Quality of Water of Big Mineral Arm and Tributaries Lake Texoma
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TEXAS WATE R DEVELOPMENT BOA RD REP 0 RT 35 QUALITY OF WATER OF BIG MINERAL ARM AND TRIBUTARI ES LAKE TEXOMA, TEXAS January 18-20 and February 10-11, 1966 NOVEMBER 19 6 6 TEXAS WATER DEVELOPMENT BOARD REPORT 35 QUALITY OF WATER OF BIG MINERAL ARM AND TRIBUTARIES LAKE TEXOMA, TEXAS J anuary 18-20 and February 10-11, 1966 By H. B. Mendieta and P . W. Skinner United States Geological Survey Prepared by the U.S. Ge ological Survey in cooperation with t he Texas Water Deve lopment Board a nd the City of Sherman Novembe r 1966 TABLE OF CONTENTS Pa ge I NTRODUCTION. .••.. • .•••••.• • .•... •• • • .•.•••.••.• • •••....•.•.. .. • . •• . • 1 QUA LI TY OF WATER OF BIG MINERAL ARM .•.••.• • ••••••••••.••.••• •• .••...• . • 1 QUALITY OF WATER OF TRIBUTARIES TO BIG MINERAL ARM ............ ... ..... 6 CONCLUSIONS................. ...•.. ..•...... •...•.•••. ..•. ...•. 10 RECOMMENDATIONS. • ••••••••.••.•••.•.••.•...••.••.••••••..••...••..••••• 14 REFERE NCES CITED. ........................... ...................... ..... 16 TABLES 1. Di agrammatic table s howi ng depths , s pec i f i c conduc t ances, a nd ch lor i des in that or de r f or sampling s i t es i n Bi g Mineral Arm, January 20, 1966............. ................. ... ... 4 2 . Chemi cal ana lyses of water from Bi g Mi ne r al Arm and ma i n body of Lake Texoma , J anuary 20, 1966 . .. .. .. .. ...... .... .. 5 3 . Chemica l ana lyses of inflow water du r ing low and high f lows i nto Big Mine ral Arm, J an uary 18- 19 and February 10- 11, 1966............. ... ... ........... ............. .......... 8 ILLUSTRATIONS Figures 1 . Map of Lake Texoma and Vi cinity Showing Location of Repo r t Area .. ... .... .. ........... .. ... .. ..... ....... .. .. ... 2 2 . Map Showi ng Locati ons of Sampling Si tes . .... .. .. ..... ... ... .. .. 3 3 . Stiff Diagrams of Sele cted Chemical Analys es of Lake Texoma and Red Ri ve r Waters ................... .. ... ............ .. 7 4. Sti ff Diagrams of Chemic al Analys e s of I nf l ow Water During Low and Hi gh Flows into Big Minera l Arm 11 i ii QUALITY o F W ATE R o F BIG M IN ERA L A RM AN DT R IB UT AR I ES L AKE TEXOM A, TE XA S Ja nu ar y 1 8- 2 0 a nd F e br uar y 1 0- 11 , 19 6 6 INTRODUCTION On Januar y 18-20 and February 10-11, 1966, a quality-of-water s urvey was made o f the Bi g Mineral Arm and its tributaries , Lake Texoma , Texas (Figure 1). The purpose wa s to de t e r mi ne suitability of wa ter in the Ar m fo r mu nici pa l suppl y . Water quality was de t e rmi ned a t various l ocations a nd depths in Bi g Mineral Arm and was also determined at three verticals in the main body (Red River) of Lake Texoma for comparison with the quality of Big Mineral Arm (Fig ure 2). Sampling s i t e s on 16 of the largest tributaries t o Bi g Mineral Ar m were visited on January 18-19, 1966 ( a period of l ow-flow o f the tributaries) , and samples were collected a t 10 s i tes where there was flow. Heav y r ains in the second week o f Fe bruary ca used substantial runoff in the dra i nage a r ea of Big Mi ne r a l Arm. Samples from the 16 inflow sites we r e col lected on February 10-11, 1966, to compare t he chemical qua l i ty of t he wa t er du r i ng high r u noff wi t h that of l ow flow . The quality-of-water survey was do ne und er a co operative agr eement wi t h the city of Sherman and the Texas Water Development Board . Field a nd laboratory work required to sample and a na l yze the inflows into Bi g Mineral Arm during February were done as a part of chemical-quality r econnaissance of the Red River basin, which i s a coo perative pro ject o f the Texas Water Development Board and the U.S. Geological Survey . QUALITY OF WATER OF BIG MINERAL ARM On J anuary 20, 1966, the water i n Big Mine ra l Arm of Lake Texoma was e ssen tially the s ame in che mica l qua l i ty from top to bo t tom (Tables 1 a nd 2) . From the analyses it s eems reasonable t o infer that complet e mixing ma y be the nor mal cond i t i o n during the winter . In winter, the a i r t empera ture i s usua l l y lower than the t emperature o f the wa t e r in the lake, and thus t he t op l a yer o f water is cooled, increa sing its de nsi t y. Whe n the density of t he lake wa t e r near the surface becomes grea t er than the dens ity o f the wat er a t the bottom, the t o p l a yer of water moves towa rd t he bo t tom a nd u l tima te ly t he lake becomes completely mixed . TISHOMIJrlGO , ~, , : "~~?J ':" .s, r~:~' ~--- ·1.:'-'· AIl DM(lllO( ---- ! I r·· ·1 MADILl. :'•.Jj ' ..Q.R.J!B-_~QU~ LOVE COUNTY I L ~ l;L......_ AolT :L ...J ............\ ~~~~Ho4t4 f· · ·~ ~ rE~s C".J rJ '- · ....!, r----: WHITES-o , , : : S HU MiUoI JG.\II'tESVILLE "- ":'~ , 0 , l 1 4 , .,us Figure I Lake Texama and Vicinit y Showing Location of Report Area U. S. Geologic ol Surve y in cooperation with the Texas Water Development Boord and the City of Sherman - 2 - o "l il u ! Brushy 4 L~-'....,--- - l : ,! POTTS B~OFio-"'" / r .r-: Bra ,?ch J PERRIN AIR FORCE BASE EXPLANATION 10 .'. -.......- Sam pling Sites - -~ SADLER In lake alang ran ge line ( c indicates site is. in "channel; L indicates stte is re tt ot chann el; R indicates site is r ight of channel) 6 , • In loki nat a.long12 rangl l inl In tributary t o l ok e Figure 2 Analyses shawn an Figures 3 ond 4 Locations of Sampling Sites u. S GeoloQico l Surv ey in cooperation with th e tescs Water Develo pment Boord and the Citj of Sherman - 3 Table 1 .--Di agr amma tic tab l e showi ng dept hs, s pecific conduc tances, and chlor i des i n th at order for sampling s ites i n Big Minera l Arm, January 20 , 1966 [Exa c t l ocation of sampl i ng points shown on Figur e 2 . Specific conducta nce in micromhos at 25°C and chlor ide in parts pe r million . .] P 2 Top -2480-532 40 £t-2500-540 PI Top -2420-515 55 £t-26 70-578 P 3 Top-2360 - 502 42 Et -2 360-498 A A c R Top -2340-495 Top-2340-495 51 Et -2340-495 36 £t-2350-500 P4 Top - 2270-482 44 £t- 23 50- 495 B B L c Top -2240-470 Top -231O- 485 22 £t-2290-482 34 £t-2340-495 P P 6 5 No Top- 22 10-46 5 sample 34 £t -2200 -465 P 8 Top-2 120-442 30 £t-2190-482 c c Top-1950- 400 25 ft-19 70 -408 P P P P 13 12 11 10 No sample 4 Et - 1920-395 No s amp le Top- 194 0- 398 16 £t - 1930-400 D c DR Top -1940-398 Top -1940-400 11 £t-1940-400 12 £t-1940-398 P P 1 5 14 3 Et-1930-395 No sample P 16 Top -1870-382 9 £t-1880-382 EL ER 4 Et -1890-388 6 £t-1890-390 P P 18 17 2 Et - 1800-368 3 £t-1890-385 - 4 _ Ta ble 2 . __Che ml cal analys t'S o f wa ter from Bi g Min" r al Ar .. and mai n bod y of La ke Texo""" J a nuary 20 , 196 6 Lake su r fa ce e l e vat i o n 613 .2 fe e t Res u l ts in pa rts per millio n e xc e p t a s ind ica t e d Hardnes8 Ir on Il1s80lved solids Speclfl as CaCO (Fe) BI- ( cal culat ed ) I So- coo- Mag- PO- Car- dlum S it" Dt-pth Cal - car- Fluo- NI- Di u olve d duct- T" mp. ~U.c Sod' um tae- boo- Sulfate Chl oride Cal - n ..l d of In dum bon- r ide irate o x y ge-n .... ( of) So l u- ... TooJl Noo- anon pH (StOo) Tota l .Ium (Nal alum ate (SO.) P arts dum, co t I e c r t oe fee t (Ca) at. ten IF) (DO) ..rp- ," t i on (Mi) (K) (NOJ pe, pe' car· mlcro- (HCOJ ICOJ Mag- li oo million ac r e- no- boo- ~.?" a' at. catlo 25·C) i /00' .'um , I To, 48 -- -- -- -- .... I " 0 31 . n s .. .. 11.5 -- -- 4" 36' .. 2 .4 20 7. , 8 2 >0 -- -- -- -- .- -- .- .- -- m -- -. 11.3 -- -- _. -- -- 2 .6 70 -- 8 2 " 134 ' 2 To, 48 2.8 -- _--. 36 l28 136 0 320 m 0.3 1.8 n.s 1 ,420 1.93 48 4 312 .., 2 .48 0 7.' 8 I 40 -- .