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North Korea's Long-Term Prison-Labor Facility Kyo-Hwa-So

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North Korea's Long-Term Prison-Labor Facility Kyo-Hwa-So H R CH’OMA-BONGMARCHCAMP RESTRICTED 25,NO. 2020 25 AREA H R N K N K North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp No. 25 - Update 2 analysis also supports escapee and other Prisons Bureau of the State Security located on the south bank of the Sol- square yards) and was expanded slightly reports indicating that Camp No. 25’s Department (SSD), which is under the gol-ch’ŏn (i.e., Solgol stream) across from by January 27, 1976, when it measured primary economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters light industry and agriculture. Despite Specifically, it is under the control of the foot and two road bridges connect it. (765 yards by 344 yards) and encom- extensive satellite imagery coverage SSD's North Hamgyong Provincial passed 15.30 hectares (181,987 square The date of establishment of Camp No. 6 of the camp, AllSource is presently Bureau and is located approximately 25 is unclear. One report indicates that yards) (Figure 1, Figure 2). unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- the camp was used as a prisoner-of-war High-resolution satellite imagery from open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, camp housing South Korean soldiers at January 18, 2003, through September prisoner population of 5,000 people. Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is North Korea’s Long-termthe end of thePrison-Labor Korean War.5 This, how- 21, 2015, indicates that the camp has As with the analytical caution presented ever, remains to be verified as it may not expanded during this period and that its in previous reports (such as North 4 It is interesting to note that although the escapee be referring to the present day camp but primary economic activities are centered Korea: Imagery Analysis Camp 16 and descriptions of this facility’s mission matches that rather to an activity in this area. The area on agriculture and light industry (Figure 3 Facility Kyo-hwa-soof other kwan-li-so, the physical characteristics obNo.- 1, Kaech’ŏn North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp served in satellite imagery are more representative in which it is located has been involved through Figure 15). 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony in agricultural activities since at least the Several small villages and military Analysis), it is important to reiterate penitentiaries and prison camps. David Hawk, The 1950s. Satellite imagery does indicate facilities are located in the general area that North Korean officials, especially Hidden Gulag: Second Edition, Washington, D.C.: that Camp No. 25 was established Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, 2012, around the camp. The camp is connected thoseJoseph within the Korean S. People’s Bermudez, Army Jr., Greg Scarlatoiu, priorAmanda to May 28, 1970, Mortwedt at which time it Oh, and Rosa Park www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGu- to the regional electric power grid via and the internal security organizations, lag2_Web_5-18.pdf. Another sources describes occupied an irregular shaped area that overhead high voltage power transmis- clearly understand the importance of Camp No. 25 this way, measured approximately 577 meters by sion cables that run from the camp to implementing camouflage, concealment, It is not structured as a village but is a fenced 315 meters (631 yards by 344 yards) and the substation approximately 1 kilometer and deception (CCD) procedures to mask facility that looks like an ordinary prison camp THE COMMITTEE FOR encompassed 13.76 hectares (164,568 to the southeast. It is connected to the their operations and intentions.3 [kyo-hwa-so] and is designed for collective H R HUMAN RIGHTS It INwould NORTH KOREA national rail network via the station at be reasonable to assume that they have living arrangements. The No. 25 [kwan-li-so] ีዽၨ૟၁원회 houses political prisoners only, while those who friend used to perform the duty of turning over Susŏng-dong, 800 meters to the east done Nso here.K committed economic crimes are not allowed Korean War POWs to South Korea, but he was of the facility (Figure 16). The closest air arrested while attempting to cross the border Location and Organization into the facility. Some inmates are released facility to Camp No. 25 is the Korean upon completion of their term as terms are at the river in Namyang, Onsung County, North People’s Air Force’s Sŭngam-ni Air Base, Camp No. 25 is under the control of the fixed. Political criminals are detained alone with- Hamgyoung Province. He ended up at the No. out their families. …North Korean defector XXX 25 kwan-li-so in Chongjin. located 18 kilometers south-southwest. [sic] testified, “Military personnel are sent off to Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human Rights This is a training base, and based on 3 Bermudez Jr., Joseph S., Dinville, Andy and Eley, the Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] if in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute for its mission, organization, and location, Mike. Imagery Analysis of Camp 16, (Washington, their alleged crimes are of a political nature. The National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at almost certainly provides no support to D.C.: The Committee for Human Rights in North Susong kyo-hwa-so [No. 25 kwan-li-so] is for http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. Korea [HRNK], 2015) available at https://www.hrnk. those serving terms of 10 years or longer, but Camp No. 25. org/uploads/pdfs/ASA_HRNK_Camp16_v8_full- they can return to society once they complete 5 “After the Korean War, it was used as a detention res_FINAL_12_15_15.pdf and Bermudez Jr., Joseph these terms.” It was also testified that the facility for South Korean POWs (Prisoners of 6 HRNK anticipates that we will be able to further S. Imagery Analysis: North Korea’s Camp No. 15, No. 25 kwan-li-so housed senior staff at the War).” Do Kyung-Ok et al., White Paper on Human refine the date of the camps establishment in Update, (Washington, D.C.: HRNK, 2014) available Provincial Party, the head of a local MPS office, Rights in North Korea 2015 (Seoul: Korea Institute future updates. Referenced imagery includes: at http://hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/Camp%2025%20 and other high-ranking officials. North Korean for National Unification, 2015), p. 122, available at KH-4B imagery dated May 28, 1970 and KH-9 Update%20Good.pdf. defector XXX [sic] testified that the father of his http://www.kinu.or.kr/eng/pub/pub_04_01.jsp. (mapping camera) imagery dated January 27, 1976. CopyrightCOPYRIGHT © ©ALLSOURCE 2020 by ANALYSIS, the Committee INC. 2016 for Human Rights in North Korea Copyright © 2020 by DigitalGlobe, NextView License3 H R CH’OMA-BONGKYO-HWA-SOCAMP RESTRICTED ATNO. KAECH’ŎN 25 AREA H R N K N K North Korea: ImageryNORTH KOREA’SAnalysis LONG-TERMof Camp No. 25 - Update 2 PRISON-LABOR FACILITY (KYO-HWA-SO) AT KAECH’ŎN analysis also supports escapee and other SizePrisons of FacilityBureau of (including the State Security labor campslocated and on the provide south bank its citizens of the Sol with- hassquare shown yards) the and expansion was expanded of slightly the reports indicating that Camp No. 25’s trainingDepartment camp): (SSD), which is under the basicgol-ch’ŏn human (i.e., Solgol rights. stream)4 across from DPRK’sby January detention 27, 1976, whenfacilities it measured in some primaryChina economic activity is focused on de facto control of the KWP OGD. the village of Susŏng-dong, to which one approximately 700 meters by 315 meters light industry and agriculture. Despite 107,190Specifically, square it is undermeters the control(128,199 of the foot and two road bridges connect it. cases(765 yards as well by 344 as increasedyards) and encom security- extensive satellite imagery coverage squareSSD's North yards) Hamgyong Provincial The Committee for Human Rights measurespassed 15.30 inside hectares these (181,987 facilities. square The date of establishment of Camp No. 6 of the camp, AllSource is presently 643Bureau meters and is by located 330 approximately meters (703 in25 North is unclear. Korea’s One report (HRNK’s) indicates satel that- yards) (Figure 1, Figure 2). unable to confirm or deny escapee and 7.5 km northwestof the port of Ch’ŏng- yards by 360 yards) litethe imagery camp was analysisused as a prisoner-of-warand former BasedHigh-resolution on research satellite conducted imagery from by open-source reports that the camp has a jin-si in Susŏng-dong, Ch’ŏngjin-si, prisonercamp housing testimony South Korean on the soldiers situa -at HRNK,January five 18, 2003, trends through have September defined prisoner population of 5,000 people. Hamgyŏng-bukto.4 More specifically, it is Background tionthe endinside of the political Korean War.prison5 This, camps how- the21, 2015,human indicates rights that situation the camp underhas As with the analytical caution presented (kwan-li-soever, remains) toand be verifiedre-education as it may not theexpanded Kim Jong-un during this regime: period and1) an that in its- in previous reports (suchSoth as North 4 It is interesting to note that although the escapee be referring to the present day camp but primary economic activities are centered Korea: Imagery AnalysisKorea Camp 16 and In descriptionsFebruary of 2014,this facility’s the mission United matches Na that- throughrather to laboran activity camps in this (kyo-hwa-so area. The area) tensiveon agriculture crackdown and light on industry attempted (Figure 3 of other kwan-li-so, the physical characteristics ob- North Korea: Imagery Analysis of Camp tionsserved Commission in satellite imagery of are Inquiry more representative on continuein which it to is locatedyield new has beeninformation involved defections;through Figure 2) 15).an aggressive purge 14 produced by HRNK and AllSource of the nation’s kyo-hwa-so, or long-term, felony Human Rights in North Korea (UN onin agriculturalthe DPRK’s activities practice since of at leastimpris the- ofSeveral senior small officials, villages andaimed military to consol- Location:Analysis), it is important to reiterate COI)penitentiaries found andthe prison Democratic camps.
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