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International Journal of Speleology (ISSN 392-6672) International Journal of Speleology VOLUME 25 (1-2), 1996 Blospeleoloov CONTENTS DAVID PAUL SLANEY and PHILIP WEINSTEIN: Geographical variation in the tropical cave cockroach Paratemnopteryx stonei Roth (B1attel- lidae) in North Queensland, Australia . CAMILLA BERNARDINI, CLAUDIO DI RUSSO, MAURO RAMPINI, DONATELLA CESARONI and VALERIO SBORDONI: A recent colonization of Dolichopoda cave crickets in the Poscola cave (Ort- hoptera, Rhaphidophoridae) 15 AUGUSTO VIGNA TAGLIANTI: A new genus and species oftrogIobitic Trechinae (Coleoptera. Carabidac) from southern China 33 VEZIO COTTARELLI and MARIA CRISTINA BRUNO: First record of Parastenocarfdidac (Crustacea, Copepoda, Harpacticoida) from sub- terranean freshwater of insular Greece and description of two new species , ' ," " 43 MARZIO ZAPPAROLI: Lithobills nilragicils n. sp., a new Lithobills from a Sardinian cave (Chilopoda, Lithobiomorpha) 59 Published quaterly by Societa Speleologica Italiana Printed with the financial support of: Ministcro dei Bcni Culturali c Ambicntali Consiglio Nazionale delle Riccrche Musco di Speleologia «V. Rivera), L' Aquila INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPELEOLOGY Official journal of the International Union of Spcleology Achnowledged by UNESCO as a Category B Non-Governmental Organisation U.I.S. REPRESENTATIVE: I. Paolo Forti, Dip. Scienze della Terra illS Universita di Bologna Via Zamboni 67, 1.40127 BOLOGNA, Haly Tel.: +39.51.35 45 47, Fax: +39.51.35 45 22 e-mail:[email protected] B10SPELEOLOGY PHYSICAL SPELEOLOGY EDITOR: EDITOR: Valerio Sbordoni, Dip. Di Biologia, Ezio Burri, Dip. Di Scienze Ambicntali, Universita di Roma «Tor Vergara» Universita dell' Aquila, Via della Ricerca Scicntifica 1-67100L'AQUILA, Italy 1-00133 ROMA Haly Tel.: +39.862.43 32 22 Tel.: +39.6.72 59 51, Fax: +39.6.202 6189 Fax: +39.862.43 32 05 e-mail:[email protected] c- mail: [email protected] EDITORIAL STAFF: EDITORIAL STAFF: Giammaria Carchini, Dip. Oi Biologia, Arrigo A. Cigna, Frazione Tuffo, Universita di Roma «Tor Vergara» 1-14023 COCCONATO (AsH), Italy Via della Riccrca Scicntifica Tel. & Fax: +39.141.907 265 1-00133 ROMA,Haly e-mail: [email protected] Tel.: +39.6.72 59 59 60, Fax: +39.6.202 61 89 Ugo Sauro, Dip. di Geografia c- mail:[email protected] Universita di Padova Marco Lucarelli, Dip. di Biologia Via del Santo 26, 1.35123 PADOVA, Italy Universila di Roma «Tor Vergata» Tel.: +39.49.827 40 93 Via della Ricerca Scientifica Fax: +39.49.827 40 99 1.00133 ROMA, Haly e-mail: [email protected] Tel.: +39.6.72 59 59 66, Fax: +39.6.20261 89 Marina Cobolli, Dip. di Scienze Ambientali ADVISORY BOARD: Universita dell' Aquila R. Bernasconi (Svwitzerland) 1-67100 L'AQUILA, Italy P. Bosak (Czech Rep.) Tel.: +39.862.43 32 08, Fax: +39.862.43 32 05 J. Choppy (France) e-mail :coboll [email protected] S. A. Craven (S. Africa) F. Cucchi (Italy) ADVISORY BOARD: A. Eraso (Spain) V. Aellen (Switzerland) C. Juberthie (France) C. A. Hill (USA) I. Andrassy (Hungary) R. W. Mitchell (USA) A. Klimchouk (Russia) R. Argano (Italy) C. N. Nath (India) A. Nunez Jimenez (Cuba) Th. C. Barr (USA) S. B. Peck (Canada) K. Pfeffer (Gennany E. Bellard Pietri (Venezuela) N. Peters (Gennany) M. Pulina (Poland) L. Botosaneanu (Nctherlands) A. Petrochilos (Greece) Y. Quinif (Belgium) J. Buresh (Bulgaria) Th. L. Poulson (USA) T. R. Shaw (UK) V. Caumartin (France) S. Rullo (Italy) I. D. Sasowsky (USA) O. Escola (Spain) B. Sket (Slovenia) H. Trimmel (Austria) E. L. Friedman (USA) G. Thines (Belgium) S. Zhang (China) J. R. Holsinger (USA) A.Vigna Taglianti (Italy) Y. Zhu (China H. Jakobi (Brazil) N. Zalesskaja (Russia) - Manuscripts and editorial correspondence should be addressed to the respective Editors. - Correspondence concerning infonnations, subscriptions, payments and exchanges should be sent to: Marina Coholli, Dip. di Scienzc Ambientali, Universita de L' Aquila, 1-67100 L' AQUll.A, Italy - Annual subscription rates: Italy 20,000 ut, Other countries, individuals, 30.000 Ut, Institutions, 60,000 UI. Direttore Rcsponsabile: A. Lucrezi, Autori1.l. Trib. L' Aquila n. 334. Printed in Italy by TIPIGRAF s.n.c. Tivoli (Roma) Italy, June 1997 lnt. J. Speleo!., 25,1-2 (1996): 1-14. 1997 Geographical variation in the tropical cave cockroach Paratelllllopteryx stollei Roth (B1aUellidae) in North Queensland, Australia. David Paul Slaney and Philip Weinstein * SUMMARY Observations of cave dwelling organisms in both tropical and temperate caves often re- veal morphological modifications. which may reflect various stages of adaptation to cave life. From April 1994 to June 1995 a number of adult Paratemnopteryx stolld were collected from 7 caves in tropical North Queensland to investigate the degree of geographical variation in such troglomorphics betwen cave populations. Results of morphometric analyses showed the occurence of a morphological discontinuity between cave populations from the different geographic regions. The body dimensions particularly important in discriminating between each cave population were tegmen length (both sexes), and secondly, tegmen width and tarsus Icngth for males and females respectively. Morphological differenccs betwecn populations are discussed in relation to stages of adaptation to eave live. INTRODUCTION Cave organisms often demostrate degrees of morphological modifica- tion (troglomorphy), for example, reduced or lost eyes, wings and bodily pigmentation, and attenualion of appendages (Christiansen, 1961; Barr, 1968; Culver, 1982; Kane and Richardson, 1985). These troglomorphic characters may reflect various stages of adaplalion to cave habilats, induced through different regimes of selective pressures, and or genetic factors such as lhe accumulation of neutral mUlalions (Poulson, 1985; Wilkens, 1992; Culver et aI., 1994). The highest morphological modification occurs in those populations which have been isolaled (ie subject to no gene flow) the longest, have experienced stronger selective pressures, or have a greater fixation rate of genetic mutations within a population. Thus, one would ex- pect isolated cave populations to demostrate varying degrees of troglomor- phy. Important factors which detennine Ihe degree of isolalion or otherwise of cave populations are the presence of geological barriers andlor interslitial * Dept of Zoology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia. 2 DAVID PAUL SLANEY and PHILIP WEINSTEIN voids whithin cavernous strata (Barr, 1968; Howarth, 1982; Barr and Holsinger, 1985; Kane and Brunner, 1986). The occurence of such barriers and voids influences the dispersal ability of cave dwelling organisms, and in turn determines the geographic extent and degree of gene flow between cave populations. For example, Neaphaenops tel/kampfi, a troglobitic (obligately cave dwelling) trechine carabid beetle, in west central Kentucky contains iso- lated populations which have been allocated subspecies status by Barr (1979). He recognised four subspecies, based on morphological differentiation of the populations which coincides with the presence of faults and rivers between groups of morphological forms. In contrast, cave populations that are subject to intercave gene flow would have a lower degree of morphological variation. In a study of the distribution and evolution of Ptomaphaglls beetles in the southeastern United States, Peck (1984) compared 61 separate cave populations. The caves were located in a continuous limestone belt that would be expected to contain abundant subterranean avenues for dispersal. Morphological com- parisons between these cave populations showed little variation, although each population was found to contain only one form of spermatheca. Peck suggested that the spermathecal forms are an indicator of species level taxonomic categories, and speciation has occured despite the presence of subterranean dispersal routes. In North Queensland tropical caves, comparison of two populations of Undarana, a cave dwelling cixiid (Hemiptera), from lava tubes 30 km apart, revealed significant differences in external and genital morphology (Hoch and Howarth, 1989). Although the populations were from distant lava tubes of separate origin, individuals may be able to disperse between caves because the lava fields are connected by other basaltic flows. Hoch and Howarth interpreted these differences as indicators of interrupted gene flow between the populations, and therefore surmised the existence of two separate biological entities. In contrast, they found populations of another cixiid, Solonaima, to be morphologically similar in the same lava systems. Early examination of cockroaches we have collected from these lava tubes and other tropical caves in North Queensland indicated that there are morpholo-gical differences between populations of Paratemnopteryx stolle; Roth (Blatto-dea: Blattellidae). This genus is distributed widely over Aus- tralia, with different species living in epigean and cave habitats (Roth, 1990). So far, three of the four cave species whithin the genus have been found only in North Queensland (P. stOlle;, P. howarthi, and P. sp4). The aim of this study was to investigate the degree of geographic variation in troglomorphies between populations of P. stolle; in North Queensland caves. GEOGRAPHICAL VARIA nON IN THE TROPICAL CAVE COCKROACH 3 MATERIALS AND METHODS From April 1994 to June 1995 P. stone; adults were collected from 7 caves in North Queensland: Bauhinia (8 males, 5 females) and Clam (\6 males, 8 females) caves at Chillagoe, Barkers (\6 males, 25 females) and Bayliss
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