ISAS Working Paper No. 70 – Date: 3 July 2009 469A Bukit Timah Road #07-01, Tower Block, Singapore 259770 Tel: 6516 6179 / 6516 4239 Fax: 6776 7505 / 6314 5447 Email:
[email protected] Website: www.isas.nus.edu.sg The 2009 General Elections in India: An Analysis1 Paranjoy Guha Thakurta2 Executive Summary The fifteenth general elections to the Lower House of India’s Parliament (Lok Sabha) were held in five phases spread over a month in April and May 2009, with its outcome declared on 16 May 2009. The elections witnessed the return of the incumbent Indian National Congress- led United Progressive Alliance (UPA) coalition to power in New Delhi for a second consecutive term. The performance of the Congress, India’s ‘grand old party’, which had steadily declined over a period of two-and-a-half decades until the 2004 elections when it won 145 seats, improved further in these elections. For the first time since 1991, the centre-left party was able to win more than 200 seats (206 to be precise) in the 543-member Lok Sabha. Its closest rival, the right-wing Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), whose performance had been on the rise between 1984 (when it had secured just two seats in the Lok Sabha) until 1999 (when the party won 182 seats) and, thereafter, declined in 2004 (137 seats), saw its position decline further (116 seats) in 2009. As a result of the first-past-the-post system of Parliamentary democracy in India, the change in the number of seats of the two largest political parties was not reflected in their vote shares.