximately 577 meters by sion cables that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, It is not structured as a village but is a fenced 315 meters (631 yards by 344 yards) and the substation approximately 1 kilometer and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp encompassed 13.76 hectares (164,568 to the southeast. It is connected to the their operations and intentions.3 [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective It would national rail network via the station at be reasonable to assume that they have living arrangements. The No. 25 [kwan-li-so] houses political prisoners only, while those who friend used to perform the duty of turning over Susŏng-dong, 800 meters to the east done so here. committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air arrested while attempting to cross the border Location and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean upon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, Onsung County, North People’s Air Force’s Sŭngam-ni Air Base, Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. out their families. …North Korean defector XXX 25 kwan-li-so in Chongjin. located 18 kilometers south-southwest. [sic] testified, “Military personnel are sent off to Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human Rights This is a training base, and based on 3 Bermudez Jr., Joseph S., Dinville, Andy and Eley, the Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] if in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute for its mission, organization, and location, Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to D.C.: The Committee for Human Rights in North Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] is for http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. Korea [HRNK], 2015) available at https://www.hrnk. those serving terms of 10 years or longer, but Camp No. 25. org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full- they can return to society once they complete 5 “After the Korean War, it was used as a detention res_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf and Bermudez Jr., Joseph these terms.” It was also testified that the facility for South Korean POWs (Prisoners of 6 HRNK anticipates that we will be able to further S. Imagery Analysis:A North view Korea’s of Campthe miningNo. 15, activityNo. 25 northeast kwan-li-so housed of seniorKyo-hwa-so staff at the No. 1War).” showing Do Kyung-Ok that et al., the White main Paper on facilitiesHuman arerefine still the presentdate of the camps establishment in Update, (Washington, D.C.: HRNK, 2014) available Provincial Party, the head of a local MPS office, Rights in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute future updates. Referenced imagery includes: at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20and active. and other high-ranking officials. North Korean for National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at KH-4B imagery dated May 28, 1970 and KH-9 Update%20Good.pdf. defector XXX [sic] testified that the father of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976.

CopyrightCOPYRIGHT © ©ALLSOURCE 2020 by ANALYSIS, the Committee INC. 2016 for Human Rights in North Korea Central Intelligence Agency 153 H R CH’OMA-BONGKYO-HWA-SOCAMP RESTRICTED ATNO. KAECH’ŎN 25 AREA H R N K N K North Korea: ImageryNORTH KOREA’SAnalysis LONG-TERMof Camp No. 25 - Update 2 PRISON-LABOR FACILITY (KYO-HWA-SO) AT KAECH’ŎN

Regrettably,analysis also supports no high-resolution escapee and other wouldPrisons retain Bureau until of the the State present. Security The Withinlocated theon the main south prison, bank of a the second Sol- maintenancesquare yards) and areas. was expandedA workshop, slightly satellitereports indicating imagery that is Camp readily No. avail25’s - securityDepartment perimeter, (SSD), which consisting is under the of a largegol-ch’ŏn building (i.e., Solgol for stream)prisoner across hous from- warehouse,by January 27, and 1976, storage when it measured area were primary economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters ablelight industryfrom 1972 and agriculture.through theDespite early highSpecifically, wall, now it is encompassedunder the control ofthe the ingfoot had and beentwo road built bridges and connect a wall it.with now(765 operational yards by 344 yards) and separatedand encom- 2000s.extensive However, satellite imagery imagery coverage from entireSSD's Northfacility, Hamgyong including Provincial the under - an entrance now separated pris- frompassed the 15.30 other hectares prison (181,987 areas square by its The date of establishment of Camp No. 6 Decemberof the camp, 5,AllSource 2002 indicatesis presently that groundBureau and political is located prison approximately camp. In oner25 is housing unclear. One and report the indicates workshop that ownyards) entrance. (Figure 1, FigureThe headquarters, 2). unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- numerous and significant changes total, there were now seven guard areasthe camp from was the used rest as ofa prisoner-of-war the prison. administration,High-resolution satellite and barracks imagery from area open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, had taken place during the inter- towers (two at the underground Additionally,camp housing thereSouth wereKorean now soldiers oper at- hadJanuary expanded, 18, 2003, a through monument September was prisoner population of 5,000 people. Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is vening years and that the facility prison) and seven entrances (two ationalthe end livestockof the Korean and War. agriculture,5 This, how- now21, 2015, present, indicates and that a thelarge camp building has hadAs with essentially the analytical reached caution the presented size it external and six internal). lightever, industry,remains to support,be verified and as it vehiclemay not wasexpanded under during construction. this period and that its in previous reports (such as North 4 It is interesting to note that although the escapee be referring to the present day camp but primary economic activities are centered Korea: Imagery Analysis Camp 16 and descriptions of this facility’s mission matches that rather to an activity in this area. The area on agriculture and light industry (Figure 3 of other kwan-li-so, the physical characteristics ob- North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp served in satellite imagery are more representative in which it is located has been involved through Figure 15). 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony in agricultural activities since at least the Several small villages and military Analysis), it is important to reiterate penitentiaries and prison camps. David Hawk, The 1950s. Satellite imagery does indicate facilities are located in the general area that North Korean officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, 2012, around the camp. The camp is connected those within the Korean People’s Army prior to May 28, 1970, at which time it www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- to the regional electric power grid via and the internal security organizations, lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes occupied an irregular shaped area that overhead high voltage power transmis- clearly understand the importance of Camp No. 25 this way, measured approximately 577 meters by sion cables that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, It is not structured as a village but is a fenced 315 meters (631 yards by 344 yards) and the substation approximately 1 kilometer and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp encompassed 13.76 hectares (164,568 to the southeast. It is connected to the their operations and intentions.3 [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective It would national rail network via the station at be reasonable to assume that they have living arrangements. The No. 25 [kwan-li-so] houses political prisoners only, while those who friend used to perform the duty of turning over Susŏng-dong, 800 meters to the east done so here. committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air arrested while attempting to cross the border Location and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean upon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, Onsung County, North People’s Air Force’s Sŭngam-ni Air Base, Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. out their families. …North Korean defector XXX 25 kwan-li-so in Chongjin. located 18 kilometers south-southwest. [sic] testified, “Military personnel are sent off to Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human Rights This is a training base, and based on 3 Bermudez Jr., Joseph S., Dinville, Andy and Eley, the Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] if in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute for its mission, organization, and location, Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to D.C.: The Committee for Human Rights in North Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] is for http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. Korea [HRNK], 2015) available at https://www.hrnk. those serving terms of 10 years or longer, but Camp No. 25. org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full- they can return to society once they complete 5 “After the Korean War, it was used as a detention res_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf and Bermudez Jr., Joseph these terms.” It was also testified that the facility for South Korean POWs (Prisoners of 6 HRNK anticipates that we will be able to further S. Imagery Analysis: North Korea’s Camp No. 15, No. 25 kwan-li-so housed senior staff at the War).” Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human refine the date of the camps establishment in Update, (Washington, D.C.: HRNK, 2014) available Provincial Party, the head of a local MPS office, Rights in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute future updates. Referenced imagery includes: at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20 and other high-ranking officials. North Korean for National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at KH-4B imagery dated May 28, 1970 and KH-9 Update%20Good.pdf. defector XXX [sic] testified that the father of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976.

CopyrightCOPYRIGHT © ©ALLSOURCE 2020 by ANALYSIS, the Committee INC. 2016 for Human Rights in North Korea 163 H R CH’OMA-BONGKYO-HWA-SOCAMP RESTRICTED ATNO. KAECH’ŎN 25 AREA H R N K N K Figure 9 North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp No. 25 - Update 2

analysis also supports escapee and other Prisons Bureau of the State Security located on the south bank of the Sol- square yards) and was expanded slightly reports indicating that Camp No. 25’s Department (SSD), which is under the gol-ch’ŏn (i.e., Solgol stream) across from by January 27, 1976, when it measured primary economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters light industry and agriculture. Despite Specifically, it is under the control of the foot and two road bridges connect it. (765 yards by 344 yards) and encom- extensive satellite imagery coverage SSD's North Hamgyong Provincial passed 15.30 hectares (181,987 square The date of establishment of Camp No. 6 of the camp, AllSource is presently Bureau and is located approximately 25 is unclear. One report indicates that yards) (Figure 1, Figure 2). unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- the camp was used as a prisoner-of-war High-resolution satellite imagery from open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, camp housing South Korean soldiers at January 18, 2003, through September prisoner population of 5,000 people. Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is the end of the Korean War.5 This, how- 21, 2015, indicates that the camp has As with the analytical caution presented ever, remains to be verified as it may not expanded during this period and that its in previous reports (such as North 4 It is interesting to note that although the escapee be referring to the present day camp but primary economic activities are centered Korea: Imagery Analysis Camp 16 and descriptions of this facility’s mission matches that rather to an activity in this area. The area on agriculture and light industry (Figure 3 of other kwan-li-so, the physical characteristics ob- North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp served in satellite imagery are more representative in which it is located has been involved through Figure 15). 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony in agricultural activities since at least the Several small villages and military Analysis), it is important to reiterate penitentiaries and prison camps. David Hawk, The 1950s. Satellite imagery does indicate facilities are located in the general area that North Korean officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, 2012, around the camp. The camp is connected those within the Korean People’s Army prior to May 28, 1970, at which time it www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- to the regional electric power grid via and the internal security organizations, lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes occupied an irregular shaped area that overhead high voltage power transmis- clearly understand the importance of Camp No. 25 this way, measured approximately 577 meters by sion cables that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, It is not structured as a village but is a fenced 315 meters (631 yards by 344 yards) and the substation approximately 1 kilometer and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp encompassed 13.76 hectares (164,568 to the southeast. It is connected to the their operations and intentions.3 [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective It would national rail network via the station at be reasonable to assume that they have living arrangements. The No. 25 [kwan-li-so] houses political prisoners only, while those who friend used to perform the duty of turning over Susŏng-dong, 800 meters to the east done so here. committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air arrested while attempting to cross the border Location and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean upon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, Onsung County, North People’s Air Force’s Sŭngam-ni Air Base, Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. out their families. …North Korean defector XXX 25 kwan-li-so in Chongjin. located 18 kilometers south-southwest. [sic] testified, “Military personnel are sent off to Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human Rights This is a training base, and based on 3 Bermudez Jr., Joseph S., Dinville, Andy and Eley, the Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] if in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute for its mission, organization, and location, Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to D.C.: The Committee for Human Rights in North Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] is for http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. Korea [HRNK], 2015) available at https://www.hrnk. those serving terms of 10 years or longer, but Camp No. 25. org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full- they can return to society once they complete 5 “After the Korean War, it was used as a detention res_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf and Bermudez Jr., Joseph these terms.” It was also testified that the facility for South Korean POWs (Prisoners of 6 HRNK anticipates that we will be able to further S. Imagery Analysis: North Korea’s Camp No. 15, No. 25 kwan-li-so housed senior staff at the War).” Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human refine the date of the camps establishment in Update, (Washington,General D.C.: HRNK, view 2014) available of the Kyo-hwa-soProvincial Party, No. the 1 headas seenof a local inMPS an office, image collectedRights in North Korea on 2015December (Seoul: Korea 5,Institute 2002. future updates. Referenced imagery includes: at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20 and other high-ranking officials. North Korean for National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at KH-4B imagery dated May 28, 1970 and KH-9 Update%20Good.pdf. defector XXX [sic] testified that the father of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976.

CopyrightCOPYRIGHT © ©ALLSOURCE 2020 by ANALYSIS, the Committee INC. 2016 for Human Rights in North Korea Copyright © 2020 by DigitalGlobe, NextView License 173 H R CH’OMA-BONGKYO-HWA-SOCAMP RESTRICTED ATNO. KAECH’ŎN 25 AREA H R N K N K North Korea: ImageryNORTH KOREA’SAnalysis LONG-TERMof Camp No. 25 - Update 2 PRISON-LABOR FACILITY (KYO-HWA-SO) AT KAECH’ŎN

Theanalysis underground also supports political escapee andprison other ThePrisons December Bureau of 5,the 2002 State Security image northeast.located on the Several south bank agricultural of the Sol- severalsquare yards)mines. and Former was expanded prisoner slightly tes- campreports appears indicating to that be Camp complete No. 25’s with alsoDepartment shows (SSD) that, whicha small is under partially the structuresgol-ch’ŏn (i.e., (e.g., Solgol housing, stream) acrossbarns, from timonyby January indicates 27, 1976, that, when by it measured this time, primary economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters alight separate industry enclosed and agriculture. security Despite wall walledSpecifically, compound it is under was the controlunder of the threshingfoot and two houses, road bridges etc.) connect and a it. fish male(765 prisonersyards by 344 from yards) the and camp encom - with two guard towers, a single construction approximately 350 pond had also been built in the were being used to work the re- extensive satellite imagery coverage SSD's North Hamgyong Provincial The date of establishment of Camp No. passed 15.30 hectares (181,987 square 21 6 externalof the camp, entrance, AllSource andis presently two build - metersBureau andeast is locatedof the approximatelymain prison. areas25 is unclear. surrounding One report the indicates prison. that mainingyards) (Figure coal 1,mines. Figure 2). This may be unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- ings. The two entrances to the the camp was used as a prisoner-of-war supportedHigh-resolution by the satellite wall imagery with gates from open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, underground facility are reported Outside of the prison itself, the Severalcamp housing significant South Korean changes soldiers were at thatJanuary now 18, encompass 2003, through the September head- prisoner population of 5,000 people. Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is to be on the west and southwest prison staff housing area had observedthe end of atthe the Korean mining War.5 This,activity how - quarters21, 2015, indicates and barracks that the campbuildings. has sidesAs with of the this analytical small caution compound. presented increased slightly in size; a small northeastever, remains of to the be verifiedprison. asMost it may not expanded during this period and that its in previous reports (such as North 4 It is interesting to note that although the escapee be referring to the present day camp but primary economic activities are centered ThisKorea: facility Imagery was Analysis likely Camp operational 16 and greenhousedescriptions of this complex facility’s mission was matches built that significantrather to an activity was thein this razing area. The of areawhat on agriculture and light industry (Figure 3 of other kwan-li-so, the physical characteristics ob- sometimeNorth Korea: before Imagery this Analysis December of Camp 5, to servedthe northwest in satellite imagery of are this more area representative and appearsin which itto is belocated an ore has processingbeen involved through Figure 15). 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony 2002 image. a school had been built to the buildingin agricultural and activities the abandonment since at least the of Several small villages and military Analysis), it is important to reiterate penitentiaries and prison camps. David Hawk, The 1950s. Satellite imagery does indicate facilities are located in the general area that North Korean officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, 2012, around the camp. The camp is connected those within the Korean People’s Army prior to May 28, 1970, at which time it www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- to the regional electric power grid via and the internal security organizations, lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes occupied an irregular shaped area that overhead high voltage power transmis- clearly understand the importance of Camp No. 25 this way, measured approximately 577 meters by sion cables that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, It is not structured as a village but is a fenced 315 meters (631 yards by 344 yards) and the substation approximately 1 kilometer and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp encompassed 13.76 hectares (164,568 to the southeast. It is connected to the their operations and intentions.3 [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective It would national rail network via the station at be reasonable to assume that they have living arrangements. The No. 25 [kwan-li-so] houses political prisoners only, while those who friend used to perform the duty of turning over Susŏng-dong, 800 meters to the east done so here. committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air arrested while attempting to cross the border Location and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean upon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, Onsung County, North People’s Air Force’s Sŭngam-ni Air Base, Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. out their families. …North Korean defector XXX 25 kwan-li-so in Chongjin. located 18 kilometers south-southwest. [sic] testified, “Military personnel are sent off to Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human Rights This is a training base, and based on 3 Bermudez Jr., Joseph S., Dinville, Andy and Eley, the Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] if in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute for its mission, organization, and location, Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to D.C.: The Committee for Human Rights in North Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] is for http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. Korea [HRNK], 2015) available at https://www.hrnk. those serving terms of 10 years or longer, but Camp No. 25. org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full- they can return to society once they complete 5 “After the Korean War, it was used as a detention res_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf and Bermudez Jr., Joseph these terms.” It was also testified that the facility for South Korean POWs (Prisoners of 6 HRNK anticipates that we will be able to further S. Imagery Analysis: North Korea’s Camp No. 15, No. 25 kwan-li-so housed senior staff at the War).” Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human refine the date of the camps establishment in Update, (Washington, D.C.: HRNK, 2014) available Provincial Party, the head of a local MPS office, Rights in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute future updates. Referenced imagery includes: at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20 and other high-ranking officials. North Korean for National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at KH-4B imagery dated May 28, 1970 and KH-9 Update%20Good.pdf. defector XXX [sic] testified that the father of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976.

CopyrightCOPYRIGHT © ©ALLSOURCE 2020 by ANALYSIS, the Committee INC. 2016 for Human Rights in North Korea 183 H R CH’OMA-BONGKYO-HWA-SOCAMP RESTRICTED ATNO. KAECH’ŎN 25 AREA H R N K N K Figure 10 North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp No. 25 - Update 2

analysis also supports escapee and other Prisons Bureau of the State Security located on the south bank of the Sol- square yards) and was expanded slightly reports indicating that Camp No. 25’s Department (SSD), which is under the gol-ch’ŏn (i.e., Solgol stream) across from by January 27, 1976, when it measured primary economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters light industry and agriculture. Despite Specifically, it is under the control of the foot and two road bridges connect it. (765 yards by 344 yards) and encom- extensive satellite imagery coverage SSD's North Hamgyong Provincial passed 15.30 hectares (181,987 square The date of establishment of Camp No. 6 of the camp, AllSource is presently Bureau and is located approximately 25 is unclear. One report indicates that yards) (Figure 1, Figure 2). unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- the camp was used as a prisoner-of-war High-resolution satellite imagery from open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, camp housing South Korean soldiers at January 18, 2003, through September prisoner population of 5,000 people. Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is the end of the Korean War.5 This, how- 21, 2015, indicates that the camp has As with the analytical caution presented ever, remains to be verified as it may not expanded during this period and that its in previous reports (such as North 4 It is interesting to note that although the escapee be referring to the present day camp but primary economic activities are centered Korea: Imagery Analysis Camp 16 and descriptions of this facility’s mission matches that rather to an activity in this area. The area on agriculture and light industry (Figure 3 of other kwan-li-so, the physical characteristics ob- North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp served in satellite imagery are more representative in which it is located has been involved through Figure 15). 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony in agricultural activities since at least the Several small villages and military Analysis), it is important to reiterate penitentiaries and prison camps. David Hawk, The 1950s. Satellite imagery does indicate facilities are located in the general area that North Korean officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, 2012, around the camp. The camp is connected those within the Korean People’s Army prior to May 28, 1970, at which time it www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- to the regional electric power grid via and the internal security organizations, lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes occupied an irregular shaped area that overhead high voltage power transmis- clearly understand the importance of Camp No. 25 this way, measured approximately 577 meters by sion cables that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, It is not structured as a village but is a fenced 315 meters (631 yards by 344 yards) and the substation approximately 1 kilometer and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp encompassed 13.76 hectares (164,568 to the southeast. It is connected to the their operations and intentions.3 [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective It would national rail network via the station at be reasonable to assume that they have living arrangements. The No. 25 [kwan-li-so] houses political prisoners only, while those who friend used to perform the duty of turning over Susŏng-dong, 800 meters to the east done so here. committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air arrested while attempting to cross the border Location and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean upon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, Onsung County, North People’s Air Force’s Sŭngam-ni Air Base, Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. out their families. …North Korean defector XXX 25 kwan-li-so in Chongjin. located 18 kilometers south-southwest. [sic] testified, “Military personnel are sent off to Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human Rights This is a training base, and based on 3 Bermudez Jr., Joseph S., Dinville, Andy and Eley, the Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] if in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute for its mission, organization, and location, Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to D.C.: The Committee for Human Rights in North Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] is for http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. Korea [HRNK], 2015) available at https://www.hrnk. those serving terms of 10 years or longer, but Camp No. 25. org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full- they can return to society once they complete 5 “After the Korean War, it was used as a detention res_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf and Bermudez Jr., Joseph these terms.” It was also testified that the facility for South Korean POWs (Prisoners of 6 HRNK anticipates that we will be able to further S. Imagery Analysis: North Korea’s Camp No. 15, No. 25 kwan-li-so housed senior staff at the War).” Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human refine the date of the camps establishment in Update, (Washington,Detailed D.C.: HRNK, 2014)view available of the prisonProvincial showing Party, the the head numerous of a local MPS office, changes Rights that in North had Korea occurred 2015 (Seoul: duringKorea Institute the interveningfuture updates. years. Referenced imagery includes: at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20Notable are the completedand underground other high-ranking officials. political North prisonKorean campfor National and Unification, the construction 2015), p. 122, available and at separationKH-4B imagery of distinct dated May 28, 1970 and KH-9 Update%20Good.pdf. defector XXX [sic] testified that the father of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976. functional areas, December 5, 2002.

CopyrightCOPYRIGHT © ©ALLSOURCE 2020 by ANALYSIS, the Committee INC. 2016 for Human Rights in North Korea Copyright © 2020 by DigitalGlobe, NextView License 193 H R CH’OMA-BONGKYO-HWA-SOCAMP RESTRICTED ATNO. KAECH’ŎN 25 AREA H R N K N K Figure 11 North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp No. 25 - Update 2

analysis also supports escapee and other Prisons Bureau of the State Security located on the south bank of the Sol- square yards) and was expanded slightly reports indicating that Camp No. 25’s Department (SSD), which is under the gol-ch’ŏn (i.e., Solgol stream) across from by January 27, 1976, when it measured primary economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters light industry and agriculture. Despite Specifically, it is under the control of the foot and two road bridges connect it. (765 yards by 344 yards) and encom- extensive satellite imagery coverage SSD's North Hamgyong Provincial passed 15.30 hectares (181,987 square The date of establishment of Camp No. 6 of the camp, AllSource is presently Bureau and is located approximately 25 is unclear. One report indicates that yards) (Figure 1, Figure 2). unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- the camp was used as a prisoner-of-war High-resolution satellite imagery from open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, camp housing South Korean soldiers at January 18, 2003, through September prisoner population of 5,000 people. Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is the end of the Korean War.5 This, how- 21, 2015, indicates that the camp has As with the analytical caution presented ever, remains to be verified as it may not expanded during this period and that its in previous reports (such as North 4 It is interesting to note that although the escapee be referring to the present day camp but primary economic activities are centered Korea: Imagery Analysis Camp 16 and descriptions of this facility’s mission matches that rather to an activity in this area. The area on agriculture and light industry (Figure 3 of other kwan-li-so, the physical characteristics ob- North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp served in satellite imagery are more representative in which it is located has been involved through Figure 15). 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony in agricultural activities since at least the Several small villages and military Analysis), it is important to reiterate penitentiaries and prison camps. David Hawk, The 1950s. Satellite imagery does indicate facilities are located in the general area that North Korean officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, 2012, around the camp. The camp is connected those within the Korean People’s Army prior to May 28, 1970, at which time it www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- to the regional electric power grid via and the internal security organizations, lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes occupied an irregular shaped area that overhead high voltage power transmis- clearly understand the importance of Camp No. 25 this way, measured approximately 577 meters by sion cables that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, It is not structured as a village but is a fenced 315 meters (631 yards by 344 yards) and the substation approximately 1 kilometer and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp encompassed 13.76 hectares (164,568 to the southeast. It is connected to the their operations and intentions.3 [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective It would national rail network via the station at be reasonable to assume that they have living arrangements. The No. 25 [kwan-li-so] houses political prisoners only, while those who friend used to perform the duty of turning over Susŏng-dong, 800 meters to the east done so here. committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air arrested while attempting to cross the border Location and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean upon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, Onsung County, North People’s Air Force’s Sŭngam-ni Air Base, Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. out their families. …North Korean defector XXX 25 kwan-li-so in Chongjin. located 18 kilometers south-southwest. [sic] testified, “Military personnel are sent off to Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human Rights This is a training base, and based on 3 Bermudez Jr., Joseph S., Dinville, Andy and Eley, the Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] if in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute for its mission, organization, and location, Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to D.C.: The Committee for Human Rights in North Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] is for http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. Korea [HRNK], 2015) available at https://www.hrnk. those serving terms of 10 years or longer, but Camp No. 25. org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full- they can return to society once they complete 5 “After the Korean War, it was used as a detention res_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf and Bermudez Jr., Joseph these terms.” It was also testified that the facility for South Korean POWs (Prisoners of 6 HRNK anticipates that we will be able to further S. Imagery Analysis: North Korea’s Camp No. 15, No. 25 kwan-li-so housed senior staff at the War).” Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human refine the date of the camps establishment in Update, (Washington,A D.C.:view HRNK, of 2014) the available mining activityProvincial northeast Party, the head of of Kyo-hwa-so a local MPS office, No. 1Rights showing in North Korea that 2015 while (Seoul: Koreathe Institutearea is stillfuture active, updates. the Referenced imagery includes: at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20ore processing building hasand beenother high-ranking razed officials. and several North Korean mines forappear National Unification, to be abandoned. 2015), p. 122, available Additionally, at KH-4B imagerythe dated May 28, 1970 and KH-9 Update%20Good.pdf. defector XXX [sic] testified that the father of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976. headquarters and barracks buildings have been enclosed by a wall with gates.

CopyrightCOPYRIGHT © ©ALLSOURCE 2020 by ANALYSIS, the Committee INC. 2016 for Human Rights in North Korea Copyright © 2020 by DigitalGlobe, NextView License 203 H R CH’OMA-BONGKYO-HWA-SOCAMP RESTRICTED ATNO. KAECH’ŎN 25 AREA H R N K N K North Korea: ImageryNORTH KOREA’SAnalysis LONG-TERMof Camp No. 25 - Update 2 PRISON-LABOR FACILITY (KYO-HWA-SO) AT KAECH’ŎN

Ananalysis image also collected supports escapee on December and other sizePrisons or missions.Bureau of the The State one Security excep - timelocated (see on below).the south In bank the of areas the Sol - tosquare access yards) this and was was via expanded the road slightly 31,reports 2010 indicating shows thatthat, Camp with No. one 25’s ex - tionDepartment witnessed (SSD) ,is which the ismain under en the- surroundinggol-ch’ŏn (i.e., Solgol the prison stream) a across small from thatby January passed 27, the 1976, main when prisonit measured and primary economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters ception,light industry only and minor agriculture. changes Despite (e.g., tranceSpecifically, of the it is camp under thebeing control rebuilt of the numberfoot and oftwo new road agriculture-related bridges connect it. this(765 is yards a clear by 344 indication yards) and of encom direct- smallextensive buildings satellite imagery being coveragerazed or sometimeSSD's North aroundHamgyong 2007–2008 Provincial buildings had been built. associationpassed 15.30 betweenhectares (181,987 the two. square The date of establishment of Camp No. 6 built,of the etc.)camp, had AllSource occurred is presently at Kyo- withBureau a second and is located entrance. approximately 25 is unclear. One report indicates that yards) (Figure 1, Figure 2). unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- hwa-so No. 1 during the previous Thethe campwalled was compound used as a prisoner-of-war 350 meters High-resolution satellite imagery from open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, eight years. These changes were No changes were noted at the eastcamp of housing the main South prison, Korean while soldiers still at January 18, 2003, through September prisoner population of 5,000 people. Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is typical of what would be expected underground political prison camp underthe end construction, of the Korean War. was5 This, now how com- - 21, 2015, indicates that the camp has atAs such with the a small analytical prison caution facility presented and that, according to former prisoner pletelyever, remains walled to bein verifiedand had as itguard may not expanded during this period and that its in previous reports (such as North 4 It is interesting to note that although the escapee be referring to the present day camp but primary economic activities are centered provideKorea: Imagery no significant Analysis Camp insights 16 and testimony,descriptions of had this facility’s been mission repurposed matches that towersrather to on an theactivity southwest in this area. and The area on agriculture and light industry (Figure 3 of other kwan-li-so, the physical characteristics ob- intoNorth any Korea: changes Imagery inAnalysis population of Camp asserved a labor in satellite training imagery campare more representativeby this northeastin which it is corners. located has The been only involved way through Figure 15). 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony in agricultural activities since at least the Several small villages and military Analysis), it is important to reiterate penitentiaries and prison camps. David Hawk, The 1950s. Satellite imagery does indicate facilities are located in the general area that North Korean officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, 2012, around the camp. The camp is connected those within the Korean People’s Army prior to May 28, 1970, at which time it www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- to the regional electric power grid via and the internal security organizations, lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes occupied an irregular shaped area that overhead high voltage power transmis- clearly understand the importance of Camp No. 25 this way, measured approximately 577 meters by sion cables that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, It is not structured as a village but is a fenced 315 meters (631 yards by 344 yards) and the substation approximately 1 kilometer and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp encompassed 13.76 hectares (164,568 to the southeast. It is connected to the their operations and intentions.3 [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective It would national rail network via the station at be reasonable to assume that they have living arrangements. The No. 25 [kwan-li-so] houses political prisoners only, while those who friend used to perform the duty of turning over Susŏng-dong, 800 meters to the east done so here. committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air arrested while attempting to cross the border Location and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean upon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, Onsung County, North People’s Air Force’s Sŭngam-ni Air Base, Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. out their families. …North Korean defector XXX 25 kwan-li-so in Chongjin. located 18 kilometers south-southwest. [sic] testified, “Military personnel are sent off to Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human Rights This is a training base, and based on 3 Bermudez Jr., Joseph S., Dinville, Andy and Eley, the Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] if in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute for its mission, organization, and location, Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to D.C.: The Committee for Human Rights in North Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] is for http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. Korea [HRNK], 2015) available at https://www.hrnk. those serving terms of 10 years or longer, but Camp No. 25. org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full- they can return to society once they complete 5 “After the Korean War, it was used as a detention res_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf and Bermudez Jr., Joseph these terms.” It was also testified that the facility for South Korean POWs (Prisoners of 6 HRNK anticipates that we will be able to further S. Imagery Analysis: North Korea’s Camp No. 15, No. 25 kwan-li-so housed senior staff at the War).” Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human refine the date of the camps establishment in Update, (Washington, D.C.: HRNK, 2014) available Provincial Party, the head of a local MPS office, Rights in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute future updates. Referenced imagery includes: at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20 and other high-ranking officials. North Korean for National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at KH-4B imagery dated May 28, 1970 and KH-9 Update%20Good.pdf. defector XXX [sic] testified that the father of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976.

CopyrightCOPYRIGHT © ©ALLSOURCE 2020 by ANALYSIS, the Committee INC. 2016 for Human Rights in North Korea 213 H R CH’OMA-BONGKYO-HWA-SOCAMP RESTRICTED ATNO. KAECH’ŎN 25 AREA H R N K N K Figure 12 North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp No. 25 - Update 2

analysis also supports escapee and other Prisons Bureau of the State Security located on the south bank of the Sol- square yards) and was expanded slightly reports indicating that Camp No. 25’s Department (SSD), which is under the gol-ch’ŏn (i.e., Solgol stream) across from by January 27, 1976, when it measured primary economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters light industry and agriculture. Despite Specifically, it is under the control of the foot and two road bridges connect it. (765 yards by 344 yards) and encom- extensive satellite imagery coverage SSD's North Hamgyong Provincial passed 15.30 hectares (181,987 square The date of establishment of Camp No. 6 of the camp, AllSource is presently Bureau and is located approximately 25 is unclear. One report indicates that yards) (Figure 1, Figure 2). unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- the camp was used as a prisoner-of-war High-resolution satellite imagery from open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, camp housing South Korean soldiers at January 18, 2003, through September prisoner population of 5,000 people. Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is the end of the Korean War.5 This, how- 21, 2015, indicates that the camp has As with the analytical caution presented ever, remains to be verified as it may not expanded during this period and that its in previous reports (such as North 4 It is interesting to note that although the escapee be referring to the present day camp but primary economic activities are centered Korea: Imagery Analysis Camp 16 and descriptions of this facility’s mission matches that rather to an activity in this area. The area on agriculture and light industry (Figure 3 of other kwan-li-so, the physical characteristics ob- North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp served in satellite imagery are more representative in which it is located has been involved through Figure 15). 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony in agricultural activities since at least the Several small villages and military Analysis), it is important to reiterate penitentiaries and prison camps. David Hawk, The 1950s. Satellite imagery does indicate facilities are located in the general area that North Korean officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, 2012, around the camp. The camp is connected those within the Korean People’s Army prior to May 28, 1970, at which time it www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- to the regional electric power grid via and the internal security organizations, lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes occupied an irregular shaped area that overhead high voltage power transmis- clearly understand the importance of Camp No. 25 this way, measured approximately 577 meters by sion cables that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, It is not structured as a village but is a fenced 315 meters (631 yards by 344 yards) and the substation approximately 1 kilometer and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp encompassed 13.76 hectares (164,568 to the southeast. It is connected to the their operations and intentions.3 [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective It would national rail network via the station at be reasonable to assume that they have living arrangements. The No. 25 [kwan-li-so] houses political prisoners only, while those who friend used to perform the duty of turning over Susŏng-dong, 800 meters to the east done so here. committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air arrested while attempting to cross the border Location and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean upon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, Onsung County, North People’s Air Force’s Sŭngam-ni Air Base, Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. out their families. …North Korean defector XXX 25 kwan-li-so in Chongjin. located 18 kilometers south-southwest. [sic] testified, “Military personnel are sent off to Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human Rights This is a training base, and based on 3 Bermudez Jr., Joseph S., Dinville, Andy and Eley, the Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] if in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute for its mission, organization, and location, Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to D.C.: The Committee for Human Rights in North Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] is for http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. Korea [HRNK], 2015) available at https://www.hrnk. those serving terms of 10 years or longer, but Camp No. 25. org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full- they can return to society once they complete 5 “After the Korean War, it was used as a detention res_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf and Bermudez Jr., Joseph these terms.” It was also testified that the facility for South Korean POWs (Prisoners of 6 HRNK anticipates that we will be able to further S. Imagery Analysis: North Korea’s Camp No. 15, No. 25 kwan-li-so housed senior staff at the War).” Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human refine the date of the camps establishment in Update, (Washington,General D.C.: HRNK, view 2014) available of the of the Provincialprison Party, as theseen head ofin a localan MPSimage office, collectedRights in on North December Korea 2015 (Seoul: 31, Korea 2010. Institute future updates. Referenced imagery includes: at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20 and other high-ranking officials. North Korean for National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at KH-4B imagery dated May 28, 1970 and KH-9 Update%20Good.pdf. defector XXX [sic] testified that the father of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976.

CopyrightCOPYRIGHT © ©ALLSOURCE 2020 by ANALYSIS, the Committee INC. 2016 for Human Rights in North Korea Copyright © 2020 by DigitalGlobe, NextView License 223 H R CH’OMA-BONGKYO-HWA-SOCAMP RESTRICTED ATNO. KAECH’ŎN 25 AREA H R N K N K Figure 13 North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp No. 25 - Update 2

analysis also supports escapee and other Prisons Bureau of the State Security located on the south bank of the Sol- square yards) and was expanded slightly reports indicating that Camp No. 25’s Department (SSD), which is under the gol-ch’ŏn (i.e., Solgol stream) across from by January 27, 1976, when it measured primary economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters light industry and agriculture. Despite Specifically, it is under the control of the foot and two road bridges connect it. (765 yards by 344 yards) and encom- extensive satellite imagery coverage SSD's North Hamgyong Provincial passed 15.30 hectares (181,987 square The date of establishment of Camp No. 6 of the camp, AllSource is presently Bureau and is located approximately 25 is unclear. One report indicates that yards) (Figure 1, Figure 2). unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- the camp was used as a prisoner-of-war High-resolution satellite imagery from open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, camp housing South Korean soldiers at January 18, 2003, through September prisoner population of 5,000 people. Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is the end of the Korean War.5 This, how- 21, 2015, indicates that the camp has As with the analytical caution presented ever, remains to be verified as it may not expanded during this period and that its in previous reports (such as North 4 It is interesting to note that although the escapee be referring to the present day camp but primary economic activities are centered Korea: Imagery Analysis Camp 16 and descriptions of this facility’s mission matches that rather to an activity in this area. The area on agriculture and light industry (Figure 3 of other kwan-li-so, the physical characteristics ob- North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp served in satellite imagery are more representative in which it is located has been involved through Figure 15). 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony in agricultural activities since at least the Several small villages and military Analysis), it is important to reiterate penitentiaries and prison camps. David Hawk, The 1950s. Satellite imagery does indicate facilities are located in the general area that North Korean officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, 2012, around the camp. The camp is connected those within the Korean People’s Army prior to May 28, 1970, at which time it www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- to the regional electric power grid via and the internal security organizations, lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes occupied an irregular shaped area that overhead high voltage power transmis- clearly understand the importance of Camp No. 25 this way, measured approximately 577 meters by sion cables that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, It is not structured as a village but is a fenced 315 meters (631 yards by 344 yards) and the substation approximately 1 kilometer and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp encompassed 13.76 hectares (164,568 to the southeast. It is connected to the their operations and intentions.3 [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective It would national rail network via the station at be reasonable to assume that they have living arrangements. The No. 25 [kwan-li-so] houses political prisoners only, while those who friend used to perform the duty of turning over Susŏng-dong, 800 meters to the east done so here. committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air arrested while attempting to cross the border Location and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean upon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, Onsung County, North People’s Air Force’s Sŭngam-ni Air Base, Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. out their families. …North Korean defector XXX 25 kwan-li-so in Chongjin. located 18 kilometers south-southwest. [sic] testified, “Military personnel are sent off to Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human Rights This is a training base, and based on 3 Bermudez Jr., Joseph S., Dinville, Andy and Eley, the Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] if in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute for its mission, organization, and location, Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to D.C.: The Committee for Human Rights in North Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] is for http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. Korea [HRNK], 2015) available at https://www.hrnk. those serving terms of 10 years or longer, but Camp No. 25. org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full- they can return to society once they complete 5 “After the Korean War, it was used as a detention res_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf and Bermudez Jr., Joseph these terms.” It was also testified that the facility for South Korean POWs (Prisoners of 6 HRNK anticipates that we will be able to further S. Imagery Analysis:Detailed North Korea’s view Camp No. of 15, the prisonNo. showing 25 kwan-li-so that,housed seniorwith staff the at theexception War).” of Do the Kyung-Ok new et entrance, al., White Paper ononly Human minor changesrefine the date had of the camps establishment in Update, (Washington, D.C.: HRNK, 2014) available Provincial Party, the head of a local MPS office, Rights in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute future updates. Referenced imagery includes: at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20occurred during the previousand other eight high-ranking years, officials. December North Korean 31, 2010.for National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at KH-4B imagery dated May 28, 1970 and KH-9 Update%20Good.pdf. defector XXX [sic] testified that the father of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976.

CopyrightCOPYRIGHT © ©ALLSOURCE 2020 by ANALYSIS, the Committee INC. 2016 for Human Rights in North Korea Copyright © 2020 by DigitalGlobe, NextView License 233 H R CH’OMA-BONGKYO-HWA-SOCAMP RESTRICTED ATNO. KAECH’ŎN 25 AREA H R N K N K North Korea: ImageryNORTH KOREA’SAnalysis LONG-TERMof Camp No. 25 - Update 2 PRISON-LABOR FACILITY (KYO-HWA-SO) AT KAECH’ŎN

Oneanalysis of thealso moresupports recent escapee images and other mentsPrisons are Bureau typical of the of State what Security would be circularlocated onstructure the south of bank unknown of the Sol pur- - imagesquare shows yards) and that was construction expanded slightly of ofreports Kyo-hwa-so indicating that No. Camp 1, Kaech’ŏn No. 25’s expectedDepartment at (SSD) such, which a small is under prison the posegol-ch’ŏn east (i.e., of Solgolthe village. stream) across from theby walledJanuary 27,compound 1976, when eastit measured of the primary economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters waslight industrycollected and on agriculture. April 1, Despite2019. As facilitySpecifically, and it provide is under theno controlsignificant of the foot and two road bridges connect it. main(765 yardsprison by had344 yards) been and completed encom- withextensive the 2010satellite image, imagery only coverage minor insightsSSD's North into Hamgyong any changes Provincial in pop- Sometime between 2013 and 2014 andpassed that 15.30 it was hectares now (181,987divided square into The date of establishment of Camp No. 6 changesof the camp, were AllSource observed is presently during ulationBureau andsize is orlocated missions. approximately a25 second is unclear. smaller One report walled indicates com that- twoyards) distinct (Figure parts. 1, Figure 2). unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- the intervening nine years. Among poundthe camp was was built used eastas a prisoner-of-war of the main High-resolution satellite imagery from open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, these were minor construction Outside the camp, the housing prisoncamp housing and on South the eastKorean side soldiers of the at January 18, 2003, through September prisoner population of 5,000 people. Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is near the prison entrance and a area was expanded during 2014– existingthe end of walled the Korean compound. War.5 This, Thishow- 21, 2015, indicates that the camp has buildingAs with the that analytical was expanded caution presented during 2017 with the addition of two large newever, compound remains to be also verified had astwo it mayguard not expanded during this period and that its in previous reports (such as North 4 It is interesting to note that although the escapee be referring to the present day camp but primary economic activities are centered 2015Korea: in Imagery the labor Analysis training Camp 16camp and two-descriptions or three-story of this facility’s office-type mission matches that towersrather to on an theactivity southwest in this area. and The area on agriculture and light industry (Figure 3 of other kwan-li-so, the physical characteristics ob- facility.North Korea: Once Imagery again, Analysis these developof Camp - buildingsserved in satellite and imagery an 11-meter-wide are more representative northeastin which it iscorners. located has The been April involved 1, 2019 through Figure 15). 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony in agricultural activities since at least the Several small villages and military Analysis), it is important to reiterate penitentiaries and prison camps. David Hawk, The 1950s. Satellite imagery does indicate facilities are located in the general area that North Korean officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, 2012, around the camp. The camp is connected those within the Korean People’s Army prior to May 28, 1970, at which time it www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- to the regional electric power grid via and the internal security organizations, lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes occupied an irregular shaped area that overhead high voltage power transmis- clearly understand the importance of Camp No. 25 this way, measured approximately 577 meters by sion cables that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, It is not structured as a village but is a fenced 315 meters (631 yards by 344 yards) and the substation approximately 1 kilometer and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp encompassed 13.76 hectares (164,568 to the southeast. It is connected to the their operations and intentions.3 [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective It would national rail network via the station at be reasonable to assume that they have living arrangements. The No. 25 [kwan-li-so] houses political prisoners only, while those who friend used to perform the duty of turning over Susŏng-dong, 800 meters to the east done so here. committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air arrested while attempting to cross the border Location and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean upon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, Onsung County, North People’s Air Force’s Sŭngam-ni Air Base, Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. out their families. …North Korean defector XXX 25 kwan-li-so in Chongjin. located 18 kilometers south-southwest. [sic] testified, “Military personnel are sent off to Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human Rights This is a training base, and based on 3 Bermudez Jr., Joseph S., Dinville, Andy and Eley, the Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] if in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute for its mission, organization, and location, Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to D.C.: The Committee for Human Rights in North Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] is for http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. Korea [HRNK], 2015) available at https://www.hrnk. those serving terms of 10 years or longer, but Camp No. 25. org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full- they can return to society once they complete 5 “After the Korean War, it was used as a detention res_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf and Bermudez Jr., Joseph these terms.” It was also testified that the facility for South Korean POWs (Prisoners of 6 HRNK anticipates that we will be able to further S. Imagery Analysis: North Korea’s Camp No. 15, No. 25 kwan-li-so housed senior staff at the War).” Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human refine the date of the camps establishment in Update, (Washington, D.C.: HRNK, 2014) available Provincial Party, the head of a local MPS office, Rights in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute future updates. Referenced imagery includes: at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20 and other high-ranking officials. North Korean for National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at KH-4B imagery dated May 28, 1970 and KH-9 Update%20Good.pdf. defector XXX [sic] testified that the father of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976.

CopyrightCOPYRIGHT © ©ALLSOURCE 2020 by ANALYSIS, the Committee INC. 2016 for Human Rights in North Korea 243 H R CH’OMA-BONGKYO-HWA-SOCAMP RESTRICTED ATNO. KAECH’ŎN 25 AREA H R N K N K Figure 14 North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp No. 25 - Update 2

analysis also supports escapee and other Prisons Bureau of the State Security located on the south bank of the Sol- square yards) and was expanded slightly reports indicating that Camp No. 25’s Department (SSD), which is under the gol-ch’ŏn (i.e., Solgol stream) across from by January 27, 1976, when it measured primary economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters light industry and agriculture. Despite Specifically, it is under the control of the foot and two road bridges connect it. (765 yards by 344 yards) and encom- extensive satellite imagery coverage SSD's North Hamgyong Provincial passed 15.30 hectares (181,987 square The date of establishment of Camp No. 6 of the camp, AllSource is presently Bureau and is located approximately 25 is unclear. One report indicates that yards) (Figure 1, Figure 2). unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- the camp was used as a prisoner-of-war High-resolution satellite imagery from open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, camp housing South Korean soldiers at January 18, 2003, through September prisoner population of 5,000 people. Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is the end of the Korean War.5 This, how- 21, 2015, indicates that the camp has As with the analytical caution presented ever, remains to be verified as it may not expanded during this period and that its in previous reports (such as North 4 It is interesting to note that although the escapee be referring to the present day camp but primary economic activities are centered Korea: Imagery Analysis Camp 16 and descriptions of this facility’s mission matches that rather to an activity in this area. The area on agriculture and light industry (Figure 3 of other kwan-li-so, the physical characteristics ob- North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp served in satellite imagery are more representative in which it is located has been involved through Figure 15). 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony in agricultural activities since at least the Several small villages and military Analysis), it is important to reiterate penitentiaries and prison camps. David Hawk, The 1950s. Satellite imagery does indicate facilities are located in the general area that North Korean officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, 2012, around the camp. The camp is connected those within the Korean People’s Army prior to May 28, 1970, at which time it www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- to the regional electric power grid via and the internal security organizations, lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes occupied an irregular shaped area that overhead high voltage power transmis- clearly understand the importance of Camp No. 25 this way, measured approximately 577 meters by sion cables that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, It is not structured as a village but is a fenced 315 meters (631 yards by 344 yards) and the substation approximately 1 kilometer and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp encompassed 13.76 hectares (164,568 to the southeast. It is connected to the their operations and intentions.3 [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective It would national rail network via the station at be reasonable to assume that they have living arrangements. The No. 25 [kwan-li-so] houses political prisoners only, while those who friend used to perform the duty of turning over Susŏng-dong, 800 meters to the east done so here. committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air arrested while attempting to cross the border Location and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean upon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, Onsung County, North People’s Air Force’s Sŭngam-ni Air Base, Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. out their families. …North Korean defector XXX 25 kwan-li-so in Chongjin. located 18 kilometers south-southwest. [sic] testified, “Military personnel are sent off to Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human Rights This is a training base, and based on 3 Bermudez Jr., Joseph S., Dinville, Andy and Eley, the Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] if in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute for its mission, organization, and location, Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to D.C.: The Committee for Human Rights in North Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] is for http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. Korea [HRNK], 2015) available at https://www.hrnk. those serving terms of 10 years or longer, but Camp No. 25. org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full- they can return to society once they complete 5 “After the Korean War, it was used as a detention res_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf and Bermudez Jr., Joseph these terms.” It was also testified that the facility for South Korean POWs (Prisoners of 6 HRNK anticipates that we will be able to further S. Imagery Analysis: North Korea’s Camp No. 15, No. 25 kwan-li-so housed senior staff at the War).” Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human refine the date of the camps establishment in Update, (Washington,An D.C.: overview HRNK, 2014) availableof Kyo-hwa-so Provincial No. Party,1 from the head April of a local1, 2019. MPS office, Rights in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute future updates. Referenced imagery includes: at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20 and other high-ranking officials. North Korean for National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at KH-4B imagery dated May 28, 1970 and KH-9 Update%20Good.pdf. defector XXX [sic] testified that the father of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976.

CopyrightCOPYRIGHT © ©ALLSOURCE 2020 by ANALYSIS, the Committee INC. 2016 for Human Rights in North Korea Copyright © 2020 by DigitalGlobe, NextView License 253 H R CH’OMA-BONGKYO-HWA-SOCAMP RESTRICTED ATNO. KAECH’ŎN 25 AREA H R N K N K Figure 15 North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp No. 25 - Update 2

analysis also supports escapee and other Prisons Bureau of the State Security located on the south bank of the Sol- square yards) and was expanded slightly reports indicating that Camp No. 25’s Department (SSD), which is under the gol-ch’ŏn (i.e., Solgol stream) across from by January 27, 1976, when it measured primary economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters light industry and agriculture. Despite Specifically, it is under the control of the foot and two road bridges connect it. (765 yards by 344 yards) and encom- extensive satellite imagery coverage SSD's North Hamgyong Provincial passed 15.30 hectares (181,987 square The date of establishment of Camp No. 6 of the camp, AllSource is presently Bureau and is located approximately 25 is unclear. One report indicates that yards) (Figure 1, Figure 2). unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- the camp was used as a prisoner-of-war High-resolution satellite imagery from open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, camp housing South Korean soldiers at January 18, 2003, through September prisoner population of 5,000 people. Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is the end of the Korean War.5 This, how- 21, 2015, indicates that the camp has As with the analytical caution presented ever, remains to be verified as it may not expanded during this period and that its in previous reports (such as North 4 It is interesting to note that although the escapee be referring to the present day camp but primary economic activities are centered Korea: Imagery Analysis Camp 16 and descriptions of this facility’s mission matches that rather to an activity in this area. The area on agriculture and light industry (Figure 3 of other kwan-li-so, the physical characteristics ob- North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp served in satellite imagery are more representative in which it is located has been involved through Figure 15). 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony in agricultural activities since at least the Several small villages and military Analysis), it is important to reiterate penitentiaries and prison camps. David Hawk, The 1950s. Satellite imagery does indicate facilities are located in the general area that North Korean officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, 2012, around the camp. The camp is connected those within the Korean People’s Army prior to May 28, 1970, at which time it www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- to the regional electric power grid via and the internal security organizations, lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes occupied an irregular shaped area that overhead high voltage power transmis- clearly understand the importance of Camp No. 25 this way, measured approximately 577 meters by sion cables that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, It is not structured as a village but is a fenced 315 meters (631 yards by 344 yards) and the substation approximately 1 kilometer and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp encompassed 13.76 hectares (164,568 to the southeast. It is connected to the their operations and intentions.3 [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective It would national rail network via the station at be reasonable to assume that they have living arrangements. The No. 25 [kwan-li-so] houses political prisoners only, while those who friend used to perform the duty of turning over Susŏng-dong, 800 meters to the east done so here. committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air arrested while attempting to cross the border Location and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean upon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, Onsung County, North People’s Air Force’s Sŭngam-ni Air Base, Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. out their families. …North Korean defector XXX 25 kwan-li-so in Chongjin. located 18 kilometers south-southwest. [sic] testified, “Military personnel are sent off to Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human Rights This is a training base, and based on 3 Bermudez Jr., Joseph S., Dinville, Andy and Eley, the Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] if in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute for its mission, organization, and location, Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to D.C.: The Committee for Human Rights in North Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] is for http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. Korea [HRNK], 2015) available at https://www.hrnk. those serving terms of 10 years or longer, but Camp No. 25. org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full- they can return to society once they complete 5 “After the Korean War, it was used as a detention res_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf and Bermudez Jr., Joseph these terms.” It was also testified that the facility for South Korean POWs (Prisoners of 6 HRNK anticipates that we will be able to further S. Imagery Analysis: North Korea’s Camp No. 15, No. 25 kwan-li-so housed senior staff at the War).” Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human refine the date of the camps establishment in Update, (Washington,General D.C.: HRNK, view 2014) available of Kyo-hwa-so Provincial No. Party, 1 as the seen head of ain local an MPS image office, collectedRights in Northon AprilKorea 2015 1, 2019.(Seoul: Korea Institute future updates. Referenced imagery includes: at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20 and other high-ranking officials. North Korean for National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at KH-4B imagery dated May 28, 1970 and KH-9 Update%20Good.pdf. defector XXX [sic] testified that the father of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976.

CopyrightCOPYRIGHT © ©ALLSOURCE 2020 by ANALYSIS, the Committee INC. 2016 for Human Rights in North Korea Copyright © 2020 by DigitalGlobe, NextView License 263 H R CH’OMA-BONGKYO-HWA-SOCAMP RESTRICTED ATNO. KAECH’ŎN 25 AREA H R N K N K Figure 16 North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp No. 25 - Update 2

analysis also supports escapee and other Prisons Bureau of the State Security located on the south bank of the Sol- square yards) and was expanded slightly reports indicating that Camp No. 25’s Department (SSD), which is under the gol-ch’ŏn (i.e., Solgol stream) across from by January 27, 1976, when it measured primary economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters light industry and agriculture. Despite Specifically, it is under the control of the foot and two road bridges connect it. (765 yards by 344 yards) and encom- extensive satellite imagery coverage SSD's North Hamgyong Provincial passed 15.30 hectares (181,987 square The date of establishment of Camp No. 6 of the camp, AllSource is presently Bureau and is located approximately 25 is unclear. One report indicates that yards) (Figure 1, Figure 2). unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- the camp was used as a prisoner-of-war High-resolution satellite imagery from open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, camp housing South Korean soldiers at January 18, 2003, through September prisoner population of 5,000 people. Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is the end of the Korean War.5 This, how- 21, 2015, indicates that the camp has As with the analytical caution presented ever, remains to be verified as it may not expanded during this period and that its in previous reports (such as North 4 It is interesting to note that although the escapee be referring to the present day camp but primary economic activities are centered Korea: Imagery Analysis Camp 16 and descriptions of this facility’s mission matches that rather to an activity in this area. The area on agriculture and light industry (Figure 3 of other kwan-li-so, the physical characteristics ob- North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp served in satellite imagery are more representative in which it is located has been involved through Figure 15). 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony in agricultural activities since at least the Several small villages and military Analysis), it is important to reiterate penitentiaries and prison camps. David Hawk, The 1950s. Satellite imagery does indicate facilities are located in the general area that North Korean officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, 2012, around the camp. The camp is connected those within the Korean People’s Army prior to May 28, 1970, at which time it www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- to the regional electric power grid via and the internal security organizations, lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes occupied an irregular shaped area that overhead high voltage power transmis- clearly understand the importance of Camp No. 25 this way, measured approximately 577 meters by sion cables that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, It is not structured as a village but is a fenced 315 meters (631 yards by 344 yards) and the substation approximately 1 kilometer and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp encompassed 13.76 hectares (164,568 to the southeast. It is connected to the their operations and intentions.3 [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective It would national rail network via the station at be reasonable to assume that they have living arrangements. The No. 25 [kwan-li-so] houses political prisoners only, while those who friend used to perform the duty of turning over Susŏng-dong, 800 meters to the east done so here. committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air arrested while attempting to cross the border Location and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean upon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, Onsung County, North People’s Air Force’s Sŭngam-ni Air Base, Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. out their families. …North Korean defector XXX 25 kwan-li-so in Chongjin. located 18 kilometers south-southwest. [sic] testified, “Military personnel are sent off to Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human Rights This is a training base, and based on 3 Bermudez Jr., Joseph S., Dinville, Andy and Eley, the Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] if in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute for its mission, organization, and location, Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to D.C.: The Committee for Human Rights in North Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] is for http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. Korea [HRNK], 2015) available at https://www.hrnk. those serving terms of 10 years or longer, but Camp No. 25. org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full- they can return to society once they complete 5 “After the Korean War, it was used as a detention res_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf and Bermudez Jr., Joseph these terms.” It was also testified that the facility for South Korean POWs (Prisoners of 6 HRNK anticipates that we will be able to further S. Imagery Analysis: North Korea’s Camp No. 15, No. 25 kwan-li-so housed senior staff at the War).” Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human refine the date of the camps establishment in Update, (Washington,Detailed D.C.: HRNK, 2014)view available of Kyo-hwa-so Provincial No. Party, 1 showing the head of a localthe MPS prison office, as ofRights April in North 1, 2019. Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute future updates. Referenced imagery includes: at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20 and other high-ranking officials. North Korean for National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at KH-4B imagery dated May 28, 1970 and KH-9 Update%20Good.pdf. defector XXX [sic] testified that the father of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976.

CopyrightCOPYRIGHT © ©ALLSOURCE 2020 by ANALYSIS, the Committee INC. 2016 for Human Rights in North Korea Copyright © 2020 by DigitalGlobe, NextView License 273 H R CH’OMA-BONGKYO-HWA-SOCAMP RESTRICTED ATNO. KAECH’ŎN 25 AREA H R N K N K North Korea: ImageryNORTH KOREA’SAnalysis LONG-TERMof Camp No. 25 - Update 2 PRISON-LABOR FACILITY (KYO-HWA-SO) AT KAECH’ŎN

Imageryanalysis also Analysis supports22 escapee and other countryside,Prisons Bureau but of the also State segment Security it islocated partially on the supplemented south bank of the by Sol what- proximatelysquare yards) 1,195-meter-long and was expanded (1,306slightly reports indicating that Camp No. 25’s internally.Department Neither (SSD), which the is external under the appearsgol-ch’ŏn to(i.e., be Solgol an internalstream) across (pre -from yards)by January high 27, trapezoidal 1976, when itwall measured en- primary economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters Basedlight industry upon and limited agriculture. publicly Despite avail - perimeterSpecifically, of it isthe under camp the norcontrol the of inthe- sumablyfoot and two barbed-wire) road bridges connectfence setit. compassing(765 yards by 78,940344 yards) square and encom meters- ableextensive information, satellite imagery former coverage prisoner teriorSSD's infrastructureNorth Hamgyong have Provincial changed approximately 3.5 meters inside (94,411passed square 15.30 hectares yards), (181,987 with five square The date of establishment of Camp No. 6 testimony,of the camp, AllSourceand high-resolution is presently significantlyBureau and is located since approximately2010. the25 iswall. unclear. One report indicates that guardyards) towers (Figure 1,and Figure three 2). entrances. unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- satellite imagery, Kyo-hwa-so No. the camp was used as a prisoner-of-war High-resolution satellite imagery from open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, 1, Kaech’ŏn and its immediate sur- The external perimeter, which sur- Allcamp walls housing and Southentrances Korean appear soldiers toat TheJanuary prisoner 18, 2003, housing through and September work- prisoner population of 5,000 people. Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is roundings can be separated into rounds the main prison, headquar- bethe well end maintainedof the Korean War.and5 This,in good how- shop21, 2015, area indicates occupies that the the camp northern has theAs withfollowing the analytical physical caution features: presented ters, administration and barracks repair.ever, remains The guard to be verified towers as are it wellmay not cornerexpanded of theduring prison this period and andconsists that its in previous reports (such as North 4 It is interesting to note that although the escapee be referring to the present day camp but primary economic activities are centered descriptions of this facility’s mission matches that of two attached three-story build- Korea: Imagery Analysis Camp 16 and area and labor training camp (with positionedrather to an activityto provide in this overlapping area. The area on agriculture and light industry (Figure 3 of other kwan-li-so, the physical characteristics ob- ings, four large two- or three-story North» SecurityKorea: Imagery perimeters Analysis (internalof Camp a formerserved in satellite underground imagery are more political representative fields-of-viewin which it is located of the has beencamp involved and through Figure 15). 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony workshops arranged in a square and external), entrance and prison) is approximately 1,590 appearin agricultural to be activities well maintained since at least and the Several small villages and military Analysis), it is important to reiterate penitentiaries and prison camps. David Hawk, The guard positions meters long (1,740 yards long) in1950s. good Satellite repair. imagery does indicate atfacilities the center are located of the in theprison, general and area that North Korean officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established » Main prison andCommittee encompasses for Human Rights approximately in North Korea, 2012, approximatelyaround the camp. a The dozen camp support is connected those within the Korean People’s Army prior to May 28, 1970, at which time it www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- Main Prison buildingsto the regional and electric sheds power of unknown grid via and» the Headquarters, internal security administraorganizations,- 107,190 square meters (128,199 lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes occupied an irregular shaped area that overhead high voltage power transmis- clearlytion, understand barracks, the importance housing ofand squareCamp No. yards). 25 this way, There is a total of purposes. Former prisoner testi- measured approximately 577 meters by sion cables that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, mony indicates that the male and support facilities eight It entrancesis not structured to as athe village facility—two but is a fenced There315 meters are two(631 yardsseparate by 344 prison yards) and the substation approximately 1 kilometer and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp » Labor training camp (with a main and three internal entrances compoundsencompassed at 13.76 Kyo-hwa-so hectares (164,568 No. femaleto the southeast. prisoners It isare connected housed to in the the their operations and intentions.3 [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective former underground political It would for Kyo-hwa-so No. 1, and one 1—the main prison and the labor samenational housing rail network structures via the station with theat be reasonable to assume that they have living arrangements. The No. 25 [kwan-li-so] prison camp) mainhouses and political two undergroundprisoners only, while thoseen- who trainingfriend camp. used to perform the duty of turning over “…firstSusŏng-dong, floor 800[used] meters for to[the] the east kitch - done so here. committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air » Walled compounds trances for the labor training camp arrested while attempting to cross the border en and storage, the second floor Location and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean upon completion of their term as terms are The mainat the river prison in Namyang, is itself Onsung composed County, North for the female inmates, and the (with a former underground polit- People’s Air Force’s Sŭngam-ni Air Base, Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- of threeHamgyoung functional Province. Heareas ended upthat at the are No. 23 Security Perimeter, Entrances, and ical prison).out their families. …North Korean defector XXX 25 kwan-li-so in Chongjin. thirdlocated floor 18 kilometers for the malesouth-southwest. inmates.” Guard Positions [sic] testified, “Military personnel are sent off to separated Do Kyung-Ok by et al., internal White Paper walls on Human and Rights Reportedly,This is a training “individuals base, and based sen- on 3 Bermudez Jr., Joseph S., Dinville, Andy and Eley, A totalthe Susongof seven kyo-hwa-so guard [No. towers25 kwan-li-so are] if entrances—prisonerin North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea housing Institute forand tencedits mission, to imprisonment organization, and forlocation, life Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to TheD.C.: prison’s The Committee security for Human perimeter Rights in North distributedSusong kyo-hwa-so atop the [No. walls—five25 kwan-li-so] is for workshops;http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp light industry, support,. were held in separate buildings consistsKorea [HRNK], of a2015) combination available at https://www.hrnk. of walls, aroundthose the serving main terms prisonof 10 years and or longer, two but and vehicle maintenance; and underCamp fullNo. 25.control of their access, org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full- they can return to society once they complete 5 “After the Korean War, it was used as a detention entrances,res_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf and guard and Bermudez towers. Jr., Joseph at thethese labor terms.” training It was also testifiedcamp. that Aside the workshop,facility for South warehouse, Korean POWs (Prisoners and stor of - living6 HRNK in anticipates a cell with that we around will be able seventy to further TheseS. Imagery not Analysis: only North separate Korea’s Camp Kyo- No. 15, fromNo. the 25 kwan-li-sowall’s height housed senior and staff the at the age.War).” Taken Do Kyung-Ok together, et al., White these Paper onthree Human inmates.”refine the24 date Within of the camps the establishmentfour central in Update, (Washington, D.C.: HRNK, 2014) available Provincial Party, the head of a local MPS office, Rights in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute future updates. Referenced imagery includes: hwa-soat http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20 No. 1 from the surrounding guardand towers, other high-ranking the main officials. prison North Koreanwall sectionsfor National are Unification, surrounded 2015), p. 122, by available an ap at - buildingsKH-4B imagery there dated are May workshops 28, 1970 and KH-9 Update%20Good.pdf. defector XXX [sic] testified that the father of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976.

CopyrightCOPYRIGHT © ©ALLSOURCE 2020 by ANALYSIS, the Committee INC. 2016 for Human Rights in North Korea 283 H R CH’OMA-BONGKYO-HWA-SOCAMP RESTRICTED ATNO. KAECH’ŎN 25 AREA H R N K N K North Korea: ImageryNORTH KOREA’SAnalysis LONG-TERMof Camp No. 25 - Update 2 PRISON-LABOR FACILITY (KYO-HWA-SO) AT KAECH’ŎN foranalysis shoe also manufacturing supports escapee (units and other ThePrisons light Bureau industry, of the support, State Security and ve- malnutritionlocated on the andsouth 10% bank of of variousthe Sol- andsquare a single yards) andinternal was expanded entrance. slightly #1reports and indicating #2), cutting, that Camp design, No. 25’s and hicleDepartment maintenance (SSD), which area is underoccupies the illnesses.gol-ch’ŏn (i.e.,30 Other Solgol stream)reports across state from Thisby January area consists 27, 1976, when of eleven it measured one-, primary economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters 25 others.light industry This and area agriculture. is separated Despite theSpecifically, eastern it corneris under ofthe the control prison of the thatfoot “On and twoaverage, road bridges 2 to 3connect prisoners it. two-,(765 andyards three-story by 344 yards) buildings, and encom- a from the light industry, support, and consists of approximately 30 died every day from tuberculosis monument, and the two main en- extensive satellite imagery coverage SSD's North Hamgyong Provincial The date of establishment of Camp No. passed 15.30 hectares (181,987 square 31 6 andof the vehicle camp, AllSource maintenance is presently area by single-Bureau andor two-story is located approximately structures, and25 isundernourishment.” unclear. One report indicates This that is a trancesyards) (Figure to the 1, Figurefacility. 2). When the unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of29 Ch’ŏng- a wall and entrance. sheds, and greenhouses. Satel- highthe camp rate wasof mortality used as a andprisoner-of-war requires entranceHigh-resolution to the satellite camp imagery was rebuilt from open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, lite imagery and former prisoner furthercamp housing verification. South Korean soldiers at aroundJanuary 2007–2008,18, 2003, through two September build- prisoner population of 5,000 people. Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is Former prisoners indicate that testimony indicate that within the end of the Korean War.5 This, how- ings21, 2015, were indicates replaced that theby campa smaller has maleAs with and the femaleanalytical prisoners caution presented are these structures are a woodwork- Theever, workshop, remains to be warehouse, verified as it andmay not building,expanded a during second this periodentrance and that was its in previous reports (such as North 4 It is interesting to note that although the escapee be referring to the present day camp but primary economic activities are centered assignedKorea: Imagery separate Analysis work, Camp with 16 and ingdescriptions shop, a of cabinetthis facility’s manufacmission matches- that storagerather to areaan activity occupies in this thearea. south The area- added,on agriculture and the and existing light industry building, (Figure 3 of other kwan-li-so, the physical characteristics ob- femaleNorth Korea: facilities Imagery reportedly Analysis of Campbeing turingserved workshop,in satellite imagery supply are more representativerooms, ernin which corner it is of located the prison has been and involved nowthrough located Figure between 15). the two 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony sub-divided into separate areas a medical clinic identified as a consistsin agricultural of approximately activities since at least20 the entrances,Several small was villages designated and military as a Analysis), it is important to reiterate penitentiaries and prison camps. David Hawk, The 33 for those sentenced to “indefinite “hospital,” a vehicle maintenance single-1950s. Satellite or two-story imagery structures.does indicate “familyfacilities visitation are located building.”in the general area that North Korean officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established correctional labor and those sen- shed,Committee livestock for Human pens Rights infor North rabbits Korea, 2012, Satellite imagery and escapee around the camp. The camp is connected those within the Korean People’s Army prior to May 28, 1970, at which time it www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- to the regional electric power grid via tencedand the internalto finite-term security organizations, correctional andlag2_Web_5-18.pdf goats, and. Another two greenhouses. sources describes testimonyoccupied an indicate irregular shaped that within area that In general, the prison’s various 26 overhead high voltage power transmis- labor.”clearly understand Work assigned the importance to female of TheCamp latter No. 25 structures this way, are used to these structures are leather and functional areas appear to be op- measured approximately 577 meters by sion cables that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, prisoners typically consists of agri- provide It is not prison structured officials as a village but with is a fenced fresh rubber315 meters workshops, (631 yards bya warehouse,344 yards) and erationalthe substation and approximatelywell maintained 1 kilometer by and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp culture, animal husbandry, knitting, meat and produce. In addition to storageencompassed buildings, 13.76 hectares and a repair(164,568 Northto the Koreansoutheast. standards. It is connected to the 3 [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective their operations and intentions. It would 32 vegetable farming, fruit trees, and maintainingliving arrangements. these The agricultural No. 25 [kwan-li-so ac] - shop. This area is separated national rail network via the station at be reasonable to assume that they have plowing. Work assigned to male tivitieshouses within political the prisoners prison, only, while prison those -who from friendthe usedprevious to perform two the duty areas of turning by overa LaborSusŏ ng-dong,Training 800 Camp meters (with to the a east done so here. committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air prisoners typically consists of ers are reported to be tasked with wall andarrested entrance. while attempting to cross the border former underground political Location and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean upon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, Onsung County, North 34 working in the “covering unit” that working the surrounding cultivated prisonPeople’s camp) Air Force’s Sŭngam-ni Air Base, Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. manufactures shoes, belts, pistol fieldsout theirand families. orchards. …North Korean The defectornoted XXX Located25 kwan-li-so within in Chongjin.the western and located 18 kilometers south-southwest. holsters, military boots, and ankle “hospital”[sic] testified, is more “Military likely personnel a rudimenare sent off -to northern Do Kyung-Ok sections et al., White of Paper the on Humanprison Rights is LocatedThis is a trainingin the northwestbase, and based corner on boots,3 Bermudez or Jr.,at Joseph a coal S., Dinville, mine Andy nearby.” and Eley,27 tary clinicthe Susong with kyo-hwa-so limited [No. medical 25 kwan-li-so sup] if - thein headquarters,North Korea 2015 (Seoul: administration, Korea Institute for ofits the mission, prison organization, is a separate and location, walled Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to ThisD.C.: “coveringThe Committee unit” for Human likely Rights is in Northrefer - plies,Susong equipment, kyo-hwa-so and [No. 25 capabilities. kwan-li-so] is for andhttp://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp barracks area compound. It .is compound surrounded by a Korea [HRNK], 2015) available at https://www.hrnk. those serving terms of 10 years or longer, but Camp No. 25. ringorg/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full to what other prisoners identi- - Formerthey canprisoner return to society testimony once they completeclaims separated5 “After the Korean from War, the it was outside used as a detention by two 227-meter-long (248 yards) wall fy res_FINAL_12_15_15.pdfas the “leather andand Bermudez rubber” Jr., Joseph and that 90%these terms.” of the It was Kyo-hwa-so also testified that theNo. entrancesfacility for South and Korean from POWs the (Prisoners internal of that6 HRNK encompasses anticipates that we approximatelywill be able to further S. Imagery Analysis: North Korea’s Camp No.28 15, No. 25 kwan-li-so housed senior staff at the War).” Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human 3,160refine square the date metersof the camps (3,780 establishment square in “shoe[-]making”Update, (Washington, D.C.: workshops. HRNK, 2014) available 1 prisonersProvincial Party,were the sufferinghead of a local MPS from office, sectionsRights in North of the Korea camp 2015 (Seoul: by Koreawalls Institute future updates. Referenced imagery includes: at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20 and other high-ranking officials. North Korean for National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at KH-4B imagery dated May 28, 1970 and KH-9 Update%20Good.pdf. defector XXX [sic] testified that the father of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976.

CopyrightCOPYRIGHT © ©ALLSOURCE 2020 by ANALYSIS, the Committee INC. 2016 for Human Rights in North Korea 293 H R CH’OMA-BONGKYO-HWA-SOCAMP RESTRICTED ATNO. KAECH’ŎN 25 AREA H R N K N K North Korea: ImageryNORTH KOREA’SAnalysis LONG-TERMof Camp No. 25 - Update 2 PRISON-LABOR FACILITY (KYO-HWA-SO) AT KAECH’ŎN yards)analysis and also hassupports two escapee guard andtowers other approximatelyPrisons Bureau of 80% the State are Security reported extendinglocated on the into south the bank adjacent of the Sol hill- wassquare reportedly yards) and abandoned was expanded some slightly- andreports a single indicating external that Camp entrance. No. 25’s toDepartment have had (SSD) visitors., which is under the massgol-ch’ŏn to the (i.e., Solgolwest. stream)Prior to across 2014, from timeby January between 27, 1976, 2014 when and it 2015measured due primary economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters Thislight industrycompound and agriculture. has been Despite identi - Specifically, it is under the control of the eightfoot and former two road Kim bridges Il-sung connect advisors it. to(765 flooding yards by 344and yards)partial and collapse. encom- fiedextensive in former satellite imageryprisoner coverage testimony FormerSSD's North prisoner Hamgyong testimony Provincial further (“anti-republic prisoners”) were passed 15.30 hectares (181,987 square The date of establishment of Camp No. 6 asof thebeing camp, a MinistryAllSource isof presently People’s indicatesBureau and that is located sometime approximately prior to detained25 is unclear. here, One but report seven indicates died. that Noyards) further (Figure details 1, Figure are 2). available and unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- Security (Bo-an-so) labor training 2014, a small Ministry of State Thethe campremaining was used prisoner as a prisoner-of-war was then allHigh-resolution information satelliteconcerning imagery the from un - open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, camp with approximately 200 Security [formerly State Security transferredcamp housing and South the Korean Ministry soldiers of at dergroundJanuary 18, 2003, political through prison September facility prisoner population of 5,000 people. Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is prisoners.35 The prisoners in the Department] (Bo-wi-bu) under- Statethe end Security of the Korean transferred War.5 This, the how - and21, 2015, labor indicates training that camp the camp requires has campAs with were the analytical allowed caution family presented visits ground political prison camp with facilityever, remains to the to Ministry be verified of as People’s it may not furtherexpanded clarification. during this period and that its in previous reports (such as North 4 It is interesting to note that although the escapee be referring to the present day camp but primary economic activities are centered ofKorea: 30 minutesImagery Analysis every Campmonth 16 andand twodescriptions entrances of this facility’swas locatedmission matches here, that Security.rather to an The activity underground in this area. The facility area on agriculture and light industry (Figure 3 of other kwan-li-so, the physical characteristics ob- North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp served in satellite imagery are more representative in which it is located has been involved through Figure 15). 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony in agricultural activities since at least the Several small villages and military Analysis), it is important to reiterate penitentiaries and prison camps. David Hawk, The 1950s. Satellite imagery does indicate facilities are located in the general area that North Korean officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, 2012, around the camp. The camp is connected those within the Korean People’s Army prior to May 28, 1970, at which time it www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- to the regional electric power grid via and the internal security organizations, lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes occupied an irregular shaped area that overhead high voltage power transmis- clearly understand the importance of Camp No. 25 this way, measured approximately 577 meters by sion cables that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, It is not structured as a village but is a fenced 315 meters (631 yards by 344 yards) and the substation approximately 1 kilometer and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp encompassed 13.76 hectares (164,568 to the southeast. It is connected to the their operations and intentions.3 [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective It would national rail network via the station at be reasonable to assume that they have living arrangements. The No. 25 [kwan-li-so] houses political prisoners only, while those who friend used to perform the duty of turning over Susŏng-dong, 800 meters to the east done so here. committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air arrested while attempting to cross the border Location and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean upon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, Onsung County, North People’s Air Force’s Sŭngam-ni Air Base, Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. out their families. …North Korean defector XXX 25 kwan-li-so in Chongjin. located 18 kilometers south-southwest. [sic] testified, “Military personnel are sent off to Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human Rights This is a training base, and based on 3 Bermudez Jr., Joseph S., Dinville, Andy and Eley, the Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] if in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute for its mission, organization, and location, Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to D.C.: The Committee for Human Rights in North Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] is for http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. Korea [HRNK], 2015) available at https://www.hrnk. those serving terms of 10 years or longer, but Camp No. 25. org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full- they can return to society once they complete 5 “After the Korean War, it was used as a detention res_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf and Bermudez Jr., Joseph these terms.” It was also testified that the facility for South Korean POWs (Prisoners of 6 HRNK anticipates that we will be able to further S. Imagery Analysis: North Korea’s Camp No. 15, No. 25 kwan-li-so housed senior staff at the War).” Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human refine the date of the camps establishment in Update, (Washington, D.C.: HRNK, 2014) available Provincial Party, the head of a local MPS office, Rights in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute future updates. Referenced imagery includes: at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20 and other high-ranking officials. North Korean for National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at KH-4B imagery dated May 28, 1970 and KH-9 Update%20Good.pdf. defector XXX [sic] testified that the father of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976.

CopyrightCOPYRIGHT © ©ALLSOURCE 2020 by ANALYSIS, the Committee INC. 2016 for Human Rights in North Korea 303 H R CH’OMA-BONGKYO-HWA-SOCAMP RESTRICTED ATNO. KAECH’ŎN 25 AREA H R N K N K Figure 17 North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp No. 25 - Update 2

analysis also supports escapee and other Prisons Bureau of the State Security located on the south bank of the Sol- square yards) and was expanded slightly reports indicating that Camp No. 25’s Department (SSD), which is under the gol-ch’ŏn (i.e., Solgol stream) across from by January 27, 1976, when it measured primary economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters light industry and agriculture. Despite Specifically, it is under the control of the foot and two road bridges connect it. (765 yards by 344 yards) and encom- extensive satellite imagery coverage SSD's North Hamgyong Provincial passed 15.30 hectares (181,987 square The date of establishment of Camp No. 6 of the camp, AllSource is presently Bureau and is located approximately 25 is unclear. One report indicates that yards) (Figure 1, Figure 2). unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- the camp was used as a prisoner-of-war High-resolution satellite imagery from open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, camp housing South Korean soldiers at January 18, 2003, through September prisoner population of 5,000 people. Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is the end of the Korean War.5 This, how- 21, 2015, indicates that the camp has As with the analytical caution presented ever, remains to be verified as it may not expanded during this period and that its in previous reports (such as North 4 It is interesting to note that although the escapee be referring to the present day camp but primary economic activities are centered Korea: Imagery Analysis Camp 16 and descriptions of this facility’s mission matches that rather to an activity in this area. The area on agriculture and light industry (Figure 3 of other kwan-li-so, the physical characteristics ob- North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp served in satellite imagery are more representative in which it is located has been involved through Figure 15). 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony in agricultural activities since at least the Several small villages and military Analysis), it is important to reiterate penitentiaries and prison camps. David Hawk, The 1950s. Satellite imagery does indicate facilities are located in the general area that North Korean officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, 2012, around the camp. The camp is connected those within the Korean People’s Army prior to May 28, 1970, at which time it www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- to the regional electric power grid via and the internal security organizations, lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes occupied an irregular shaped area that overhead high voltage power transmis- clearly understand the importance of Camp No. 25 this way, measured approximately 577 meters by sion cables that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, It is not structured as a village but is a fenced 315 meters (631 yards by 344 yards) and the substation approximately 1 kilometer and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp encompassed 13.76 hectares (164,568 to the southeast. It is connected to the their operations and intentions.3 [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective It would national rail network via the station at be reasonable to assume that they have living arrangements. The No. 25 [kwan-li-so] houses political prisoners only, while those who friend used to perform the duty of turning over Susŏng-dong, 800 meters to the east done so here. committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air arrested while attempting to cross the border Location and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean upon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, Onsung County, North People’s Air Force’s Sŭngam-ni Air Base, Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. out their families. …North Korean defector XXX 25 kwan-li-so in Chongjin. located 18 kilometers south-southwest. [sic] testified, “Military personnel are sent off to Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human Rights This is a training base, and based on 3 Bermudez Jr., Joseph S., Dinville, Andy and Eley, the Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] if in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute for its mission, organization, and location, Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to D.C.: The Committee for Human Rights in North Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] is for http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. Korea [HRNK], 2015) available at https://www.hrnk. those serving terms of 10 years or longer, but Camp No. 25. org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full- they can return to society once they complete 5 “After the Korean War, it was used as a detention res_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf and Bermudez Jr., Joseph these terms.” It was also testified that the facility for South Korean POWs (Prisoners of 6 HRNK anticipates that we will be able to further S. Imagery Analysis:A North close-up Korea’s Camp of No.the 15, labor trainingNo. 25 kwan-li-so camp housed (with senior a former staff at the undergroundWar).” Do Kyung-Ok political et al., Whiteprison Paper camp)on Human on therefine northwest the date of the camps establishment in Update, (Washington, D.C.: HRNK, 2014) available Provincial Party, the head of a local MPS office, Rights in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute future updates. Referenced imagery includes: at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20corner of Kyo-hwa-so No. and1, April other high-ranking 1, 2019. officials. North Korean for National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at KH-4B imagery dated May 28, 1970 and KH-9 Update%20Good.pdf. defector XXX [sic] testified that the father of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976.

CopyrightCOPYRIGHT © ©ALLSOURCE 2020 by ANALYSIS, the Committee INC. 2016 for Human Rights in North Korea Copyright © 2020 by DigitalGlobe, NextView License 313 H R CH’OMA-BONGKYO-HWA-SOCAMP RESTRICTED ATNO. KAECH’ŎN 25 AREA H R N K N K North Korea: ImageryNORTH KOREA’SAnalysis LONG-TERMof Camp No. 25 - Update 2 PRISON-LABOR FACILITY (KYO-HWA-SO) AT KAECH’ŎN

Walledanalysis Compoundsalso supports escapee and other DecemberPrisons Bureau 5, 2002 of the Statesatellite Security image. dividedlocated oninto the two south distinct bank of partsthe Sol - Assquare of the yards) April and 1, was 2019 expanded image, slightly this reports indicating that Camp No. 25’s ByDepartment the time (SSD) of the, which December is under the 31, andgol-ch’ŏn encompasses (i.e., Solgol stream) approximately across from compoundby January 27, had 1976, two when guard it measured towers primary economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters Therelight industry are two and small agriculture. walled Despite com - 2010Specifically, image, it isthe under compound the control wasof the 10,250foot and square two road meters bridges connect(12,260 it. on(765 the yards southwest by 344 yards) and andnortheast encom- poundsextensive that satellite are imagery located coverage 350 completelySSD's North Hamgyong walled in Provincial and had square yards). cornerspassed 15.30and hectaresencompassed (181,987 square ap- The date of establishment of Camp No. 6 metersof the camp, and AllSource 650 meters is presently east of guardBureau towers and is located on the approximately southwest 25 is unclear. One report indicates that proximatelyyards) (Figure 2,8401, Figure square 2). meters unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- the main prison. Both have guard and northeast corners. Internal Sometimethe camp was between used as a 2013 prisoner-of-war and (3,400High-resolution square satelliteyards). imagery from open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, towers on their southwest and construction, however, did not yet 2014,camp ahousing second South smaller Korean walled soldiers at January 18, 2003, through September prisoner population of 5,000 people. Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is northeast corners. The larger and appear to be complete. An April 1, compoundthe end of the was Korean built War. east5 This, of how the- 21, 2015, indicates that the camp has closerAs with of the the analytical two compounds caution presented was 2019 image shows that construc- mainever, remainsprison andto be onverified the eastas it sidemay not expanded during this period and that its in previous reports (such as North 4 It is interesting to note that although the escapee be referring to the present day camp but primary economic activities are centered underKorea: Imageryearly construction Analysis Camp in 16 the and tiondescriptions has been of this completed. facility’s mission matches It is now that ofrather the existingto an activity walled in this compound. area. The area on agriculture and light industry (Figure 3 of other kwan-li-so, the physical characteristics ob- North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp served in satellite imagery are more representative in which it is located has been involved through Figure 15). 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony in agricultural activities since at least the Several small villages and military Analysis), it is important to reiterate penitentiaries and prison camps. David Hawk, The 1950s. Satellite imagery does indicate facilities are located in the general area that North Korean officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, 2012, around the camp. The camp is connected those within the Korean People’s Army prior to May 28, 1970, at which time it www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- to the regional electric power grid via and the internal security organizations, lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes occupied an irregular shaped area that overhead high voltage power transmis- clearly understand the importance of Camp No. 25 this way, measured approximately 577 meters by sion cables that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, It is not structured as a village but is a fenced 315 meters (631 yards by 344 yards) and the substation approximately 1 kilometer and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp encompassed 13.76 hectares (164,568 to the southeast. It is connected to the their operations and intentions.3 [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective It would national rail network via the station at be reasonable to assume that they have living arrangements. The No. 25 [kwan-li-so] houses political prisoners only, while those who friend used to perform the duty of turning over Susŏng-dong, 800 meters to the east done so here. committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air arrested while attempting to cross the border Location and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean upon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, Onsung County, North People’s Air Force’s Sŭngam-ni Air Base, Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. out their families. …North Korean defector XXX 25 kwan-li-so in Chongjin. located 18 kilometers south-southwest. [sic] testified, “Military personnel are sent off to Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human Rights This is a training base, and based on 3 Bermudez Jr., Joseph S., Dinville, Andy and Eley, the Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] if in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute for its mission, organization, and location, Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to D.C.: The Committee for Human Rights in North Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] is for http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. Korea [HRNK], 2015) available at https://www.hrnk. those serving terms of 10 years or longer, but Camp No. 25. org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full- they can return to society once they complete 5 “After the Korean War, it was used as a detention res_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf and Bermudez Jr., Joseph these terms.” It was also testified that the facility for South Korean POWs (Prisoners of 6 HRNK anticipates that we will be able to further S. Imagery Analysis: North Korea’s Camp No. 15, No. 25 kwan-li-so housed senior staff at the War).” Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human refine the date of the camps establishment in Update, (Washington, D.C.: HRNK, 2014) available Provincial Party, the head of a local MPS office, Rights in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute future updates. Referenced imagery includes: at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20 and other high-ranking officials. North Korean for National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at KH-4B imagery dated May 28, 1970 and KH-9 Update%20Good.pdf. defector XXX [sic] testified that the father of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976.

CopyrightCOPYRIGHT © ©ALLSOURCE 2020 by ANALYSIS, the Committee INC. 2016 for Human Rights in North Korea 323 H R CH’OMA-BONGKYO-HWA-SOCAMP RESTRICTED ATNO. KAECH’ŎN 25 AREA H R N K N K Figure 18 North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp No. 25 - Update 2

analysis also supports escapee and other Prisons Bureau of the State Security located on the south bank of the Sol- square yards) and was expanded slightly reports indicating that Camp No. 25’s Department (SSD), which is under the gol-ch’ŏn (i.e., Solgol stream) across from by January 27, 1976, when it measured primary economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters light industry and agriculture. Despite Specifically, it is under the control of the foot and two road bridges connect it. (765 yards by 344 yards) and encom- extensive satellite imagery coverage SSD's North Hamgyong Provincial passed 15.30 hectares (181,987 square The date of establishment of Camp No. 6 of the camp, AllSource is presently Bureau and is located approximately 25 is unclear. One report indicates that yards) (Figure 1, Figure 2). unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- the camp was used as a prisoner-of-war High-resolution satellite imagery from open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, camp housing South Korean soldiers at January 18, 2003, through September prisoner population of 5,000 people. Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is the end of the Korean War.5 This, how- 21, 2015, indicates that the camp has As with the analytical caution presented ever, remains to be verified as it may not expanded during this period and that its in previous reports (such as North 4 It is interesting to note that although the escapee be referring to the present day camp but primary economic activities are centered Korea: Imagery Analysis Camp 16 and descriptions of this facility’s mission matches that rather to an activity in this area. The area on agriculture and light industry (Figure 3 of other kwan-li-so, the physical characteristics ob- North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp served in satellite imagery are more representative in which it is located has been involved through Figure 15). 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony in agricultural activities since at least the Several small villages and military Analysis), it is important to reiterate penitentiaries and prison camps. David Hawk, The 1950s. Satellite imagery does indicate facilities are located in the general area that North Korean officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, 2012, around the camp. The camp is connected those within the Korean People’s Army prior to May 28, 1970, at which time it www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- to the regional electric power grid via and the internal security organizations, lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes occupied an irregular shaped area that overhead high voltage power transmis- clearly understand the importance of Camp No. 25 this way, measured approximately 577 meters by sion cables that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, It is not structured as a village but is a fenced 315 meters (631 yards by 344 yards) and the substation approximately 1 kilometer and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp encompassed 13.76 hectares (164,568 to the southeast. It is connected to the their operations and intentions.3 [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective It would national rail network via the station at be reasonable to assume that they have living arrangements. The No. 25 [kwan-li-so] houses political prisoners only, while those who friend used to perform the duty of turning over Susŏng-dong, 800 meters to the east done so here. committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air arrested while attempting to cross the border Location and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean upon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, Onsung County, North People’s Air Force’s Sŭngam-ni Air Base, Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. out their families. …North Korean defector XXX 25 kwan-li-so in Chongjin. located 18 kilometers south-southwest. [sic] testified, “Military personnel are sent off to Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human Rights This is a training base, and based on 3 Bermudez Jr., Joseph S., Dinville, Andy and Eley, the Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] if in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute for its mission, organization, and location, Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to D.C.: The Committee for Human Rights in North Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] is for http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. Korea [HRNK], 2015) available at https://www.hrnk. those serving terms of 10 years or longer, but Camp No. 25. org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full- they can return to society once they complete 5 “After the Korean War, it was used as a detention res_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf and Bermudez Jr., Joseph these terms.” It was also testified that the facility for South Korean POWs (Prisoners of 6 HRNK anticipates that we will be able to further S. Imagery Analysis: North Korea’s Camp No. 15, No. 25 kwan-li-so housed senior staff at the War).” Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human refine the date of the camps establishment in Update, (Washington,A D.C.:close-up HRNK, 2014) of available the two walledProvincial compounds Party, the head of east a local ofMPS the office, main prision.Rights in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute future updates. Referenced imagery includes: at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20 and other high-ranking officials. North Korean for National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at KH-4B imagery dated May 28, 1970 and KH-9 Update%20Good.pdf. defector XXX [sic] testified that the father of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976.

CopyrightCOPYRIGHT © ©ALLSOURCE 2020 by ANALYSIS, the Committee INC. 2016 for Human Rights in North Korea Copyright © 2020 by DigitalGlobe, NextView License 333 H R CH’OMA-BONGKYO-HWA-SOCAMP RESTRICTED ATNO. KAECH’ŎN 25 AREA H R N K N K North Korea: ImageryNORTH KOREA’SAnalysis LONG-TERMof Camp No. 25 - Update 2 PRISON-LABOR FACILITY (KYO-HWA-SO) AT KAECH’ŎN

Theanalysis construction also supports of escapee these andtwo other AdditionalPrisons Bureau Activities of the State Security activitylocated onnow the consistssouth bank of of severalthe Sol- areasquare still yards) appears and was active expanded in 2019, slightly walledreports indicatingcompounds, that Camp their No. proximi 25’s - Department (SSD), which is under the mines,gol-ch’ŏn a headquarters(i.e., Solgol stream) and across bar from- it byis Januaryno longer 27, 1976, being when exploited it measured at primary economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters tylight to industry the main and prison,agriculture. and Despite the fact ASpecifically, former prisoner it is under has the explainedcontrol of the racksfoot and area two encompassed road bridges connect by a it. high the(765 level yards it by was 344 during yards) and the encom 1960s- thatextensive they satellite are in imagerya dead-end coverage valley thatSSD' as Northcoal mineHamgyong was Provincial located near wall, a few support buildings, sev- aspassed is indicated 15.30 hectares by the (181,987 apparent square The date of establishment of Camp No. 6 clearlyof the camp, indicate AllSource that is theypresently are theBureau camp and and is located that approximatelymale prisoners eral25 is tailings unclear. Onepiles, report and indicates a coal thatpile. abandoningyards) (Figure of1, Figure several 2). mines and unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- directly associated with Kyo-hwa- were forced to work in it (this is Thatthe camp this wasis most used aslikely a prisoner-of-war the “coal razingHigh-resolution of what satellitemay have imagery been from an open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, so No. 1. The purpose of these common work for prisoners in mine”camp housingidentified South by Korean the prisonersoldiers at is oreJanuary processing 18, 2003, building.through September prisoner population of 5,000 people. Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is compounds is presently unclear. North Korea). Small-scale coal stronglythe end of suggested the Korean War. by 5the This, head how-- 21, 2015, indicates that the camp has However,As with the itanalytical would caution appear presented to be mining activity approximately quartersever, remains and to barracks be verified area as it beingmay not expanded during this period and that its in previous reports (such as North 4 It is interesting to note that although the escapee be referring to the present day camp but primary economic activities are centered logicalKorea: Imagery that they Analysis house Camp a separate 16 and 2.2-kilometersdescriptions of this facility’s northeast mission matchesof Kyo- that surroundedrather to an activity by a inhigh this area.wall Thewith area on agriculture and light industry (Figure 3 of other kwan-li-so, the physical characteristics ob- classNorth Korea:of prisoners, Imagery Analysis are engaged of Camp hwa-soserved in No.satellite 1 wasimagery first are more observed representative ain single which itgate is located and hasa guard been involved tower through Figure 15). 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony in a separate type of activity, or a in satellite imagery from an April (addedin agricultural between activities 2014 since and at least2016) the Several small villages and military Analysis), it is important to reiterate penitentiaries and prison camps. David Hawk, The 36 combination of both. 24, 1966 image. This coal mining on1950s. its southeast Satellite imagery corner. does Whileindicate the facilities are located in the general area that North Korean officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, 2012, around the camp. The camp is connected those within the Korean People’s Army prior to May 28, 1970, at which time it www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- to the regional electric power grid via and the internal security organizations, lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes occupied an irregular shaped area that overhead high voltage power transmis- clearly understand the importance of Camp No. 25 this way, measured approximately 577 meters by sion cables that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, It is not structured as a village but is a fenced 315 meters (631 yards by 344 yards) and the substation approximately 1 kilometer and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp encompassed 13.76 hectares (164,568 to the southeast. It is connected to the their operations and intentions.3 [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective It would national rail network via the station at be reasonable to assume that they have living arrangements. The No. 25 [kwan-li-so] houses political prisoners only, while those who friend used to perform the duty of turning over Susŏng-dong, 800 meters to the east done so here. committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air arrested while attempting to cross the border Location and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean upon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, Onsung County, North People’s Air Force’s Sŭngam-ni Air Base, Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. out their families. …North Korean defector XXX 25 kwan-li-so in Chongjin. located 18 kilometers south-southwest. [sic] testified, “Military personnel are sent off to Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human Rights This is a training base, and based on 3 Bermudez Jr., Joseph S., Dinville, Andy and Eley, the Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] if in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute for its mission, organization, and location, Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to D.C.: The Committee for Human Rights in North Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] is for http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. Korea [HRNK], 2015) available at https://www.hrnk. those serving terms of 10 years or longer, but Camp No. 25. org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full- they can return to society once they complete 5 “After the Korean War, it was used as a detention res_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf and Bermudez Jr., Joseph these terms.” It was also testified that the facility for South Korean POWs (Prisoners of 6 HRNK anticipates that we will be able to further S. Imagery Analysis: North Korea’s Camp No. 15, No. 25 kwan-li-so housed senior staff at the War).” Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human refine the date of the camps establishment in Update, (Washington, D.C.: HRNK, 2014) available Provincial Party, the head of a local MPS office, Rights in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute future updates. Referenced imagery includes: at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20 and other high-ranking officials. North Korean for National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at KH-4B imagery dated May 28, 1970 and KH-9 Update%20Good.pdf. defector XXX [sic] testified that the father of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976.

CopyrightCOPYRIGHT © ©ALLSOURCE 2020 by ANALYSIS, the Committee INC. 2016 for Human Rights in North Korea 343 H R CH’OMA-BONGKYO-HWA-SOCAMP RESTRICTED ATNO. KAECH’ŎN 25 AREA H R N K N K Figure 19 North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp No. 25 - Update 2

analysis also supports escapee and other Prisons Bureau of the State Security located on the south bank of the Sol- square yards) and was expanded slightly reports indicating that Camp No. 25’s Department (SSD), which is under the gol-ch’ŏn (i.e., Solgol stream) across from by January 27, 1976, when it measured primary economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters light industry and agriculture. Despite Specifically, it is under the control of the foot and two road bridges connect it. (765 yards by 344 yards) and encom- extensive satellite imagery coverage SSD's North Hamgyong Provincial passed 15.30 hectares (181,987 square The date of establishment of Camp No. 6 of the camp, AllSource is presently Bureau and is located approximately 25 is unclear. One report indicates that yards) (Figure 1, Figure 2). unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- the camp was used as a prisoner-of-war High-resolution satellite imagery from open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, camp housing South Korean soldiers at January 18, 2003, through September prisoner population of 5,000 people. Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is the end of the Korean War.5 This, how- 21, 2015, indicates that the camp has As with the analytical caution presented ever, remains to be verified as it may not expanded during this period and that its in previous reports (such as North 4 It is interesting to note that although the escapee be referring to the present day camp but primary economic activities are centered Korea: Imagery Analysis Camp 16 and descriptions of this facility’s mission matches that rather to an activity in this area. The area on agriculture and light industry (Figure 3 of other kwan-li-so, the physical characteristics ob- North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp served in satellite imagery are more representative in which it is located has been involved through Figure 15). 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony in agricultural activities since at least the Several small villages and military Analysis), it is important to reiterate penitentiaries and prison camps. David Hawk, The 1950s. Satellite imagery does indicate facilities are located in the general area that North Korean officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, 2012, around the camp. The camp is connected those within the Korean People’s Army prior to May 28, 1970, at which time it www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- to the regional electric power grid via and the internal security organizations, lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes occupied an irregular shaped area that overhead high voltage power transmis- clearly understand the importance of Camp No. 25 this way, measured approximately 577 meters by sion cables that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, It is not structured as a village but is a fenced 315 meters (631 yards by 344 yards) and the substation approximately 1 kilometer and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp encompassed 13.76 hectares (164,568 to the southeast. It is connected to the their operations and intentions.3 [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective It would national rail network via the station at be reasonable to assume that they have living arrangements. The No. 25 [kwan-li-so] houses political prisoners only, while those who friend used to perform the duty of turning over Susŏng-dong, 800 meters to the east done so here. committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air arrested while attempting to cross the border Location and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean upon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, Onsung County, North People’s Air Force’s Sŭngam-ni Air Base, Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. out their families. …North Korean defector XXX 25 kwan-li-so in Chongjin. located 18 kilometers south-southwest. [sic] testified, “Military personnel are sent off to Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human Rights This is a training base, and based on 3 Bermudez Jr., Joseph S., Dinville, Andy and Eley, the Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] if in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute for its mission, organization, and location, Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to D.C.: The Committee for Human Rights in North Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] is for http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. Korea [HRNK], 2015) available at https://www.hrnk. those serving terms of 10 years or longer, but Camp No. 25. org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full- they can return to society once they complete 5 “After the Korean War, it was used as a detention res_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf and Bermudez Jr., Joseph these terms.” It was also testified that the facility for South Korean POWs (Prisoners of 6 HRNK anticipates that we will be able to further S. Imagery Analysis: North Korea’s Camp No. 15, No. 25 kwan-li-so housed senior staff at the War).” Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human refine the date of the camps establishment in Update, (Washington,A D.C.:view HRNK, of 2014) the available coal-mining Provincialactivity Party, northeast the head of a localof MPSKyo-hwa-so office, Rights No. in 1, North April Korea 1, 2015 2019. (Seoul: Korea Institute future updates. Referenced imagery includes: at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20 and other high-ranking officials. North Korean for National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at KH-4B imagery dated May 28, 1970 and KH-9 Update%20Good.pdf. defector XXX [sic] testified that the father of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976.

CopyrightCOPYRIGHT © ©ALLSOURCE 2020 by ANALYSIS, the Committee INC. 2016 for Human Rights in North Korea Copyright © 2020 by DigitalGlobe, NextView License 353 H R CH’OMA-BONGKYO-HWA-SOCAMP RESTRICTED ATNO. KAECH’ŎN 25 AREA H R N K N K Figure 20 North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp No. 25 - Update 2

analysis also supports escapee and other Prisons Bureau of the State Security located on the south bank of the Sol- square yards) and was expanded slightly reports indicating that Camp No. 25’s Department (SSD), which is under the gol-ch’ŏn (i.e., Solgol stream) across from by January 27, 1976, when it measured primary economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters light industry and agriculture. Despite Specifically, it is under the control of the foot and two road bridges connect it. (765 yards by 344 yards) and encom- extensive satellite imagery coverage SSD's North Hamgyong Provincial passed 15.30 hectares (181,987 square The date of establishment of Camp No. 6 of the camp, AllSource is presently Bureau and is located approximately 25 is unclear. One report indicates that yards) (Figure 1, Figure 2). unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- the camp was used as a prisoner-of-war High-resolution satellite imagery from open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, camp housing South Korean soldiers at January 18, 2003, through September prisoner population of 5,000 people. Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is the end of the Korean War.5 This, how- 21, 2015, indicates that the camp has As with the analytical caution presented ever, remains to be verified as it may not expanded during this period and that its in previous reports (such as North 4 It is interesting to note that although the escapee be referring to the present day camp but primary economic activities are centered Korea: Imagery Analysis Camp 16 and descriptions of this facility’s mission matches that rather to an activity in this area. The area on agriculture and light industry (Figure 3 of other kwan-li-so, the physical characteristics ob- North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp served in satellite imagery are more representative in which it is located has been involved through Figure 15). 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony in agricultural activities since at least the Several small villages and military Analysis), it is important to reiterate penitentiaries and prison camps. David Hawk, The 1950s. Satellite imagery does indicate facilities are located in the general area that North Korean officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, 2012, around the camp. The camp is connected those within the Korean People’s Army prior to May 28, 1970, at which time it www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- to the regional electric power grid via and the internal security organizations, lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes occupied an irregular shaped area that overhead high voltage power transmis- clearly understand the importance of Camp No. 25 this way, measured approximately 577 meters by sion cables that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, It is not structured as a village but is a fenced 315 meters (631 yards by 344 yards) and the substation approximately 1 kilometer and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp encompassed 13.76 hectares (164,568 to the southeast. It is connected to the their operations and intentions.3 [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective It would national rail network via the station at be reasonable to assume that they have living arrangements. The No. 25 [kwan-li-so] houses political prisoners only, while those who friend used to perform the duty of turning over Susŏng-dong, 800 meters to the east done so here. committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air arrested while attempting to cross the border Location and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean upon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, Onsung County, North People’s Air Force’s Sŭngam-ni Air Base, Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. out their families. …North Korean defector XXX 25 kwan-li-so in Chongjin. located 18 kilometers south-southwest. [sic] testified, “Military personnel are sent off to Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human Rights This is a training base, and based on 3 Bermudez Jr., Joseph S., Dinville, Andy and Eley, the Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] if in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute for its mission, organization, and location, Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to D.C.: The Committee for Human Rights in North Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] is for http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. Korea [HRNK], 2015) available at https://www.hrnk. those serving terms of 10 years or longer, but Camp No. 25. org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full- they can return to society once they complete 5 “After the Korean War, it was used as a detention res_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf and Bermudez Jr., Joseph these terms.” It was also testified that the facility for South Korean POWs (Prisoners of 6 HRNK anticipates that we will be able to further S. Imagery Analysis:A North close-up Korea’s Camp of No.the 15, headquartersNo. 25 kwan-li-so and barracks housed senior areastaff at theat the coal-miWar).” Do ningKyung-Ok activity, et al., White April Paper on 1, Human 2019. Clearlyrefine thevisible date of theare camps establishment in Update, (Washington, D.C.: HRNK, 2014) available Provincial Party, the head of a local MPS office, Rights in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute future updates. Referenced imagery includes: at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20the high wall encompassingand otherthe high-ranking area, the officials. single North gate, Korean and thefor National guard Unification, position 2015), p.on 122, topavailable of atthe southeastKH-4B imagery corner. dated May 28, 1970 and KH-9 Update%20Good.pdf. defector XXX [sic] testified that the father of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976.

CopyrightCOPYRIGHT © ©ALLSOURCE 2020 by ANALYSIS, the Committee INC. 2016 for Human Rights in North Korea Copyright © 2020 by DigitalGlobe, NextView License 363 H R CH’OMA-BONGKYO-HWA-SOCAMP RESTRICTED ATNO. KAECH’ŎN 25 AREA H R N K N K North Korea: ImageryNORTH KOREA’SAnalysis LONG-TERMof Camp No. 25 - Update 2 PRISON-LABOR FACILITY (KYO-HWA-SO) AT KAECH’ŎN

Withinanalysis one also supportskilometer escapee of Kyo-hwa- and other Typically,Prisons Bureau deceased of the State prisoners Security are tivelocated corroboration on the south bankof these of the burialSol- reusesquare such yards) a and location was expanded shows slightly the soreports No. indicating1, there are that at Camp least No. seven 25’s laidDepartment in shallow, (SSD) ,hastily which is dugunder pits the sites,gol-ch’ŏn it does (i.e., Solgol not mean stream) that across they from lackby January of respect 27, 1976, for when traditional it measured primary economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters traditionallight industry burial and agriculture. grounds. Despite Howev - andSpecifically, covered it is with under a thethin control layer of the havefoot and not two occurred road bridges as reported.connect it. Korean(765 yards burial by 344 and yards) ancestor and encom wor- - er,extensive no link satellite has been imagery established coverage ofSSD' soil.s North This, Hamgyong at times, Provincial results in Such burials, except large mass shippassed practices. 15.30 hectares To date, (181,987 there square have The date of establishment of Camp No. 6 betweenof the camp, these AllSource and is the presently prison. bodyBureau parts and is surfacing. located approximately When there graves,25 is unclear. are at One the report limits indicates of current that beenyards) no (Figure reports 1, Figure of a2). crematory unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- According to former prisoner tes- were large numbers of deceased satellitethe camp imagery was used even as a prisoner-of-war under ideal beingHigh-resolution associated satellite with imagery Kyo-hwa-so from open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, timony, Kyo-hwa-so No. 1 follows prisoners to be buried, “they dug conditions.camp housing At South least Korean one soldiersreported at No.January 1 and 18, none 2003, is through readily September observed prisoner population of 5,000 people. Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is reported practices at other North a hole as big as a house.”37 While burialthe end site of theis in Korean the general War.5 This, location how- in21, the 2015, available indicates imagery. that the camp has KoreanAs with the detention analytical facilitiescaution presented and analysis of the limited Kyo-hwa- ofever, a very remains old to and be verified weathered as it maytradi not- expanded during this period and that its in previous reports (such as North 4 It is interesting to note that although the escapee be referring to the present day camp but primary economic activities are centered buriesKorea: Imagery deceased Analysis prisoners Camp 16 in and the sodescriptions No. 1 satellite of this facility’s imagery mission matchescurrently that tionalrather toburial an activity ground. in this The area. fact The areathat on agriculture and light industry (Figure 3 of other kwan-li-so, the physical characteristics ob- surroundingNorth Korea: Imagery agricultural Analysis fields. of Camp availableserved in satellite has imageryyet to are provide more representative posi- Northin which Korean it is located authorities has been involvedwould through Figure 15). 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony in agricultural activities since at least the Several small villages and military Analysis), it is important to reiterate penitentiaries and prison camps. David Hawk, The 1950s. Satellite imagery does indicate facilities are located in the general area that North Korean officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, 2012, around the camp. The camp is connected those within the Korean People’s Army prior to May 28, 1970, at which time it www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- to the regional electric power grid via and the internal security organizations, lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes occupied an irregular shaped area that overhead high voltage power transmis- clearly understand the importance of Camp No. 25 this way, measured approximately 577 meters by sion cables that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, It is not structured as a village but is a fenced 315 meters (631 yards by 344 yards) and the substation approximately 1 kilometer and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp encompassed 13.76 hectares (164,568 to the southeast. It is connected to the their operations and intentions.3 [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective It would national rail network via the station at be reasonable to assume that they have living arrangements. The No. 25 [kwan-li-so] houses political prisoners only, while those who friend used to perform the duty of turning over Susŏng-dong, 800 meters to the east done so here. committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air arrested while attempting to cross the border Location and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean upon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, Onsung County, North People’s Air Force’s Sŭngam-ni Air Base, Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. out their families. …North Korean defector XXX 25 kwan-li-so in Chongjin. located 18 kilometers south-southwest. [sic] testified, “Military personnel are sent off to Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human Rights This is a training base, and based on 3 Bermudez Jr., Joseph S., Dinville, Andy and Eley, the Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] if in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute for its mission, organization, and location, Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to D.C.: The Committee for Human Rights in North Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] is for http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. Korea [HRNK], 2015) available at https://www.hrnk. those serving terms of 10 years or longer, but Camp No. 25. org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full- they can return to society once they complete 5 “After the Korean War, it was used as a detention res_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf and Bermudez Jr., Joseph these terms.” It was also testified that the facility for South Korean POWs (Prisoners of 6 HRNK anticipates that we will be able to further S. Imagery Analysis: North Korea’s Camp No. 15, No. 25 kwan-li-so housed senior staff at the War).” Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human refine the date of the camps establishment in Update, (Washington, D.C.: HRNK, 2014) available Provincial Party, the head of a local MPS office, Rights in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute future updates. Referenced imagery includes: at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20 and other high-ranking officials. North Korean for National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at KH-4B imagery dated May 28, 1970 and KH-9 Update%20Good.pdf. defector XXX [sic] testified that the father of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976.

CopyrightCOPYRIGHT © ©ALLSOURCE 2020 by ANALYSIS, the Committee INC. 2016 for Human Rights in North Korea 373 H R CH’OMA-BONGKYO-HWA-SOCAMP RESTRICTED ATNO. KAECH’ŎN 25 AREA H R N K N K Figure 21 North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp No. 25 - Update 2

analysis also supports escapee and other Prisons Bureau of the State Security located on the south bank of the Sol- square yards) and was expanded slightly reports indicating that Camp No. 25’s Department (SSD), which is under the gol-ch’ŏn (i.e., Solgol stream) across from by January 27, 1976, when it measured primary economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters light industry and agriculture. Despite Specifically, it is under the control of the foot and two road bridges connect it. (765 yards by 344 yards) and encom- extensive satellite imagery coverage SSD's North Hamgyong Provincial passed 15.30 hectares (181,987 square The date of establishment of Camp No. 6 of the camp, AllSource is presently Bureau and is located approximately 25 is unclear. One report indicates that yards) (Figure 1, Figure 2). unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- the camp was used as a prisoner-of-war High-resolution satellite imagery from open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, camp housing South Korean soldiers at January 18, 2003, through September prisoner population of 5,000 people. Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is the end of the Korean War.5 This, how- 21, 2015, indicates that the camp has As with the analytical caution presented ever, remains to be verified as it may not expanded during this period and that its in previous reports (such as North 4 It is interesting to note that although the escapee be referring to the present day camp but primary economic activities are centered Korea: Imagery Analysis Camp 16 and descriptions of this facility’s mission matches that rather to an activity in this area. The area on agriculture and light industry (Figure 3 of other kwan-li-so, the physical characteristics ob- North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp served in satellite imagery are more representative in which it is located has been involved through Figure 15). 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony in agricultural activities since at least the Several small villages and military Analysis), it is important to reiterate penitentiaries and prison camps. David Hawk, The 1950s. Satellite imagery does indicate facilities are located in the general area that North Korean officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, 2012, around the camp. The camp is connected those within the Korean People’s Army prior to May 28, 1970, at which time it www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- to the regional electric power grid via and the internal security organizations, lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes occupied an irregular shaped area that overhead high voltage power transmis- clearly understand the importance of Camp No. 25 this way, measured approximately 577 meters by sion cables that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, It is not structured as a village but is a fenced 315 meters (631 yards by 344 yards) and the substation approximately 1 kilometer and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp encompassed 13.76 hectares (164,568 to the southeast. It is connected to the their operations and intentions.3 [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective It would national rail network via the station at be reasonable to assume that they have living arrangements. The No. 25 [kwan-li-so] houses political prisoners only, while those who friend used to perform the duty of turning over Susŏng-dong, 800 meters to the east done so here. committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air arrested while attempting to cross the border Location and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean upon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, Onsung County, North People’s Air Force’s Sŭngam-ni Air Base, Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. out their families. …North Korean defector XXX 25 kwan-li-so in Chongjin. located 18 kilometers south-southwest. [sic] testified, “Military personnel are sent off to Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human Rights This is a training base, and based on 3 Bermudez Jr., Joseph S., Dinville, Andy and Eley, the Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] if in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute for its mission, organization, and location, Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to D.C.: The Committee for Human Rights in North Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] is for http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. Korea [HRNK], 2015) available at https://www.hrnk. those serving terms of 10 years or longer, but Camp No. 25. org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full- they can return to society once they complete 5 “After the Korean War, it was used as a detention res_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf and Bermudez Jr., Joseph these terms.” It was also testified that the facility for South Korean POWs (Prisoners of 6 HRNK anticipates that we will be able to further S. Imagery Analysis:A North close-up Korea’s Camp of No.the 15, first of twoNo. 25 locations kwan-li-so housed in senioragricultural staff at the fieldsWar).” outside Do Kyung-Ok the et al., Whitemain Paper prison on Human where formerrefine the prisonerdate of the camps establishment in Update, (Washington, D.C.: HRNK, 2014) available Provincial Party, the head of a local MPS office, Rights in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute future updates. Referenced imagery includes: at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20testimony states deceasedand prisoners other high-ranking were officials. buried North Koreanin shallow for Nationalgraves, Unification, new prison,2015), p. 122, Aprilavailable 1,at 2019. KH-4B imagery dated May 28, 1970 and KH-9 Update%20Good.pdf. defector XXX [sic] testified that the father of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976.

CopyrightCOPYRIGHT © ©ALLSOURCE 2020 by ANALYSIS, the Committee INC. 2016 for Human Rights in North Korea Copyright © 2020 by DigitalGlobe, NextView License 383 H R CH’OMA-BONGKYO-HWA-SOCAMP RESTRICTED ATNO. KAECH’ŎN 25 AREA H R N K N K North Korea: ImageryNORTH KOREA’SAnalysis LONG-TERMof Camp No. 25 - Update 2 PRISON-LABOR FACILITY (KYO-HWA-SO) AT KAECH’ŎN

Approximatelyanalysis also supports 175 metersescapee andsouth other andPrisons may Bureau be the of thesource State Securityof the locatedcility. on the The south associated bank of the walled Sol- squareof yards)light andmanufacturing was expanded andslightly ofreports the mainindicating prison that Campis a small No. 25’s sand facility’sDepartment electric (SSD), whichservice. is under Addition the - gol-ch’ŏncompounds (i.e., Solgol arestream) newer, across but from by Januaryagricultural 27, 1976, productionwhen it measured primary economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters andlight gravelindustry quarry. and agriculture. Given Despiteits prox - ally,Specifically, a single it ishigh-voltage under the control power of the foot andare two also road well bridges maintained connect it. (765» Theyards primary by 344 yards) activities and encom of the- imityextensive it is satellite likely imagerythat the coverage prisoners lineSSD' passess North Hamgyong approximately Provincial 800 » There have been no signifi- passedprisoners 15.30 hectares in the (181,987 walled square com - The date of establishment of Camp No. 6 workof the thecamp, quarry AllSource as isneeded presently by metersBureau andwest is locatedof the approximatelyprison. The 25 is cantunclear. changes One report to indicates the physi that- yards)pounds (Figure 1, are Figure unknown, 2). but unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- local requirements. nearest rail facility is the Kaech’ŏn the campcal size,was used including as a prisoner-of-war prisoner High-resolutionmay be related satellite toimagery agricultur from - open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, rail station 3.2 kilometers to the camphousing housing South structures, Korean soldiers of the at Januaryal production18, 2003, through September prisoner population of 5,000 people. Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is There are at least nine military west of the prison. the endmain of the prison Korean since War.5 This, the howend- 21,» 2015, The indicates prisoner that population the camp has of garrisonsAs with the (likelyanalytical for caution both presented active ever, remainsof 2010 to be verified as it may not expandedthe main during facility this period has and likely that its in previous reports (such as North 4 It is interesting to note that although the escapee be referring to the present day camp but primary economic activities are centered andKorea: paramilitary Imagery Analysis reserve Camp forces), 16 and Assessmentdescriptions of this facility’s mission matches that rather» Perimeter to an activity walls in this and area. entranc The area- on agricultureremained and relatively light industry stable (Figure 3 of other kwan-li-so, the physical characteristics ob- nineNorth air Korea: defense Imagery artillery Analysis sites,of Camp served in satellite imagery are more representative in whiches itof is all located facilities has been appear involved to throughsince Figure 2010 15). 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony and no SAM sites observed Analysis of limited publicly avail- in agriculturalbe well activities maintained since at and least in the Several» The small construction villages and militaryof the two Analysis), it is important to reiterate penitentiaries and prison camps. David Hawk, The within five kilometers of the able information, former escapee 1950s.good Satellite repair imagery does indicate facilitieswalled are located compounds in the general between area that North Korean officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established prison. The closest air facility to testimony,Committee for and Human high-resolution Rights in North Korea, 2012, Guard positions at all fa- around2010 the camp.and 2013 The camp suggests is connected that those within the Korean People’s Army prior» to May 28, 1970, at which time it www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- to the regional electric power grid via Kyo-hwa-soand the internal No. security 1 is organizations,the Korean satellite imagery of Kyo-hwa-so cilities are well situated to the combined prison popula- lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes occupied an irregular shaped area that overhead high voltage power transmis- People’sclearly understand Air Force’s the importance Kaech’ŏn of Air- No.Camp 1 and No. 25 its this environs, way, collected provide overlapping fields- tion has increased measured approximately 577 meters by sion cables that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, base located 5 kilometers north. during It is not1962–1972 structured as anda village 2002–2019, but is a fenced 315 metersof-view (631 ofyards the by prison 344 yards) and and the» substationOpen source approximately reports 1 kilometer and and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp This is an operational fighter indicates that: encompassedappear well13.76 hectaresmaintained (164,568 and to theformer southeast. prisoner It is connected testimony to the their operations and intentions.3 It would [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective base, and, due to its mission, or- living arrangements. The No. 25 [kwan-li-so] in good repair nationalof arail prison network population via the station of at be reasonable to assume that they have ganization, and location, almost » housesKyo-hwa-so political prisoners No. only, 1 is while a prisonthose who » friendHeadquarters, used to perform the administra duty of turning -over Susŏbetweenng-dong, 800 2,000 meters and to the 6,000, east done so here. committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air certainly provides no support to arrestedtive, barracks,while attempting housing, to cross the bordersup- while of a wide margin, are Location and Organization intofacility the facility. that Some has inmates been are released op- facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean upon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, Onsung County, North Kyo-hwa-so No. 1, Kaech’ŏn. erational since sometime port buildings, and grounds People’slikely Air toForce’s be accurate Sŭngam-ni Air Base, Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. outbetween their families. 1962 …North Koreanand 1966 defector XXX 25are kwan-li-so well maintainedin Chongjin. and in located 18 kilometers south-southwest. While the prison is probably » [sic]The testified, associated “Military personnel walled are sent off to Do Kyung-Okgood repair et al., White Paper on Human Rights RecommendationsThis is a training base, and based on 3 Bermudez Jr., Joseph S., Dinville, Andy and Eley, the Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] if connected to the regional tele- compounds are operational in» NorthThe Korea grounds 2015 (Seoul: and Korea buildings Institute for its mission, organization, and location, Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to phoneD.C.: The network, Committee for it Human is likely Rights via in North Susongprison kyo-hwa-so facilities [No. 25 that kwan-li-so have] is for http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jspfor prisoner housing appear. Continued background investiga- Korea [HRNK], 2015) available at https://www.hrnk. those serving terms of 10 years or longer, but Camp No. 25. buriedorg/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full service as no evidence of - theybeen can return operational to society once since they complete ap- 5 “Afterto the be Korean well War, maintained it was used as a detention and in tion and ongoing monitoring of overheadres_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf service andwas Bermudez identified Jr., Joseph theseproximately terms.” It was also 2010–2013 testified that the facilitya forgood South stateKorean POWsof repair (Prisoners of Kyo-hwa-so6 HRNK anticipates No. that 1,we Kaech’ŏn will be able to furtherand S. Imagery Analysis: North Korea’s Camp No. 15, No. 25 kwan-li-so housed senior staff at the War).” Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human refine the date of the camps establishment in in Update,satellite (Washington, imagery. D.C.: HRNK, An 2014)electrical available » ProvincialIt is, by Party, North the head Korean of a local MPS stan office,- Rights» The in North primary Korea 2015 activities (Seoul: Korea of Institute the its futureassociated updates. Referenced walled imagery compounds includes: substationat http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20 is located 4.7 kilome- anddards, other high-ranking a very matureofficials. Northand Korean for Nationalprisoners Unification, at the2015), mainp. 122, available prison at areKH-4B recommended imagery dated May to 28, provide 1970 and KH-9 a tersUpdate%20Good.pdf west-northwest. of the prison defectorwell-maintained XXX [sic] testified that prison the father fa of- his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jspappear to be a combination. more(mapping detailed camera) accountingimagery dated January of its27, 1976.

CopyrightCOPYRIGHT © ©ALLSOURCE 2020 by ANALYSIS, the Committee INC. 2016 for Human Rights in North Korea 393 H R CH’OMA-BONGKYO-HWA-SOCAMP RESTRICTED ATNO. KAECH’ŎN 25 AREA H R N K N K North Korea: ImageryNORTH KOREA’SAnalysis LONG-TERMof Camp No. 25 - Update 2 PRISON-LABOR FACILITY (KYO-HWA-SO) AT KAECH’ŎN previousanalysis also operations supports escapee back toand at other GazetteerPrisons Bureau of the State Security located on the south bank of the Sol- square yards) and was expanded slightly leastreports 1966 indicating and thatto develop Camp No. an 25’s ob - Department (SSD), which is under the gol-ch’ŏn (i.e., Solgol stream) across from by January 27, 1976, when it measured primary economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters jectivelight industry baseline and agriculture. understanding Despite of Specifically, it is Locationunder the control of the footLatitude and two (N) road bridgesLongitude connect it.(E) (765 yards by 344 yards) and encom- itsextensive continuing satellite activities, imagery coverage maintain SSD's North Hamgyong Provincial passed 15.30 hectares (181,987 square The date of establishment of Camp No. 6 anof theevidentiary camp, AllSource catalog is presently of physical BureauKaech’ŏn and is located approximately 2539.700556° is unclear. One report125.893333° indicates that yards) (Figure 1, Figure 2). unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- changes at the facility, update the camp was used as a prisoner-of-war High-resolution satellite imagery from open-source reports that the camp has a jin-siKaech’ŏn in Susŏng-dong, Ro-dong-dan-ryeon-dae Ch’ŏngjin-si, 39.708068° 125.919465° its status, develop accurate evi- camp housing South Korean soldiers at January 18, 2003, through September prisoner population of 5,000 people. Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is dence of prisoner population size, Kyo-hwa-so No. 1, Kaech’ŏn the39.708310° end of the Korean War.125.923356°5 This, how- 21, 2015, indicates that the camp has assessAs with thethe analytical health cautionof prisoners, presented ever, remains to be verified as it may not expanded during this period and that its in previous reports (such as North 4Kyo-hwa-so It is interesting to note No. that 1, althoughmining the activity escapee be 39.719885°referring to the present125.944841° day camp but primary economic activities are centered andKorea: assist Imagery with Analysis the identification Camp 16 and descriptions of this facility’s mission matches that rather to an activity in this area. The area on agriculture and light industry (Figure 3 of other kwan-li-so, the physical characteristics ob- ofNorth reported Korea: Imageryhuman Analysis rights abuses.of Camp served in satellite imagery are more representative in which it is located has been involved through Figure 15). 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony It is strongly recommended that Note in agricultural activities since at least the Several small villages and military Analysis), it is important to reiterate penitentiaries and prison camps. David Hawk, The any investigations also include 1950s. Satellite imagery does indicate facilities are located in the general area that North Korean officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established the examination of the back- HRNKCommittee would for Human like Rights to extend in North Korea, a 2012, 1. Hangyun Kim for his excellent documentaround the camp.North The Korea’s camp is political connected those within the Korean People’s Army prior to May 28, 1970, at which time it www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- to the regional electric power grid via groundand the internal and details security of organizations, the report - special note of thanks to several interpretation and translation prison system and the tragic con- lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes occupied an irregular shaped area that overhead high voltage power transmis- edclearly underground understand the political importance prison of individualsCamp No. 25 this for way, their gracious assistance. Hayne Park for tran- ditions present within that system. measured approximately 577 meters by sion cables that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, facility; the reported high rate of assistance It is not structured in preparing as a village but this is a fenced scribing315 meters the (631 interview yards by 344 with yards) Ms. and the substation approximately 1 kilometer and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp mortality and malnutrition; and report. Former prisoner Kim Kimencompassed into Korean 13.76 andhectares English. (164,568 to the southeast. It is connected to the their operations and intentions.3 It would [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective the reported burial of deceased Il-soonliving (pseudonym) arrangements. The No. for 25 [kwan-li-soher ] Allen Anderson, Bobby Holt, and national rail network via the station at be reasonable to assume that they have prisoners in the agricultural fields courageoushouses political testimony prisoners only, about while those her who Ronaldfriend Bohmuller used to perform for the dutytheir of turning gra- over Susŏng-dong, 800 meters to the east done so here. committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air adjacent to the prison. experiences in Kyo-hwa-so No. ciousarrested support while attemptingof HRNK’s to cross efforts the border to Location and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean upon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, Onsung County, North People’s Air Force’s Sŭngam-ni Air Base, Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. out their families. …North Korean defector XXX 25 kwan-li-so in Chongjin. located 18 kilometers south-southwest. [sic] testified, “Military personnel are sent off to Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human Rights This is a training base, and based on 3 Bermudez Jr., Joseph S., Dinville, Andy and Eley, the Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] if in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute for its mission, organization, and location, Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to D.C.: The Committee for Human Rights in North Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] is for http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. Korea [HRNK], 2015) available at https://www.hrnk. those serving terms of 10 years or longer, but Camp No. 25. org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full- they can return to society once they complete 5 “After the Korean War, it was used as a detention res_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf and Bermudez Jr., Joseph these terms.” It was also testified that the facility for South Korean POWs (Prisoners of 6 HRNK anticipates that we will be able to further S. Imagery Analysis: North Korea’s Camp No. 15, No. 25 kwan-li-so housed senior staff at the War).” Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human refine the date of the camps establishment in Update, (Washington, D.C.: HRNK, 2014) available Provincial Party, the head of a local MPS office, Rights in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute future updates. Referenced imagery includes: at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20 and other high-ranking officials. North Korean for National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at KH-4B imagery dated May 28, 1970 and KH-9 Update%20Good.pdf. defector XXX [sic] testified that the father of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976.

CopyrightCOPYRIGHT © ©ALLSOURCE 2020 by ANALYSIS, the Committee INC. 2016 for Human Rights in North Korea Copyright © 2019 by DigitalGlobe, NextView License 403 H R CH’OMA-BONGKYO-HWA-SOCAMP RESTRICTED ATNO. KAECH’ŎN 25 AREA H R N K N K Endnotes North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp No. 25 - Update 2 1 Declassified KH-4 satellite imagery has a best ground resolution of about 7.6 meters, KH-4B of 1.8 meters and KH-7 of .8 to 1.2 meters. 2 UN Human Rights Council, Report of the detailed findings of the commission of inquiry, para. 1033. 3 Robert Collins and Amanda Mortwedt Oh, From Cradle to Grave: The Path of North Korean Innocents, (Washington, D.C.: Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, 2017), available at https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Collins_Cradle_to_Grave_WEB_FINALFINAL.pdf. analysis also supports escapee and other Prisons Bureau of the State Security located on the south bank of the Sol- square yards) and was expanded slightly 4 UN Human Rights Council, Report of the detailed findings of the commission of inquiry, para. 1220(b). reports indicating that Camp No. 25’s Department (SSD), which is under the gol-ch’ŏn (i.e., Solgol stream) across from by January 27, 1976, when it measured 5 HRNK has published fifteen prison camp reports over the last five years as part of an ongoing effort to monitor the prison camps. These reports are available at https:// primarywww.hrnk.org/publications/hrnk-publications.php?page=3. economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters 6light industryDavid andHawk agriculture. with Amanda Despite Mortwedt Oh,Specifically, The Parallel it is Gulag: under North the control Korea’s of ‘An-jeon-bu’the foot Prison and two Camps road, bridges(Washington, connect D.C.: it. Committee(765 for yards Human by 344 Rights yards) in North and encom Korea,- extensive satellite imagery coverage SSD's North Hamgyong Provincial passed 15.30 hectares (181,987 square 2017), available at https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hawk_The_Parallel_Gulag_Web.pdf.The date of establishment of Camp No. 6 7of the camp,This information AllSource is comes presently from open sourceBureau documents and is located and commercial approximately satellite imagery.25 is unclear. One report indicates that yards) (Figure 1, Figure 2). unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- 8 Bo-an-so refers to a police station. the camp was used as a prisoner-of-war High-resolution satellite imagery from open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, 9 Previous reports in this project can be found at, https://www.hrnk.org/publications/hrnk-publications.php.camp housing South Korean soldiers at January 18, 2003, through September prisoner population of 5,000 people. Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is 10 Former prisoner and researchers indicate that the name of this facility is “Kyo-hwa-sothe No. end 1, ofKaech’ŏn,” the Korean however, War.5 This, following how- historical21, 2015,DPRK indicates practices that it may the alsocamp have has As withother the analytical designations. caution presented ever, remains to be verified as it may not expanded during this period and that its 11in previousThe reportsterm “high (such resolution” as North in this report4 refersIt is interesting to digital to note satellite that although images the escapee with a groundbe samplereferring distance to the present (GSD) dayof less camp than but .7 meters.primary The GSD economic is the activitiesdistance arebetween centered Korea: Imagerypixel centers Analysis when Camp measured 16 and on the ground.descriptions Analog of this (film) facility’s satellite mission imagery matches that is measuredrather in to groundan activity resolution in this area.(see Thenote area #1 above)on agriculture and light industry (Figure 3 12 Products may also include clothing. Unitedof other Nations kwan-li-so Human, the physical Rights characteristics Council, Report ob- of the detailed findings of the commission of inquiry on human rights in the Democratic North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp served in satellite imagery are more representative in which it is located has been involved through Figure 15). 14 producedPeople’s by HRNK Republic and of AllSource Korea, (New York: Unitedof the nation’s Nations), kyo-hwa-so February, or long-term, 7, 2014, felony p. 247. in agricultural activities since at least the Several small villages and military 13Analysis), White it is Paperimportant on Human to reiterate Rights in North Koreapenitentiaries 2016 ,and (Seoul: prison KINU),camps. David 2016, Hawk, p. 83, The 88, 107-108; Lee Seung-joo, A Series of Detention Facilities in North Korea: Kaechon 1950s. Satellite imagery does indicate facilities are located in the general area that NorthKyo-hwa-so Korean officials, No.1, ‘Message especially from Survivors’Hidden (Seoul: Gulag: NKDB),Second Edition 2016;, Washington, Hawk, David D.C.: and Oh,that Amanda Camp No. Mortwedt. 25 was establishedThe Parallel Gulag: North Korea’s “An-jeon-bu” Prison Camps, Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, 2012, around the camp. The camp is connected those within(Washington, the Korean D.C., People’s Committee Army for Human Rights in North Korea), 2017, p. 26; North Koreanprior to DetentionMay 28, 1970, Facilities at which - Kyo-Hwa-So time it (Seoul: NKDB) 2015; and United Nations www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- to the regional electric power grid via and theHuman internal Rights security Council, organizations, Report of the detailed findings of the commission of inquiry on human rights in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, (New York: United lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes occupied an irregular shaped area that overhead high voltage power transmis- clearly understandNations), February the importance 7, 2014, p.of 247. Camp No. 25 this way, measured approximately 577 meters by sion cables that run from the camp to 14implementing For example, camouflage, Interview concealment, of former Kyo-hwa-so No. 1, Kaech’ŏn, prisoner by HRNK, Seoul, April 23, 2019; Hawk, David and Oh, Amanda Mortwedt. The Parallel Gulag: North It is not structured as a village but is a fenced 315 meters (631 yards by 344 yards) and the substation approximately 1 kilometer and deceptionKorea’s (CCD) “An-jeon-bu” procedures Prison to maskCamps , (Washington,facility that D.C., looks Committee like an ordinary for prison Human camp Rights in North Korea), 2017, p. 26, https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hawk_The_Paral- encompassed 13.76 hectares (164,568 to the southeast. It is connected to the their operationslel_Gulag_Web.pdf; and intentions. White3 Paper on Human[kyo-hwa-so Rights in] Northand is designed Korea 2016for collective, (Seoul: KINU), 2016, p. 107-108; North Korean Detention Facilities - Kyo-Hwa-So, (Seoul: NKDB), It would national rail network via the station at be reasonable2015; United to assume Nations that Human they have Rights Council,living Report arrangements. of the Thedetailed No. 25 findings[kwan-li-so ] of the commission of inquiry on human rights in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, (New York: United Nations), February 7, 2014,houses p. 247, political https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/HRCouncil/CoIDPRK/Report/A.HRC.25.CRP.1_ENG.doc. prisoners only, while those who friend used to perform the duty of turning over Susŏng-dong, 800 meters to the east done so here. committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air 15 Bermudez Jr., Joseph S., Dinville, Andy and Eley, Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington,arrested while D.C.: attempting The Committee to cross the border for Human Rights in North Korea [HRNK], 2015) Location and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean available at https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_fullres_FINAL_12_15_15.pdfupon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, and OnsungBermudez County, Jr., North Joseph S. Imagery Analysis: North Korea’s Camp People’s Air Force’s Sŭngam-ni Air Base, Camp No.No. 25 15, is Update under, the(Washington, control of the D.C.: HRNK, 2014)fixed. availablePolitical criminals at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20Update%20Good.pdf. are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. 16 “Officer at North Korean ‘Labor Training outCenter’ their families.Killed …Northby Vengeful Korean defector Former XXX Inmate,” Radio 25 Free kwan-li-so Asia ,in May Chongjin. 9, 2019, https://www.rfa.org/english/news/korea/labor-trainlocated 18 kilometers south-southwest.- ing-center-north-korea-05092019160322.html;[sic] testified, Interview “Military of formerpersonnel Kyo-hwa-so are sent off to No. 1, Kaech’ŏn,Do Kyung-Ok prisoner et al., White by Paper HRNK, on Human Seoul, Rights April 23,This 2019; is aand training White base, Paper and on based Human on 3 BermudezRights Jr., Joseph in North S., Dinville, Korea Andy 2016 and ,Eley, (Seoul: KINU), 2016,the Susong p. 107-108; kyo-hwa-so North [No. 25 Korean kwan-li-so Detention] if Facilitiesin North Korea - Kyo-Hwa-So 2015 (Seoul: Korea, (Seoul: Institute NKDB), for 2015;its and mission, United organization, Nations Human and Rightslocation, Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The Council, Report of the detailed findings of the commission of inquiry on human rights Nationalin the Unification,Democratic 2015), People’s p. 122, availableRepublic at of Koreaalmost, (New York:certainly United provides Nations), no support February to 7, D.C.: The Committee for Human Rights in North Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] is for http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. Korea [HRNK],2014, p.2015) 247. available at https://www.hrnk. those serving terms of 10 years or longer, but Camp No. 25. 17 org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_fullHRNK anticipates that we will be- able to furtherthey can refine return tothe society date once of thetheyKyo-hwa-so complete No.5 “After 1, Kaech’ŏn’s the Korean War, establishment it was used as a in detention future updates when additional declassified satellite res_FINAL_12_15_15.pdfimagery from and the Bermudez 1960s is Jr., examined.Joseph these terms.” It was also testified that the facility for South Korean POWs (Prisoners of 6 HRNK anticipates that we will be able to further 18 S. ImageryLee Analysis: Seung-joo, North Korea’sA Series Camp of No.Detention 15, FacilitiesNo. 25 in kwan-li-so North Korea: housed Kaechon senior staff Kyo-hwa-so at the No.1,War).” ‘Message Do Kyung-Ok from et al., Survivors’ White Paper on(Seoul: Human NKDB), 2016;refine theWhite date Paperof the camps on Human establishment Rights in in Update, (Washington, D.C.: HRNK, 2014) available Provincial Party, the head of a local MPS office, Rights in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute future updates. Referenced imagery includes: at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20North Korea 2016, (Seoul: KINU), 2016, p. 107-108;and other andhigh-ranking Hawk, officials. David and North Oh, Korean Amanda Mortwedt.for National Unification, The Parallel 2015), Gulag: p. 122, availableNorth Korea’sat “An-jeon-bu”KH-4B imagery Prisondated May Camps 28, 1970, (Washing and KH-9 - Update%20Good.pdfton, D.C., Committee. for Human Rights in Northdefector Korea), XXX [sic] 2017, testified p. 26,that https://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hawk_The_Parallel_Gulag_Web.pdf.the father of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976. 19 What little information that is available about this facility is included throughout this report for ease of description.

CopyrightCOPYRIGHT © ©ALLSOURCE 2020 by ANALYSIS, the Committee INC. 2016 for Human Rights in North Korea 413 H R CH’OMA-BONGKYO-HWA-SOCAMP RESTRICTED ATNO. KAECH’ŎN 25 AREA H R N K N K 20 Interview of former Kyo-hwa-so No. 1, Kaech’ŏn, prisoner by HRNK, Seoul, April 23, 2019; and White Paper on Human Rights in North Korea 2016, (Seoul: KINU), 2016, p. 107-108. 21 Ibid. North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp No. 25 - Update 2 22 The following sources were used throughout this section: Interview of former Kyo-hwa-so No. 1, Kaech’ŏn, prisoner by HRNK, Seoul, April 23, 2019; and White Paper on Human Rights in North Korea 2016, (Seoul: KINU), 2016, p. 107-108; Database Center for North Korean Human Rights, “Political Prison Camps in North Korea Today.” http://nkdb.org/2012/main.php; Hawk, David. The Hidden Gulag: Second Edition. (Washington, D.C.: Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, 2012), pp. 3, 63, 79 and analysis223, also available supports at escapee http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGulag2_Web_5-18.pdf; and other Prisons Bureau of the State Security located Hawk, on the David. south The bank Hidden of the Gulag: Sol- Third Editionsquare. (Washington, yards) and was D.C.: expanded Committee slightly for reports Humanindicating Rights that Campin North No. Korea, 25’s 2013), pp.Department 22 and 25, (SSD)available, which at http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/NKHiddenGulag_DavidHawk(2).pdf; is under the gol-ch’ŏn (i.e., Solgol stream) across from by January Hawk, 27, David. 1976, The when Hidden it measured Gulag: primaryFourth economic Edition activity. (Washington, is focused D.C.: on Committeede facto for control Human of Rightsthe KWP in NorthOGD. Korea, 2015),the pg. village 8, available of Susŏng-dong, at http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Hawk_HiddenGulag4_FINAL. to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters light industrypdf; Kim, and Soo-am, agriculture. Kook-shin Despite Kim, Soon-heeSpecifically, Lim, Hyun-joon it is under Chon,the control Kyu-chang of the Lee, andfoot Jung-hyun and two road Cho. bridges White connectPaper on it. Human Rights(765 yardsin North by 344Korea, yards) 2003-2013 and encom. Seoul,- extensiveKorea: satellite Korea imagery Institute coverage for National Unification,SSD's North 2003-2013. Hamgyong http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp; Provincial KINU White Paper on passedHuman 15.30 Rights hectares in North (181,987 Korea square2014, The date of establishment of Camp No. 6 of the camp,(Seoul: AllSource Korea Institute is presently for National Unification,Bureau and July is 2014),located pp .approximately 180-81, 189, 194 and 624,25 (hereafter: is unclear. KINU2014) One report available indicates at: that www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/; yards) (Figure 1, Figure KINU 2). White Paper on unable Humanto confirm Rights or denyin North escapee Korea and 2015 , (Seoul:7.5 km Korea northwest Instituteof the for port National of Ch’ŏng Unification,- September 2015), pp. 115-116, 122, 126 and 517, (hereafter: KINU2015) available at: www. the camp was used as a prisoner-of-war High-resolution satellite imagery from open-sourcekinu.or.kr/eng/pub/; reports that the andcamp Report has a of the jin-siCommission in Susŏng-dong, of Inquiry Ch’ŏngjin-si, on Human Rights in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, A/HRC/25/CRP.1, (New York: UN Human camp housing South Korean soldiers at January 18, 2003, through September prisonerRights population Council, of 5,0007 February people. 2014), pp. 222-224Hamgyŏng-bukto. and 263, available4 More specifically, at http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/HRCouncil/CoIDPRK/Report/A.HRC.25.CRP.1_ENG.doc. it is the end of the Korean War.5 This, how- 21, 2015, indicates that the camp has 23 Interview of former Kyo-hwa-so No. 1, Kaech’ŏn, prisoner by HRNK, Seoul, April 23, 2019; and White Paper on Human Rights in North Korea 2016, (Seoul: KINU), 2016, p. As with the analytical caution presented ever, remains to be verified as it may not expanded during this period and that its 107-108; Lee Seung-joo, A Series of Detention Facilities in North Korea: Kaechon Kyo-hwa-so No.1, ‘Message from Survivors’ (Seoul: NKDB), 2016; North Korean Deten- in previous reports (such as North 4 It is interesting to note that although the escapee be referring to the present day camp but primary economic activities are centered tion Facilities - Kyo-Hwa-So, (Seoul: NKDB), 2015; and United Nations Human Rights Council, Report of the detailed findings of the commission of inquiry on human Korea: Imagery Analysis Camp 16 and descriptions of this facility’s mission matches that rather to an activity in this area. The area on agriculture and light industry (Figure 3 rights in the Democratic People’s Republicof otherof Korea kwan-li-so, (New, the York: physical United characteristics Nations), ob- February 7, 2014, p. 247. North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp in which it is located has been involved through Figure 15). 24 Ibid. served in satellite imagery are more representative 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony in agricultural activities since at least the 25 Ibid. Several small villages and military Analysis), it is important to reiterate penitentiaries and prison camps. David Hawk, The 1950s. Satellite imagery does indicate 26 This description, which is based upon the testimony of a former prisoner from the mid-2000s, differs somewhat from that presentedfacilities in Lee are Seung-joo, located in Athe Series general of De area- that North Korean officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established tention Facilities in North Korea: KaechonCommittee Kyo-hwa-so for Human No.1, Rights ‘Message in North Korea, from 2012, Survivors’ (Seoul: NKDB), 2016, which states, “Kaech’ŏnaround kyo-hwa-so the camp. was The originally camp is for connected female those within the Korean People’s Army prior to May 28, 1970, at which time it inmates but its function had changed severalwww.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu times. In the early 2000s, Kaech’ŏn- kyo-hwa-so was operated as a facility for inmatesto the sentenced regional toelectric prison power for life, grid and via then and the internal security organizations, it mainly held female inmates sentencedlag2_Web_5-18.pdf to prison for life.. Another In March sources 2007, describes according occupied to the policy an irregular of making shaped inmates area to that be held in overheadtheir hometown high voltage facilities power regardless transmis of- clearly understand the importance of Camp No. 25 this way, sex, it is known that there were broad scale transfers in Kaech’ŏn kyo-hwa-so.” measured approximately 577 meters by sion cables that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, 27 The coal mine is presently unlocated. White It Paperis not structured on Human as a village Rights but inis aNorth fenced Korea 2016315 meters, (Seoul: (631 KINU), yards 2016, by 344 p. 83yards) & 88. and the substation approximately 1 kilometer and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp 28 Interview of former Kyo-hwa-so No. 1, Kaech’ŏn, prisoner by HRNK, Seoul, April 23, 2019;encompassed and White 13.76 Paper hectares on Human (164,568 Rights in Northto the Korea southeast. 2016, (Seoul: It is connected KINU), 2016, to the p. their operations and intentions.3 [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective 107-108; North Korean Detention It would Facilities - Kyo-Hwa-So, (Seoul: NKDB), 2015; and United Nations Human Rights Council, Reportnational of the detailed rail network findings via the of thestation commis at - be reasonable to assume that they have living arrangements. The No. 25 [kwan-li-so] sion of inquiry on human rights in the Democratichouses political People’s prisoners Republic only, while of Korea those who, (New York:friend United used Nations), to perform theFebruary duty of turning 7, 2014, over p. 247.Susŏng-dong, 800 meters to the east 29done soIbid. here. committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air arrested while attempting to cross the border 30Location Ibid. and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean upon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, Onsung County, North 31 White Paper on Human Rights in North Korea 2016, (Seoul: KINU), 2016, p. 83, 88, 107-108. People’s Air Force’s Sŭngam-ni Air Base, Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. 32 Interview of former Kyo-hwa-so No. 1, Kaech’ŏn,out their prisoner families. …North by HRNK, Korean Seoul,defector AprilXXX 23, 2019;25 and kwan-li-so White inPaper Chongjin. on Human Rights in Northlocated Korea 18 2016kilometers, (Seoul: south-southwest. KINU), 2016, p. 107-108; North Korean Detention Facilities - Kyo-Hwa-So, (Seoul: NKDB), 2015; and United Nations Human Rights Council, Report of the detailed findings of the commis- [sic] testified, “Military personnel are sent off to Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human Rights This is a training base, and based on 3 Bermudezsion Jr., ofJoseph inquiry S., Dinville, on human Andy and rights Eley, in the Democraticthe Susong People’s kyo-hwa-so Republic [No. 25 kwan-li-soof Korea] ,if (New York:in North United Korea Nations), 2015 (Seoul: February Korea Institute 7, 2014, for p. 247.its mission, organization, and location, 33Mike. ImageryIbid. Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to 34D.C.: TheIbid.; Committee and “Officer for Human Rightsat North in North Korean ‘Labor SusongTraining kyo-hwa-so Center’ [No. Killed 25 kwan-li-so by Vengeful] is for Former http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jspInmate,”Radio Free Asia, May 9, 2019,. https://www.rfa.org/english/news/korea/la- Korea [HRNK], 2015) available at https://www.hrnk. those serving terms of 10 years or longer, but Camp No. 25. org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_fullbor-training-center-north-korea-05092019160322.html.- they can return to society once they complete 5 “After the Korean War, it was used as a detention 35res_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf Ibid. and Bermudez Jr., Joseph these terms.” It was also testified that the facility for South Korean POWs (Prisoners of 6 HRNK anticipates that we will be able to further 36S. ImageryInterview Analysis: of North former Korea’s Kyo-hwa-so Camp No. 15, No. 1, Kaech’ŏn,No. 25 kwan-li-so prisoner housed by HRNK, senior staff Seoul, at the April 23, 2019;War).” Doand Kyung-Ok White etPaper al., White on Paper Human on Human Rights in Northrefine Korea the date 2016 of the, camps(Seoul: establishment KINU), 2016, in Update,p. (Washington, 107-108. D.C.: HRNK, 2014) available Provincial Party, the head of a local MPS office, Rights in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute future updates. Referenced imagery includes: 37at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20Ibid. and other high-ranking officials. North Korean for National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at KH-4B imagery dated May 28, 1970 and KH-9 Update%20Good.pdf. defector XXX [sic] testified that the father of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976.

CopyrightCOPYRIGHT © ©ALLSOURCE 2020 by ANALYSIS, the Committee INC. 2016 for Human Rights in North Korea 423 H R CH’OMA-BONGMARCHCAMP RESTRICTED 25,NO. 2020 25 AREA H R N K N K North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp No. 25 - Update 2

THE COMMITTEE FOR HRNK is the leading U.S.-based bipartisan, non-governmental organization in the field of North Korean analysisH R alsoHUMAN supports RIGHTS escapee IN NORTH and K OREAother humanPrisons Bureaurights ofresearch the State andSecurity advocacy, taskedlocated on to the focus south international bank of the Sol attention- square on human yards) and rights was expandedabuses inslightly reports indicatingีዽၨ૟၁ that원회 Camp No. 25’s thatDepartment country. (SSD) It is, which HRNK’s is under mission the to persistentlygol-ch’ŏn (i.e., remindSolgol stream) policy across makers, from opinionby January leaders, 27, 1976, and when the itgeneral measured primaryN K economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters light industry and agriculture. Despite publicSpecifically, in the it isfree under world the controland beyond of the thatfoot more and two than road 20 bridges million connect North it. Koreans(765 need yards our by 344attention. yards) and encom- extensive satellite imagery coverage SSD's North Hamgyong Provincial The date of establishment of Camp No. passed 15.30 hectares (181,987 square Since its establishment in 2001, HRNK has played an important intellectual leadership role on North6 Korean of the camp, AllSource is presently Bureau and is located approximately 25 is unclear. One report indicates that yards) (Figure 1, Figure 2). unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- human rights issues by publishing morethe thancamp 40was majorused as reports a prisoner-of-war (available atHigh-resolution https://hrnk.org/publications/ satellite imagery from open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, hrnk-publications.php). HRNK becamecamp the firsthousing organization South Korean to soldiers propose at thatJanuary the human 18, 2003, rights through situation September in prisoner population of 5,000 people. Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is North Korea be addressed by the UN Securitythe end of Council.the Korean HRNK War.5 This, was how directly,- actively,21, 2015, indicates and effectively that the camp involved has As with the analytical caution presented in all stages of the process supportingever, the remainswork of to the be verified UN Commission as it may not of Inquiry.expanded In during the past this period five andyears, that its 4 It is interesting to note that although the escapee in previous reports (such as North HRNK has been invited numerous timesbe referringto provide to the expert present testimony day camp but before primary the U.S. economic Congress. activities In Aprilare centered 2018, Korea: Imagery Analysis Camp 16 and descriptions of this facility’s mission matches that rather to an activity in this area. The area on agriculture and light industry (Figure 3 theof UNother kwan-li-soEconomic, the physical and Socialcharacteristics Council ob- (ECOSOC) granted HRNK UN consultative status. North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp served in satellite imagery are more representative in which it is located has been involved through Figure 15). 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony in agricultural activities since at least the Several small villages and military Analysis), it is important to reiterate Forpenitentiaries media inquiries, and prison camps. please David Hawk,contact The Executive Director Greg Scarlatoiu at +1 202.499.7973 or by e-mail at 1950s. Satellite imagery does indicate facilities are located in the general area that North Korean officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established [email protected] for Human Rights in North Korea,. 2012, around the camp. The camp is connected those within the Korean People’s Army prior to May 28, 1970, at which time it www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- to the regional electric power grid via and the internal security organizations, lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes occupied an irregular shaped area that overhead high voltage power transmis- clearly understand the importance of Camp No. 25 this way, measured approximately 577 meters by sion cables that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, It is not structured as a village but is a fenced 315 meters (631 yards by 344 yards) and the substation approximately 1 kilometer and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp encompassed 13.76 hectares (164,568 to the southeast. It is connected to the their operations and intentions.3 [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective It would national rail network via the station at be reasonable to assume that they have living arrangements. The No. 25 [kwan-li-so] houses political prisoners only, while those who friend used to perform the duty of turning over Susŏng-dong, 800 meters to the east done so here. committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air arrested while attempting to cross the border Location and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean upon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, Onsung County, North People’s Air Force’s Sŭngam-ni Air Base, Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. out their families. …North Korean defector XXX 25 kwan-li-so in Chongjin. located 18 kilometers south-southwest. [sic] testified, “Military personnel are sent off to Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human Rights This is a training base, and based on 3 Bermudez Jr., Joseph S., Dinville, Andy and Eley, the Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] if in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute for its mission, organization, and location, Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to D.C.: The Committee for Human Rights in North Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] is for http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. Korea [HRNK], 2015) available at https://www.hrnk. those serving terms of 10 years or longer, but Camp No. 25. org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full- they can return to society once they complete 5 “After the Korean War, it was used as a detention res_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf and Bermudez Jr., Joseph these terms.” It was also testified that the facility for South Korean POWs (Prisoners of 6 HRNK anticipates that we will be able to further S. Imagery Analysis: North Korea’s Camp No. 15, All satelliteNo. 25 kwan-li-so imagery housed in senior this staff document: at the DigitalGlobe,War).” Do Kyung-Ok NextView et al., White Paper License on Human and declassifiedrefine the date of theCIA camps KH-4, establishment KH-7, inand Update, (Washington, D.C.: HRNK, 2014) available KH-4BProvincial imagery. Party, the head of a local MPS office, Rights in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute future updates. Referenced imagery includes: at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20 and other high-ranking officials. North Korean for National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at KH-4B imagery dated May 28, 1970 and KH-9 Update%20Good.pdf. defector XXX [sic] testified that the father of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976.

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