Test and Evaluation Trends and Costs for Aircraft and Guided Weapons
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Prepared by Textore, Inc. Peter Wood, David Yang, and Roger Cliff November 2020
AIR-TO-AIR MISSILES CAPABILITIES AND DEVELOPMENT IN CHINA Prepared by TextOre, Inc. Peter Wood, David Yang, and Roger Cliff November 2020 Printed in the United States of America by the China Aerospace Studies Institute ISBN 9798574996270 To request additional copies, please direct inquiries to Director, China Aerospace Studies Institute, Air University, 55 Lemay Plaza, Montgomery, AL 36112 All photos licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license, or under the Fair Use Doctrine under Section 107 of the Copyright Act for nonprofit educational and noncommercial use. All other graphics created by or for China Aerospace Studies Institute Cover art is "J-10 fighter jet takes off for patrol mission," China Military Online 9 October 2018. http://eng.chinamil.com.cn/view/2018-10/09/content_9305984_3.htm E-mail: [email protected] Web: http://www.airuniversity.af.mil/CASI https://twitter.com/CASI_Research @CASI_Research https://www.facebook.com/CASI.Research.Org https://www.linkedin.com/company/11049011 Disclaimer The views expressed in this academic research paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the U.S. Government or the Department of Defense. In accordance with Air Force Instruction 51-303, Intellectual Property, Patents, Patent Related Matters, Trademarks and Copyrights; this work is the property of the U.S. Government. Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights Reproduction and printing is subject to the Copyright Act of 1976 and applicable treaties of the United States. This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This publication is provided for noncommercial use only. -
Howard Hughes
Howard Hughes Howard Hughes September 24, 1905 Born Houston, Texas, USA April 5, 1976 (aged 70) Died Houston, Texas, USA Chairman, Hughes Aircraft; Occupation industrialist; aviator; engineer; film producer Net worth US$12.8 bn (1958 Forbes 400) Ella Rice (1925-1929) Spouse Terry Moore (1949-1976) Jean Peters (1957-1971) For the Welsh murderer, see Howard Hughes (murderer). Howard Robard Hughes, Jr. (September 24, 1905 – April 5, 1976) was, in his time, an aviator, engineer, industrialist, film producer and director, a palgrave, a playboy, an eccentric, and one of the wealthiest people in the world. He is famous for setting multiple, world air-speed records, building the Hughes H-1 Racer and H-4 Hercules airplanes, producing the movies Hell's Angels and The Outlaw, owning and expanding TWA, his enormous intellect[1], and for his debilitating eccentric behavior in later life. Early years Hughes was born in Houston, Texas, on 24 September or 24 December 1905. Hughes claimed his birthday was Christmas Eve, although some biographers debate his exact birth date, (according to NNDB.com, it was most likely "the more mundane date of September 24"[2] ). His parents were Allene Stone Gano Hughes (a descendant of Catherine of Valois, Dowager Queen of England, by second husband Owen Tudor) [3][4] and Howard R. Hughes, Sr., who patented the tri-cone roller bit, which 1 allowed rotary drilling for oil in previously inaccessible places. Howard R. Hughes, Sr. founded Hughes Tool Company in 1909 to commercialize this invention. Hughes grew up under the strong influence of his mother, who was obsessed with protecting her son from all germs and diseases. -
Flight Opportunities and Small Spacecraft Technology Program Updates NAC Technology, Innovation and Engineering Committee Meeting | March 19, 2020
Flight Opportunities and Small Spacecraft Technology Program Updates NAC Technology, Innovation and Engineering Committee Meeting | March 19, 2020 Christopher Baker NASA Space Technology Mission Directorate Flight Opportunities and Small Spacecraft Technology Program Executive National Aeronautics and Space Administration 1 CHANGING THE PACE OF SPACE Through Small Spacecraft Technology and Flight Opportunities, Space Tech is pursuing the rapid identification, development, and testing of capabilities that exploit agile spacecraft platforms and responsive launch capabilities to increase the pace of space exploration, discovery, and the expansion of space commerce. National Aeronautics and Space Administration 2 THROUGH SUBORBITAL FLIGHT The Flight Opportunities program facilitates rapid demonstration of promising technologies for space exploration, discovery, and the expansion of space commerce through suborbital testing with industry flight providers LEARN MORE: WWW.NASA.GOV/TECHNOLOGY Photo Credit: Blue Origin National Aeronautics and Space Administration 3 FLIGHT OPPORTUNITIES BY THE NUMBERS Between 2011 and today… In 2019 alone… Supported 195 successful fights Supported 15 successful fights Enabled 676 tests of payloads Enabled 47 tests of payloads 254 technologies in the portfolio 86 technologies in the portfolio 13 active commercial providers 9 active commercial providers National Aeronautics and Space Administration Numbers current as of March 1, 2020 4 TECHNOLOGY TESTED IN SUBORBITAL Lunar Payloads ISS SPACE IS GOING TO EARTH ORBIT, THE MOON, MARS, AND BEYOND Mars 2020 Commercial Critical Space Lunar Payload Exploration Services Solutions National Aeronautics and Space Administration 5 SUBORBITAL INFUSION HIGHLIGHT Commercial Lunar Payload Services Four companies selected as Commercial Lunar Payload Services (CPLS) providers leveraged Flight Opportunities-supported suborbital flights to test technologies that are incorporated into their landers and/or are testing lunar landing technologies under Flight Opportunities for others. -
Pegasus Vectored-Thrust Turbofan Engine
Pegasus Vectored-thrust Turbofan Engine Matador Harrier Sea Harrier AV-8A International Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmark 24 July 1993 International Air Tattoo '93 RAF Fairford The American Society of Mechanical Engineers I MECH E I NTERNATIONAL H ISTORIC M ECHANICAL E NGINEERING L ANDMARK PEGASUS V ECTORED-THRUST T URBOFAN ENGINE 1960 T HE B RISTOL AERO-ENGINES (ROLLS-R OYCE) PEGASUS ENGINE POWERED THE WORLD'S FIRST PRACTICAL VERTICAL/SHORT-TAKEOFF-AND-LANDING JET AIRCRAFT , THE H AWKER P. 1127 K ESTREL. USING FOUR ROTATABLE NOZZLES, ITS THRUST COULD BE DIRECTED DOWNWARD TO LIFT THE AIRCRAFT, REARWARD FOR WINGBORNE FLIGHT, OR IN BETWEEN TO ENABLE TRANSITION BETWEEN THE TWO FLIGHT REGIMES. T HIS ENGINE, SERIAL NUMBER BS 916, WAS PART OF THE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM AND IS THE EARLIEST KNOWN SURVIVOR. PEGASUS ENGINE REMAIN IN PRODUCTION FOR THE H ARRIER II AIRCRAFT. T HE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF M ECHANICAL ENGINEERS T HE INSTITUTION OF M ECHANICAL ENGINEERS 1993 Evolution of the Pegasus Vectored-thrust Engine Introduction cern resulted in a perceived need trol and stability problems associ- The Pegasus vectored for combat runways for takeoff and ated with the transition from hover thrust engine provides the power landing, and which could, if re- to wing-borne flight. for the first operational vertical quired, be dispersed for operation The concepts examined and short takeoff and landing jet from unprepared and concealed and pursued to full-flight demon- aircraft. The Harrier entered ser- sites. Naval interest focused on a stration included "tail sitting" types vice with the Royal Air Force (RAF) similar objective to enable ship- exemplified by the Convair XFY-1 in 1969, followed by the similar borne combat aircraft to operate and mounted jet engines, while oth- AV-8A with the United States Ma- from helicopter-size platforms and ers used jet augmentation by means rine Corps in 1971. -
Differential Throttling and Fluidic Thrust Vectoring in a Linear Aerospike
International Journal of Turbomachinery Propulsion and Power Article Differential Throttling and Fluidic Thrust Vectoring in a Linear Aerospike Michele Ferlauto , Andrea Ferrero * , Matteo Marsicovetere and Roberto Marsilio Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; [email protected] (M.F.); [email protected] (M.M.); [email protected] (R.M.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Aerospike nozzles represent an interesting solution for Single-Stage-To-Orbit or clustered launchers owing to their self-adapting capability, which can lead to better performance compared to classical nozzles. Furthermore, they can provide thrust vectoring in several ways. a simple solution consists of applying differential throttling when multiple combustion chambers are used. An alternative solution is represented by fluidic thrust vectoring, which requires the injection of a secondary flow from a slot. In this work, the flow field in a linear aerospike nozzle was investigated numerically and both differential throttling and fluidic thrust vectoring were studied. The flow field was predicted by solving the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations. The thrust vectoring performance was evaluated in terms of side force generation and axial force reduction. The effectiveness of fluidic thrust vectoring was investigated by changing the mass flow rate of secondary flow and injection location. The results show that the response of the system can be non-monotone with respect to the mass flow rate of the secondary injection. In contrast, differential throttling provides a linear behaviour but it can only be applied to configurations with multiple Citation: Ferlauto, M.; Ferrero, A.; combustion chambers. -
General Assembly Distr.: General 9 September 2014 English Original: Chinese/English/French/ Spanish
United Nations A/69/124/Add.1 General Assembly Distr.: General 9 September 2014 English Original: Chinese/English/French/ Spanish Sixty-ninth session Item 97 of the provisional agenda* General and complete disarmament United Nations Register of Conventional Arms Report of the Secretary-General Addendum** Contents Page II. Information received from Governments............................................ 2 A. Index of information submitted by Governments ................................. 2 B. Reports received from Governments on conventional arms transfers ................. 3 III. Information received from Governments on military holdings and procurement through national production ............................................................. 10 IV. Information received from Governments on international transfers of small arms and light weapons ...................................................................... 19 * A/69/150. ** The information contained in the present addendum was received after the issuance of the main report. 14-60679 (E) 190914 290914 *1460679* A/69/124/Add.1 II. Information received from Governments A. Index of information submitted by Governments Background information International Procurement transfers of Views on the through small arms Register/ Data on Data on Military national and light national State Report received on exports imports holdings production weapons policies 1. Argentina 30 June 2014 nil X X nil X .. 2. Australia 28 August 2014 X nil X X X .. 3. Belgium 17 July 2014 X X X .. .. .. 4. Bosnia and Herzegovina 27 June 2014 X nil .. .. .. .. 5. Brazil 26 August 2014 X X .. .. .. .. 6. Cambodia 2 September 2014 nil nil .. .. .. .. 7. China 28 July 2014 X nil .. .. .. .. 8. Grenada 5 September 2014 nil nil .. .. .. .. 9. Hungary 5 August 2014 X X X .. X .. 10. Republic of Moldova 28 August 2014 nil nil .. .. .. .. 11. Trinidad and Tobago 2 September 2014 . -
Reorganization Strengthened Delco to Deal with a Challenging
reorganization strengthened Delco to deal business that is succeeding. Employee byes are with a challenging competitive environment. disrupted, customer relationships must be pre· making possible new steps toward rightsizing served. shareholders need to be assured and sat· and structural cost reductions, accelerated Isfied even as the need to do daily banlc with technology introduction into GM's North the competitIOn continues. /\merican Operanons, and a realignment of Yet. at each stage in our company's history. International operations to sharpen focus on Hughes has always been a place where people profitable growth accept change as challenge - a company that's been too busy defining the future to be afraid As the fastest growing segment of Hughes of it. We are confident the changes we're mak· Electronics, Telecommunications and Space ing in 1997 will serve to solidify the one con· posted a 33% growth rate in 1996 - with total stant through Hughes' long history - securing revenues of $4.1 billion. Hughes Space and this company's legacy as an industry leader for Communications increased revenues by 21 %, years to come. Hughes Nerwork Systems broke the $1 billion revenue threshold for the first time, while the PanAmSat merger announcement marked a major milestone on the path to a truly global C. Michael Armstrong communications service. DIRECTV in the Chairman of the Board and United States, attained a subscriber base of 2.5 Chief Executive Officer million in early 1997, making it equivalent in size to the nation's seventh largest cable televi sion company. Using technology, talent and investment to lead in markets, to build new businesses, to cre Charles H. -
Cruise Missiles Post World War II
Cruise missiles milestones MILE post STONES World War II Dr Carlo Kopp THE BASIC TECHNOLOGY AND OPERATIONAL CONCEPT OF MODERN CRUISE MISSILES EMERGED DURING THE LATE 1960S, at the peak of the Cold War era. This type of weapon was exemplified by the RGM-109 Tomahawk series, the AGM-86C/D CALCM, the AGM-158 JASSM, and the Russian Kh-55SM Granat. Much less known is the generation of cruise missile technology that supplanted the 1940s era FZG-76/V-1 and its Russian and American clone variants. A good number of the former Soviet weapons of this generation remain in use, some still in production. The aim of all cruise missile designs is to provide a weapon that can strike at a target while not exposing the launch platform to attack by enemy defences, whether the launch platform is an aircraft, surface warship, submarine or ground vehicle. Key parameters in the design of any cruise missile are its standoff range, its accuracy and its survivability against target defences. Increasing standoff range reduces risk to the launch platform while increasing accuracy and survivability reduces the number of launches required to achieve desired effect. The economics of bombardment are simple: the more expensive the weapon employed, the smaller the war stock available for combat at any time, and the longer it takes to replenish this war stock once expended. Northrop SM-62 Snark strategic cruise missile. This enormous 50,000 lb plus GLCM was built to directly attack the Soviet Union from US basing. It introduced the fi rst stellar-inertial guidance system in a cruise missile. -
GAO WEAPONS ACQUISITION Precision Guided Munitions In
United States General Accounting Office GAO Report to Congressional Committees June 1995 WEAPONS ACQUISITION Precision Guided Munitions in Inventory, Production, and Development GAO/NSIAD-95-95 United States General Accounting Office GAO Washington, D.C. 20548 National Security and International Affairs Division B-260458 June 23, 1995 Congressional Committees The military services are spending billions of dollars to acquire new and improved munitions whose technical sophistication allows guidance corrections during their flight to the target. These weapons are referred to as precision guided munitions (PGM). We reviewed Air Force, Navy, and Army munitions programs in inventory, production, and development that could be defined as using precision guidance to attack surface targets.1 Our objectives were to determine (1) the costs and quantities planned for the PGMs, (2) the services rationale for initiating PGM development programs, (3) options available to the services to attack surface targets with PGMs, and (4) the extent to which the services are jointly developing and procuring PGMs. We conducted this work under our basic legislative responsibilities and plan to use this baseline report in planning future work on Defense-wide issues affecting the acquisition and effectiveness of PGMs. We are addressing the report to you because we believe it will be of interest to your committees. PGMs employ various guidance methods to enhance the probability of Background hitting the target. These include target location information from a human designator, global positioning system (GPS) satellites, an inertial navigation system, a terminal seeker on the munition, or a combination of these sources. Since PGMs can correct errors in flight, the services expect to need fewer rounds to achieve the same or higher probabilities of kill as unguided weapons. -
Technical Report
NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL Monterey, California TECHNICAL REPORT “SEA ARCHER” Distributed Aviation Platform by Faculty Members Charles Calvano David Byers Robert Harney Fotis Papoulias John Ciezki Robert Ashton Student Members LT Joe Keller, USN LCDR Rabon Cooke, USN CDR(sel) James Ivey, USN LT Brad Stallings, USN LT Antonios Dalakos, Helenic Navy LT Scot Searles, USN LTjg Orhan Okan, Turkish Navy LTjg Mersin Gokce, Turkish Navy LT Ryan Kuchler, USN LT Pete Lashomb, USN Ivan Ng, Singapore December 2001 Approved for public release, distribution unlimited REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instruction, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188) Washington DC 20503. 1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED December 2001 Technical Report 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE: 5. FUNDING NUMBERS “Sea Archer” Distributed Aviation Platform 6. AUTHOR(S) Charles Calvano, Robert Harney, David Byers, Fotis Papoulias, John Ciezki, LT Joe Keller, LCDR Rabon Cooke, CDR (sel) James Ivey, LT Brad Stallings, LT Scot Searles, LT Ryan Kuchler, Ivan Ng, LTjg Orhan Okan, LTjg Mersin Gokce, LT Antonios Dalakos, LT Pete Lashomb. -
Status of the Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster
The Space Congress® Proceedings 1980 (17th) A New Era In Technology Apr 1st, 8:00 AM Status of The Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster William P. Horton Solid Rocket Booster Engineering Office, George C. Marshall Space Flight Center, Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.erau.edu/space-congress-proceedings Scholarly Commons Citation Horton, William P., "Status of The Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster" (1980). The Space Congress® Proceedings. 3. https://commons.erau.edu/space-congress-proceedings/proceedings-1980-17th/session-1/3 This Event is brought to you for free and open access by the Conferences at Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Space Congress® Proceedings by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STATUS OF THE SPACE SHUTTLE SOLID ROCKET BOOSTER William P. Horton, Chief Engineer Solid Rocket Booster Engineering Office George C. Marshall Space Flight Center, AL 35812 ABSTRACT discuss retrieval and refurbishment plans for Booster reuse, and will address Booster status Two Solid Rocket Boosters provide the primary for multimission use. first stage thrust for the Space Shuttle. These Boosters, the largest and most powerful solid rocket vehicles to meet established man- BOOSTER CONFIGURATION rated design criteria, are unique in that they are also designed to be recovered, refurbished, It is appropriate to review the Booster config and reused. uration before describing the mission profile. The Booster is 150 feet long and is 148 inches The first SRB f s have been stacked on the in diameter (Figure 1), The inert weight Mobile Launch Platform at the Kennedy Space is 186,000 pounds and the propellant weight is Center and are ready to be mated with the approximately 1.1 million pounds for each External Tank and Orbiter in preparation for Booster. -
Federal Register/Vol. 85, No. 239/Friday, December 11, 2020
80060 Federal Register / Vol. 85, No. 239 / Friday, December 11, 2020 / Notices Defense System Launcher political stability, military balance, 2. The highest level of classification of Transporter Units, twenty-five (25) economic and progress in the region. defense articles, components, and radar trucks, spare and repair parts, This proposed sale will improve the services included in this potential sale support and test equipment, recipient’s capability to meet current is CONFIDENTIAL. publications and technical and future threats by providing a 3. If a technologically advanced documentation, personnel training flexible solution to augment existing adversary were to obtain knowledge of and training equipment, U.S. surface and air defenses. The recipient the hardware and software elements, the Government and contractor will be able to employ a highly reliable information could be used to develop representatives’ technical and effective system to counter or deter countermeasures or equivalent systems, assistance, engineering and logistics maritime aggressions, coastal blockades, which might reduce system support services, and other related and amphibious assaults. This effectiveness or be used in the elements of logistics support. capability will easily integrate into development of a system with similar or (iv) Military Department: Navy (TW-P- existing force infrastructure. The advanced capabilities. LHX) recipient will have no difficulty 4. A determination has been made (v) Prior Related Cases, if any: TW-P- absorbing these systems into its armed that the recipient can provide LGV, TW-P-LGN, TW-P-LGL forces. substantially the same degree of (vi) Sales Commission, Fee, etc., Paid, The proposed sale of this equipment protection for the sensitive technology Offered, or Agreed to be Paid: None and support will not alter the basic (vii) Sensitivity of Technology being released as the U.S.