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Lessons Learned from Lessons Learned From Workshop on the Framework of LongLong--TermTerm Capacity Building for Disaster Risk Reduction in APEC Lessons Learned from Typhoon Morakot Dr. Hsu, Ming-Hsi Deputy Director, National Science & Technology Center for Disaster Reduction Professor, National Taiwan University Chinese Taipei 2 I Introduction II Damage and Losses III Lesson Learned IV Conclusions 3 I Introduction 4 Introduction • Before the end of June, we face a challenge of the drought problem . In the southern island, it did no rain in 60 consecutive days . The water storages in main reservoirs decreased to a lower stage fihifor operations at that time Shihmen Reservoir : 69 million tons (33%) Zengwen Reservoir : 126 million tons (21%) Nanhua Reservoir : 28 million tons (24%) . We expect Typhoon Morakot bringing rainfall to quench the dhdrought. • The Typhoon Morakot affected northern island on Aug. 7-9, but it results the worst flood in 50 years at southern island 5 Course of Typhoon Aug 5-6: Moved fast toward Chinese Taipei. Aug. 7 : Slowed down and out skirt touched the island. Aug. 8 : Made landfall at 00:00; Center left the island at 14:00 at very slow pace. Aug. 9 ： Gradually moved toward China. 6 Doppler Radar Image • UilUnsymmetrical structure of rain clouds aroundtd typh oon •The typhoon rain cloud The Central Ridge interacted with suppl ying extra Eye moisture by southwest monsoon result large amount of rainfall in the south of the island. 7 Southwest Monsoon Interacted with Morakot by Supplying Extra Moisture Morakot Chinese Taipei 8 Accumulated Rainfall of Typhoon Morakot Accumulated Rainfall Annual 08/07- 08/07-08/10 County Township Rainfall 08/10 vs (mm) (mm) Annual Chiayi Alishan 3,910 2,965 76% Pingtung Sandimen 3,884 2,872 74% Chiayi Jhuci 3,801 2,775 73% Kaohsiung Taoyuan 4,086 2,790 68% Kaohsiung Liouguei 3,138 2,461 78% Chiayi Fanlu 3,437 2,202 64% Chiay i Dapu 2, 749 2, 156 78% Kaohsiung Jiasian 2,861 2,020 71% Nantou Sinyi 3, 254 1, 929 59% Kaohsiung Maolin 3,152 1,404 45% PinPingtunggtung WWutaiutai 2,898 1,160 40% Kaohsiung Cishan 2,365 924 39% 9 Rainfall Intensityyp Compared with World Records Accumulated 10000 Rainfall WorldWorld Record Record MORAKOT Morakot 1000 Rainfall(mm) 100 10 100 1000 10000 100000 1hr 3hr 6hr 12hr 1day 2day3day Duration(min) Source: WRA, MOEA 10 II Damages and Losses 11 Levee breaks of Linbian River, Pingtung County 資料來源： 屏東科技大學災害防救中心 破堤 12 13 Damaggyed Levees by Flood • Taimali Township of Taitung County, East Coast Drifted tree trunks 2007 2009/08/11 14 144 townships (45% of 319) flooded 15 Tainan County The southern science park 北 02.55 鹿寮溪水庫 situates at Tainan County, one of kilometres 水 排 排 水 寮 排 白河水庫 後 菁後壁鄉 林 後鎮排水 樹 白河鎮 the most important industrial 烏樹 白河鎮 八掌溪 烏 許秀才排水 新營市 bases, has no inundation and 急水溪 新營市 大 吉貝耍排水 腳 吉貝耍排水 新田寮 鹽水鎮 腿 曾文水庫 寮排水 排 東山鄉 曾文水庫 德元埤 水 damage due to well -established 三寮灣堤外線排水路 尖山埤 三寮灣堤外線排水路 柳營鄉 龜子港排水 柳營鄉 北門鄉 將軍溪排水 學甲鎮 下營鄉 下營鄉 六甲鄉 drainage systems and four 山子腳排水 六甲鄉 漚汪排水 將軍鄉 麻豆鎮 排水 麻豆鎮 官田鄉 烏山頭水庫 番子田排水官田鄉 後 detention ponds with 45 hectares. 大寮排水 官田溪 大寮排水 官田溪 楠西鄉 佳里鎮 營 渡子頭溪 七股鄉 排 溪尾排水 大內鄉 六成排水 山石子瀨排水大內鄉 六成排水 西港鄉 水 善化鎮 石子瀨排水 善化鎮 上 劉厝排水 安定排水 大內排水 排 排 內江排水 水 玉井鄉 安定鄉 新市鄉 山上鄉 南化水庫 水 排水 那拔林溪 洲排 那拔林溪 大洲 南化鄉 曾文溪 虎頭溪排水 南化鄉 永康排水 水 溪排水 新化鎮 鹿耳門排水 水溪 左鎮鄉 鹽 永康市 左鎮鄉 southern桔子溪排水 science park 鹽水溪 埤子頭排水 仁德鄉 水 關廟鄉 龍崎鄉 排 宮 水 爺 排 三 溝 二仁溪 尾 歸仁鄉 港 0 50 150 300 500 600 >600 (單位：cm) (資料來源:台南縣政府) 16 Soil Deposition in Rivers Slopeland Remains Sediment Outflow Slopeland Sediment Remains 0. 8 billions m3 Yields Upstream Sedimentation 0.15 billions 1.2 billions m3 in Rivers 0.4 billions m3 Downstream 0.25 billions Source: SWCB 17 Sediment Deposition in Rivers BidBridge a t Liukuei (六龜) Township After Before Source: Kaohsiunggy County 18 Siaolin Village_the Hardest -hit Area • Jiasian Township of Kaohsiung County • 400 dead and 53 missing • Landslide, barrier lake and mudslide Buried Area Before After 19 Aerial Imageries of Siaolin Village Imagery in 2007 Imagery of Aug. 15, 2009 20 Dam Safety for Reservoir • In the Morakot, the peak inflow of Tsengwen reservoir was 11,729 m3/s which exceeded the spillway capacity of 9,470 m3/s. Fortunately, there are no severe damage in the reservoir . • We wonder that the extreme rainfall may happen in the catchment of other main reservoirs , especially in Shihman Reservoir at upstream of Taipei city. RiReservoir Tsengwen Nanhua Shihmen Item Catchment area (km2) 481.6 108.3 763.4 Morakot Peak Inflow (m3/s) 11,729 3,030 Morakot Peak Outflow (m3/s) 8, 367 2, 718 Spillway capacity (m3/s) 9470 4332 13800 Spillway capacity/Catchment area (mm/hr) 19. 66 40. 00 18. 08 Inflow of Reservoir/ Spillway capacity 1.24 0.70 21 Capacity Loss of the Reservoir BfBefore t he TTyp hoon Mora kot, t he tota l se dimentat ion of f40 40 reservoirs was 300 millions m3 (13.02% of effective capacity ). At the typhoon Aere (2004), 28 million m3 deposited in Shihmen reservoir and 18 million m 3 in Tsengwen reservoir . At the Typhoon Morakot, about 70 million m 3 deposited in Tsengwen reservoir. The sedimentation deposited in reservoir will reduce the effective capacity of storage for water supply. 22 Off-Site Reservoir- Alternative Solution for Sediment Dam directly constructed in a river usuall y suff er ed fro m t he sed ime nt deposited in reservoir, like most of reservoirs in the island,,p especially faced on the climate change. The off-site reservoir, having small river catchment and water intake from other river, need to consider in the future. 23 III Learned from Typhoon Morakot 24 31I3.1 Improv ing th e A ccuracy of fR Ra inf all and Flood Forecastingggyp during Typhoon 25 The Real Time Flood Forecast System Three Steps to Emergency Response Rea-time Scientific In-time Monitoring Prediction Operation • Provide updated data • Provide forecasting • Provide reaction based on based on gggauges based on models well-defined plan • Tool for pinpointing blind • Tool for pre-disaster • Tool for saving more time areas by forecast deppyloyment before it’s too late • Reference for revising • Reference for decision • Reference for allocating decision support support emergency support • Limited by number, • Limited by technology • Limited by determination location, transmission development of all-level administrators 26 Enhancement of Typhoon Monitoring System 1. Though h we have 406 rea l-tiiflld4Dlime rainfall gauges and 4 Doppler radar stations around the island, it is still insufficient to emergency response flfor large scal e wea ther vari itiations. 2. A regional weather information platform is needed to improve the accuracy of rainfall forecasts . 27 River Monitoring System is an Essential Element to Flood Warning • The Danshuei River Flood Forecasting System provides flood warning with 6-hr lead time river stage forecasting for the metropolitan Taipei area. • The system should be implemented in other major rivers ihildin the island. 28 3.2 Strengthening the Emergency Response and Relief at all Levels 29 Detestation After Typhoon Blocked Emerg ency Relief 1. Major challenges to emergency rescue • Bad weather condition jeopardized air-lifting operation • Interruption of roads and bridges restrained access to the affected areas. • More complexity of severe weather and interrupted transportation than the 1999 Chi -Chi Earthquake 2.At initial stage right after typhoon, government takes critics and pressure from the media and the public 30 Mobilization of Military Sectors to Speed up Emergency Response and Post-Disaster Recovery Item Number Military personnel 134,792 Flights of Helicopter 1,652 Flights of Aerial Surveillance 21 Military Vehicle 4, 000 Non-military Vehicle 5,156 Rubber Boat 269 Machinery 300 Boat 5 ERlifEmergency Relief Material 227 ton 31 Case Comparison of Pre-disaster Evacuation from the Typhoon Morakot Without Pre-disaster Evacuation Because of no majj,or landslide before, villagers decided to stay •Spot: Siaolin Village, Jiasian Township •Damage and causality: the landslide cased 350 damaged houses and 453 people dead With Pre-disaster Evacuation Villagers followed the red alert of debris flow • Spot: Yushan Village, Nanhua Township • No causality reported • If no evacuation in time, the 50 damaged hldthbfhouses could cause the number of causality to 71 32 Strengthening disaster preparedness measures and rescue resources in local governments • Community residents are the executors . • Through various activities to encourages participation • Provide needed knowledge and resources. discussion workshop lecture education meeting parties field survey mapping training exercise training 33 3.3 Improving Land Use Management and Land Conservation Planning 34 Relocation of the Affected Villages with High Potential Risk Required base to The affected portions of villages to be relocated accommodate (ha) Shaolin (小林) Village 7.92 Namasia (那瑪夏) Township Ethnic Village 20.00 Liouguei （六龜）Township Wutai （霧台）Township Ali Village, etc. 5.92 Fangliao （枋寮）Township, etc. 15.06 Majia （瑪家）Township 15.44 35 Comprehensive River Basin Management Land use with disaster risk reduction Flooding vulnerability map ( 降雨加強 氣候 變遷 降雨 ) 擋水 逕流 排水 涵養(水) 抽、 排水 擋水 蓄、泛洪 滯、調洪 入滲 強風 (堤防) 排水 入滲 (補注) 暴潮 (閘門) 疏、分洪 ︵潮汐 (抽水站) 地下水補注 海水上升︶ 平地 平原 農田(水田) 都市化地區(鋪面化) 坡地、丘陵 果園 (都市、鄉鎮) 林地、 旱田 海岸 水塘、湖 山地 海洋 河川、排水系統 河流 果園、 野溪、水庫 (森林) 河口 滯洪、調洪設施 灌溉系統 脆弱性增加 恢復力降低 集中降雨 災害強度增強 Analysis of flood vulnerability with locality factors 氣象 淹水 地層下陷 社會經濟 總人口 彰雲嘉 沿海地 ○＋ ＋ ＋ － 區 高雄台 南都會 ＋○ － － ＋ 區 高屏沿 ＋＋ － ＋ － 35 海區 36 IV Conclusions 37 Future Work 1.
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