Arquitectura Y Música: Policoralidad En La Capilla Real Del Alcázar De Madrid

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Arquitectura Y Música: Policoralidad En La Capilla Real Del Alcázar De Madrid Departamento de Ideación Gráfica Arquitectónica Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Tesis Doctoral Arquitectura y música: Policoralidad en la Capilla Real del Alcázar de Madrid. Autor: D. Enrique Castaño Perea, Arquitecto Directora: Dña. Pilar Chías Navarro Tutora: Dña. Felisa De Blas Gómez Madrid, diciembre 2006 Tribunal nombrado por el Mgfco. y Excmo. Sr. Rector de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, el día.............. de................de 200.. Presidente D.................................................................................. Vocal D................................................................................... Vocal D................................................................................... Vocal D................................................................................... Secretario D................................................................................... Realizado el acto de defensa y lectura de la Tesis el día..... de............................de 200... en ............................................................................................ Calificación:.................................... El PRESIDENTE LOS VOCALES El SECRETARIO Agradecimientos A Irene, mi mujer y mis hijos Gonzalo, Cristina y Jacobo. A José Mª y Pilar, mis padres y mis hermanos Javier y Margarita. A Pilar Chías, mi directora de tesis. A Felisa De Blas mi tutora frente al departamento. A mis compañeros del departamento; Adela, Juan Carlos, Mariasun, María, Delfina, Andrés, Oscar, Inma, Margarita, Fernando, Alberto. A los de la universidad; Vicente, Chelo, Beatriz, Fernando, Iñaki, Lourdes, Ignacio, Igone, Nicolás. A los de mi etapa de secundaria: Paco, Manolo, Rosa, Isabel, Julia, Miguelangel, Juan. A Raúl de la biblioteca de la UEM y a los bibliotecarios de la ETSAM A los de mi grupo de investigación: Águeda, Ana, Adeli, Rosa, Begoña, Esther y Andrés. Y a todos los amigos y familiares que han estado pendientes de mi tesis y me han apoyado durante todo este largo proceso. III RESUMEN de la Tesis. Esta tesis es un trabajo de investigación que profundiza en la concepción de la música en las capillas reales a lo largo de dos siglos de historia, su percepción y los rituales asociados. La Tesis persigue profundizar en todos los aspectos que relacionan la música y el espacio, así como aquéllos otros aspectos asociados a los diferentes protocolos y a la liturgia, con especial incidencia a la existencia de la policoralidad en la Corte de Madrid y su referencia espacial. El trabajo se centra en la Capilla Real del Alcázar de Madrid. Se ha realizado una exhaustiva labor de archivo, que ha permitido realizar una reconstrucción de la misma, teniendo en consideración las diferentes fases constructivas por las que fue evolucionando dicha Capilla. Se ha completado el estudio con la realización de un modelo 3D realizado por ordenador, que ha permitido comprobar las condiciones acústicas de la misma; También, se han analizado los instrumentos y voces que intervenían, y su ubicación física en el espacio, así como los materiales que recubrían los diferentes paramentos y que modulaban la percepción acústica del espacio. Tras la investigación se ha obtenido un nuevo marco documental sobre la Capilla del Alcázar, más exhaustivo que el existente, especialmente en los aspectos histórico y gráfico; y se han obtenido conclusiones novedosas sobre la relación existente entre música y arquitectura, destacando entre ellas la gran dependencia de aspectos de la vida de Corte, como la música y liturgia, de las Etiquetas que regían la Corte de Madrid. IV ABSTRACT This thesis covers the investigation work to deep in the music conception of the Royal Chapels through two centuries of history, its perception and the associated rituals. The Thesis pursues to deep in all the aspects to relate the music and the space, even all those associated with the variety of protocols and liturgies, in special those related with the Cori spezzati of the Madrid Court and its space reference. The work has concentrate in the reconstruction of the Royal Chapel of the Madrid Alcázar, after a thorough file investigation, considering the different phases over which the Chapel was developped. After the investigation a new documental frame was obtained on the Alcázar Chapel, specially on the historic and graphic detail. Innovate conclusions were reached on the relationship between Music and Architecture, checking its dependence to the Labels running in the Madrid Court. V CRITERIOS de REDACCION y de EDICIÓN Ortográficas. En la trascripción de documentos originales se ha optado por no modernizar la ortografía de los mismos, manteniendo por tanto la ortografía original, Esto provoca diferencia de tratamiento lingüístico, según la antigüedad del documento trascrito, dado que algunos son originales, de los siglos estudiados y otros son copias realizadas en siglos posteriores; en cualquier caso se ha considerado pertinente no alterar la ortografía original por lo que la transcripciones se han realizado con la referencia expresa de la fuente, de esta manera se puede soslayar diferencias de interpretación en cuanto a grafismo o lingüística de las mismas En los aspectos lingüísticos las diferencias más significativas son: las ausencia de tildes en la mayoría de los manuscritos utilizados, diferente uso de las letras ‘b’ y ‘v’ ; la ‘g’ y ‘j’ , la utilización de la ‘h’ y la utilización frecuente de la ‘ç’ así como numerosas contracciones como SM o similares. Todo aquello que figura entre { } es añadido por el autor como complemento a lo escrito o como duda por la veracidad del dato original. Por otra parte los correctores ortográficos del editor de textos han intervenido en alguna ocasión a pesar de la voluntad del autor, lo que se ha intentado corregir, aunque no siempre se haya conseguido VI Semánticas. Como criterio general, dado que el término Capilla hace referencia a dos estamentos diferenciados como el espacio de culto y a su vez la institución musical; se ha decidido para la redacción de esta tesis, el utilizar el criterio seguido por la clasificación del Archivo General de Palacio AGP que denomina Capilla Real al espacio, (haciendo referencia a las obras y ubicaciones dentro de ellas) frente a la Real Capilla que se refiere a la agrupación musical. Imágenes. Dado que el formato A4 es escaso para representar algunas de las imágenes utilizadas, se ha decidido volver a reproducir las aquellas imágenes que así lo requirieran en un anexo a tamaño mayor (A3) para poder analizarlas con mayor comodidad y precisión. Abreviaturas Las abreviaturas de los centros documentales utilizadas son AGP Archivo General del Palacio Real. Madrid AGS Archivo General de Simancas. Valladolid AHN Archivo Histórico Nacional. Madrid AHPM Archivo Histórico de Protocolos. Madrid AMAE Archivo del Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores. Madrid AVM Archivo de Villa. Madrid BHM Biblioteca Histórica Municipal. Madrid BN Biblioteca Nacional. Madrid BNP Bibliothèque Nationale. París VII BP Biblioteca del Palacio Real. Madrid BRASF Biblioteca de la Real Academis de San Fernando.Madrid BUSal Biblioteca de la Universidad de Salamanca BV Biblioteca Vaticana. Ciudad del Vaticano IVDJ Instituto Valencia de Don Juan. Madrid MMM Museo municipal. Madrid MPM Museo del Prado. Madrid RAH Real Academia de la Historia. Madrid Términos musicales Los términos musicales que aparecen marcados con un ‘*’ indica que se encuentran definidos en un glosario de términos al final del trabajo. Fuentes escritas y Audiciones recomendadas. Para evitar repeticiones en el texto, cuando se sugiera la posibilidad de completar la información dada, con la revisión completa de la fuente escrita se indicará en la notas a pie de página de la siguiente manera. 1Ver F. Esc. Igualmente cuando se sugieran audiciones sobre el texto propuesta se indicará en notas al pié de página de la siguiente manera: 1Ver Aud. R. VIII Numeración de Notas al pie y Figuras. Se ha optado para una mejor comprensión que la numeración, tanto de las notas al pie como de las figuras y cuadros sea de capítulo en capítulo. Nota del autor: Una cuestión de principios. Para la realización de esta investigación se han utilizado una serie de imágenes pertenecientes al Archivo General de Palacio, de las cuales se han obtenido la correspondiente reproducción así como se ha solicitado la autorización para su utilización, en los que se establece la correcta signatura de la misma con referencia expresa de la autoría y propiedad. Algunas de esas imágenes pertenecen a las Etiquetas Generales, y aparecen catalogadas como dibujos realizados por Juan Gómez de Mora, en esta investigación al aparecer dichas imágenes no figurará dicha autoría, sino que figuraran como [1651 Etiquetas Generales], ya que a lo largo de toda la tesis se plantean y resuelven serias dudas sobre dicha autoría. IX X INDICE 1. INTRODUCCIÓN 1.1 Objetivos del trabajo de investigación. (pag. 5) 1.1.1 Desglose de objetivos 1.1.2 Sistemática para la consecución de los Objetivos. 1.1.2.1 Proceso documental 1.1.2.2 Proceso de analítico y relacional 1.2 Acotación temporal de la Investigación. (9) 1.3 Ubicación geográfica. La Corte de Madrid y su ámbito de influencia. (10) 1.4 Metodología de la investigación (12) 1.5 Contexto Histórico Litúrgico (16) PARTE PRIMERA: ASPECTOS DE LA CULTURA MUSICAL Y DE PROTOCOLO EN LA CORTE DE MADRID. CONTEXTOS 2 CONTEXTO MUSICAL EN LA CORTE DE MADRID SIGLOS XVI AL XVIII 2.1 La música en los siglos XVI - XVIII. (pag 27) 2.1.1. La música en la sociedad 2.1.1.1 Teóricos de música en los siglos XVI – XVIII 2.1.1.2 Contexto musical en Madrid. Ciudad y corte. 2.1.1.3 La música en Europa 2.1.1.4 El oficio de músico. 2.1.2 Música religiosa 2.1.2.1 La música en la liturgia católica 2.1.2.2 El canto llano y el órgano 2.1.2.3 Polifonía. XI 2.1.3 Música civil 2.1.3.1 Música para ceremonias civiles. 2.1.3.2 Música para los teatros 2.1.3.3 Fiestas conmemorativas reales y religiosas 2.1.3.4 Música de cámara 2.1.4 Instrumentos. La música instrumental 2.1.4.1 Instrumentos 2.1.4.2 Organología 2.1.4.3 Ministriles 2.1.5 Las agrupaciones o conjuntos 2.1.5.1 Capillas de música: Capilla catedralicia.
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