Appendix: Biographical Notes on Labour Mps, Meps and Peers

Home , Austen Albu, Denis MacShane, Dianne Hayter, Joyce Quin, Jo Richardson, New Statesman

Appendix: Biographical Notes on Labour MPs, MEPs and Peers

Abbreviations hp hereditary peer LBLG Leader, British Labour Group LEPLP Leader, European Parliamentary Labour Party LLP Leader of the Labour Party lp life peer MP Member of Parliament MEP Member of the European Parliament (elected since 1979) mep Member of the Commons or Lords delegated to the European Parliament before 1979 PM Prime Minister

Albu, Austen (1903–93) MP 48–74 Archer, Peter (1926–) MP 66–92; lp 92 Ardwick, John (Beavan) (1910–94) lp 70; mep 75–79 Ashton, Joe (1933–) MP 68–01 Attlee, Clement (1883–1967) MP 22–55; LLP 35–55; PM 45–51; hp 55 Balfe, Richard (1944–) MEP 79– Barnes, Michael (1932–) MP 66–74 Barnett, Joel (1923–) MP 64–83; lp 83 Becket, Margaret (1943–) MP 83– Benn, Tony (1925–) MP 50–60, 63–83, 84–01 Berry, Roger (1948–) MP 92– Bevan, Aneurin (1897–1960) MP 29–60 Bevin, Ernest (1881–1951) MP 40–51 Bidwell, Sidney (1917–97) MP 66–92 Blair, Tony (1953–) MP 83–; LLP 94–; PM 97– Boothroyd, Betty (1929–) MP 73–2000; mep 75–77 Bradley, Tom (1926–) MP 62–83 (Lab –81; SDP –83) Brown, George (1914–85) MP 45–70; lp 70 Brown, Gordon (1951–) MP 83– Brown, Ron (1921–) MP 64–83 (Lab –81; SDP –83) Bruce, Donald (1912–) MP 45–50; lp 1974–; mep 75–79 Caborn, Richard (1943–) MEP 79–84; MP 83– Callaghan, James (1912–) MP 45–87; LLP 76–81; PM 76–79; lp 87 Castle, Barbara (1910–) MP 45–79; MEP 79–94; LBLG 79–85; lp 79 Castle, Ted (1907–79) lp 74; mep 75–79 Clinton Davis, Stanley (1928–) MP 70–83; EC 85–88; lp 90 Clwyd, Anne (1937–) MEP 79–84; MP 84– Coates, Ken (1930–) MEP 89–99 (Lab –98;Ind Lab –99) Collins, Ken (1939–) MEP 79–99

209 210 Appendix: Biographical Notes on Labour MPs, MEPs and Peers

Cook, Robin (1946–) MP 83– Corbett, Freda (1900–93) MP 45–74 Corbett, Richard (1955–) MEP 99– Cousins, Frank (1904–86) MP 65–66 Cripps, Sir Stafford (1889–1952) MP 31–50 Crosland, Anthony (1918–77) MP 50–55, 59–77 Crossman, RHS (1907–74) MP 45–74 Cryer, Robert (1934–94) MP 74–83; MEP 84–89; MP 87–94 Cunningham, George (1931–) MP 70–83 (Lab –81; Ind 81; SDP 82–83) Dalton, Hugh (1887–1962) MP 24–31, 35–59; lp 60 Dalyell, Tam (1932–) MP 62–; mep 75–79 De Freitas, Sir Geoffrey (1913–82) MP 45–61, 64–79; mep 75–79 Delargy, Hugh (1908–76) MP 45–76 Dell, Edmund (1921–99) MP 64–79 Diamond, John (1907–) MP 45–51, 57–70; lp 70 Douglas Mann, Bruce (1927–2000) MP 70–82 (Lab –81; Ind –82; SDP –83) Driberg, Tom (1905–76) MP 42–55, 59–74; lp 75 Dunwoody, Gwyneth (1930–) MP 66–70, 83–; mep 75–79 Edelman, Maurice (1911–75) MP 45–75 Edwards, Robert (1905–90) MP 55–87; mep 77–79 Ellis, Tom (1928–) MP 70–83 (Lab –81; SDP –83) Ennals, David (1922–95) MP 64–83; lp 83 Enright, Derek (1935–96) MEP 79–84; MP 91–96 Evans, John (1930–) MP 74–97; lp 97 Faulds, Andrew (1923–2000) MP 66–97 Foley, Maurice (1925–) MP 63–73 Foot, Michael (1913–) MP 45–55, 60–92; LLP 81–83 Foulkes, George (1942–) MP 79– Ford, Glyn (1950–) MEP 84–; LEPLP 89–93 Freeman, John (1915–) MP 45–55 Gaitskell, Dora (1901–89) lp 63 Gaitskell, Hugh (1906–63) MP 45–63; LLP 55–63 Gallagher, Michael (1934–) MEP 79–84 Gardner, Gerald (1900–90) lp 64 Gordon Walker, Patrick (1907–80) MP 45–64, 66–74; lp 74; mep 75–77 Gould, Bryan (1939–) MP 74–79, 83–94 Green, Pauline (1948–) MEP 89–99; LEPLP 93–94; LPES 94–99 Greenwood, Antony (1911–82) MP 46–70; lp 70 Grifﬁths, Winston (1943–) MEP 79–84; MP 83– Gunter, Ray (1909–77) MP 45–72 Hain, Peter (1950–) MP 91– Hale, Leslie (1902–85) MP 45–68; lp 72 Hamilton, Willie (1917–99) MP 50–87; mep 75–79 Harris, John (1930–01) lp 74 Hart, Judith (1924–91) MP 59–87; lp 88 Hattersley, Roy (1932–) MP 64–97; lp 97 Healey, Denis (1917–) MP 52–92; lp 92 Heffer, Eric (1922–91) MP 64–91 Henig, Stanley (1939–) MP 66–70 Appendix: Biographical Notes on Labour MPs, MEPs and Peers 211

Herbison, Margaret (1907–97) MP 45–70 Holland, Stuart (1940–) MP 79–89 Hoon, Geoff (1953–) MEP 84–94; MP 92– Houghton, Douglas (1898–1996) MP 49–74; lp 74 Howell, Denis (1924–98) MP 66–97; lp 97 Hoyle, Doug (1930–) MP 74–79, 81–97; lp 97 Huckﬁeld, Leslie (1942–) MP 67–83; MEP 84–89 Hughes, Cledwyn (1916–2001) MP 51–79; lp 79 Hynd, Harry (1900–85) MP 45–66 Hynd, John (1902–71) MP 44–70 Irvine, Arthur (1909–78) MP 47–78 Jay, Douglas (1907–96) MP 46–83; lp 87 Jenkins, Roy (1920–) MP 48–76 (Lab); 82–83 (SDP); EC 77–80; lp 87 Johnson, Carol (1903–2000) MP 59–74 Jowitt, William (1885–1957) MP 22–24, 29–31, 39–45; hp 45 Kaufman, Gerald (1930–) MP 70– Kerr, Hugh (1945–) MEP 94–99 Key, Brian (1947–) MEP 79–84 Kinnock, Neil (1942–) MP 70–95; LLP 83–92; EC 95– Lansbury, George (1859–1940) MP 10–12, 22–40; LLP 31–35 Lawson, George (1906–78) MP 54–74 Lea, David (1937–) lp 99 Leighton, Ron (1930–94) MP 79–94 Leonard, Dick (1930–) MP 70–74 Lestor, Joan (1931–98) MP 66–83, 87–89; lp 97 Lever, Harold (1914–95) MP 45–79; lp 79 Lipton, Marcus (1900–78) MP 45–78 Livingstone, Ken (1945–) MP 87–2001 Lomas, Alf (1928–) MEP 79–99; LBLG 85–87 Luard, Evan (1926–91) MP 66–70, 74–79 MacDonald, J. Ramsay (1866–1937) MP 06–18, 22–35, 36–37; LLP 10–14, 22–31; PM 24, 29–35 Mackintosh, John (1929–78) MP 66–Feb 74, Oct 74–78 MacLennan, Robert (1936–) MP 66–01 (Lab –81; SDP –88; LD 88–) McNamara, Kevin (1934–) MP 66– MacShane, Dennis (1948–) MP 94– Mandelson, Peter (1953–) MP 92– Marquand, David (1934–) MP 66–77 Marsh, Richard (1928–) MP 59–71; lp 81 Martin, David (1954–) MEP 84–; LBLG 87–88 Mason, Roy (1924–) MP 53–87; lp 87 Mayhew, Christopher (1915–97) MP 45–50, 51–74; (Lab –74; Lib 74–); lp 81 Meacher, Michael (1939–) MP 70– Mellish, Bob (1913–98) MP 46–82 (Lab –82; Ind 82) Mikardo, Ian (1908–93) MP 45–59, 64–87 Millan, Bruce (1927–) MP 59–88; EC 89–95 Mitchell, Austin (1934–) MP 77– 212 Appendix: Biographical Notes on Labour MPs, MEPs and Peers

Mitchell, Richard (Bob) (1927–) MP 66–70, 71–83 (Lab –81; SDP –83) Morris, John (1931–) MP 59– Mulley, Fred (1918–95) MP 50–83; lp 84 Murray, Albert (1930–80) MP 64–70; lp 76; mep 76–79 Newens, Stan (1930–) MP 64–83; MEP 84–99 Oram, Bert (1913–99) MP 55–74; lp 75–99 O’Hallaghan, Michael (1933–99) MP 69–83 (Lab –81; SDP –82; Ind Lab –83) Owen, David (1938–) MP 66–92 (Lab –81; SDP 81–92); lp 92 Padley, Walter (1916–84) MP 50–79 Palmer, Arthur (1912–94) MP 45–50, 52–59, 64–83 Pannell, Charles (1902–80) MP 49–74; lp 74 Peart, Fred (1914–88) MP 45–76; lp 76 Phipps, Colin (1934–) MP 74–79 Prentice, Reg (1923–2001) MP 57–87 (Lab –77; Con –87); lp 92 Prescott, John (1938–) MP 70–; mep 75–79 Price, Christopher (1932–) MP 66–70, 74–83; mep 77–78 Price, William (1934–99) MP 66–79 Primarolo, Dawn (1954–) MP 87– Quin, Joyce (1944–) MEP 79–89; MP 87– Radice, Giles (1936–) MP 73–01 Rees, Merlyn (1920–) MP 63–92; lp 92 Richard, Ivor (1932–) MP 64–74; EC 81–84; lp 90 Robertson, George (1946–) MP 78–99; lp 99 Rodgers, William (1928–) MP 62–83 (Lab –81; SDP –83); lp 92 Roper, John (1935–) MP 70–83 (Lab –81; SDP –83); lp 2000 Rose, Paul (1935–) MP 64–79 Ross, William (1911–88) MP 46–79; lp 79 Seal, Barry (1937–) MEP 79–99; LBLG 88–89 Sedgemore, Brian (1937–) MP 74–79, 83– Shawcross, Christopher (1905–73) MP 45–50 Sheldon, Robert (1923–) MP 64– Shinwell, Emmanuel (1884–1986) MP 22–24, 28–31, 35–70; lp 70 Shore, Peter (1924–) MP 64–97; lp 97 Short, Edward (1912–) MP 51–76; lp 77 Silkin, Sam (1918–88) MP 64–83; lp 85 Silkin, John (1923–87) MP 63–87 Silverman, Sydney (1895–1968) MP 35–68 Skinner, Dennis (1932–) MP 70– Smith, John (1938–94) MP 70–94; LLP 92–94 Snowden, Philip (1864–1937) MP 06–18, 22–31; hp 31 Spearing, Nigel (1930–) MP 70–74, 74–97 Stewart, Michael (1906–90) MP 45–79; mep 75–76; lp 79 Stoddart, David (1926–) MP 70–83; lp 83 Stonehouse, John (1925–88) MP 57–76 Strauss, George (1901–93) MP 29–31, 34–79; lp 79 Straw, Jack (1946–) MP 79– Summerskill, Shirley (1931–) MP 64–83 Appendix: Biographical Notes on Labour MPs, MEPs and Peers 213

Taverne, Dick (1928–) MP 62–74 (Lab –72; Dem. Lab –74); lp 96 Taylor, Sir Teddy (1937–) MP 64–79, 80– Thomson, George (1921–) MP 52–72; EC 73–76; lp 77 Tomlinson, John (1939–) MP 74–79; MEP 84–99; lp 98 Tongue, Carole (1955–) MEP 84–99 Usborne, Henry (1909–96) MP 45–59 Varley, Eric (1932–) MP 64–84; lp 90 Walden, Brian (1932–) MP 64–77 Walston, Harry (1912–91) lp 61; mep 75–79 Williams, Alan Lee (1930–) MP 66–70 Williams, Shirley (1930–) MP 64–79 (Lab), 81–83 (SDP); lp 93 Wilson, Harold (1916–95) MP 45–83; LLP 63–76; PM 64–70, 74–76; lp 83 Wyatt, Woodrow (1918–97) MP 45–55, 59–70; lp 87 Younger, Kenneth (1908–76) MP 45–59 Notes and References

The source of each endnote is indicated, and if appropriate the library or archive where the document quoted is located, together with any reference or ﬁle number. The full titles of books referred to are given in the Bibliography.

Acknowledgements

1. See respectively Contemporary Record, Vol. 7, No. 2 (Autumn 1993), 386–416; Vol. 10, No. 3 (Autumn 1996), 82–105; Contemporary British History, Vol. 11, No. 1 (Spring 1997), 98–122; and Broad and Preston (eds), Moored to the Continent?

Introduction: Socialism and European Unity

1. Attlee, Labour’s Peace Aims (The Labour Party, 1939). 2. Quoted by George Thomson in Europe Left, Vol. 2, No. 5 (July 1971). 3. Articles in Nashe Slovo, 1915–16, quoted in Le Monde Diplomatique, July 1999. 4. See André Maurois on the mutual lack of understanding in 1930 between, on the one side, Ramsay MacDonald and Philip Snowden and, on the other, Léon Blum (Call No Man Happy, p. 193, London, Heinemann, 1943). 5. Tawney, The Western Political Tradition, p. 24. 6. Quoted in New Left Review, No. 47 (January–February 1968). 7. Attlee, The Labour Party in Perspective, p. 200. 8. G.D.H. Cole, Europe, Russia and the Future, pp. 20 and 129.

1 Bevin and the Three Circles

1. HC, Vol. 446, Col. 407–8, 22 January 1948. 2. Statistical Material presented during the Washington Negotiations (London, HMSO, Cmnd. 6707, 1945). 3. Attlee, The Labour Party in Perspective, p. 226. 4. Quoted in Bullock, Ernest Bevin: Foreign Secretary 1945–51, pp. 64–5. 5. Attlee, As It Happened, p. 169. 6. New Statesman, 25 August 1945. 7. See, for example, Crossman in Round Table (October 1971), 586. 8. Kenneth O. Morgan, Labour in Power 1945–51, p. 234.

214 Notes and References 215

9. PRO, CP (46) 186, 3 May 1946; (CAB 128/5), 7 May 1946. 10. PRO, FO 800/493 /PLT/47/8, quoted by Hennessey, p. 335. 11. HC, Vol. 430, col. 9–12, 12 November 1946. 12. EDM 8, 30 January 1947. 13. Castle, Fighting All The Way, p. 159. 14. Crossman (ed.), New Fabian Essays, p. 12. 15. ‘Why I disagree’, Tribune, 20 May 1949. 16. Mackay papers, group 7, file 2, document 13. Undated, but before the Schuman Declaration. 17. NMLH, File 328.51. 18. Interview with Lord Mayhew, 19 November 1990. 19. Jonathan Schneer, ‘Hopes Deferred or Shattered: The British Labour Left and the Third Force Movement, 1945–49’, Journal of Modern History, No. 56 (1984), 2. 20. See Charlton, p. 52. 21. Quoted by Bullock, op. cit., p. 488. 22. Bullock, op. cit., p. 520. 23. Hennessy, Never Again, p. 350. 24. Mikardo, Backbencher, p. 92. 25. LSE, Mackay papers, group 13, folder 1, document 12. 26. LSE, Mackay papers, group 8, file 3, document marked 323388. 27. Bullock, op. cit., p. 486. 28. HC, Vol. 446, col. 407–8, 22 January 1948; also Mayhew, Time to Explain, p. 112. 29. Spaak, The Continuing Battle, p. 143. 30. Spaak, op. cit., p. 145. 31. EDM 33, 16 March 1948. 32. Healey, The Time of My Life, p. 103. 33. LPCR, 1948, pp. 222–31; also NMLH file 328.51. 34. Mackay papers, group 9, file 1, document D. 35. Men of Responsibility; a Memoir (New York: Harper & Row, 1966), quoted by Dell, Schuman Plan, p. 102. 36. Manchester Guardian, 8 May 1948. 37. R. J. Aldrich in Deighton, Building Postwar Europe, p. 159. 38. LPCR, 1948, p. 117. 39. LPCR, 1948, p. 175. 40. Text in Healey, When Shrimps Learn to Whistle, pp. 70–84. 41. Sassoon, p. 170. 42. Interview with Lord Mayhew, 19 November 1990. 43. Quoted by Sir Roderick Barclay in Charlton, The Price of Victory, p. 75. 44. Donoughue and Jones, p. 482. 45. Quoted by Harris, op. cit., p. 315. 46. Quoted by Kitzinger, Diplomacy and Persuasion, p. 225. 47. For the origin of this phrase see Mayne and Pinder, p. 103. 48. The Listener, 13 January 1949, quoted by Shirley Williams in The Common Market: and its Forerunners (Fabian International Bureau, Research Series No. 201, 1958). 49. Interview with Lord Ardwick, 6 March 1990. 50. For the origins of this dictum see Brivati, Hugh Gaitskell, p. 146. 216 Notes and References

2 Into the Breach?

1. Bevan, p. 170. 2. Mackay papers, group 22, ﬁle 2, unnumbered document. 3. Healey, The Challenge of Unity (Canadian Institute of International Affairs, January 1950), NMLH 328.51 4. Charlton, The Price of Victory, p. 86; Hennessy, Never Again, pp. 359–64. 5. Charlton, op. cit., p. 86. 6. See Dell, The Schuman Plan, in particular; also John Young, Morgan and Warner (in Ovendale). 7. Callaghan, Time and Chance, p. 79. 8. See Donoughue and Jones, Herbert Morrison, p. 481. At the end of the ﬁfties Sam Watson, the Durham miners’ leader, was a leading member of the European Movement. 9. Quoted by Warner, in Ovendale, p. 73. 10. Monnet, Memoirs (tr. Mayne), p. 296. 11. Healey, The Time of My Life, pp. 116–17. 12. The full text is printed in Kitzinger, The Second Try. 13. Healey, op. cit., p. 117. 14. LPCR, 1950, p. 166. 15. TUCR, 1950, pp. 400–1. 16. Keeping Left, June 1950, p. 25. 17. Healey, op. cit., p. 76 18. Quoted by Bullock, Ernest Bevin, Vol. III, p. 783. 19. New Statesman, 10 June 1950. 20. New Statesman, 17 June 1950. 21. CAB 128/18, CM(50)52nd, 1 August 1950. 22. Quoted by Antony Lester, Public Law (Spring 1984) 51. 23. HC, Vol. 480, Col. 1503, 13 November 1950. 24. HC, Vol. 473, Col. 324, 28 March 1950. 25. Robins, The Reluctant Party, pp. 18–20. 26. Castle, Fighting All the Way, p. 221. 27. Quoted by Sanders, Losing an Empire, Finding a Role, p. 73. 28. F. Hirsch, M. W. Doyle, Edward L. Morse, Alternatives to Monetary Disorder, p. 49 (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1977), quoted by William Wallace in International Affairs, Vol. 62, No. 3 (1986). 29. New Fabian Essays, p. 30. 30. Essays, op. cit., p. 168. 31. Essays, op. cit., p. 170. 32. Healey, op. cit, p. 115. The ECSC Treaty was signed in Paris. In 1594 Henri of Navarre, hitherto the champion of the Protestant cause in France, con- verted to Catholicism on being offered the crown. ‘Paris vaut bien une messe’, he is reputed to have said. 33. Charlton, op. cit., quoting Bretherton, p. 180. 34. Holland, Uncommon Market, p. 13. 35. See Bullock, p. 784; Dell, p. 5. 36. Hennessy, op. cit., p. 390. 37. Charlton, op. cit., p. 184. Notes and References 217

38. On Messina, see Ellison, Macmillan’s Fear of Little Europe and Threatening Europe; also Kaiser, Ch. 2. 39. EDM 105, 17 July 1956. 40. TUC, Statement of Policy 1956, p. 6. 41. TUC, op. cit., p. 10. 42. HC, Vol. 561, col. 108, 26 November 1956. 43. Bevan, In Place of Fear, pp. 170–1. 44. Attlee, As It Happened, p. 172. 45. World Affairs, No. 246 (Spring 1959), quoted by Mayne and Pinder, p. 153. 46. Harris, Attlee, p. 568. 47. Charlton, op. cit., p. 114. 48. Jenkins, The Labour Case, p. 10.

3 Gaitskell and de Gaulle

1. LPCR, 1962, p. 159. 2. PRO, CAB 129/102, C(60) 107, 13 July 1960. 3. HC, Vol. 627, col. 1120, 25 July 1960. 4. Ibid., col. 1116. 5. Ibid., col. 1191. 6. Commonwealth and Common Market, Fabian Research Series 230, September 1962. 7. Newman, Socialism and European Unity, pp. 164–6. 8. Britain and Europe, Fabian Tract 330, January 1961. 9. Robins, The Reluctant Party, p. 24. 10. See Mayne and Pinder, Federal Union: the Pioneers. 11. A Manifesto Addressed to the Labour Movement, CDS, 1960. 12. On CDS, see ICBH witness seminar recorded in Contemporary Record, Vol. 7, No. 2 (Autumn 1993) 417–64. 13. HC, Vol. 643, col. 519, 28 June 1961. 14. NMLH, 240 15. LCPR, 1961, pp. 213–14. 16. LPCR, pp. 215–16. 17. LPCR, p. 211. 18. Newsbrief, No. 1, November 1961. 19. See some issues of Newsbrief and other LCMC material on Primary Source Media. 20. This writer. 21. Fabian Tract 336, April 1962. 22. But linguistic ability was no guide to political attitudes: compare Gaitskell’s competent German, Healey’s ability in German, French and Italian, and Barbara Castle’s capable French and German with Jenkins’ hesitant French when he became President of the European Commission in 1976. 23. Quoted by Brivati, Hugh Gaitskell, pp. 404, 412, and Williams, Hugh Gaitskell, p. 708. 218 Notes and References

24. Daily Telegraph, 9 May 1962, quoted by Philip Williams, op. cit., p. 719, note 58b. 25. The Observer, 9 September 1961. 26. Newsbrief, October 1961. 27. Brivati, op. cit., p. 411. 28. Austen Albu: unpublished memoir. 29. LCPR, 1962, pp. 154–65. 30. Williams, op. cit., p. 736 and notes 155a and 155b; and Brivati, op. cit., p. 414. 31. Nairn, p. 39. 32. Brivati, op. cit., p. 3. 33. ‘Great Britain has lost an empire and not yet found a role. . . . The attempt to play a separate power role, that is, apart from Europe, a role based primarily on a “special relationship” with the United States, a role based on being head of the Commonwealth . . . is about played out’. In Vital Speeches of the Day, No. 6, 1 January 1963, pp. 162–3. Quoted in James Chase, Acheson (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1998), p. 406. 34. Charles de Gaulle: ‘Si l’Angleterre a un jour à choisir entre l’Europe et le grand large, elle choisira toujours le grand large’: 24 January 1963. Discours et Messages (Paris: Plon, 1970).

4 The Second Try

1. HC, Vol. 735, Col. 1540, 10 November 1966. 2. Europe Left, 1, Spring 1963. 3. This writer. 4. Encounter, Vol. XX, No. 2, February 1963, p. 44. 5. HC, Vol. 706, Col. 1003, 16 February 1965. 6. HC, Vol. 717, Col. 1043, 2 August 1965. 7. HC, op. cit., Col. 1271, 3 August 1965. 8. PRO, PREM13/904. 9. Interview with Gwyn Morgan, 5 June 1990. 10. Quoted by Ziegler, Wilson, p. 192. 11. Dickie, Inside the Foreign Ofﬁce, p. 98. 12. Benn, Diaries 1963–67, 14 January 1965, p. 204. 13. Benn, op. cit., p. 254. 14. The parliamentary references for the matter are: HC, Vol. 704, Col. 1052; Vol. 706, Col. 194; Vol. 711, Col. 1556; Vol. 722, Col. 235. 15. Lord Lester of Herne Hill, Public Law (Summer 1998). 16. PRO: FO371/184367, FO371/184368, FO371/184369, FO 371/190591 and WUC 1735/43. 17. Lester, op. cit. 18. Lester, op. cit. 19. Lester, Scarman Lecture, 4 December 1990. 20. Lester, Public Law (Spring 1984). 21. The Times, 19 March 1966. 22. Jay, Change and Fortune, p. 335. 23. See Kitzinger, The Second Try, Introduction for further details. Notes and References 219

24. Sassoon, One Hundred Years of Socialism, p. 343. 25. Dell, A Strange Eventful History, p. 535. 26. Shore, Leading the Left, p. 99. 27. Jay, op. cit., pp. 367–8. 28. Wilson, The Labour Government 1964–70, Chapters 18, 19 and 20. For an analysis of the tactical play in hand see Wolfram Kaiser in Broad and Preston (eds), Moored to the Continent? 29. Brown, In My Way, pp. 209–11. 30. Brandt, p. 420. 31. Council of Europe, 23 January 1967. 32. See paper by John W. Young at ICBH seminar on ‘The Second Try’, 13 January 2000. 33. Pickles, Britain and Europe: How much has changed?, pp. 42–5. 34. At ICBH seminar on ‘Britain and Europe since 1945’, 25–26 March 1987. 35. Crossman, 22 and 23 October 1966, pp. 81–8. 36. Castle, Diaries 1964–70, 18 July 1966, p. 148. 37. Pimlott, Wilson, pp. 408–32, et al. 38. When the British party visited Luxembourg on 8 March the union ﬂag, with prescient irony, was ﬂying upside down – a signal of distress (author’s witness). 39. Interview with Stan Newens, 14 March 2000. 40. When it came to the 28 October 1971 vote, of the 20 still in the Commons, ten voted ‘no’, eight ‘yes’, and Edwards and Delargy abstained. (See Ch. 5) 41. Kitzinger in The Second Try lists them almost in full; see also Jay’s articles in The Guardian, 20 and 21 September 1967. 42. Newman, Socialism and European Unity, p. 217. 43. Robins, The Reluctant Party, p. 4. 44. The Castle Diaries 1964–70, p. 181 and p. 247. 45. Healey, The Time of My Life, p. 211. 46. Crossman, Diaries, Vol. 2, p. 336. 47. Crossman, op. cit., p. 334. 48. Gordon Walker, Political Diaries 1932–71, pp. 312–13, 30 April 1967. 49. Benn, Diaries, 1963–67, 30 April 1967, p. 496. 50. Jay, Change and Fortune, pp. 365–6. 51. Crossman, Diaries, Vol. 2, 1 May 1967, p. 337. 52. See Pimlott, Harold Wilson, pp. 432–44 et al. 53. Cole, As It Seemed To Me, p. 95. 54. Letter in New Statesman, 21 August 1970. 55. See Kitzinger, Diplomacy, pp. 276–330, Robins pp. 45–75, Newman pp. 183–219 for details of the negotiations and internal manouevres. 56. See Castle and Crossman diaries, various dates. 57. ICBH seminar, 12 June 1990; see Contemporary Record, Vol. 7 (1993), 393. 58. See Kitzinger, The Second Try, pp. 234–44; Robins, p. 107. It was Bruce Douglas Mann, who later joined the SPD. 59. Young, John, Britain and European Unity 1945–92, p. 99. 60. Crossman, Diaries, Vol. 2, 9 November 1966, p. 116. 61. See Chapter 3, note 34. 62. Jay, After the Common Market, pp. 125–6. 63. For Wilson’s account see Wilson, op. cit., pp. 610–11. 220 Notes and References

64. Jay, op. cit., pp. 431–3. 65. LPCR, 1969, p. 310. 66. LPCR, 1969, p. 313.

5 ‘No Entry on Tory Terms’

1. Round Table, October 1971, 586. 2. Britain and the European Communities: an Economic Assessment (Cmnd. 4289), 1970. 3. Speech at London University on 23 February 1970. 4. Crossman, Diaries, Vol. 3, p. 812. 5. Owen, Time to Decide, p. 162. 6. New Statesman, 7 August 1970. 7. New Statesman, 17 April 1970. 8. Tribune Group minutes, Jo Richardson papers, NMLH. 9. For a guide to this evolution see the table in Robins, p. 4. 10. LPCR, 1970, p. 200. 11. Benn, Diaries, 14 May 1971 p. 344. 12. Castle, Fighting All the Way, p. 446. 13. The Labour Case against entry into the Common Market (Labour Common Market Safeguards Committee, September 1971). 14. EDM 225, 21 January 1971; Tribune Group minutes, 1 March 1970: Jo Richardson papers, NMLH. 15. Jenkins, A Life at the Centre, p. 318. 16. Owen, Time to Decide, p. 175. 17. Interview with Ernest Wistrich, 16 February 2000. 18. Healey, The Time of My Life, p. 359. 19. Daily Mirror, 26 May 1971. 20. Kitzinger, Diplomacy and Persuasion, p. 302. 21. Jenkins, op. cit., p. 316; 22. Jenkins, op. cit., p. 320. 23. The Observer, 27 June 1971. 24. Healey, The Time of My Life, p. 359. 25. Morgan, Callaghan, p. 252. 26. Morgan, op. cit., p. 395. 27. Daily Mirror, 16 July 1971. 28. The Times, 16 July 1971. 29. Dell, A Strange Eventful History, p. 416. 30. The Common Market – Why we should keep out (London Cooperative Political Committee, 1970). 31. Round Table, October 1971, p. 586. 32. Jenkins, op. cit., p. 320. 33. Pimlott, Harold Wilson, p. 582. 34. For Thomson’s explanation of his view see Contemporary Record, Vol. 7 (1993), 395. 35. Tribune Group minutes for 26 July 1971, Richardson papers, NMLH. 36. Speech to Franco–British Chamber of Commerce, 5 May 1970; the words are attributed to his political aide Douglas Hurd. Notes and References 221

37. LPCR, 1971, p. 121. 38. Kitzinger, op. cit., p. 329. 39. Financial Times, 22 October 1971. 40. Hattersley, Who Goes Home?, p. 106. 41. Nairn, The Left Against Europe, p. 74n. 42. Kitzinger, op. cit., pp. 400–5. 43. Jenkins, op. cit., p. 329. 44. Sunday Times, 31 October 1971. 45. Jenkins, op. cit., p. 337. 46. Quoted by Hoggart and Leigh, Michael Foot, p. 163.

6 Staying or Going?

1. Speech on 11 March 1972, quoted in A Life at the Centre, p. 339. 2. Jenkins, A Life at the Centre, p. 338. 3. Interview with Michael Barnes, 18 December 1990. 4. Healey, The Time of My Life, p. 360. 5. The Times, 17 January 1972. 6. The Times, 14 February 1972. 7. Mervyn Jones, Michael Foot, pp. 302, 329, 335. 8. The Guardian, 27 January 1972. 9. Jenkins, A Life at the Centre, pp. 340–1. 10. The Times, 11 April 1972. 11. Hattersley, Who Goes Home?, p. 109. 12. Quoted by David Watt, Financial Times, 13 April 1972. 13. Roger Jowell and Gerard Hoinville, The Guardian, 19 April 1972. 14. Discussion on 13 January 2000 with Keith Kyle, then a prospective candidate who took this view. 15. Written by Colin Sweet and published in mid-1972 by Trade Unions Against the Common Market. 16. LPCR, 1972, p. 206. 17. LCPR, p. 207. 18. LCPR, p. 212. 19. LCPR, appendix, p. 383. 20. Wilson, Final Term, p. 51. 21. Fabian Tract 425, Europe: the Way Back (October 1973). 22. Nairn, The Left Against Europe, p. 37. 23. Nairn, op. cit., p. 48. 24. Callaghan, Time and Chance, p. 303. 25. Hattersley, Fifty Years On, p. 230. 26. Hatﬁeld, The House the Left Built, p. 244; Cole, As It Seemed To Me, p. 125. 27. Castle, Diaries, p. 68, 4 April 1974, and p. 107, 9 June 1974. 28. ICBH seminar, 5 June 1975. See British Contemporary History, Vol. 10 (1996), 89. 29. Callaghan, p. 306. 30. Butler and Kitzinger, The 1975 Referendum, p. 34. 31. LPCR, 1974, pp. 249–60. 222 Notes and References

32. Benn, Against the Tide, 29 November 1974, p. 277; Castle, Diaries, 29 November 1974, p. 241. 33. The Times, 11 December 1974.

7 The Public’s Opinion

1. Callaghan, Time and Chance, p. 309. Quoted by Benn as ‘a little life raft which we’ll be glad of’: Diaries 1968–72, p. 316. 2. Benn, Diaries, pp. 288–90. 3. Jenkins, A Life at the Centre, p. 492. 4. Morgan, Callaghan, p. 428. 5. Wilson, Final Term, pp. 103–9; see also Callaghan, pp. 324–6.; Benn, Against the Tide, pp. 341–56; Castle, Diaries, pp. 340–8; Jenkins, Centre, pp. 403–4. 6. Pimlott, Harold Wilson, p. 658. 7. Haines, The Politics of Power, p. 14. 8. Wilson, Final Term, p. 106. 9. Butler and Kitzinger, The 1975 Referendum, p. 52. 10. ‘Document’ programme, BBC Radio 4, 3 February 2000. 11. LP, Special Conference Report 1975, pp. 113–14. 12. Robert Worcestor at ICBH seminar, 5 June 1975. See ‘The 1975 British Referendum on Europe’, Contemporary British History, Vol. 10, No. 3 (1996), 87. 13. Benn, Against the Tide, p. 285, 17 December 1974. 14. Butler and Kitzinger, op. cit., p. 105. 15. Interview with John Mills, 9 December 1999. 16. Hattersley, Who Goes Home?, p. 158. 17. The Guardian, 13 March 1975. 18. Falkender, Downing Street in Perspective, p. 182. 19. ICBH, note 12, supra: Sean Stephen, 87–8. 20. Final Term, p. 107. 21. Jowell and Hoinville, Britain into Europe, p. 17. 22. Butler and Kitzinger, op. cit., pp. 263–9. 23. Butler and Kitzinger, op. cit., pp. 272, quoting The Economist of 14 June 1975. 24. Martin Collins, in Jowell and Hoinville, op. cit., p. 103. 25. Tribune, 20 June 1975. 26. Butler and Kitzinger, op. cit., p. 271. 27. Castle, op. cit., p. 305. 28. TUCR, 1974, p. 492. 29. Cmnd. 6251. 30. Butler and Kitzinger, op. cit., p. 86 and p. 110. 31. ICBH, note 12, supra, 82–105. 32. Butler and Kitzinger, op. cit., p. 59. 33. Jay, Change and Fortune, p. 489. He quotes Evans, pp. 101–2, who claims that the Commission spent £1m annually on information in or for Britain in the sixties and that in 1975 the Commission’s budget for information was £7m. In fact the EC information budget for all countries in 1970 was £916 000 and in 1975 was £3m: see Journal Ofﬁciel des Communautés Notes and References 223

Européennes, L60, 16 mars 1970, and Official Journal of the European Communities, L66, 15 March 1976. Evans’ figure for the UK is exaggerated by ten to 15 times, according to the year. 34. On broadcasting, see Anthony Smith in Butler and Kitzinger, op. cit., pp. 190–213. 35. See Butler and Kitzinger, op. cit., p. 256; Goodhart, p. 152. 36. ICBH, note 12, supra, 102. 37. Interview with Alf Lomas, 30 March 2000. 38. Hatfield, op. cit., p. 247. 39. Butler and Kitzinger, op. cit., p. 280.

8 Not Taking Yes for an Answer

1. The Times, 7 June 1975. 2. Crosland, Tony Crosland, p. 293. 3. Quoted by Wilson, Final Term, p. 109. 4. The Times, 7 June 1975. 5. Wilson, op. cit., p. 109. 6. Pimlott, Wilson, p. 654. 7. Harris, Owen, p. 106. 8. Cole, As It Seemed To Me, p. 126. 9. ICBH seminar, 12 June 1990; see Contemporary Record, Vol. 7 (1993), 397. 10. Cole, op. cit., p. 127. 11. The Times, 7 June 1975. 12. Castle, Fighting All the Way, p. 477. 13. Jenkins, A Life at the Centre, p. 418. 14. The Guardian, 7 June 1975. 15. Cole, op. cit., p. 126. 16. Financial Times, 6 June 1975. 17. Labour Weekly, 10 June 1977. 18. BLG Report, 1977–78. 19. See Kevin Featherstone, p. 82, in Herman and van Schendelen. 20. EEC Treaty 108, 3; ECSC Treaty 21, 3. 21. Benn, Against the Tide, p. 282 summary note. 22. Castle, Diaries, p. 436, 26 June 1975. 23. TUCR, 1975, p. 492. 24. Benn, op. cit.,18 March 1975, p. 343. 25. Benn, op. cit., 24 November 1975, p. 465. 26. Castle, op. cit., p. 650, 12 February 1976. 27. Cmnd. 6399. 28. HC papers 489 and 462–1–1x, 15 June; HC papers 515 and 515-I, 3 August; see also HC paper 715, 9 November 1976. 29. See EC Bulletin, 12–1974, p. 8. 30. See Giddings and Drewry. 31. LPCR, 1976, pp. 241–55, and annexe pp. 369–71. 32. For an analysis of the AES see John Callaghan, ‘Rise and Fall of the Alternative Economic Strategy: From Internationalism of Capital to 224 Notes and References

“Globalisation” ’, Contemporary British History, Vol. 14, No. 3 (Autumn 2000), 105–31. 33. David Coates, Labour in Power?, p. 254. 34. Holland, The Socialist Challenge, p. 133. 35. See Chapter 6, text and note 22. 36. Callaghan, Time and Chance, pp. 455–6. 37. Steel, The Observer, 8 April 1979. 38. Mayhew, Time to Explain, p. 208. 39. Interview with Lord Mayhew, 19 November 1990. 40. Cmnd. 6708. 41. Quoted by Butler and Marquand, European Elections and British Politics, p. 48. 42. Benn, op. cit., 7 July 1977, p. 188. 43. For an assessment of Britain’s role in the EC see Théo Junker in Broad and Preston. 44. Benn, op. cit., 29 July 1977, p. 205. 45. Owen, Time to Declare, pp. 330–1. On p. 177 he criticised Roy Jenkins as having been a ‘closet federalist’, and continued: ‘The dubious tactic of the federalists throughout was to deny that they wanted a single Executive European President, a European Cabinet or unauthoritative European Parliament but to quietly push in that direction over a whole series of small decisions. In this sense the anti-Europeans were right – there was a secret agenda. Yet many of the pro-Europeans were, like me, deeply suspicious of a federal Europe.’ 46. Jenkins, op. cit., p. 463. 47. Jenkins, op. cit., p. 469. 48. Healey, The Time of My Life, pp. 438–40. 49. Callaghan, Time and Chance, p. 493. 50. LPCR, 1978, p.308. 51. TUCR, 1978, p. 312. 52. Confed document PS/CE/40/77. 53. Published as Labour Party document B/078/11/78. 54. Financial Times, 25 January 1979. 55. Butler and Marquand, op. cit., p. 51. 56. Daily Telegraph, 14 March 1979. 57. Butler and Marquand, op. cit., p. 64. 58. Alan Osborn, Daily Telegraph, 24 May 1979.

9 Withdrawal Pains

1. LPCR, 1980, p. 130. 2. LCPR, 1979, p. 324. 3. LCPR, 1979, p. 331. 4. Confederation of Socialist Parties in the European Community. In other languages terms implying closer association were used, viz. Union in French and Bund in German. 5. Benn, The End of an Era, 1 October 1980, p. 31. 6. Hattersley, Who Goes Home?, p. 227. Notes and References 225

7. Crewe and King, SDP, p. 74. 8. Peter Rose, then political correspodent for The Sun, conﬁrmed this from talks with potential defectors in summer 1980. 9. Crewe and King, op. cit., pp. 106–7. 10. LCE ﬁles in HM 240, NMLH. 11. Information from Peter Stephenson and Jim Cattermole. 12. Interview with Lord Hattersley, 5 March 2000. 13. Seyd, The Rise and Fall of the Labour Left, p. 40. 14. LPCR, 1980, p. 130. 15. Withdrawal from the EEC (Labour Party, 1981). 16. LPCR, 1981, p. 245. 17. LP papers, RD 1174/December 1981 and ID/1981–82/39. 18. LP papers, RD 2152/March 1982 and ID/1981–82/94. 19. New Socialist, ‘Socialist Europe’, No. 3 (January–February 1982). 20. New Socialist, op. cit. 21. New Statesman, 19 February 1982. 22. The Common Market: a Guide to Withdrawal (LCMSC, 1982). 23. Bob Rowthorn and John Grahl, ‘Europe or Bust’, New Socialist, No. 5 (May–June 1982). 24. Francis Cripps and Terry Ward, ‘Labour and the Economy’, New Socialist, No. 6 (July–August 1982). 25. John Palmer, ‘Common People, not Common Market’, New Socialist, No. 9 (January–February 1983). 26. For an analysis of the AES see John Callaghan, ‘Rise and Fall of the Alternative Economic Strategy: From Internationalism of Capital to “Globalisation” ’, Contemporary British History, Vol. 14, No. 3 (Autumn 2000), 105–31. 27. Sassoon, One Hundred Years of Socialism, p. 695. 28. Castle, Fighting All the Way, p. 532. 29. Castle, op. cit. 30. New Statesman, 17 and 24 September, 1 and 8 October 1982. 31. Castle, op. cit., p. 533. 32. Benn, The End of an Era, 25 September 1982, p. 242. 33. New Statesman, 8 October 1982. 34. For manifesto text, New Hope for Britain, see F.W.S. Craig. 35. John Grahl and Paul Teague, ‘The British Labour Party and the EEC’, PQ, Vol. 58 (1988), 74.

10 Osmosis

1. TUC Annual Report 1988, p. 570. 2. LPCR, 1983, annexe. 3. Interview with Richard Balfe, 2 March 2000. 4. Kinnock, A Summary of Views (London: The Labour Party, 1983). 5. Kinnock, ‘Which Way Should Labour Go?’, PQ, Vol. 51 (1980) 411–13. 6. Kinnock, ‘New Deal for Europe’, in Curran, p. 240; and in New Socialist, No. 16 (March–April 1984). 7. Radice, Offshore, p. 166. 226 Notes and References

8. ICBH seminar, December 1993, Contemporary Record, Vol. 8 (1994) 536. 9. Interview on ‘This Week’, Thames TV; reported in The Guardian, 3 April 1992. 10. LP papers: RD 2939/Feb.1984. 11. Interview with Joyce Quin, 21 March 2000. 12. Radice, op. cit., p. 167. 13. LCPR, 1987, p. 113. 14. Teague and Grahl, Industrial Relations and European Integration, p. 196. 15. For overall accounts of British union attitudes see Teague and Grahl; also Ben Rosamund, in Baker and Seawright. 16. Denis MacShane, ‘The Trade Unions and Europe’, PQ, Vol. 62 (1991) 352. 17. Grahl and Teague, ‘The British Labour Party and the European Community’, PQ, op. cit., 74. 18. Interview with Roy Grantham, 29 May 2000. 19. Information from Edward Barber, 23 May 2000. 20. See Denis MacShane, French Lessons for Labour?, Fabian Tract No. 512, 1986. 21. Interview with Lord Lea of Crondall, 15 March 2000. 22. Information from Ken Munro, 21 May 2000. 23. Grant, p. 154 et seq. 24. Commission White Paper, ‘Completing the Internal Market’. 25. David Buchan, ‘The Constraints of the European Community’, PQ, Vol. 62 (1991) 186. 26. David Judge, ‘Incomplete Sovereignty: the British House of Commons and the Completion of the Internal Market of the European Communities’, Parliamentary Affairs, Vol. 41, No. 4 (1988) 448. 27. See, for example, The Guardian, 12 June 1986. 28. HC, Vol. 100, col. 543, 26 June 1986. 29. D. Judge, op. cit., p. 453. 30. Shore, HC, Vol. 100, col. 937, 29 June 1986. 31. Interview with Lord Hattersley, 4 April 2000. 32. Interview with Lord Clinton-Davis, 6 April 2000. 33. Benn, p. 545, 25 May 1988. 34. Hattersley, op. cit. 35. Published as Morell, ‘Beyond One-Nation Socialism’, PQ, Vol. 59 (1988) 300–10. 36. Wainwright, Labour: the Tale of Two Parties, p. 265. 37. Bringing Common Sense to the Common Market: a Left Agenda for Europe, Fabian Tract 525, March 1988. 38. Interview with Ken Collins, 3 May 2000. 39. Ross, Jacques Delors, p. 43. 40. TUCR, 1988, p. 368. 41. TUCR, p. 370. 42. Lea, op. cit. 43. TUCR, 1988, p. 372. 44. Financial Times, 9 September 1988. 45. Denis MacShane, PQ, ‘Europe’s Next Challenge to British Politics’, Vol. 66 (1995) 31. 46. LPCR, 1988, p. 157. 47. Clive Jenkins, All Against the Collar, p. 130. Notes and References 227

48. LPCR, 1988, p. 131. 49. Interview with Lord Tomlinson, 2 March 2000. 50. Interview with Carole Tongue, 28 February 2000. 51. Ben Rosamund, in Baker and Seawright, p. 143, quoting European Labour Forum, Winter 1990–91.

11 Making the Change

1. Quoted in: ‘Labour Parliamentarians and European Integration’ Survey, ESRC/Nottingham Trent University, 1995–96: ‘A “Rosy” Map of Europe?’, in Baker and Seawright, pp. 57–87. Also Baker et al. in ‘Labour and Europe: a Survey of MPs and MEPs’, PQ, Vol. 67 (1996) 354. 2. Quoted by Peter Brown Pappamikail, in Baker and Seawright, p. 209. 3. William B. Messmer, ‘The Labour Party and its MEPs: a Changing Relationship’ ([email protected], 2000), quoting Dianne Hayter. 4. The Independent, 29 April 1989, quoted by Smith and Spear, p. 173. 5. Rentoul, Tony Blair, p. 220. 6. New Socialist, February–March 1990. 7. Interview with Lord Hattersley, 4 April 2000. 8. Labour Party document, GS:6/11/90, 29 November 1990. 9. Rentoul, op. cit., p. 221. 10. Speech at the Royal Institute of International Affairs, 29 January 1991. 11. NEC statement of 30 October 1991. 12. David Buchan, ‘The Constraints of the European Community’, PQ, Vol. 62 (1991) 189. 13. Financial Times, 19 June 1990. 14. Stephen Tindale, ‘Learning to Love the Market: Labour and the European Community’, PQ, Vol. 63 (1992) 282. 15. Seyd and Whiteley, pp. 32–3. 16. Seyd and Whiteley, op. cit., pp. 47, 125 et al. 17. Nigel Williamson, ‘Euro-phoria Rules UK?’, New Socialist, June–July 1989. 18. HC, Vol. 174, col. 592–602, 15 June 1990. 19. The Independent, 23 October 1990. 20. Letter in The Times, 5 December 1990. 21. The Independent, 23 October 1990. 22. The Economist, 2 June 1990. 23. HC, EDM 193, 19 November 1991. 24. See Chapter 10 text and note 33. 25. Michael Barratt Brown, European Union: Fortress Europe or Democracy?, p. 55. 26. Shortly before his death Smith told Scottish Labour MEPs that: ‘The Conservative Party has become afﬂicted with the same virus as afﬂicted the Labour Party in the early eighties. The only thing you can do with a virus is to go into a darkened room and wait for it to go away. It is for the Labour Party to take advantage of the Conservatives’ virus.’ Recounted by Ken Collins, 3 May 2000. 27. The Guardian, 3 April 1992. 28. Tribune, 22 May 1992. 29. The Guardian, 25 June 1992. 228 Notes and References

30. Shore, Leading the Left, p. 185. 31. MORI poll reported in The Times, 7 December 1991. 32. R.K. Alderton and Neil Carter, ‘The Labour Party Leadership and Deputy Leadership Election of 1992’, PQ, Vol. 46 (1993) 58. 33. LCPR, 1992, annexe, shows the voting breakdown. 34. LPCR, 1992, p. 39. 35. Geddes, Britain and the European Community, p. 79. 36. Corbett, The European Parliament’s Role in Closer EU Integration, p. 76. 37. LPCR, 1991, constitutional amendments, pp. vii–xiii. 38. For an analysis of this see Westlake, Britain’s Emerging Euro-Elite?, i.a., pp. 79, 83, 136, 270; also Corbett, op. cit., p. 69. 39. See Butler and Westlake, British Politics and European Elections 1994, pp. 126–34. 40. HC, Vol. 240, col. 134, 22 March 1994. 41. Rentoul, op. cit., p. 425. 42. The Guardian, 10 January 1994. 43. The Guardian, 12 January 1995. 44. Messmer, op. cit. 45. LESC Bulletin, 72 (1995). 46. Rentoul, op. cit., p. 83. 47. Rentoul, op. cit., p. 134. 48. Hugo Young, p. 481. 49. Young, op. cit., p. 483. 50. Sunday Telegraph, 11 December 1994. 51. See note 1 above. 52. In May 2000 the Labour Movement for Europe listed as supporters 127 MPs, 39 peers and 14 MEPs. The Labour Euro Safeguards Campaign mustered 21 MPs, 13 peers and no MEPs.

12 New Labour, New Europe?

1. ‘Was wir brauchen, ist die Synthese von praktischem Denken und idealistis- chem Streben.’ Quoted by Tony Blair, Bonn, 18 June 1996. 2. Seyd, The Rise and Fall of the Labour Left, p. 2. 3. Kinnock, ‘Which Way Should Labour Go?’, PQ, Vol. 51 (1980) 411–13. 4. Brivati, in Broad and Preston (eds), Moored to the Continent? 5. Kinnock, op. cit. 6. Quoted by Bullock, Bevin, Vol. 3, p. 51. 7. Monnet, Memoirs, p. 306. 8. Brivati, op. cit. 9. Conrad Black, ‘Britain’s Atlantic Option’, The National Interest, No. 55 (Spring 1999); and John Lloyd, ‘The Anglosphere Project’, New Statesman, 13 March 2000, 10. Blair, Ghent speech, 23 February 2000. 11. Blair, speech, ‘Change: a Modern Britain in a Modern Europe’, The Hague, 20 January 1998. 12. Donald Sassoon, ‘Shared Convictions’, Fabian Review, Vol. 111, No. 3 (Autumn 1999). Notes and References 229

13. Modern Socialism, Fabian pamphlet 592, November 1999. 14. See Introduction. 15. 23–24 March 2000. 16. See Ian Davidson, Financial Times, 18–19 March 2000. 17. Blair, Ghent speech, op. cit. 18. Blair, Polish Stock Exchange, Warsaw, 6 October 2000. 19. Blair, Mansion House speech, 13 November 2000. 20. See Charles Grant, Intimate Relations, a working paper for the Centre for European Reform (London, April 2000), and his booklet EU 2010 (October 2000). 21. See Chapter 2 text and note 27. 22. ‘Joining the European Community involved loss of signiﬁcant sovereignty, but by telling the British people that was not involved, I think the . . . argu- ment was prejudiced for the next 30 years.’ Lord Hattersley, on ‘Document’ programme, BBC Radio 4, 3 February 2000. Bibliography

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Young, J. W., Britain, France and the Unity of Europe 1945–51 (Leicester: Leicester University Press, 1984) Young, J. W., see Dockrill, Michael Ziegler, Philip, Wilson (London: HarperCollins, 1995) Index

Acheson, Dean, 20, 53 Bevin, Ernest, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 15, Action Committee for the United 16, 20, 22, 24, 26 States of Europe, 70 Bevins, Antony, 148 Adam, Gordon, 141 Bidwell, Sidney, 66, 74 Adenauer, Konrad, 24, 26, 36, 46 Bish, Geoff, 107, 159 Aitken, Ian, 67, 112 Black, Conrad, 200 Albu, Austen, 38, 43, 57, 89 Blair, Tony, 185, 189–92, 196, Aldrich, R.J., 14 202–4 Alternative Economic Strategy (AES), Body, Sir Richard, 112, 118 128–9, 153, 160, 179, 183, 193, Boothroyd (Baroness), Betty, 123, 197 144 Amendola, Giorgio, 76 Bowyer, John, 34, 43, 55 American Committee on United Bradley, Tom, 57, 110, 143 Europe, 14 Brandt, Willy, 63, 77, 99, 194, 208 Amsterdam treaty, 203 Bretherton, Russell, 30, 31 ‘Anglo-Saxon’ capitalism, 201, 202 Briand, Aristide, 2, 24 ‘Anglosphere’, 200 Briginshaw, Richard, 50 Ardwick (Lord), see Beavan, John Britain in Europe (see also European Arnold-Forster, Mark, 91 Movement), 110, 112–14, Ashton, Joe, 106 116 Attlee (Lord), Clement, 1, 2, 5, 6, 20, British Anti-Common Market 22, 24, 34, 35, 74, 141, 195, 199, Campaign, 166 203 British Commonwealth/Empire, see Commonwealth Balfe, Richard, 141, 153 British Labour Group, see European Balogh, Thomas, 40 Parliament Barber, Edward, 163 Brivati, Brian, 52, 197 Barnes, Michael, 89–90, 137 Broad, Roger, 45, 55 Barnett (Lord), Joel, 66 Brockway, Fenner, 8, 15 Barón, Enrique, 176 Brown (Lord George-Brown), George, Barratt Brown, Michael, 50, 184 16, 52, 55, 58, 62–3, 65, 67–8, 74, Beavan, John (Lord Ardwick), 17, 85 124 Brown, Gordon, 189, 207 Becket, Margaret, 189 Brown, Ron, 85 Beever, R. Colin, 34, 43, 47, 48, 55 Bruce, Donald (Lord), 124 Benn, Hilary, 111 Brussels treaty, 11, 15, 27, 30 Benn, Tony, 59, 67, 75–7, 84, 91–3, Buchan, David, 165 95, 98–9, 100–2, 104–6, 112, 115, Buchan, Janey, 141 117, 119, 120, 122, 125, 129, 131, Bullock, Alan, 9 136, 138, 139, 142, 146, 155, 168, Bush, George I, 204 169, 173, 186, 187, 193 Bush, George II, 206 Bevan, Aneurin, 18, 26, 32, 33, Butler, David, 115, 119, 137 168 Butler (Lord), R.A., 30

236 Index 237

Caborn, Richard, 141, 188 94, 96, 102, 113–14, 197, 199, Callaghan (Lord), James, 16, 20, 55, 200 64, 67–8, 70, 77, 79, 81, 83–4, 87, Communist Party of Britain (Marxist- 92, 99–101, 104–5, 112, 121–3, Leninist), 98 129–30, 133, 135, 137, 139, 142, Communist Party of Great Britain, 99 146, 178, 182, 195, 199 Confed (Confederation of Socialist Campaign for a European Political Parties in the European Community, 157 Community) (see also Party of Campaign for a Labour Victory, 144 European Socialists), 136, 141, Campaign for Democratic Socialism, 149, 159–61, 176, 188 42–3, 51, 82 Cook, Robin, 177 Campaign for Labour Party Cooper, Duff (Lord Norwich), 9 Democracy, 146 Corbett, Freda, 89 Campaign for Nuclear Disarament Corbett, Richard, 188 (CND), see nuclear disarmament Coreper, 127 Campaign Group, 160, 177, 183 Council of Europe, see Europe, CAP, see Common Agricultural Council of Policy Cousins, Frank, 57–8 Castle (Baroness), Barbara, 7, 27, 50, Crane, Peggy, 113 61, 63, 66–7, 69, 76, 84, 100, 102, Crewe, Ivor, 143 105–6, 112–13, 115, 117, 122, Cripps, Francis, 152–3 124–5, 127, 137, 140, 153, 160 Cripps, Sir Stafford, 20 Castle (Lord), Ted, 124 Crosland, Anthony, 16, 67, 78–9, 85, Cattermole, Jim, 113, 191 105, 113, 121, 128, 131 Charter 88, 182 Crosland, Susan, 120 Churchill, Sir Winston, 5, 7, 10, 12 Crossman, R.H.S., 7–10, 13, 17, 29, Clark, John, 55 64, 67, 69, 72–4, 81, 109 Clause IV, 41–2, 45, 50, 52, 54–5, 190, Cryer, Robert, 160 195, 202 Cunningham, George, 85, 144 Clinton Davis (Lord), Stanley, 85, 167 Curran, Sir Charles, 117 Clinton, William, 204 Clwyd, Anne, 150 Daily Express, 93 Coates, David, 129 Daily Herald, 52–3 Coates, Ken, 177 Daily Mirror, 63, 77, 79 Cockﬁeld (Lord), Arthur, 165, 167 Daily Telegraph, 49, 120 Cole, G.D.H., 2, 7 Dalton (Lord), Hugh, 11, 15, 21–2, 27 Cole, John, 67, 100, 122–4 Dalyell, Tam, 66, 123, 186, 193 Collins, Ken, 141, 144, 170 De Freitas, Sir Geoffrey, 16, 137 Collins, Martin, 115 de Gasperi, Alcide, 24 common agricultural policy (CAP), de Gaulle, Charles, 9, 36, 46, 53–5, 64, 80, 94, 96, 125, 131, 206 58, 63, 68, 70–1, 124, 173 Common Market, see European Deakin (Lord), Arthur, 23 Community Delargy, Hugh, 13, 44, 47, 66 Common Market Campaign, 42–3 Dell, Edmund, 57, 62, 80, 132 Common Market Safeguards Delors, Jacques, 156, 164, 167, 170–3, Campaign, 69, 111 175–6, 178, 180–1 Commonwealth, the, 3–6, 9, 13–15, Deutscher, Isaac, 2 18, 22, 28, 31, 37, 39–41, 43, 44, Diamond (Lord), John, 43, 52 46, 50–2, 57, 59, 62, 70, 76, 79, Dickie, John, 59 238 Index

Donovan, William, 14 Ellis, Tom, 143 Douglas Mann, Bruce, 85, 144 Empire, British, see Commonwealth Drain, Geoffrey, 44 EMU, see Economic and Monetary Dulles, Allen, 14 Union Dunkirk treaty, 9, 11 Encounter, 14, 56 Dunwoody, Gwyneth, 57, 123 Enright, Derek, 141, 144 Erhard, Ludwig, 38 Early Day Motion, see House of Europe, Council of (see also European Commons Human Rights), 11, 16–18, 24–5, EC, see European Community 27–8, 60–1 economic and monetary union Europe Left, 55–6, 113, 191 (EMU), 132–3, 160, 178–9, 183–5, European Central Bank (ECB), 187, 191–3, 207 179–80, 186 Economic and Social Committee European Coal and Steel Community (ESC), 94–5, 123, 162–3, 176 (see also Schuman Plan), 24–8, ECSC, see European Coal and Steel 30–1, 34, 64, 163, 167 Community European Commission, 116–17, 186 Edelman, Maurice, 22 European Committee of the Regions, Eden, Sir Anthony (Lord Avon), 6, 30 187–8 Edmonds, John, 162 European Communities Bill/Act 1972 Edwards, Robert, 8, 22–3, 41, 44, 66 (see also European EEC, see European Community Community/Union, withdrawal EFTA, see European Free Trade from), 88, 96, 134, 147–8, 162, Association 168, 173, 184, 191, 193 elections, European, 56, 124–6, 128, European Community/Union, 130–1 general, 33, 38–9, 63–4, 66, 69, 76, 1979, 136–8 80, 82, 90, 100–1, 107, 135, 1984, 157, 159 185, 200 1989, 161, 176, 183 budget, 94–6, 103, 125, 135, 147, 1994, 189 150, 163, 201, 205 1999, 193 withdrawal from (see also European manifestos: 1979, 136–7, 140, 142; Communities Bill/Act 1972), 1984, 160, 175; 1989, 175 142, 145–7, 155, 157, 160, 166, elections, general, 168, 173, 175, 180, 185, 191–3 1959, 35 European Convention on Human 1964, 63 Rights, see European Human 1966, 57, 61 Rights 1970, 73 European Court of Justice, 126, 185 1974 (Feb.), 99 European Defence Community, 27, 1974 (Oct.), 102, 114 30–1 1979, 136, 138 European elections, see elections, 1983, 151, 155, 156 European 1987, 168 European Free Trade Association 1992, 185 (EFTA), 33, 38, 40, 48, 52, 57, 62, 1997, 193 65–6, 69, 82, 97, 135, 148, 197 manifestos: 1974 (Feb.), 99, 100, European Human Rights 106; 1974 (Oct.), 102, 106–7, Commission, 60–1 195; 1978, 135–7; 1983, 145, Convention, 25, 27, 60–1, 182 154; 1987, 160, 168, 175 Court, 25, 60–1 Index 239

European Investment Bank, 64 Francophonie, 200 European Labour Forum, 174, 177 Freeman, John, 26 European League for Economic Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, 161 Cooperation, 110 Fulford, Roger, 35 European Movement (see also Britain in Europe), 13, 34, 41, 110, 116, Gaitskell (Baroness), Dora, 52 144, 157 Gaitskell, Hugh, 30, 32, 36, 38, 41, European Parliament, 48–9, 51–2, 86, 104, 146, 181, general, 56, 95, 116, 123, 125–6, 199 137, 140–1, 153, 165, 176, 184, Gallagher, Michael, 141, 144 185, 203 Gang of Three, 142 British Labour Group, 124, 141, Gardiner (Lord), Gerald, 60 159–61, 177, 183 Gauche Europeénne, 55 European Parliamentary Labour general elections, see elections, Party, 177, 187–8, 190 general Socialist Group, 124, 138, 141, 149, George, Stephen, 131 161 Get Britain Out, 96, 110–11, 116 European Political Community, 27 Gill, Ken, 94 European Recovery Programme, see Giscard d’Estaing, Valéry, 99, 102, Marshall Plan 132 European Regional Fund, see regional Gladwyn, Lord, 6, 9, 42 policy Glenamara, Lord, see Short, Edward European Social Fund, 64 Gollan, John, 99 European Trades Union Congress, Gonzalez, Felipe, 161 162, 170 Gordon Walker (Lord), Patrick, 34, European Union, see European 57, 67 Community Gould, Bryan, 137, 166, 170, 179, Evans (Lord), John, 123 186, 187 exchange rate mechanism (ERM), see Grahl, John, 152, 155 economic and monetary union Grant, Charles, 178 Grantham, Roy, 113, 171, 173 Fabian Society, 39, 41, 42, 96, 145, Green, Pauline, 188 158, 170, 177 Grifﬁths, Winston, 141 Faulds, Andrew, 186 Guardian, The, 13, 17, 45, 77, 85, 91, Feather, Vic, 73, 113 112, 123, 142, 144, 150, 153, 190 Federal Trust, 157 Gunter, Ray, 67 Federal Union, 34, 42 federalism/federation, 6–7, 10, 13–19, Hailsham, Lord, 35 25–6, 30, 43, 35, 37, 45, 52–6, 76, Hain, Peter, 186 101–2, 125, 131, 136, 150, 173, Hale, Leslie, 10 176, 183–4, 186, 204 Hallstein, Walter, 65, 176 Financial Times, 108, 180 Hamilton, Willie, 95, 123 Foley, Maurice, 34, 57 Hardie, Keir, 1 Foot, Michael, 7–8, 10, 46, 80, 84, 87, Harris, Geoff, 113 90–3, 98, 105, 109, 124, 127, 132, Harris (Lord), John, 110, 112 142–3, 146, 148–9, 154–5, 167, Harris, Kenneth, 34 169, 182, 196 Harrison, Bob, 111, 115 Ford, Glyn, 177, 187 Hart (Baroness), Judith, 99, 148 Forward Britain Movement, 50, 68 Hart, Norman, 34, 43, 55 240 Index

Hatﬁeld, Michael, 100, 118 International Socialism, 99 Hattersley (Lord), Roy, 43, 57, 85, 92, International Socialists, 99 99, 105, 108, 113, 142, 144–6, 156–7, 167, 169, 179, 186 Jarrett, Bob, 34, 42–3, 55 Hayter, Dianne, 177 Javits, Jacob, 69, 97 Hayward, Ron, 92, 106, 122, 130 Jay (Lord), Douglas, 35, 41, 46, 57–8, Healey (Lord), Denis, 5, 9, 10–11, 16, 61, 63, 67, 69–71, 74–5, 84, 97–8, 18–19, 21–3, 29, 57, 66, 77–9, 111–12, 116, 166, 183 84–5, 87, 117, 128, 132, 143, 146, Jebb, Gladwyn, see Gladwyn, Lord 148 Jenkins, Clive, 43, 53, 69, 98, 111–12, Heath, Edward, 48, 62, 63, 73, 74, 82, 115–16, 123–4, 146, 154, 170, 84, 87, 92, 94, 99, 106, 112, 117, 172–3 146, 189, 192 Jenkins, Peter, 123 Heffer, Eric, 8, 41, 57, 65–6, 74, 80, Jenkins (Lord), Roy, 16, 31–2, 34–5, 83, 106, 148–9, 156 40–3, 47, 49, 52, 56–8, 61, 73–4, Henderson, Sir Nicholas, 28 78, 81, 85–9, 91–3, 99, 105, Henig, Stanley, 55 109–10, 117, 122, 144 Hennessy, Peter, 9, 31 Johnson, Carol, 89 Herbison, Margaret, 16 Johnson, L.B.J., 59, 70 Higgins (Lord), Terence, 60 Jones, Ernest, 42 Hoffman, Paul, 13 Jones, Jack, 69, 71, 79, 111, 122, 132 Holland, Stuart, 31, 64, 129 Jordan, Bill, 162, 173 Hoon, Geoff, 188 Jospin, Lionel, 203 Houghton (Lord), Douglas, 84, 87 Jowitt (Lord), William, 25 House of Commons, Judge, D., 166 committees, 126–7 debates, general, 37, 67, 84, 196 Kaldor, Nicholas, 40–1 Early Day Motions, 7–8, 11, 31, 42, Kaufman, Gerald, 146, 155, 168, 187 65, 77, 106 Keep Britain Out, 96 votes, 5, 67, 77, 85, 88–9, 106–7, Keep Left, 7–9, 42, 65–6, 124, 149, 188 184, 198 House of Lords, 127 Keeping Left, 23 Howard, Anthony, 78 Kellner, Peter, 154 Howell (Lord), Denis, 144 Kellner, Sally, 111 Hoyle (Lord), Doug, 183 Kennedy, John F., 69 Huckﬁeld, Leslie, 85, 160 Kerr, Hugh, 177 Hughes (Lord Cledwyn), Cledwyn, 67 Key, Brian, 141 Human Rights, see European Human Kiesinger, Kurt Georg, 70–1 Rights King, Anthony, 143 Hynd, Harry, 14 Kinnock, Neil, 80, 85, 146, 148, 156, Hynd, John, 10, 22 158, 161, 168–9, 176, 178, 185, 191, 196–7, 198, 203, 207 Independent Labour Party, 8, 47 Kitson, Alex, 78 Independent, The, 183 Kitzinger, Uwe, 45, 78, 115, 119 Institute of Contemporary British Kohl, Helmut, 187 History (ICBH), 113, 118 International Marxist Group, 98 Labour Campaign for Britain in International Monetary Fund (IMF), Europe (see also Labour 128–9, 195 Committee for Europe), 112–13 Index 241

Labour Committee for Europe 1994, 190 (see also Labour Common 1995, 190 Market Committee, Labour National Executive Committee Movement in/for Europe), 55, 69, (NEC), 13–15, 21–2, 40–1, 44, 75, 77–8, 82, 112–13, 116, 143–4, 51, 53, 71, 74–5, 78, 81–3, 92, 157 94–6, 106, 108–9, 128, 136–7, Labour Committee for (the Five) 139–42, 145–6, 149, 154–5, Safeguards on the Common 159–61, 168, 179, 183, Market, see Labour Common 186–7 Market Safeguards Committee manifestos, see elections, European; Labour Common Market Committee, elections, general 43–4, 51, 55 Lansbury, George, 143 Labour Common Market Safeguards Lawson, George, 89 Campaign/Committee (see also Lawson, Nigel, 178 Labour Euro Safeguards Lawther, Sir Will, 42 Campaign), 50, 68, 84, 125–6, Lea (Lord), David, 164, 171 141–2, 151–2, 163, 179, 184 Lee, Sir Frank, 37 Labour Coordinating Committee, 137 Leighton, Ron, 50, 68, 76, 111, 125 Labour Euro Safeguards Campaign, Leonard, Dick, 57, 137 191 Lester (Lord), Antony, 60 Labour Movement in/for Europe, 144, Lestor, Joan, 148 191 Lever (Lord), Harold, 92, 99, 110, 121, Labour Party, 132 conferences, Limehouse Declaration, 142 1945, 5 Little, Jenny, 107 1948, 14 Livingstone, Ken, 168, 184, 186 1950, 22 Lomas, Alf, 81, 118, 140–1, 153, 1954, 27 160–1 1957, 33 London Cooperative Society, 116 1960, 38, 42 Longford (Lord), Frank, 67 1961, 43, 44 Luard, Evan, 41, 57 1962, 51–3 Luxembourg compromise, 58 1969, 71, 73 1970, 75, 78–81, 83–4 Maastricht treaty, 185, 187, 192, 196 1972, 91, 93–6 Mabon, J. Dickson, 113 1974, 100, 102, 195 McEwan, Douglas, 83 1975, 107–9, 114 McGarvey, Dan, 69, 94–5 1976, 128 Mackay, R.W.G. (Kim), 7, 9–11, 13, 1978, 134–5 15, 22, 28, 184 1979, 139, 140 Mackintosh, John, 80, 89 1980, 141–2 MacLennan, Robert, 193 1982, 153–5 Macmillan, Harold (Lord Stockton), 1983, 157 35, 37, 40, 49, 51, 53, 57, 184 1987, 161 McNair, Lord, 60 1988, 172 McNamara, Kevin, 66 1989, 178 MacShane, Dennis, 172 1990, 179 Major, John, 166, 184, 186, 189, 192 1992, 187 Manchester Guardian, see Guardian, 1992, 187 The, 242 Index

Manifesto Group, 144 Neil committee, 116 Manley, Michael, 114 Neild, Robert, 40–1 Margach, James, 86 Nenni, Pietro, 77 Marjolin, Robert, 64 New Left Review, 98 Marks and Spencer, 112 New Socialist, 152, 159, 178 Marquand, David, 128, 137 New Statesman, 6–7, 24, 74, 145, Marsh (Lord), Richard, 67 153–4 Marshall Plan (ERP), 8–9, 12–13, 15, Newens, Stan, 65, 160 27 Newman, Michael, 41, 66 Marten, Neil, 93, 112, 117 Newsbrief, 45, 49–50, 53, 55 Martin, David, 161, 170 Nice summit, 207 Marx, Karl, 56 North Atlantic Free Trade Area Marxism Today, 180 (NAFTA), 69–70, 97, 197 Mayhew (Lord), Christopher, 9, 16, North Atlantic Treaty Organisation 89, 130 (NATO), 8, 16, 27, 29, 70–1, 142, Meacher, Michael, 156 198–9, 206 Megahy, Tom, 141, 154 nuclear disarmament, 31, 38, 50, 52, Mellish, Bob, 105 142, 153, 161, 193, 195 Mendès-France, Pierre, 64 Nutting, Sir Anthony, 30 Messina conference, 30–1, 64, 194, 197–8 Observer, The, 78 Mikardo, Ian, 7–8, 10, 80, 106, 154 O’Hallaghan, Michael, 144 Militant, 158, 168 OMOV (one member, one vote), 190, Millan, Bruce, 164 193, 196 Millar, Jock, 43 O’Neil, Sir Con, 110 Mills, John, 111, 126, 137, 191 opinion polls/surveys, 49, 75, 93, 110, Mitchell, Austin, 175, 179, 192 112, 114–15, 117–18, 140, 182–3, Mitchell, Richard (Bob), 123–4 186, 192–3 Mitterand, Franc[,]ois, 148, 151, 187 Owen (Lord), David, 73, 77, 121, 131, Mollet, Guy, 20, 77 143, 145 Monnet, Jean, 19–21, 27, 31, 49, 56, 199 Padley, Walter, 41, 58, 85 Morell, Frances, 137, 169 Paisley, Ian, 112 Morgan, Gwyn, 59, 92 Palmer, Arthur, 144 Morgan, Kenneth, 79, 105 Palmer, John, 99, 153 Morning Star, The, 111 Pannell (Lord), Charles, 52 Morris, John, 105 Papandreou, George, 151 Morrison, Herbert, 16–17, 20, 24 Paris treaty, 25, 124, Morton, Jane, 55 Parliamentary Labour Party, 78–9, 82, 84, 87, 92–3, 95, 106, 123–4, 131, Nairn, Tom, 85, 98, 129 136, 139–40, 142, 177, 185–6 National Executive Committee (NEC), Party of European Socialists (see also see Labour Party Confed), 188–90 National Missile Defence, 206 PASOK, 151 National Plan, 57, 62 Peart, Fred (Lord), 61, 67, 74, 84, 99, National Referendum Campaign 105 (NRC), 110–12, 116 Phillips, Morgan, 13 NATO, see North Atlantic Treaty Phipps, Colin, 137 Organisation Pickles, William, 45, 50, 64 Index 243

Pimlott, Ben, 106, 121 Ross, William, 84, 105 Pinder, John, 48 Rowthorn, Bob, 152 Pleven Plan, see European Defence Royall, Jan, 141 Community Plowden, Sir Edward, 19 Sainsbury’s, 116 PLP, see Parliamentary Labour Party Sapper, Alan, 93 Pompidou, Georges, 71, 79, 92, 99 Sassoon, Donald, 62, 153 Powell, Enoch, 112, 117, 173, 182 Scanlon (Lord), Hugh, 112 PR, see proportional representation Schmidt, Helmut, 100, 102, 132 Prentice (Lord), Reg, 85, 105 Schuman Plan (see also European Coal Prescott, John, 124, 134, 189–90 and Steel Community), 20, 24–7, Price, Christopher, 57 31, 194, 204 proportional representation, 129–30, Schuman, Robert, 16, 20–1, 24 191 Seal, Barry, 141, 161 Sedgemore, Brian, 183–4 qualiﬁed majority voting (QMV), Servan-Schreiber, Jean-Jacques, 63 165–7, 184, 192 Shawcross, Christopher, 10–11, 13 Quin, Joyce, 141, 188 Sheldon, Robert, 66, 193 Sherman, Barry, 111 Radice, Giles, 55, 144, 158, 184 Shinwell (Lord), Emmanuel, 32, 42, Ramadier, Paul, 9 58, 65, 71 Rank and File Mobilising Committee, Shore (Lord), Peter, 45, 59, 61, 63, 69, 146 76, 80, 84, 91, 96–101, 105, 117, Red Rose, 144 124–5, 131, 139, 141–2, 145–6, Rees (Lord), Merlyn, 105 154, 167, 179, 183, 186, 191 referendum, 50, 75, 91–4, 96, 100, Short, Edward (Lord Glenamara), 92, 102, 106, 109–11, 115–16, 105, 131, 142 118–19, 121, 126, 148, 186, Silkin (Lord), John, 67, 77, 105, 131, 191–2, 199 142, 146, 150 regional policy, 64, 150, 166–7, 180, Silkin, Sam, 144 184 Silverman, Sydney, 42 Rentoul, John, 179, 191 Single European Act (SEA), 165, 166–7 Reuter, Paul, 21 Sirs, Bill, 162 Revolutionary Communist Party, 8 Skidelsky (Lord), Robert, 55 ‘Rhineland model’, 201–2 Skinner, Dennis, 138, 186 Richard (Lord), Ivor, 57, 167 Smith, John, 179, 186–92, 196, 207 Rippon (Lord), Geoffrey, 74, 82 Soames (Lord), Sir Christopher, 70, Robertson (Lord), George, 144, 166, 117 180 Social Charter/Chapter, 176, 181, Robins, L.J., 41, 66 184–5, 196, 203 Rocard, Michel, 189 Social Democratic Party, 92, 142–5, Rodgers (Lord), William, 42, 51–2, 82, 174, 177, 195, 199 112, 121, 142 Socialist Commentary, 34, 43, 53, 55–6, Rome treaty, 7, 32, 37–8, 55–6, 100, 65, 76, 128, 145 123–4, 126, 148–9, 151, 158, Socialist International, 141, 149, 161 165–6, 192, 198 Socialist Labour League, 98 Roper (Lord), John, 112 Socialist Workers Party, 99 Rosamund, Ben, 174 Solidarity, 146 Rose, Paul, 66, 68 Soper, Tom, 39 244 Index sovereignty, 8, 11, 13, 16–19, 21, 26–9, Tribune Group, 8, 74, 77, 83, 89, 160, 32–3, 46, 76, 98, 105, 108, 127, 177, 185 129, 136, 148, 165, 178, 184, 193, Trotsky, Leon, 1 208 TUC, 22, 32, 47–8, 73–4, 83, 93, 95, Spaak committee/report, 31, 64 113, 115, 123, 134, 162–3, 170–1, Spaak, Paul-Henri, 10–11, 13, 50 176 SPD (German Social Democratic Party), TUC, Scottish, 47, 106 24, 55, 102, 161, 203 TUC, Wales, 178 Spearing, Nigel, 166, 179 Tufﬁn, Alan, 162 Spectator, The, 111 Spinelli, Altiero, 165 Urwin, Harry, 74, 94–5, 102 Stalin, Joseph, 9–10, 26, 98, 182, 198 Usborne, Henry, 6–7 Stanley, Brian, 83, 109 Steed, Michael, 114–15 Varley (Lord), Eric, 57, 105, 122 Steel (Lord), David, 112, 129, 130 Victory for Socialism, 43 Stephenson, Peter, 76, 113, 144 Stewart (Lord), Michael, 58, 60, 67, 73, Wainwright, Hilary, 169 123, 124 Walden, Brian, 57, 78, 85–6 Stikker, Dirk, 13 Walston (Lord), Harry, 144 Stoddart (Lord), David, 166 Warburton, David, 113 Strauss (Lord), George, 89 Ward, Terry, 152–3 Straw, Jack, 191 Watson, Sam, 34, 44, 52 Summerskill, Shirley, 85 Watt, David, 84, 108, 123–4 Sunday Times, 100 Western European Union, 27, 30 Symonds, Anne, 191 White Paper, 1967, 59, 73 Taverne (Lord), Dick, 95 1970, 73 Tawney, R.H., 2, 208 1975, 116 Taylor, Sir Teddy, 112 1976, 125–6 Teague Paul, 155 1977, 130 TGWU, 116, 171 Whitelaw (Lord), William, 112 Thatcher (Baroness), Margaret, 112, Whitty, Larry, 190 117, 136, 150, 162, 164–5, 173, Williams, Alan Lee, 57 175–6, 178–9, 182, 204 Williams (Baroness), Shirley, 42–3, 57, Thomson (Lord), George, 16, 62, 68, 99, 111–12, 142, 144 70, 73, 82, 92, 110, 117, 144 Wilson (Lord), Harold, 26, 37–8, 57–68, Thorpe, Jeremy, 112 71, 73–4, 78–81, 84, 87, 90, 92, 95, Times, The, 65, 79, 86, 120, 148 99, 100, 105–7, 109, 112, 117, Tindale, Stephen, 181 120–4, 146, 172, 189, 195, 199 Titley, Gary, 177 Wistrich, Ernest, 77, 110 Todd, Ron, 171 Wood, David, 90 Tomlinson (Lord), John, 161 Wright, Sir Oliver, 59 Tongue, Carole, 177 Wyatt (Lord), Woodrow, 7 Trades Union Alliance for Europe, 113 Trades Union Congress, see TUC Young European Left, 55 Trades Unions Against the Common Young, Hugo, 186, 192 Market, 93 Young, John, 69 Tribune, 8, 33, 43, 66, 111, 145, 186 Younger, Kenneth, 20, 24–5