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Human Rights and Market Fundamentalism
MWP – 2014 /02 Max Weber Programme Human Rights and Market Fundamentalism AuthorMary Nolan Author and Author Author European University Institute Max Weber Programme Human Rights and Market Fundamentalism Mary Nolan Max Weber Lecture No. 2014/02 This text may be downloaded for personal research purposes only. Any additional reproduction for other purposes, whether in hard copy or electronically, requires the consent of the author(s), editor(s). If cited or quoted, reference should be made to the full name of the author(s), editor(s), the title, the working paper or other series, the year, and the publisher. ISSN 1830-7736 © Mary Nolan, 2014 Printed in Italy European University Institute Badia Fiesolana I – 50014 San Domenico di Fiesole (FI) Italy www.eui.eu cadmus.eui.eu Abstract In the 1970s human rights and market fundamentalism gained prominence in the United States, Europe and Latin America. These were simultaneously discourses, ideologies, national movements and transnational networks, and policies that states and NGOs sought to impose. Human rights and market fundamentalism both claimed universal applicability and dismissed previous ideologies; they adhered to methodological individualism, critiqued the state, and marginalized the social. But despite striking affinities, there is no single relationship between human rights and market fundamentalism from the 1970s through the 1990s. This talk explores three cases where human rights were defined and new human rights policies developed, and where neoliberal policies were debated and implemented: in Eastern Europe, in Latin America and in the case of women’s economic rights as human rights. Keywords Human rights, market fundamentalism, Eastern Europe, Latin America, women’s economic rights. -
Mises Research Report
CSSN Research Report 2021:2: The Mises Institute Network and Climate Policy. 9 Findings Policy Briefing July 2021 About the authors October, 2020. CSSN seeks to coordinate, conduct and support peer-reviewed research into the Dieter Plehwe is a Research Fellow at the Center for institutional and cultural dynamics of the political Civil Society Research at the Berlin Social Science conflict over climate change, and assist scholars in Center, Germany. Max Goldenbaum is a Student outreach to policymakers and the public. Assistant of the Center for Civil Society Research at the Berlin Social Science Center, Germany. Archana This report should be cited as: Ramanujam is a Graduate student in Sociology at Brown University, USA .Ruth McKie is a Senior Plehwe, Dieter, Max Goldenbaum, Archana Lecturer in Criminology at De Montfort University, Ramanujam, Ruth McKie, Jose Moreno, Kristoffer UK. Jose Moreno is a Predoctoral Fellow at Pompeu Ekberg, Galen Hall, Lucas Araldi, Jeremy Walker, Fabra University, Spain. Kristoffer Ekberg is a Robert Brulle, Moritz Neujeffski, Nick Graham, and Postdoctoral Historian at Chalmers University, Milan Hrubes. 2021. “The Mises Network and Sweden, Galen Hall is a recent graduate of Brown Climate Policy.” Policy Briefing, The Climate Social University and researcher in the Climate and Science Network. July 2021. Development Lab at Brown University, USA, Lucas https://www.cssn.org/ Araldi is a PhD student in Political Science at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Jeremy Walker is a researcher with the Climate Justice Research Centre at the University of Technology Sydney. Robert Brulle, Visiting Professor of Climate Social Science Network Environment and Society and Director of Research, Climate Social Science Network, Brown University. -
Karl Polanyi's Critique
Author: Block • Filename: POMF-CH.4 LHP: THE POWER OF MARKET FUNDAMENTALISM RHP: TURNING THE TABLES Words: 6,291 / Chars: 40,895 • 1 • Printed: 06/18/14 8:39 PM Author: Block • Filename: POMF-CH.4 4 Turning the Tables Polanyi’s Critique of Free Market Utopianism In The Rhetoric of Reaction, Albert Hirschman (1991), identifies three distinct “rhetorics” that conservatives have used to discredit reform movements since the French Revolution. Chapter 6 of this volume is devoted to the “rhetoric of perversity”—the claim that a reform will have exactly the opposite of its intended effects and will hurt the intended beneficiaries. The second, “the rhetoric of jeopardy” is exemplified by Friedrich Hayek’s The Road to Serfdom (2007 [1944]); it is the claim that a reform will erode the freedoms we depend on. Hirschman’s third is the “rhetoric of futility”—the insistence that a reform is literally impossible because it goes against everything that we know is natural about human beings and social arrangements. This is the ploy that Malthus used in his Essay on the Principle of Population (1992 [1798]) to challenge the egalitarian ideas of William Godwin. Malthus professed to admire the beauty of Godwin’s vision, but he ultimately dismissed the vision as impossible. It was futile because Malthus declared it to be against the laws of nature—in other words, utopian. The rhetoric of futility is the main weapon that conservative intellectuals have wielded against socialists and communists for more than two centuries. They contend that an egalitarian social order would destroy any incentives for effort and creativity, which makes it utterly inconsistent with human nature. -
Market Fundamentalism and the World Bank Group: from Structural Adjustment Programmes to Maximizing Finance for Development and Beyond
Market Fundamentalism and the World Bank Group: from Structural Adjustment Programmes to Maximizing Finance for Development and Beyond International Trade Union Confederation Cover: © Adobe Stock Contents Acronyms .................................................................................................................................................................................. 4 Foreword ................................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................................................. 6 The rise and fall of the Washington Consensus .............................................................................................................. 7 From post-war reconstruction to Washington Consensus ....................................................................................... 7 The failure of the Washington Consensus ................................................................................................................... 8 The World Bank Group in the 21st century ...................................................................................................................... 11 Lending and policy advice .............................................................................................................................................. -
A Perspective of Global Capitalism
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones 2009 A Perspective of global capitalism James Soller University of Nevada Las Vegas Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations Part of the International and Area Studies Commons, International Economics Commons, International Law Commons, and the International Relations Commons Repository Citation Soller, James, "A Perspective of global capitalism" (2009). UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones. 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.34917/1385074 This Thesis is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by Digital Scholarship@UNLV with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Thesis in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Thesis has been accepted for inclusion in UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones by an authorized administrator of Digital Scholarship@UNLV. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A PERSPECTIVE OF GLOBAL CAPITALISM by James Soller Bachelor of Arts University of Nevada, Las Vegas 2005 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Arts in Political Science Department of Political Science College of Liberal Arts Graduate College University of Nevada, Las Vegas December 2009 Copyright by James Soller 2010 All Rights Reserved THE GRADUATE COLLEGE We recommend that the thesis prepared under our supervision by James Soller entitled A Perspective of Global Capitalism be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Political Science Jonathan Strand, Committee Chair Mark Lutz, Committee Member Dennis Pirages, Committee Member David Hassenzahl, Graduate Faculty Representative Ronald Smith, Ph. -
Historically Illustrating the Shift to Neoliberalism in the U.S. Home Mortgage Market
societies Essay Historically Illustrating the Shift to Neoliberalism in the U.S. Home Mortgage Market Ivis García City and Metropolitan Planning Department, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 60608, USA; [email protected] Received: 8 October 2018; Accepted: 12 January 2019; Published: 18 January 2019 Abstract: This article takes a long view of the U.S. housing market; from its inception as locally owned and operated Building Societies, through one of the first major U.S. housing crises in the early 1930s, as well as through the prosperous and surprisingly stable post-WWII era the so-called “Long Boom” during Keynesianism. As labor shortages became more severe, accompanied by stagflation and the simultaneous urban, fiscal, and oil crises of the late 60s and early 70s, key sectors of the U.S. economy rallied to dismantle established Keynesian policies. While the new policies associated with laissez–faire economic liberalism certainly aided in the mobility of capital, the overall economy as a result of this neoliberal turn became increasingly unstable and inequitable. This article seeks to add knowledge to the neoliberalism theory. The author concludes, based on a historical case study of the Savings and Loans industry, that neoliberalism was not a deterministic overthrow of neoliberal ideologues but a haphazard response to the contradictions of Keynesian logic. It is only from a historical approach that we may be able to understand the current housing crisis, foster policy innovation, and allow for institutional change within the U.S. mortgage market sector. Keywords: banking; financial institutions; industry; mortgages 1. Introduction The effect of neoliberalism in the field of housing studies has gained considerable attention among scholars [1–4]. -
Response to Shannon Brincat
Anarchist Developments in Cultural Studies ISSN: 1923-5615 2013.2: Ontological Anarché: Beyond Materialism and Idealism Response to Shannon Brincat Mohammed A. Bamyeh For a review essay about a book to be at least partially useful, it needs to give a reader a syno psis of what the book actually says, before it proceeds to evaluating it. Instead, Shannon Brincat seems to approach the review as a chance to expound upon his own vision of the world, rather than as an invitation to engage with the book in question. Thus no one who has not read my book would actually know what it really says by simply reading Brincat’s review, which misses most of the book. Instead he fo- cuses on two themes, civil society and the market, but again in a way that seems to have missed or total ly misrepresents what my book actually says about these themes. I will first say a few words about the question of the market, which is more straightforward. Next I will address the more complex question of civil society, which involves conceptual, histori cal and psychological dimen- sions that are fully distorted in Brincat’s essay. The most glaring error in Brincat’s essay is the claim that I am a supporter of market ideology and specifically so-called “anar- cho-capitalism,” which is a term that appears nowh ere in my book. The reason that I do not use “anarcho-capitalism” is be- cause the term is inaccurate and confusing, if not an oxymoron given the attitude of most anarchists, historically and today, to- ward capitalism. -
Donald Winch Stefan Collini the Dogma of Market Fundamentalism
Donald Winch Stefan Collini The dogma of market fundamentalism that has swept the Anglo-American world in recent decades likes to claim Adam Smith as its intellectual godfather. But as Donald Winch, who has died aged 82, demonstrated, first in his 1978 book Adam Smith’s Politics and then in subsequent writings, this is an ideological appropriation of Smith’s name which misrepresents his purposes and his achievement. As Winch convincingly showed, far from recommending unrestricted laissez-faire, The Wealth of Nations analyzed the potentially damaging effects of market relations on civic virtue, emphasizing the ‘mental mutilation’ that factory labour can inflict, and even musing on the politically educative effects of a citizen militia. Smith was not endorsing an unrestrained individualism: rather, he was, along with figures such as his close friend David Hume, exploring the character of ‘commercial society’ as part of a wider enquiry into the nature of law and government in modern states. Winch’s revisionist account of Smith’s larger intellectual project was typical of the scrupulous, deeply-researched scholarship that led him to be recognized as one of the world’s leading intellectual historians of political economy. Having been educated at LSE and Princeton as an economist, Winch never lost his mastery of even the most technical aspects of economic theory. But he combined this with a subtle, very learned form of intellectual history which re-situated such theories in the thick texture of assumption and debate in which they were originally formed. In this way, he re-shaped our understanding of the part played by economic reasoning in British culture from the late 18th to the mid 20th century, along the way rescuing such figures as Smith, Malthus, Marshall, and Keynes from both their worshippers and their detractors. -
Silent Conversion to Anti-Statism: Historical Origins of the Belief in Market Superiority
A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Engartner, Tim Working Paper Silent conversion to anti-statism: Historical origins of the belief in market superiority ZÖSS Discussion Paper, No. 28 Provided in Cooperation with: University of Hamburg, Centre for Economic and Sociological Studies (CESS/ZÖSS) Suggested Citation: Engartner, Tim (2012) : Silent conversion to anti-statism: Historical origins of the belief in market superiority, ZÖSS Discussion Paper, No. 28, Universität Hamburg, Zentrum für Ökonomische und Soziologische Studien (ZÖSS), Hamburg This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/55831 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend -
Moving Beyond Market Fundamentalism to a More ∗ Balanced Economy
Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics 80:3 2009 pp. 345–360 MOVING BEYOND MARKET FUNDAMENTALISM TO A MORE ∗ BALANCED ECONOMY by D. Joseph STIGLITZ Nobel Prize in Economics, University of Columbia (EEUU) Itisarealpleasuretobeheretotalkaboutasubjectwhichhas received increasing attention in the last week. In some ways, just as the fall of the Berlin Wall marked the end of Communism, 15 September 2008, marked the end of market fundamentalism, even though the weaknesses in both systems were evident long before. It was on 15 September that the American government made clear that it did not believe that markets by themselves worked and that for the American economy to continue, it would take massive governmental interventions of an unprecedented scale, larger in many ways than had even occurred during the Great Depression. Prior to that date, the US government had already spent 900 billion dollars, almost a trillion dollars, in bail-outs. It had increased the national debt by over five trillion dollars by assuming the debts of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. These are such large numbers that it is hard to come to terms with them, but they are the magnitude of what has happened in the last couple of weeks. But then, the US government made a commitment that it would take on literally hundreds of billions of dollars of bad mortgages; most experts think that it will probably be closer to another trillion dollars. Thus, we have a massive rethinking of the role of the gov- ernment and of the market. What I want to do is to look at this from a broader, more historical perspective and to end with some ∗ This paper was presented in opening session of the 27th international congress of CIRIEC, Sevilla 22–24 September, 2008 Email: [email protected] C 2009 The Author Journal compilation C CIRIEC 2009. -
The Hegemony of the Neoliberal Narrative
The Hegemony of the Neoliberal Narrative: Right Wing Discourses of ‘Common Sense’, the Weaponization of the Term ‘Liberal’, and the Shifting of the Political Spectrum by Victor M. A. Nascimento A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS in the Department of Sociology ©Victor Nascimento, 2021 University of Victoria All rights reserved. This thesis may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without the permission of the author. The Hegemony of the Neoliberal Narrative: Right Wing Discourses of ‘Common Sense’, the Weaponization of the Term ‘Liberal’, and the Shifting of the Political Spectrum by Victor M. A. Nascimento Supervisory Committee Dr. Steve Garlick, Supervisor Department of Sociology Dr. Edwin Hodge, Departmental Member Department of Sociology ii Abstract Among the most notable trends of the last several decades in the United States have been the rise of corporate power, the entrenchment of neoliberalism, the rise in inequality, along with discussions regarding the ‘culture wars’ and the phenomenon of polarization. The onset of the neoliberal era has been accompanied and facilitated by a decades-long marketing campaign propagating the consistent narrative of individualism over the collective, that government is the problem rather than a solution to problems, while associating freedom exclusively with the market. This thesis project draws on critical theory, Bourdieu’s concept of symbolic power, discourse, narrative and communications theory, along with some insights from social psychology to examine the discursive shifting of the political spectrum that has occurred over the last four decades and has helped to entrench market fundamentalism as a hegemonic common sense. -
Human Rights in the Age of Neoliberalism
A POWERLESS COMPANION: HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE AGE OF NEOLIBERALISM SAMUEL MOYN* I INTRODUCTION It is increasingly common to claim that international human rights law is a neoliberal phenomenon. And certainly the common timing is right: the human rights revolution and the victory of market fundamentalism have been simultaneous. In an important new essay, Marxist international lawyer Susan Marks compares Naomi Klein's The Shock Doctrine with my own recent history of international human rights, which emphasizes the 1970s as the moment of breakthrough for their ascent. Both histories, Marks observes, ascribe the newfound visibility of human rights to their promise to transcend formerly attractive political options east and west that seemed inadequate or even dangerous.! "For her too," Marks acknowledges of Klein's treatment, "the human rights movement as we know it today took shape during the 1970s. And for her too, a defining characteristic of the new movement was its non-political creed."2 But for Marks, Klein succeeds by unveiling the neoliberal circumstances of human rights that have permanently defined their trajectory: [S]he considers that a rather important aspect of the context for the movement's emergence is one Moyn omits to mention: the rise in that period of the neo-liberal version of 'private' capitalism, with its now familiar policy prescription of privatisation, deregulation and state retreat from social provision. To its influential enthusiasts then and now, that is the last utopia. .. From Klein's perspective, then, the history of human rights cannot be told in isolation from developments in the history of capitalism." (At this point Marks notes that Milton Friedman won the Nobel prize for economics in 1976, the year before Amnesty International was given the Nobel Copyright @ 2014 by Samuel Moyn.