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Interactive Radio for Development Projects A Toolkit for Practitioners BY JOSH WOODARD, FHI 360, AUGUST 2014 // The original version of this toolkit was developed by U.S. Agency for International Development’s (USAID) Fostering Agriculture Competitiveness Employing Information Communication Technologies (FACET) project implemented by FHI 360 from 2009 to 2013 under award number EPP-A-00-09-00007, which is an associate award under the FIELD- Support LWA (EEM-A-00-06-00001-00). Interactive Radio for Development Projects A Toolkit for Practitioners © 2014. FHI 360 and USAID. All rights reserved. The contents of this Toolkit may be photocopied or adapted, in whole or in part, provided the material is distributed free of charge and that credit is given to FHI 360 and USAID. Suggested Citation: Woodard, Josh. 2014. Integrating Low-Cost Radio into Development Projects: A Toolkit for Practitioners. Washington, DC: FHI 360. Contents Acronyms .......................................................................................... i How should we identify appropriate What is our role in the process ..................................... 99 Acknowledgements ................................................................... ii radio station partners? .......................................................25 Which interactive methods are About the Author .......................................................................iii How can we plan to implement our activity? ........30 most appropriate for our situation ..........................103 About the Toolkit .......................................................................iv Worksheets ..............................................................................35 Worksheets .......................................................................... 107 What is the purpose of this toolkit? .............................iv Why should you consider using COMPONENT 3 COMPONENT 5 interactive radio? ���������������������������������������������������������������������� v How can we create our own How can we track the impact of What is the intended audience of this toolkit? ........ v radio programming? .................................................................42 our radio programming? ...................................................... 111 What will I find in this toolkit? ........................................... v Who should be responsible for developing What information should be collected? ................ 112 How should I use this toolkit? .........................................vii our radio programs? ........................................................... 46 How should this information be collected? .......... 116 Who should be featured in our radio programs? 49 How can we use listener feedback COMPONENT 1 What is required to create effective to improve our potential impact ................................ 121 How is interactive radio being radio programming? ...........................................................52 Worksheets ...........................................................................127 used for development? ..............................................................7 Getting Started: Creative Brief .....................................54 Farm Radio International .................................................... 9 Script writing ..........................................................................56 COMPONENT 6 UNESCO ..................................................................................... 11 Formats .....................................................................................58 What are the technical considerations we Freedom Fone ........................................................................ 12 Pre-Testing ..............................................................................62 need to keep in mind? ...........................................................135 FrontlineSMS:Radio ............................................................. 13 Recording ................................................................................ 64 Audio Recording Devices .............................................. 139 Gram Vaani ................................................................................15 Editing ....................................................................................... 70 Interactive Devices ........................................................... 144 Lifeline Energy ........................................................................ 16 Worksheets .............................................................................75 Peripheral Devices ........................................................... 146 Software ................................................................................. 149 COMPONENT 2 COMPONENT 4 Worksheets ............................................................................152 Is interactive radio an appropriate What different approaches can be used to way to achieve our objectives? ........................................... 18 make our radio programming interactive? ................... 81 Congratulations! .....................................................................155 How do we assess the appropriateness How can we make our radio of different ICT options? ..................................................20 programming interactive? ............................................... 84 Acronyms AFRRI African Farm Radio mAh Milliamps hour Research Initiative M&E Monitoring and evaluation dB Decibel NGO Nongovernmental organization FACET Fostering Agriculture PSA Public service announcement Competitiveness Employing Information Communication RRA Rapid rural appraisal Technologies SFX sound effects FRI Farm Radio International SMART Specific, measurable, achievable, GRINS Grameen Radio realistic, timebound Inter-Networking System SMS Short message service GSM Global System for Mobile communications SNR signal to noise ratio ICT Information and communication SWOT strengths, weaknesses, technology opportunities, threats IRI Interactive radio listening UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System IVR Interactive voice response UPS uninterruptible power supply KAP Knowledge, attitudes, and practices USAID United States Agency for International Development kHz Kilohertz I \\ Interactive Radio for Development Projects INTRODUCTION Acknowledgements This Interactive Radio Toolkit is adapted Dustin Andres, communications specialist Last, but not least, I am indebted to my from and expands on Interactive Radio for at FHI 360, also deserves recognition colleagues at FHI 360’s TechLab for their Agricultural Development Projects: A Toolkit for his substantive contributions to the expertise and support, especially John for Practitioners written by Josh Woodard original toolkit, including researching most Zoltner for his foresight, technical input in December 2012 under USAID’s FACET of the organizations featured in Component and help bringing this version of the toolkit project. Though many examples used here 1, drafting significant portions of that to fruition; Cate Cowan for her extensive highlight agriculture, this adaptation is for component, and for his feedback on other technical contributions and edits; Rachel development projects more broadly and toolkit components. Whitmore, for coordinating its production; draws on the wisdom and experience of and Natasha Paul, Allison Burns, and Amy colleagues in many fields who believe in the I am also grateful to Kevin Perkins, Rupert for their diligent research and other power of radio, particularly in the developing Mark Leclair, and Bart Sullivan at Farm support. Special thanks also go to Kaaren world, to engage, teach, advocate, and inform. Radio International for their insights and Christopherson for her copy edits, and feedback, particularly with regard to Shannon Dyson and Michelle Ghiotti from The original version was developed content development and interactivity. Design Lab 360 for design and layout. by the U.S. Agency for International Development’s (USAID) Fostering Agriculture Additional thanks also go to each of the Competitiveness Employing Information following individuals for their input into Communication Technologies (FACET) the original version: Amy O’Donnell of project, implemented by FHI 360 from FrontlineSMS, Katharine Tjasink of Farmer 2009 to 2013 under award number Voice Radio, Brenda Burrell of Kubatana.net, EPP-A-00-09-00007, an associate Pareshbhai Dave of Development Support ©2014. FHI 360 and USAID. award under the FIELD-Support LWA Centre, Neil Patel of Awaaz.De, Zahir Koradia All rights reserved. (EEM-A-00-06-00001-00).The concept of Gram Vaani, Revi Sterling and Kevin for the original version was proposed and McElhinney at the University of Colorado, The contents of this Toolkit may be photocopied or adapted, supported by Judy Payne, e-Business Advisor and Nicholas Garnett and Graeme Fawcett in whole or in part, provided the material is distributed free and ICT Advisor for Agriculture at USAID. at BBC Radio. of charge and that credit is given to FHI 360 and USAID. II \\ Interactive Radio for Development Projects INTRODUCTION enhance impact for more than a decade. About the He has experience working on the ground in Thailand, Indonesia, India, Macedonia, Mozambique, Ethiopia, Kenya, Ghana, Zambia, Author Senegal, Liberia, Malawi, Bangladesh and Josh Woodard is the Technical Manager Papua New Guinea. for the Mobile Solutions Technical Assistance
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