US 2006O167784A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2006/0167784 A1 Hoffberg (43) Pub. Date: Jul. 27, 2006 (54) GAME THEORETIC PRIORITIZATION Related U.S. Application Data SCHEME FOR MOBILEAD HOC NETWORKS PERMITTING HERARCHAL (60) Provisional application No. 60/609,070, filed on Sep. DEFERENCE 10, 2004. (76) Inventor: Steven M. Hoffberg, West Harrison, Publication Classification NY (US) (51) Int. Cl. G06O 40/00 (2006.01) Correspondence Address: (52) U.S. Cl. ................................................................ T05/37 Steven M. Hoffberg, Esq. (57) ABSTRACT MILDE & HOFFBERG, LLP Suite 460 A method for providing unequal allocation of rights among 10 Bank Street agents while operating according to fair principles, com White Plains, NY 10606 (US) prising assigning a hierarchal rank to each agent; providing a synthetic economic value to a first set of agents at the a high level of the hierarchy; allocating portions of the Syn (21) Appl. No.: 11/005,460 thetic economic value by the first set of agents to a second set of agents at respectively different hierarchal rank than the first set of agents; and conducting an auction amongst agents (22) Filed: Dec. 6, 2004 using the synthetic economic value as the currency. Time Update ("Predict") Measurement Update ("Correct") (1) Project the state ahead (1) Compute the Kalman Gain x = AX-1 + Buk K = P, HT (HP, H+R) (2) Project the error covariance ahead (2) Update estimate with P = AP A+ Q measurement I k Xk = x + K. (Ik- HS) (3) Update the error covariance P (I- KH) P. Initial estimates for X-1 and P-1 Patent Application Publication Jul. 27, 2006 Sheet 1 of 6 US 2006/0167784 A1 Patent Application Publication Jul. 27, 2006 Sheet 2 of 6 US 2006/0167784 A1 O1 O2 HMM with mixture of Gaussians output Fig. 3 A1 A2 O1 O2 B1 B2 input-output HMM Factorial HMM Coupled HMM Fig. 4A Fig. 4B Fig. 4C Patent Application Publication Jul. 27, 2006 Sheet 3 of 6 US 2006/0167784 A1 u-N Time Update Measurement Update ("Predict”) ("Correct") Fig. 5 Time Update ("Predict") Measurement Update ("Correct") (1) Project the state ahead (1) Compute the Kalman Gain * = Axk-1 + Buk K = P, HT (HP, H+R) (2) Project the error covariance ahead (2) Update estimate with P AP. A+ Q measurement / S = X + K. (lk - HX) (3) Update the error covariance P = (1 - KH) P. Initial estimates for X-1 and P-1 Fig. 6 Patent Application Publication Jul. 27, 2006 Sheet 4 of 6 US 2006/0167784 A1 Time Update ("Predict") Measurement Update ("Correct") (1) Project the state ahead (1) Compute the Kalman Gain x = fix. , uk, O) K = P. H. (H.P.H + W.R.V.) (2) Update estimate with (2) Project the error covariance ahead measurement Ik P = AP. A + W.Qk-W". Xk Xk H K (Ik- h(xk y O)) (3) Update the error Covariance P = (1 - KH) P. Initial estimates for X-1 and P Fig. 7 Patent Application Publication Jul. 27, 2006 Sheet 5 of 6 „?Ilossebold„Ilosseoold; DE!¡EE|--|-- Josseoold 9 Patent Application Publication Jul. 27, 2006 Sheet 6 of 6 US 2006/0167784 A1 Proximity 101 (x) w Prospective Conjunction 102 (x) W2 Type of event 103 (x) W3 Type of event and sensed Condition 104. (x) W4 Fig. 9 High Memory dump Unit D Location Codes priority Itinerary string 201 202 203 messages 205 206 204 Event 301 Location 302 Time 303 Source 304 Expiration 305 Reliability 306 Message 307 Fig. 10 US 2006/0167784 A1 Jul. 27, 2006 GAME THEORETIC PRIORITIZATION SCHEME cations and display rendering considered normal. Typically, FOR MOBILEAD HOCNETWORKS PERMITTING both client and server are connected to the Internet through HERARCHAL DEFERENCE Internet Service providers, each having its own router. 0006. It is also known to provide so-called proxy servers FIELD OF THE INVENTION and firewalls, which are automated systems that insulate the 0001. The present invention relates to the field of ad hoc client system from the Internet. Further, so-called Internet network protocols and control architectures. applications and applets are known which provide local intelligence at the client system. Further, it is known to BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION provide a local server within the client system for locally processing a portion of the information. These local servers, 0002. A number of fields of endeavor are relevant to the applications and applets are non-standard, and thus require present invention, and exemplary prior art, incorporated special software to be available locally for execution. herein by reference, are disclosed below. The references disclosed provide a skilled artisan with embodiments of 0007 Thus, the Internet poses a number of advantages elements of the present invention, and the teachings therein for commercial use, including low cost and ubiquitous may be combined and Subcombined in various manners in connectivity. Therefore, it is desirable to employ standard accordance with the present teachings. The topical headings Internet technologies while achieving Sufficient quality com are advisory only, and are not intended to limit the appli munications to effect an efficient transaction. cability of any reference. While some embodiments are 0008. A widely dispersed network of access points may discussed as being preferred, it should be understood that all implement a mobile telecommunications protocol. Such as embodiments discussed, in any portion of this documents, IETF RFC 3344 (Mobile IP, IPv4), or various mobile ad hoc whether stated as having advantages or not, form a part of network (MANET) protocols, 2.5G or 3G cellular, or other the invention and may be combined and/or subcombined in types of protocols. Preferably, the protocol allows the client a consistent manner in accordance with the teachings hereof. to maintain a remote connection while traversing between 0003) Internet various access points. See, U.S. Pub. application No. 20040073642, expressly incorporated herein by reference. 0004 The Internet is structured such various networks Mobile Internet Protocol (Mobile IP or MIP, in this case, v4) are interconnected, with communications effected by is an Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) network layer addressed packets conforming to a common protocol. Based protocol, specified in RFC-3344. It is designed to allow on the packet addressing, information is routed from Source seamless connectivity session maintenance under TCP to destination, often through a set of networks having (Transmission Control Protocol) or other connection ori multiple potential pathways. The communications medium ented transport protocols when a mobile node moves from is shared between all users. Statistically, some proportion of one IP subnet to another. MIPv4 uses two network infra the packets are extraordinarily delayed, or simply lost. structure entities, a Home Agent (HA) and an optional Therefore, protocols involving communications using these Foreign Agent (FA), to deliver packets to the mobile node packets include error detection schemes that request a when it has left its home network. MIPv4 also supports retransmit of required data not received within a time point-of-attachment Care-of Addresses (CoA) if a FA is window. In the even that the network nears capacity or is unavailable. Mobile IP is increasingly being deployed for otherwise Subject to limiting constraint, the incidence of 2.5/3G (2.5 or third generation wireless) provider networks delayed or lost packets increases, thereby increasing and may be deployed in medium and large Enterprise IEEE requests for retransmission and retransmission. Therefore, as 802.11 -based LANs (Local Area Networks) with multiple the network approaches available bandwidth, the load subnets. MIPv4 relies on the use of permanently assigned increases, ultimately leading to failure. In instances where a “home’ IP addresses to help maintain connectivity when a minimum quality of service must be guaranteed, special mobile device connects to a foreign network. On the other Internet technologies are required, to reserve bandwidth or hand, IPsec-based (Internet Protocol Security, a security to specify network pathways. End-to-end quality of service protocol from IETF) VPNs (Virtual Private Networks) use a guarantees, however, may exceed the cost of circuit tunneling scheme in which the outer source IP address is Switched technologies, such as dialup modems, especially based on a CoA at the point-of-attachment and an inner where the high quality needs are intermittent. source IP address assigned for the “home' domain. In 0005 Internet usage typically involves an Internet server, general if either address is changed, such as when the mobile an automated system capable of responding to communica node Switches IP subnets, then a new tunnel is negotiated tions received through the Internet, and often communicat with new keys and several round trip message exchanges. ing with other systems not directly connected to the Internet. The renegotiation of the tunnel interferes with seamless The server typically has relatively large bandwidth to the mobility across wired and wireless IP networks spanning Internet, allowing multiple simultaneous communications multiple IP subnets. sessions, and usually Supports the hypertext transport pro tocol (HTTP), which provides, in conjunction with a so 0009 Market Economy Systems called web browser on a remote client system, a human 0010. In modem retail transactions, predetermined price readable interface which facilitates navigation of various transactions are common, with market transactions, i.e., resources available in the Internet. The client systems are commerce conducted in a setting which allows the transac typically human user interfaces, which employ a browser to tion price to float based on the respective valuation allocated display HTTP “web pages”. The browser typically does not by the buyer(s) and seller(s), often left to specialized fields. provide intelligence. Bandwidth between the client and While interpersonal negotiation is often used to set a transfer Internet is typically relatively small, and various communi price, this price is often different from a transfer price that US 2006/0167784 A1 Jul.