Future Use of Groundwater Resources in the Bay of Plenty Region
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Future use of groundwater resources in the Bay of Plenty Region P.A. White Prepared for ENVIRONMENT BAY OF PLENTY CONFIDENTIAL Institute of Geological & Nuclear Sciences client report 2005/127 Project Number: 520W2011 September 2005 Wairakei Research Centre, State Highway 1, Private Bag 2000, Taupo, New Zealand, Telephone: +64-7-374 8211, Facsimile: +64-7-374 8199 A Crown Research Institute COMMERCIAL – IN – CONFIDENCE This report has been prepared by the Institute of Geological & Nuclear Sciences Limited exclusively for and under contract to Environment Bay of Plenty. Unless otherwise agreed in writing, all liability of the Institute to any other party other than Environment Bay of Plenty in respect of the report is expressly excluded. Confidential 2005 CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.................................................................................................................................. iii 1.0 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................1 2.0 EXISTING INFORMATION ON GROUNDWATER IN THE REGION.........................................2 2.1 Aquifer extents and properties.....................................................................................................5 2.2 Groundwater quality....................................................................................................................5 2.2.1 Aongatete Ignimbrite ....................................................................................................6 2.2.2 Waiteariki Ignimbrite ....................................................................................................6 2.2.3 Western Bay Rhyolite ...................................................................................................6 2.2.4 Mamaku Ignimbrite.......................................................................................................6 2.2.5 Matahina Ignimbrite......................................................................................................7 2.2.6 Rangitaiki Ignimbrite Aquifer.......................................................................................7 2.2.7 Rangitaiki Plains ...........................................................................................................7 2.2.8 Katikati Gravel..............................................................................................................8 2.2.9 Mt Maunganui Sand......................................................................................................8 2.2.10 Matakana Island Sand ...................................................................................................8 2.2.11 Maketu warm water.......................................................................................................8 2.2.12 Maketu pumice..............................................................................................................8 2.2.13 Te Puke shallow ............................................................................................................8 2.2.14 Opotiki Plain .................................................................................................................8 2.2.15 Galatea Plain .................................................................................................................9 3.0 PRODUCTIVE USE OF GROUNDWATER......................................................................................12 3.1 Municipal and domestic use ......................................................................................................12 3.1.1 Western Bay of Plenty District Council......................................................................12 3.1.1.1 Eastern Supply Zone .....................................................................................13 3.1.1.2 Central Supply Zone .....................................................................................14 3.1.1.3 Western Supply Zone.....................................................................................15 3.1.2 Tauranga City Council ................................................................................................16 3.1.3 Rotorua District Council .............................................................................................17 3.1.3.1 Eastern Water Supply Zone ..........................................................................18 3.1.3.2 Central Water Supply Zone...........................................................................18 3.1.3.3 Ngongotaha Water Supply Zone ...................................................................19 3.1.4 Whakatane District Council ........................................................................................19 3.1.4.1 Water supply .................................................................................................19 3.1.5 Kawerau District Council............................................................................................21 3.1.6 Opotiki District Council..............................................................................................21 3.2 Agriculture.................................................................................................................................21 3.3 Commerce and industry.............................................................................................................23 4.0 FUTURE TRENDS IN DEMAND .......................................................................................................24 4.1 Municipal and domestic ............................................................................................................24 4.2 Agriculture.................................................................................................................................25 4.3 Commerce and industry.............................................................................................................29 4.4 Summary ...................................................................................................................................29 5.0 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS ON GROUNDWATER..................................................................31 5.1 Groundwater recharge ...............................................................................................................31 5.1.1 Land use effects on groundwater quantity ..................................................................31 5.1.2 Land use effects on groundwater quality ....................................................................31 5.2 Groundwater residence time......................................................................................................31 5.3 Groundwater discharge..............................................................................................................32 5.3.1 Groundwater use – drinking water supplies ................................................................32 5.3.2 Groundwater surface water interaction .......................................................................32 5.3.3 Salt water intrusion .....................................................................................................33 ©Institute of Geological & Review of groundwater resources Nuclear Sciences Limited i In the Bay of Plenty Region Confidential 2005 6.0 ENVIRONMENT BAY OF PLENTY CURRENT PRIORITIES.....................................................34 7.0 GAPS ANALYSIS .................................................................................................................................35 8.0 INVESTIGATION PLAN.....................................................................................................................37 8.1 Investigation needs ....................................................................................................................37 8.2 Summary of plan for the next five years ...................................................................................37 8.2.1 Basic information on all aquifers ................................................................................38 8.2.2 High priority aquifers..................................................................................................38 9.0 REFERENCES ......................................................................................................................................39 APPENDIX 1........................................................................................................................................................43 APPENDIX 2........................................................................................................................................................44 APPENDIX 3........................................................................................................................................................47 APPENDIX 4........................................................................................................................................................51 APPENDIX 5........................................................................................................................................................52 APPENDIX 6........................................................................................................................................................59 FIGURES Figure 1. Locations of wells in the Bay of Plenty region........................................................................................2