Name: ______Class: ______Date: ______KEY parallel perpendicular
How do mechanical waves transfer energy 2018 © Science Sunrise through matter?
Two lines that will Two lines that cross never cross. at a right angle.
A wave is a disturbance that transmits through matter or empty space. There are two types of waves:
What is a wave? Transmit energy through matter. Transmit energy through matter and/or empty space.
microwaves
water seismic sound waves waves waves radio waves X-rays
A medium is the matter through which a mechanical wave can travel.
Sound waves can Water and sound waves Seismic and sound waves travel through a can travel through a can travel through a What is a medium? like the air. like the ocean. like the Earth’s crust.
Do sound waves travel fastest through solids, liquids, or gases? Sound waves travel fastest through solids solids because there are more particles and they have stronger bonds between them. Sound waves travel 14 times faster through iron than through air! This is why Native Americans used to listen for trains by putting their ears on the tracks! KEY
The particles of the medium vibrate in a direction perpendicular What are the to the direction that the main types of Describe the motion of an individual fan wave moves. during ‘The Wave’. How is this an example mechanical of a transverse wave? World Record for Stadium Wave waves and https://tinyurl.com/zn7hr6h Each fan stands up and sits down when ‘The Wave’ energy comes to how do they him/her. The fans are like particles transfer through which energy is transferred, but which do not move. energy?
The particles of the medium vibrate in a direction parallel to the direction that the wave moves. Slinkys are great examples of longitudinal waves!
crest Wavelength The wavelength is the distance from one crest to the next.
What is the anatomy of a transverse
wave? amplitude midpoint
The amplitude is the distance from the midpoint to the height of a crest (or bottom of a The frequency of a trough). The wave is the number higher the of crests that pass a amplitude, the certain point in a trough more energy given amount of the wave has. time. For example, 3 crests per second. © Sunrise Science 2018 Describe the relative motion of each animal’s transverse wave below using the terms KEY Do WAVELENGTH, AMPLITUDE, FREQUENCY (very high, high, low, very low).
Tommy Turtle’s wave has . . . Rhonda Rabbit’s wave has . . .
a long wavelength, a low a short wavelength, a high amplitude and a very low amplitude and a high What is the frequency frequency anatomy of a transverse wave? Girard Giraffe’s wave has . . . Molly Mouse’s wave has . . .
a very short wavelength, a short wavelength, a a very high amplitude and very low amplitude and a a very high frequency high frequency
Depending on the size of the wave, the wavelength can be Wavelength is measured in meters (m), abbreviated by the centimeters (cm), millimeters What are the Greek letter lambda: (mm), or even nanometers (nm). units used to measure wavelength, frequency, and a wave’s Frequency, f, is Hertz are cycles per second, or speed? measured in a unit how many wave crests pass a called Hertz, certain point per second. abbreviated Hz.
The Wave Equation is written as The speed (or velocity, velocity equals wavelength v) of a wave can be times frequency. The units for calculated using the velocity are meters per second. Wave Equation: © Sunrise Science 2018 compression KEY High pressure area. Particles of the wave crowd together. C
R R R What is the C anatomy of a Wavelength amplitude longitudinal wave? rarefaction The wavelength is the distance The amplitude is the change in pressure between the Low pressure area. from the end of one compression rarefaction and Particles of the wave spread apart. to the end of the next compression compression points. The or from the end of one rarefaction higher the amplitude, the to the end of the next rarefaction. more energy the wave has. C C C
R R
Do Label all of the rarefactions and compressions of both examples of longitudinal waves above.
A surface wave is another type of mechanical wave that occurs in water. Particles move both parallel and perpendicular to the motion of the wave and their motion becomes circular.
This duck’s position does not change as the surface waves pass beneath him: What is a surface wave?
Wave direction
Ocean waves are a type of surface wave created by winds. Energy is moving through the water, but the water particles themselves are traveling in circular paths. The wave motion changes when the waves hit the shore. Surfers take advantage of the wave collapsing.
© Sunrise Science 2018