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COP21 Final Report 5.2.16-V2.Indd The Paris Climate Package: A Basic Guide for Local and Subnational Governments May 2016 The Paris Climate Package: A Basic Guide for Local and Subnational Governments 1 Contents 1 Introduction 2 The road towards COP21 – three key processes 3 Local and subnational governments at COP21 in Paris 4 Key outcomes of the 2015 Paris Climate Package 5 Accompanying the implementation of the Paris Climate Package through integrated transformation 6 Outlook Prepared by ICLEI – Local Governments for Sustainability, as focal point of the Local Governments and Municipal Authorities (LGMA) Constituency at the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Supported by: The Urban-LEDS project is funded by the European Union. The views expressed in this publication can in no way be taken to reflect the official opinion of the European Union. Authors: Yunus Arikan, Maryke van Staden, Jen Bogle Designer: Margaret Keener Copyright: © 2016, ICLEI World Secretariat, Bonn, Germany. All rights reserved. All photos © ICLEI e.V. unless stated otherwise. No part of this publication may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means without written permission of ICLEI World Secretariat. This publication must be cited in full as: “The Paris Climate Package: A Basic Guide for Local and Subnational Governments, 2016” Cover photo: “Mike Bloomberg Joins World Leaders Onstage at the Climate Summit for Local Leaders” by Mike Bloomberg is licenced under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 2 The Paris Climate Package: A Basic Guide for Local and Subnational Governments 1 Introduction The Paris Climate Package, including the The Paris Climate Package reflects this position Paris Agreement and its related decisions on by recognizing and committing to engage local implementation, opens a new era of universal, and subnational governments in fast tracking ambitious and inclusive action to tackle climate transformative climate action. This paves the change and cope with its effects. way for local leaders to raise global ambitions, accelerate action and leverage resources unlocked Through the Paris Agreement, national through the new climate regime. Using the Paris governments commit to advance on all aspects Climate Package as a guide, local leaders can shape of climate change and will strive to limit global and sustain the global transition toward low carbon warming to well below two degrees Celsius (°C), and resilient development, slashing greenhouse with the intent to pursue a 1.5-degree target, gas emissions and enhancing local resilience, supported by efforts toward climate neutrality by adaptive capacity and climate impact emergency the middle of the 21st century. preparedness. It is essential that all actors now use the Paris Climate Package as a compass for future action, yet its implications require further unpacking At COP21, the 21st Conference to understand what it means at the local and of the Parties to the United subnational levels. Nations Framework Convention ICLEI – Local Governments for Sustainability (ICLEI) on Climate Change (UNFCCC), has developed this guide for local and subnational Parties reached a historic governments to address four key questions: agreement to combat climate change and to accelerate and 1. The road towards COP21: What intensify actions and investments processes led to the recognition and needed for a sustainable low engagement of local and subnational carbon and resilient future. governments in the Paris Climate Package? The Paris Agreement aims to 2. Local and subnational governments strengthen the global response at COP21 in Paris: How did local to climate change by keeping leaders engage in Paris? a global temperature rise well below 2°C above pre-industrial 3. Key outcomes of the 2015 Paris Climate Package: What does the levels, pursuing efforts to limit Paris Climate Package mean for local the temperature increase to and subnational governments? 1.5 degrees. This will be mainly achieved through Nationally 4. Accompanying the implementation Determined Contributions of the Paris Climate Package (NDCs). through integrated local transformation: What steps should local and subnational governments take to support implementation of the Paris Climate Package? Local and subnational governments – and their communities – are inextricably linked to the causes and effects of climate change and are thus vital to the global response. At COP21 in Paris, local leaders demonstrated they are ready and willing to act, sending a clear message that climate action is not solely a task for nations. The Paris Climate Package: A Basic Guide for Local and Subnational Governments 3 2 The road towards COP21 – three key processes The recognition accorded to local and subnational Community-Scale Greenhouse Gas Emissions governments in the Paris Agreement did not Inventories (GPC) and the carbonn® Climate happen overnight. It is the result of many years Registry. Each of these demonstrates the strong of consistent and determined advocacy by local commitment to climate action among cities and leaders and their networks. regions across the world. Local governments have mobilized at the climate 2.1 Local Government Climate negotiations to highlight their commitments and dedication. Events hosted at the city halls of Roadmap: bottom-up proposals and Mexico City, Durban, Nantes, Warsaw, Lima and initiatives Paris, in advance of and parallel to the annual COPs, generated key ideas and strategies from Launched in 2007 at COP13, the Local Government local and subnational governments that fed into Climate Roadmap1 was an advocacy campaign the UNFCCC processes. This input was presented designed to ensure local and subnational in several key COP fora that mobilized large governments were recognized, engaged and contingents of local leaders, including the 2008 empowered in a new global climate regime. The local government sessions in Poznań, the 2009 process was built upon experiences through Local Government Climate Lounge in Copenhagen, the United States Mayors Climate Protection the 2013 Cities Day in Warsaw and the 2015 Cities Agreement and the Covenant of Mayors in & Regions Pavilion in Paris. Europe, and was inspired by achievements under the Convention on Biodiversity and Rio+20 The decisions related to local and subnational negotiations. governments adopted at COP16 in 2010, COP19 in 2013 and COP21 in 2015 also marked concrete This process yielded a number of key products, achievements in the recognition, engagement including the Copenhagen World Catalogue of and empowerment of local and subnational Local Climate Commitments, Mexico City Pact, governments. Durban Adaptation Charter, Global Protocol for 1 See http://www.iclei.org/climate-roadmap and Annex 1 for further information. 2010 - Launch of the Mexico City Pact 2011 - Launch of the Durban Adaptation Charter 4 The Paris Climate Package: A Basic Guide for Local and Subnational Governments 2.2 ADP Process: dialogue with 2.3 2014 United Nations Climate UNFCCC negotiators Summit: an era of partnerships At the 2011 COP in Durban, nations decided to The 2014 United Nations Climate Summit hosted begin the Ad Hoc Working Group on the Durban by United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki-moon Platform for Enhanced Action, commonly known led to a remarkable evolution in the concept of as ADP. This new process aimed to build a new partnerships among all stakeholders. This was climate regime to be adopted in 2015, reinstate further strengthened by the positive mood spread the process that stalled at the 2009 COP in by the United Nations Climate Change Secretariat Copenhagen and mandate that nations focus on Executive Secretary, Christiana Figures, who raising pre-2020 ambition. ICLEI welcomed the strongly supported a partnership-driven approach. ADP decision as a sign that the time had come to engage local and subnational governments, which The appointment of Michael R. Bloomberg as the was in fact the case. ADP could, in effect, stand for United Nations Special Envoy for Cities and Climate Accelerated Dialogue with Parties with respect to Change, and the constructive spirit among global local and subnational governments. networks of local and subnational governments, opened up new opportunities. These resulted, ICLEI submitted, in February 2012, key suggestions for example, in new global initiatives such as the to UNFCCC to drive the active engagement of local Compact of Mayors and Compact of States and and subnational governments from the beginning Regions, which demonstrate and strengthen the of the ADP process. Between May 2012 and June collective impact of local and subnational climate 2015, a total of 46 speakers from 21 countries, action. equally balanced between the developed and developing world, participated at ADP events. This The launch of the Non-State Actor Zone for Climate included 30 participants representing a city or a Action (NAZCA) Platform by the UNFCCC at COP region, many of whom were political leaders. 20 in Lima provided additional visibility and recognition to the diversity of commitments and Several concrete outcomes of the ADP process actions taken by stakeholders other than national have benefited local and subnational governments, governments. including the first workshop on local governments in 2013 in Warsaw, the Cities and Subnational Finally, the Lima-Paris Action Agenda (LPAA) Forum in June 2014 and the Technical Examination established an inclusive process that engages all Process on Urban Environment in 2014 and 2015. actors in mobilizing short and long term action to Through
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