PL

APPENDIX 1: ORDERS IN COUNCIL

473 P.C. 1988-58 eeting of the Committee of the llency the Governor General

WHEREAS there exists a historic opportunity to create a unique, world class waterfront in : AWD WHEREAS there is a clear, public understanding that the challenge can only be achieved with more cooperation among the various levels of government, boards, commissions and special purpose bodies and the private sector: AND WHEREAS the Intergovernmental Waterfront Committee has identified a number of urgent matters that must be studied and dealt with: AND WHEREAS the Government of has certain jurisdictional an6 property responsibilities in the area: Now therefore, the Committee of the Privy Council, on the recommendation of the Prime Minister, advise that the Honourable David Crombie be authorized to act as a Commissioner effective from June 1, 1988, and that a Commission, to be effective from that date, do issue under Part I of the Inquiries Act and under the Great Seal of Canada, appointing the Honourable David Crombie to be a Commissioner to inquire into and to. make recommendations regarding the future of the and to seek the concurrence of affected authorities\ in such recommendations, in order to ensure that, in the public interest, Federal lands and jurisdiction serve to enhance the physical, environmental, legislative and administrative context governing the use, enjoyment and development of the Toronto Waterfront and related lands, and more particularly to examine

(a) the role and mandate of the Commission: (b) the future of the Toronto Island Airport and related transportation services: (a) the ism protection and renewal nvironment insofar as they re esponsibilities and jur isd i

. . ./2

474 P.C. 1988-589

-2-

(d) the issues regarding the effective management of federal lands within the Toronto Waterfror It area: and

(e) the possible use of federal lands, facilities3. and jurisdiction to support emerging issues, such as the proposed Olympic Games and World' s Fair: and, The Committee do further advise that the lmmissioner

(a) be directed to seek full consultation with a1.I interested parties and especially the Provinc:e of and the City and Metropolitan Governments:

ne autnorizea to aaopt sucn proceaures ana methiods as he may from time to time deem expe'dient for the proper conduct of the inquiiry: [c) be a ssisted in the conduct of the inquiry, wher e appropriate, by the officers and empl oyees of the various departments or agen cies of the Government of Canada: [d) be a uthorized to sit at such times and in such plac es as may be required and to rent such space and facilities as may be required for his staff, in accordance with Treasurv Board policies,_. in both Ottawa and Toronto: I[e) be a uthorized to engage the services h staf f and technical advisors, includi coun sel, as he may consider necessary advi sable, at such rates of remuneratlun and reimibursement as may be approved by Treasury Boar d: be authorized to engage the services of such experts and other persons as are referred to in section 11 of the Inquiries Act who shall receive such remuneration and reimbursement as may be approved by Treasury Board:

be authorized to publish special studies as may be appropriate from time to time and to submit interim reports to the Governor in Council as may be required: ... 3

475 P.C. 1988-589

-3- he directed to submit his report in bath official Languages to the Governor in Council with all reasonable dispatch, but not later than June 1, 1991: and be directed to file the records and papers of the inquiry as soon as reasonably may be after the conclusion of the inquiry, with the Clerk of the Privy Council.

CERTIFIED TO SE I TRUE COPY - COPIE CERTIFI~E CONFORME &- CLERK OF THE PRIVY COUNCIL - LE GREFFIER DU CONSEIL PRlVE

476 Exruti~Council

On the recommendation of the undersigned, the Lieutenant Governor, by and with the advice and concurrence of the Executive Council, orders tkat

WHEREAS the Province of Ontario recognizes the importance of the Interim Report and recommendations of the federal Royal Commission on the Future of the Toronto Waterfront, of which the Honourable David Crombie is Commissioner; AND WHEREAS, in the spirit of returning the waterfront to the people, the Commissioner has recommended that there be intergovernmental management and co-operation, that the mandate of the Toronto Harbour Cornmission be refocussed and that the Toronto Harbour Commission lands and Provincial lands in the central waterfront be "pooled" for the purpose of carrying out a comprehensive environmental evaluation to assist in determining the most appropriate future uses of these lands: AND WHEREAS the Commission's Interim Report acknowledges the environmental significance of the waterfront and the ecological dependence of the waterfront on the headwaters, source areas and river valleys which drain into ; AND WHEREAS the Commission's Interim Reportialso recognizes the extensive socio-economic pressures which characterize waterfront development and the importance of rational planning and development of the waterfront on the future quality of life and well being of hinterland areas: AND WHEREAS the Province of Ontario recognizes the Provincial interest in a number of key aspects of the Commission's next phase (Phase 2), including ensuring that the natural environment is fully considered and given due weight in any deliberations regarding future development options for the waterfront, that open space and continuous public access are fundamental components of future waterfront development and that transportation and broader quality of life issues associated with the sustainable socio-economic development of the fastest growing economic area of the country are effectively managed:

477 -2- AND WHEREAS there are significant provincial land holdings which are integral to future waterfront development; AND WHEREAS the Province of Ontario wishes to coilaborate with the Federal Government in Phase 2 of the Royal Commission's work in order to achieve the objectives set out in the Royal Commission's Interim Report and to avoid any confusion regarding the position of the Province of Ontario on the need for coordinated and sensitive development of the waterfront and to avoid duplication in public hearings processes;

AND WHEREAS it is considered expedient to cause inquiry to be made under the Public Inquiries Act, R.S.Q. 1980, c. 411 concerning the following matters associated with the Toronto Waterfront, which matters are hereby declared to be of public concern; AND WHEREAS such inquiry is not regulated by any special law; NOW THEREFORE pursuant to the provisions of the said Public Inquiries Act a commission be issued to appoint the Honourable David Crombie a Commissioner: 1. to inquire into and recommend initiatives to preserve and create continuous public access to the water's edge extending from the eastern boundary of the Region of Durham to the western boundary of the Region of Halton; 2. to inquire into and make an environmental evaluation of those Toronto Harbour Commission lands and adjacent Provincial lands recommended to be pooled in the aforesaid Interim Report; 3. to inquire into and make recommendations on issues associated with management and development of the pooled and other appropriate waterfront lands, including: (a) appropriate allocation of waterfront lands to various uses, i.e. housing, open space, industrial and commercial uses ;

478 -3-

(b) waterfront transportation in the context of the regional transportation syscem; (c) housing and community development on the waterfront; and (d) employment and job opportunities relating to the waterfront;

4. to inquire into and recommend waterfront related initiatives to preserve and enhance the quality of the environment and the quality of life for people residing in the greater metropolitan area extending from the eastern boundary of the Region of Durham to the western boundary of the Region of Halton;

3. to inquire into and recommend financing proposals and other mechanisms to link and integrata the waterfront to the upstream watersheas in the aforementioned locations.

AND THAT the Commissioner shall complete his inquiry and assessment and make reconunendations and deliver his report by June 1, 1991; AND THAT all Government Ministries, Boards, Agencies and Commissions shall assist the Commissioner to the fullest extent in order that he may carry out his duties and functions, and that he shall have authority to engage such counsel, experts, technical advisors, investigators and other staff as he deems proper, at rates of remuneration and reimbursement to be approved by the Management Board of Cabinet: 1

Recommended

Approved and Ordered Date

479 P.C. 1991-479

Ccrtifiedto be a true copy of a Minute of a Meeting of the Cdttee of the Privy Council, approved by His Excellence the Governor General

CIIlD. an tlda 14 March, 1991

Pmw rrrmclL

the Royal Conmission on the Future of the nt was directed to submit a report to the cil embodying itg findings, recommendations and advice on or prior to June I, 1991;

the Conmission will not be in a posi- rt on or prior to June 1, 1991.

-FORE, the Committee o€ the Privy Council, ion of the Prime Minister, pursuant to iries Act, adviae that a commission do codssion issued pursuant to Order 88-589 of March 30, 1988 by deleting owing paragraph: said Comnissioner languages to the le dispatch, but n later than &ne 1, 1991;" substituting therefor the following

DO HEREBY dire said Commissioner port in both of languages to the e dispatch, but not later than December 30, 1991;"

CERTIFIEO TO BE A TRUE COPY - COPIE CERTIFI~ECONFORME &- CLERU OF THE PRIVY COUNCIL - LE GREFFIER DU CONSEIL PRIVE

480 Order in Council Decret

OiiGIO Executive Council

On the recommendation of the undersigned, the Sur la recommandation du swssign6, le Lieutenant Governor, by and with the advice and lieutenant-gouverneur, sur I'avis et avec le concurrence of the Executive Council, orders that: consentement du Conseil des ministres, d6crete ce qui suit :

WHEREAS the Honourable David Crombie was appointed a Cdssioner under the Public Inquiries Act by Order in Council 2465/89;

AND WHEREAS that Order in Council states that the Commissioner is required to coPaplete his inquiry and assessment and make recom- mendations and deliver his report by June 1, 1991;

AND WHEREAS it is deemed necessary and in the public interest to extend the period of appointment of the Commissioner;

NOW THEREFORE the Cdssioner, the Hgnourable David Crombie, shall complete his inquiry and assessment and make recormnendations and deliver his report by December 31, 1991. The directions contained in the Order in Council 2465189 continue to apply in all other respects.

Recomnded LMinister of the Environment

Approved and Ordered Mar ch.20,. 1991 Date

O.C./DOcret 536/91

48 1

ApPENDIX 2: ANNOTATED BI BLIOGRAPHY

ROYAL COMMISSION healthissues of the waterfrontecosystem: PUBLICATIONS waterquality, lakefilling, heritage preseIvation, In addition to this final report, the Commission naturalareas and wildlife,public involvement, has published 15 major discussion papers, two interim andjurisdictions. Recurrent themes include reports, 11 working papers, and 12 technical papers. the principle of sustainability,the goal of In general, each one summarized plans and initiatives virtuallyeliminating toxic substances,and in a subject area; highlighted issuesthat require the the ecosystemapproach. Bibliography. attention of all levels of government if the waterfront is to achieve its highest potential; and identified new 2. Housing and Neighbourhoods:The Liveable opportunities that could be pursued if there were Waterfront.1989. Royal Commission on greater co-ordination in the work of all governments dIe Future of dIe Toronto Waterfront. Housing and Neighbourhoods Work Group. and public authorities. The Royal Commission also published 13 issues ISBN 0-662-16936-0.DSS cat. no. Zl-1988! of the Newsletterof the Canadian Waterfront Resource 1-41-2E. Centre (ISSN0840-9846), in order to increase public Discusseshousing and neighbourhoods awarenessof issuesand policy directions. on or close to the Metro lakeshore: opportuni- ties exist for protecting the environment and DISCUSSION PAPERS enhancing existing neighbourhoods while, at the sametime, doubling the waterfront popula- 1. Environmentand Health: Issueson theTonmto tion through sensitive intensification of present Waterfront.1989. Royal Commission on the communities and careful development of new Future of the Toronto Waterfront. Environment neighbourhoods. Identifies key policy goals, and Health Work Group. ISBN 0-662-16539-2. and makes recommendations on how these can DSScat. no. Zl-1988/I-41-1E. be achieved in terms of affordability, planning Examines the existing policy framework and design controls, government co-ordination as it affects environment and health in relation and accountability. (Includes statistics which to 's waterfront and sug- are updated in the Royal Commission working gestsimprovements. Focuseson six topics paper, GreaterToronto Region and Watelfront: that illustrate many of the environfDentai and CommunityOverview.)

49.1 3. Accessand Movement.1989. Royal Commission 5. Jobs, opportunities, and Economic Growth. 1989. on the Future of the Toronto Waterfront. RoyalCommission on the Future of the Accessand Movement Work Group. Toronto Waterfront.jobs, Opportunities, ISBN 0-{)62-16937-9.DSS cat. no. ZI-1988/ and EconomicGrowth Work Group. 1-41-3E. .ISBN0-662-16939-5. DSS cat no. Zl-1988/ Proposesa network of transportation 1-41-5E. typesto and along the waterfront, with Recommends a working waterfront for particular attention to the waymodes interact Metropolitan Toronto, examines plans for the and support one another. Included in this 12 geographical areas on the waterfront,. and transportation framework are waterfront trans- identifies the major issuesand redevelopment portation centres, where different forms of opportunities related to those plans. Proposes transport come together, and where there are policy initiatives that might be used to encourage possibilities for development and accessto the industries to remain or relocate on the water- water. Discussesmany kinds of networks: trails front. Bibliography. and walkways,bicycles, parking lots, streetcars and buses,GO Transit -as well as waterfront 6. Persistenceand Change:Waterfront Issues and the scenic drives, extensions of north-south roads, Board of TorontoHarbour Commissionm.1989. visual access,recreational boating, and cruises. Royal Commission on the Future of the Maps include: existing transportation infra- Toronto Waterfront. Steering Committee on structure; the proposed transportation frame- Matters Relating to the Board of Toronto work; local issueson the Metro - Harbour Commissioners. ISBN 0-662-16966-2. front; and local issueson the central area DSScat. no. ZI-1988/1-41-6E. waterfront. Bibliography. Focuseson issuesassociated with Toronto's port and waterfront, examining Pams,Pleasures, and PublicAmenities. 1989. Royal issuesin terms of their history and the future, Commission on the Future of the Toronto with a view to developing a broad perspective Waterfront. Parks, Pleasures,and Public on the port and, more generally, the Toronto Amenities Work Group. ISBN 0-662-16936-0. waterfront. Not all waterfront issuesconsidered DSScat. no. Zl-1988/1-414E. in this report are exclusivelywithin the mandate Looks at open spaceand recreational of the Toronto Harbour Commissioners (THC) , issuesalong the Metropolitan Toronto water- but because they are important to the commu- front. There is an inventory of existing recre- nity as a whole, they may shape expectations ational facilities along the waterfront, followed of the THC. Covers such issuesas access, by an examination of policies, plans, and environment and health, the port, ownership, projects currently in effect or under active con- land use,and accountability. sideration by various public agencies,private developers,and other waterfront interests. TheFuture of the Toronto Island Ai1jlort: The Issues. Identifies newopportunities to improve public 1989.Royal Commission on the Future of the enjoyment of the waterfront, emphasizing gen- Toronto Waterfront. ISBN~62-17067-9. eral policy goals and implementation strategies. DSScat. no. Zl-1988jl-41-7E. Useful appendices include "Institutional Evaluatesissues involving the Toronto Framework" information on mandates, powers, IslandAirport, related transportationservices, and approaches of the major waterfront agents the needto developstrategic options that on the waterfront, at all levels of government. will meetthe needsof the aviationcompanies, Reading list. the travellingpublic, and the overallinterests of all usersof Toronto'swaterfront. Describes the airport'sorigins and history,reviews submissionsof more than 50 deputantsat

484 4.7. Commissionhearings on the airport,and 10. Environmentin Transition: A Reporion PhaseI of proposesa numberof approachesto making an EnvironmentalAudit of Toronto'sEast Bayfront decisionsabout the airport'sfuture. andPori Industrial Area.1990. Royal Commission Bibliography. on the Future of the Toronto Waterfront. ISBN 0-662-17847-5.DSS cat. no. Z1-1988j 8. A Green Strategyfor the Greater Toronto Waterfront: 1-52-3E. Background and Issues: A Discussion Paper. 1990. Using the ecosystemapproach, Phase I Royal Commission on the Future of the of the environmental audit seeksto understand Toronto Waterfront. ISBN 0-662-17671-5. connections and interactions among terrestrial, DSS cat. no. Zl-1988/1-41-8E. aquatic, and atmospheric components of the Complements Royal Commission environment and human activities in the East Publication no. 4, Pa1fls, Pleasures,and Public BayfrontjPort Industrial Area. Existing infor- Amenitie.l; summarizes information on current mation on environmental conditions in the ecological, recreational, and public uses and val- study area is reviewed, information gaps are ues along the Greater Toronto waterfront and identified, and a number of options for associated river valleys, as well as the progress research in Phase II are proposed. Publication of public agencies in maintaining or creating accompanied by Phase I technical papers: waterfront open space and recreational facili- AtmosPhericEnvironment, Built Heritage,Natural ties. Identifies gaps in and barriers to a linked Heritage,Soils and Groundwater,Aquatic system of waterfront and valley-land green Environment. spaces, and discusses issues and opportunities

that should be addressed by a Green Strategy, Pathways: TowardS an EcosystemApproach: as well as actions necessary to implement such A Report on PhasesI and II of an Environmental a strategy. Three appendices: summary of Audit of Toronto 's East Bayfront and Port regional and local municipality waterfront IndustrialArea. 1991. Royal Commission on policies; regional and municipal planning the Future of the Toronto Waterfront. documents and related studies; and specific ISBN 0-662-18577-3. DSS cat. no. Zl-1988/ issues and opportunities in waterfront munici- 1-41-11E. palities. Bibliography. Phase II of the audit provides a better understanding of the environmental conditions 9. WatelfrontTransportation in the Contextof of the East Bayfront/Port Industrial Area. RegionalTransportation: Background and Issues. Describes the physical structures of the study 1990.Royal Commission on the Future of the area ecosystem, including their historical Toronto Waterfront. ISBN0-662-17730-4. development. Examines how the ecosystem DSScat. no. ZI-1988/1-52-2E. functions, and makes a preliminary assessment Discussionpaper describes existing and of ecosystem health. Discusses the ecosystem potentialfuture transportationdemand, facili- approach, the notion of ecosystem integrity, ties,and services,for the GreaterToronto and the ways in which decisions are made Areaand for the GTAwaterfront in particular. about ecosystems, including issues of steward- Presentsexamples of interactionsbetween pro- ship and accountability. Proposes 29 recom- visionof transportationinfrastructure and land mendations toward improving ecosystem use.The final chapterposes questions which integrity in the East Bayfront/Port Industrial canserve as criteria in developingand eValuat- Area. Includes maps and bibliography. Publica- ing alternativetransportation concepts for the tion accompanied by Phase II technical papers: waterfront.Maps include existingtransporta- AtmosPheric Environment, Built Heritage of the tion infrastructure,and LakeShore Corridor East Bayfront, EcosystemHealth: A Biophysical transportationconcept. Perspective,Hazardous Material!', Natural Heritage, Soils and Groundwater, Water and Sediments.

485 u. 12. Planningfor Sustainability: Towards Integrating 14. Garrison Common: Preliminary Master Plan. Environmental Protection into Land-Use Planning. 1991. Royal Commission on the Future of the 1991. Royal Commission on the Future of the Toronto Waterfront, ISBN 0-662-19121-8. Toronto Waterfront. ISBN a-662-18929-9. DSScat. no. Z1-1988/1-41-14E. DSScat. no. Zl-1988/1-41-12E. Offers innovative recommendations for Discussesbetter waysto integrate envi- regenerating the environment and economy of ronmental and land-use planning in order to Garrison Common and enhancing surrounding promote environmentally sustainable economic neighbourhoods. Covers such sites as , development adequate to the needs of the Exhibition Place,Ontario Place, Coronation region during the next decade. Examines Park, HMCS York, the Tip Top Tailor building, various problems in Ontario's existing land-use the old Loblaw's warehouse,the Massey-Ferguson planning and enVironmental assessmentpro- works, and the Molson holdings. Seeksto estab- cess,and the need for reform. Suggestsreforms lish year-round use of the area, high-activity, that could immediately improve the system, public, urban waterfront parks, making the and calls for a public inquiry to study and con- Common a permanent home for a wider range sult on the issuesbefore any recommendations of regional outdoor/indoor events. Appendix can be made to government on whether and bibliography published separately. and how to develop a fully integrated system. Appendices, including one, 'Towards an 15. Toronto Central Waterfront Transportation Com'dor EcosystemApproach to Land-Use Planning', Study. 1991. Royal Commission on the Future that proposes a way in which growth and of the Toronto Waterfront. ISBN 0.662-19248-6. development could be planned. DSS cat. no. Zl-1988fl-41-15E Sets out transportation options for Shoreline Regenerationfor the Greater Toronto the Toronto Central Waterfront; identifies the Bioregion.1991. Royal Commission on environmental, land-use, urban design, and the Future of the Toronto Waterfront. economic opportunities and concepts they ISBN0-662-18981-7. DSS cat. no. Zl-1988j help make possible; the required financial 1-41-13E. resources and related risks; proposes a program Examinespolicies, practices, technology, aimed at achieving these cost effectively. Envi- and methodsavailable to regenerateshoreline sions a redesigned and relocated Gardiner areas.Addresses the public'sdesire for the ben- Expressway fLake Shore Boulevard facility to efitsof shorelinemodification and its desireto help strengthen the links between the city and avoidthe negativeconsequences of previous its renewed Central Waterfront and to improve projects.Suggests that correctioncan come only the area's quality as a place, while maintaining from a cO{)rdinated,planned approach based and enhancing its essential function asa on the convictionthat the benefitsof regen- transportation corridor. Maps. erationwill far exceedthe effort expended. Recommendsleadership by the two senior Interim Report,August 1989.1989. Royal Commission levelsof governmentin developmentand on the Future of the Toronto Waterfront. implementation,and public input to achieve ISBN 0-662-1721~9. DSScat. no. ZI-1988jlE. understanding,acceptance, and supportfor The Royal Commission's first interim report the goals,objectives, and constraintsof the discussesthe future of the Toronto Island Airport; plan. Bibliography. the role, mandate, and development plans of the Harbourfront Corporation; the role and mandate of the Toronto Harbour Commissioners,as well as various environment and health issues.Findings are based on research studies and public hearings, at which more than 300 groups and individuals made

486 13. submissions.Interjurisdictional recommendations Waterfront. ISBN 0-662-17597-2.DSS cat. ensure that public benefits are among the considera- no. Zl-1988/1-42-2E. tions shaping future development of the waterfront. The 600 headings include personal Bibliography. A working paper, published separately, names, government bodies, corporations, is An Index to theFirst Interim&Pori of theRoyal geographical locations, and subject terms. Commissionon theFuture of theToronto Watery;"lmt, August1989. Munson, W. 1990. Soil Contaminationand Port Redevelopmentin Toronto.Royal Commission Watershed:Interim Report,August 1990.1990. Royal on the Future of the Toronto Waterfront. Commission on the Future of the Toronto ISBN 0-662-17729-Q.DSS cat. no. Zl-1988j Waterfront. ISBN 0-662-18012-7.DSS cat. 1-42-3E. no. Zl-1988/1-62-1990E. Draws attention to the legacy of soil Watershed,the Royal Commission's second contamination left by Toronto's industrial past. interim report, calls for an ecosystemapproach to Planning decisions for redeveloping the Port planning the waterfront and the Greater Toronto Industrial District will need to consider the bioregion; provides nine guiding principles; and relative clean-up costsfor different uses.Topics directs 80 recommendations to various levels of gov- include soil contamination, quality of fill mate- ernment. Written in three main sections: explaining rial, clean-up costs,port redevelopment schemes, the ecosystemapproach and analysing the state of the the planning debate,and environmental audits. health of the Greater Toronto bioregion; proposing principles that should guide policy and planning; 4. Lemon,]. 1990. TheTormto Harbour Plan of addressing area-wide and area-specificissues. Submits 1912: Manufacturing Goal! andEconomic Realities. that the Greater Toronto waterfront from Burlington Royal Commission on the Future of the to Newcasdeshould be clean, green, useable, diverse, Toronto Waterfront. ISBN 0-662-180054. open, accessible,connected, affordable, and DSScat. no. Zl-1988jl-42-4E. attractive. Index and references. Considers why the Toronto Harbour Commissioners (THC) chose manufacturing WORKING PAPERS asthe centrepiece of its 1912plan for the Port Workingpapers provide a public forum for Industrial Area and, specifically, what kinds addressingvarious waterfront issues that warrant of high value-added industry they hoped to researchand discussion. attract. Explains why bulk storage and process- ing predominated instead. Merrens, H. R.1989. A SelectedBibliograPhy on Toronto'sPart and Waterfront.Royal Commission Greenberg, K. and G. Sicheri. 1990. Toronto's on the Future of the Toronto Waterfront. MoveableShareline.Royal Commission on ISBN 0-662-17596-4.DSS cat. no. Zl-1988j the Future of the Toronto Waterfront. 1-42-1E. ISBN 0-662-18160-3.DSS cat. no. Zl-1988j Intendedas a guide to the diversityof 1-42-5E. materialpertaining to Toronto's port and Examines setdement along the shores waterfrontproduced in recentyears by a of Lake Ontario during the first half of the varietyof people,including scholars,journalists, 19thcenmry, in order to defme the nature of architects,planners, engineers, and others. early relationships between the City of Toronto Bibliographicalentries. and its waterfront. These are compared to conditions that evolved along the central 2. Clark, N. J. 1990. An Index to theFirst Interim waterfront, as lakefilling continued into the Report of the Royal Commission on the Future of 20th century, in an effort to understand how the Toronto Watelfront, August 1989. Royal this has altered the relationship between the Commission on the Future of the Toronto metropolitan area and its waterfront. Identifies

487 3. challengesto establishingnecessary city, 9. Klinger, X. 1991. MetropolitanToronto waterfrontlinks. Winter WaterfrontStudy. Royal Commission on the Future of the Toronto Waterfront. Gertler, M. S. 1991. Toronto: TheState of ISBN 0-662-19138-2.DSS cat. no. Zl-1988/ theRegional Economy. Royal Commission 1-42-9E. on the Future of the Toronto Waterfront. Presentsa strategy for enhancing ISBN 0-662-18888-8.DSS cat no. Zl-1988j and increasing year-round public use and 1-42-6E. enjoyment of the Metropolitan Toronto water- Analysesthe state of Toronto's economy front. Discussespolicies, guidelines, and low- from a regional perspective,describing recent cost initiatives that could be implemented by structural changes to employment, investment, local and regional municipalities, and by con- output, and income throughout the region in servation authorities in order to enhance water- the past 20 years. Identifies current and future front accessibility,diversity, connectedness,and challenges to the region's economic health usabilityduring the colder months. Bibliography. and underlines the need to realign our way of thinking about economic growth and 10. Garland, G. 1991. GreaterToronto Region government's role in fostering it. and Waterfront:Community Overview. Royal Commission on the Future of the Toronto Munson, W. 1991. TheDisposal of CoalAsh at Waterfront. ISBN 0-662-19148-X.DSS cat. Toronto'sOuter Harbour.Royal Commission no. Zl-1988jl-42-10E. on the Future of the Toronto Waterfront. Analyses key social and economic issues ISBN 0-662-18902-7.DSS cat. no. Zl-1988/ on the greater Toronto waterfront, and makes 1-42-7E. policy proposals. Focuseson population Examines land creation at Toronto's growth, household incomes,.housing trends, Outer Harbour, specifically through the use employment and journeying-ta-work according of coal ash from the R. L. Hearn thermal gener- to mode of transportation. Includes statistical ating station. Placesthe Toronto experience in municipal and waterfront area community the broader context of world-wide use of waste profiles. Bibliography. materials in creating urban land, and comments on the potential environmental implications Desfor, G. 1990. Urban WaterfrontIndustry, Planning of this practice. Maps and bibliography. andDeveloping Green Entelprise for the21 st Century: A Reportof theSymposium Held on November16, 1989. Davies, K. 1991. TowardsEcosystem-basedPlanning: Royal Commission on the Future of the Toronto A Perspectiveon Cumulative Environmental Effects. Waterfront. ISBN 0-662-17640.5.DSS cat. Royal Commission on the Future of the no. Zl-1988/1-52-1E. Toronto Waterfront. ISBN 0.662-19085-8. Summarizesdiscussions at a s~posium DSS cat no. Zl-1988jl-42-8E. convened to consider newideas for developing envi- Explores how cumulative environmental ronmentally sound industry on Toronto's port lands. effects can be addressed in enVironmental Examines past and current issues,problems, and planning and management in the Greater trends related to industry in the port area. Details Toronto bioregion. These are defined as potential obstaclesto environmentally sound including social, economic, and biophysical industrial development, and proposes policies likely considerations, as well as the interactions to overcome them and to encourage appropriate among them. Lists individuals and organiza- industry in the port lands. Bibliography. tions familiar with cumulative enVironmental effects, and initiatives related to those effects.

Bibliography.

488 6.8. ApPENDIX 3: WATERSHEDS

Appendix III summarizes existing information watershedboundaries or extendedbeyond the GTA about the watershedsdraining into Lake Ontario in borders,estimates were made of the percentageof the the Greater Toronto bioregion. Six conservation censustract lying within the watershedboundary and, authorities are responsible for them; from west to east, on that basis,the populationwas calculated for that they are: Halton Region Conservation Authority; portion: if only 20 per cent of the censustract fell Credit Valley Conservation Authority; Metropolitan within a watershedboundary, only 20 per cent of Toronto and Region ConservationAuthority; Central that censustract's population were counted as part of Lake Ontario Conservation Authority; Ganaraska the watershed'spopulation. Region Conservation Authority; and Lower Trent In order to providea brief overviewof the Region Conservation Authority. Except for the area rangeof existingwatershed studies and plans, covered by Lower Trent Region Conservation the Commissionasked the conservationauthorities Authority, which wasmapped by the Ministry of the to indicatewhether they have undertaken studies Environment, maps were provided by the or plansregarding erosion/flooding, water quality, conservation authorities involved. habitat,and individualwatersheds. In addition,in the Population figures for eachwatershed were 1980s,most conservation authorities had prepared calculated using 1986 census tractsand watershed overallplans for their areasof jurisdiction. boundaries: watershed boundaries were outlined on The lastcolumn, labelled "jurisdictions", shows the census tract maps; census tractsinside a particular that mostwatersheds include several municipalities watershed were identified; and population numbers and that -when undertakingplanning and manage- recorded. In areaswhere census tracks straddled ment on a watershedscale -there is a need for intermunicipalco-operation.

489 EXISTING WATERSHED INFORMATION'

Area Population2 Erosion/ Water Watershed Watershed (km2) (1986) flooding Quality Habitat3 Studies4 Jurisdictions!!

Halton Region Conservation AudIority

GrindstoneCreek 86 8,220 x H(Burl); H-W(Flam) FalconCreek 4 6,570 x H(Burl) Indian Creek 22 23,550 x H(Burl) HagerCreek 8 3,500 x x H(Burl) RamboCreek 21 9,230 x x H(Burl) RoselandCreek 9 12,730 x x H(Burl) Tuck Creek 12 15,000 x x H(Burl) Shoreacres/ 25 13,240 x x H(Burl) ApplebyCreeks SheldonCreek 18 14,940 x x H(Burl,Oak) Bronte 352 40,800 x x Fourteen H(Burl, McCraney/ Mile Creek Milt, Oak); FourteenMile / and McCraney Well TaplowCreeks Creek (Pusl) Watershed PlanningStudy (Draft) SixteenMile 350 65,460 x Just H(Milt, Creek beginning Oak) Morrison/ 24 9,060 x x H(Oak) Wedgewood Creeks JoshuaCreek 22 5,210 x Processunderway H(Oak)

Credit Valley Conservation Authority

Credit River 850 355,220 Credit Valley H(Milt, Water HH,Oak); Management P(Miss, Strategy Bramp, CaI); Duff (Mono); Well(Erin)

Metropolitan Toronto and Region Conservation Authority

Etobicoke Creek 212 210,200 x x x P(Miss, Bramp); MT(Etob) 92 167,010 x x x TAWMS5 P(Miss); MT(Etob) NewToronto 14 30,030 x MT(Etob) Creek6

490 Area Population2 Erosion/ Water Watershed Watershed (km2) (1986) Flooding Quality Habitat3 Studies4 Jurisdictions 11

Metropolitan Toronto and Region Conservation Audlority (continued) 910 520,040 x x TAWMS; P(Miss, ARCH' Brame, Cal), initiatives MT(Etob, underway York, Tor, NY}; Y(Vau, King, Aur) 363 929,400 x x TAWMS; MT(York, Tor, studies EY,NY, underway Scar); Y(Vau, RH, Mark) Lake Ontario8 400,200 MT(Tor, Y, Scar); D(Ajax, Whit, ash, -New) 109 332,120 x x MT(Scar); Y(Mark) RougeRiver 333 99,400 x x RougeStrategy MT(Scar); Y(RH,Aur, Mark, W-S); D(Pick) Petticoat Creek 29 7,240 Master MT(Scar); DrainagePlan Y(Mark); D(Pick) Frenchman'sBay 22 27,950 x Proposalfor D(Pick) funding Duffm Creek 293 28,800 x x D(Pick, Ajax, Ux) Carruther'sCreek 38 13,490 x Master D(Pick, DrainagePlan Ajax)

Central Lake Ontario Conservation Authority

Lynde Creek 135 20,080 x x D(Whit) Pringle Creek 29 7,600 x x D(Whit) CorbettCreek 15 12,050 x x D(Whit, ash) OshawaCreek 120 51,090 x x D(Osh) Hamlony/ 105 62,140 x x D(Osh, Farewell/ (New) Black Creeks

RobinsonCreek 6 390 x D(Osh, New) TooleyCreek 11 780 x D(New)

491 Central Lake Ontario Conservation Authority (continued)

Darlington Creek 17 1,170 x x D(New) Westside Creek 6 3,050 x x D(New)D(New) Bowmanville Creek9 169 6,990 x x

Soper Creek9 169 8,450 x x D(New)

GanaraskaRegion Conservation Auiliority

Wilmot/Orono/ 98 3,220 x x D(New) Hunter/Stalker Creeks

Graham/ 78 3,280 x D(New); Mullingan/ N(Hope) CrookedCreeks name unknown 9 - x x D(New) BouchettePoint 17 - x x x D(New) Creek Port GranbyCreek 19 - x x D(New) CryslerCreek 4 - x x N(Hope) WesleyvilleCreek 10 - x x N(Hope) Morish Creek 34 - x x x N(Hope) name unknown 9 - x x N(Hope) GanaraskaRiver 259 3,190 x x x D(New); N(Hope) GageCreek 46 x x N(Ham) name unknown 3 x x N(Ham) name unknown 5 x x N(Ham) name unknown x N(Ham) CobourgBrook/ 119 x x N(Ham, BaltimoreCreek Hald) MidtownCreek 6 x x N(Ham) Brook Creek 15 x x N(Ham) name unknown 6 x x N(Ham) name unknown 12 x x N (Ham, Hald)

Lower Trent Region Conservation AuthoritylO Barnum House Creek -- x N(Hald) Shelter Valley Creek -- x N(Hald) Colbome/Salem/ -- x N(Hald, Butler/Proctor/ Cram, Smithfield Creeks Bright) Trent River -- Hast; N; Pete name unknown -- N (Mur) name unknown -- N(Mur, Bright)

4Q? NOTES x: Information exists in reports and in some instances in data files. Information varies in age, quality, and quantity. -: No information exists. 1. Existing watershed information as of November 1991.Watershed information and boundaries provided by Conservation Authorities. 2. Population data restricted to population in watershed within GTA boundaries. 3. Habitat includes information on Environmentally Significant Areas (ESAs),fisheries and other wildlife. 4. Studies noted are only for individual watersheds,not the watershed plans undertaken during the 1980's for the entire area of the conservation authority's jurisdiction. 5. TAWMS: Toronto Area Water Management Strategy. 6. NewToronto Creek runs through an underground pipe: no watershed information available. 7. ARCH = Action to Restore a Clean Humber. 8. Lake Ontario Watershed drains land between the Humber River and Don River Watersheds,and between Don River and Highland Creek Watersheds.No creeks'currently drain this area. 9. Together Bowmanville and Soper Creekshave a watershed area of 169 km2. 10. In the Lower Trent Region Conservation Authority only major watershedsare included. The LTRCA has not mapped watershed boundaries. 11. Jurisdictions H-W=Regional Municipality of Y=Regional Municipality of York Hamilton-Wentworth Vau=City of Vaughan Flam=Town of Flamborough King=Township of King W=CountyofWelIington RH=Town of Richmond Hill Pusl=Township of Puslinch Aur=Town of Aurora Erin=Township of Erin Mark=Town of Markham Duff= County of Dufferin W-S=TownofWhitchurch-StoufIville Mono= Township of Mono D=Regional Municipality of Durham H=Regional Municipality of Halton Pick=Town of Pickering Burl=City of Burlington Ajax=Town of Ajax Milt=Town of Milton Ux=Township ofUxbridge HH=Town of Halton Hills Whit=Town of Whitby Oak=Townof Oakville Osh=City of Oshawa P=Regional Municipality of Peel New=Town of Newcastle Miss=City of Mississauga N=County of Northumberland Bramp=City of Brampton Hope= Township of Hope Cal=Town ofCaledon Ham=Township of Hamilton Mf=Municipality of Cram=Township of Cramahe Metropolitan Toronto Hald=Township of Haldimand Etob=CityofEtobicoke Bright=Township of Brighton Tor=City of Toronto Mur=Township of Murray York=City of York Pete=County of Peterborough EY=Borough of East York Hast=County of Hastings NY=City of North York Scar=City of Scarborough

493

ApPENDIX 4: ILLUSTRATION CREDITS

INTRODUCTION p.27 PickeringNuclJJar Power Station p.3 Ontario Hydro TorontoSkyline, view from theToronto Islands MetropolitanToronto and RegionConservation p.41 Authority Ecosystems Keir Consultants Inc.; Barrett and Kidd, Pathways: p.8 Towards an EcosystemApproach: A Report of PhasesI and Bluffer's Park Marina, Scarborough II of an Environmental Audit of Toronto 'sEast Bayfrant Dr.]. D. Murray and Port Industrial Area

p.15 p.43 WatersedgePark, Mississauga This communitycould be anywhere in North America Debbie Williams, Royal Commission on the Future of SuzanneBarrett, Royal Commission on the Future of the Toronto Waterfront the Toronto Waterfront

CHAPTER 1 p.44 A distinct and memorablePlace, Klinsington Market City of TorontoArchives p.20 no caption Lisa Ohata, Royal Commission on the Future of the p.55 Toronto Waterfront Pond in theBlack CreekVality provides stormwater managementand wiUlife habitat Sarah Kalff, Royal Commission on the Future of the p.22 Greater Toronto bioregion Toronto Waterfront AcartGraphic Services Ltd.; RoyalCommission on the Future of the Toronto Waterfront p.56 Niagara Esca7pment,near Milton p.24 C. Boucher Muskrat Gerald King

495 CHAPTER 2 p.92 Albion Hills ConseruationArea, Oak RidgesMoraine p.66 MetropolitanToronto and RegionConseIVation Cooksville Creek,Mississauga: damaged by development Authority practices, this channel is now under restoration by the Credit Valley Conservation Authority and the City of Mississauga CHAPTER 3 CreditValley Conservation Authority p.98 p.68 The GreatLakes Basin, areasof concern Ca1TUther'sCreek Marsh, Ajax Canada. Environment Canada,Canada. Dept. of M. M. Dillon Ltd. Fisheries and Oceans,Canada. Health and Welfare Canada, Toxic Chemicalsin the p.69 GreatLakes and AssociatedEffeds: Synopsis;Michael ua, Active developmentapplications in theCity a/Vaughan AquariusProductions Ken Lem, 18KDesign Communications

p.lO2 p.73 MasseyCreek, Toronto A recent housing proposal in Oakville takesa new approach Metropolitan Toronto & Region Conservation to suburban development Authority BerridgeLewinberg Greenberg Ltd. p.lO3 p.75 Sunnyside Beach A channelizedportion of AndreaShort Sarah Kalff, Royal Commission on the Future of the Toronto Waterfront p.lO7 Simplijied GreatLakes food web p.77 Canada. Environment Canada,Canada. Dept. of Cabbagetown,Toronto: residents enjoy a rich juxtaposition Fisheries and Oceans,Canada. Health and Welfare of nearby Placesfor wmX, play, and family life Canada, Toxic Chemicalsin theGreat Lakes and GeorgeRust-D'Eye AssociatedEffects: Synopsis p.79 p.IIO Pier 4 on Toronto'swateljront in 1947 (upper)and 1987 Deformedbill on a double-crestedconnorant (lower): old buildings can beadapted and reused CanadianWildlife Service,Environment Canada Toronto Harbour Commissioners PC1/1/12871 (1947) p.112 Toronto Harbour Commissioners PC21/16 (1987) PumPhouse Marsh, Oshawa: one of thefew remaining natural wetlands in the Greater Toronto bioregion p.86 BarbaraNorth Farmland is threatenedby future development SuzanneBarrett, Royal Commission on the Future of p.121 the Toronto Waterfront Industryon theMississauga waterfront Irene Rota, Royal Commission on the Future of the p.89 Toronto Waterfront Careless site preparation damages soils, watercourses, and wildlife habitat SuzanneBarrett, Royal Commission on the Future of the Toronto Waterfront

496 p.126 p.166 Metro Toronto'sMain SewageTreatment Plant LakefrontPromenade Marina, Mississauga Laurie Ludlow, Gore & Storrie Irene Rota,Royal Commission on the Future of the Toronto Waterfront p.131 Metro Toronto and Region Remedial Adion Plan area p.167 Metro Toronto RAP, Strategiesfor Restoringour Watel:s LakeOntario nonheroshoreline 500 Kim, Royal Commission on the Future of the p.135 Toronto Waterfront Rouge Valley at Lake Ontario Dr.]. D. Murray p.172 Fishing in thefog, Darlington p.137 pr.]. D. Murray HumberRiver watershed Jiin Kim, RoyalCommission on the Future of the CHAPTER 5 Toronto Waterfront p.178 p.138 Oakvillewaterfront Waves breaking, Newcastk Bethjefferson GeorgeRust-D'Eye p.182 CHAPTER 4 Forksof the CreditProvincial Park near Cataractin Caledon:part ofthe Bruce Trail p.15l CharityLandon, Royal Commission on the Future of Thestonehookers' last stand at Port Credit the Toronto Waterfront Port Credit Library p.184 p.153 GreenwaysUring people to the water's edge Aerial view of Metro Toronto AcartGraphic Services Ltd. MetropolitanToronto and RegionConservation Authority p.189 Membersof Citizensfor a LakeshoreGreenway (CFLAG) p.154 Helmut Knaup Mouth afthe RougeRiver erographic

Lou Wise,A p.191 Greenwaysand trail! conceptfor the Greater Toronto p.159 bioregion Houseatop erodedScarborough Bluffs Acart Graphic ServicesLtd. Gary Boyd p.195 p.163 Toum of WhitiJy:potentialgreenways A construction site Acart Graphic SelvicesLtd.; M. M. Dillon Ltd. PedroHo, LenscapeInc. courtesyof Ellis Don p.200 Town of Cale(ion: potential greenways AcartGraphic Services Ltd.

497 p.205 p.230 MeewasinValley Trail, Saskatoon GreaterToronto bioregion ChuckFlink Ken Lern, 18K Designs; Hough Stansbury WoodlandLtd. CHAPTER 6 The retreat of the Wisconsin glaciers p.211 Hough StansburyWoodland Ltd. Modestsunpocket at High Pam in Toronto Xenia Klinger p.231 LakeIroquois shoreline p.212 Hough StansburyWoodland Ltd. Windgate of Main StreetMaU in Buffalo, Moriyama & Teshima Architects, Toronto, Ontario The Don Valley beforeEuropean settlement Hough StansburyWoodland Ltd. p.214 Movable chdi1:sin Luxembourg Gardens, Paris Glacial depositsat theDon Valley Brickworks Xenia Klinger Hough Stansbury Woodland Ltd.; Eyles and Clark, Last Interglacial Sedimentsthe Don Valley Brickyard, p.220 Toronto, Canada, and Their Paleoenvironmental Winter waterfrontcase study: proposed improvements fur Significance; Eyles and Williams, The Sedimentary and HumberBay Park Biological Record of the Last Interglacial/Glacial Transition Jiin Kim, RoyalCommission on the Future of the at Toronto, Canada. Toronto Waternont p.232 p.221 UPlandforest Peoplepromenading aWng Toronto's Harbourfront in March Hough StansburyWoodland Ltd. PeterSimon River valleywoods HEALING AN URBAN Hough Stansbury Woodland Ltd. WATERSHED Marshesalong the river Hough StansburyWoodland Ltd. p.227 Theexisting mouth of theDon RolloMyers p.233 Elizabeth Simcoe Mary Beacock Fryer, Elizabeth Postuma Simcoe,1762- A restoredAshbridges Marsh 1850: A BiograPhy Hough StansburyWoodland Ltd.

p.234 p.228 EarlyPlaces in the vaiky A pond at thesource of theDon Hough StansburyWoodland Ltd. Hough StansburyWoodland Ltd.

CastleFrank p.229 Mary Beacock Fryer, Elizabeth Postuma Simcoe, 1762- TheKeating Channel; mouth of theDon 1850: A BiograPhy Hough StansburyWoodland Ltd. Inset:Rollo Myers p.235 The lower Don beforeand after channeling Charles Edward Goad., MappingofVicto1ian Toronto

498 p.243 Filling in Ashbridge's Marsh Farmland in theheadwaters City of Toronto Archives Hough Stansbury Woodland Ltd.

An earlyflood on theDon pp. 244-249 City of Toronto Archives Figures18-28 Hough StansburyWoodland Ltd. Forks of theDon today PeterGill p.250 A typical stormsewer outfall p.236 Hough StansburyWoodland Ltd. History of Developmentin theDon Wate1:shed Hough StansburyWoodland Ltd. pp.251-253 Figures29-31 Development continues in the headwatel:s Hough StansburyWoodland Ltd. Hough StansburyWoodland Ltd. p.254 p.237 Top Golf COU7:5eunder construction Rollo Myers Hough StansburyWoodland Ltd. LowerRosedale flats KeeleValley Landfill Hough StansburyWoodland Ltd. Hough StansburyWoodland Ltd. p.255 TheRoss Lord Dam and reseruoir Top Hough StansburyWoodland Ltd. RolloMyers

Restricted access-lower Don LowerDon channel Hough StansburyWoodland Ltd. Hough StansburyWoodland Ltd.

Expresswaysat the river's mouth p.256 Hough StansburyWoodland Ltd. Connectingthe watmhed Hough StansburyWoodland Ltd. p.238 AUowingnature to regenerate p.257 Hough StansburyWoodland Ltd. no caption City of Toronto Archives p.239 Preseroinghistorical links p.258 Hough StansburyWoodland Ltd. Top Hough StansburyWoodland Ltd. Preseroingnatural remnants Hough StansburyWoodland Ltd. Bottom Hough StansburyWoodland Ltd. pp.239-242 Figures10-17 Hough StansburyWoodland Ltd.

499 PART III: PLACES p.282 The Petro Canada refinery, MiI'sissauga waterfront p.262 DebbieWilliams, Royal Commission on the Futureof Toronto, cityview in the evening the Toronto Waterfront Dr.]. D. Murray p.284 CHAPTER 7 St.Lawrence Cement pier on theMissi5sauga waterfront DebbieWilliams, Royal Commission on the Future of p.266 the Toronto Waterfront St.Luke's Church, Burlington Irene Rota,Royal Commission on the Future of the CHAPTER 9 Toronto Waterfront p.291 p.267 ,Marie Curtii' Park The McNichol Estate at the mouth of ShoreacresCreek, Irene Rota,Royal Commission on the Future of the purchased by the City of Burlington, 1990 Toronto Waterfront City of Burlington p.292 p.268 Painted turt/R;s On theBurlington waterfront Gerald King Irene Rota,Royal Commission on the Future of the Toronto Waterfront p.295 HumberBay Parks west and east p.270 MetropolitanToronto and RegionConservation The waterfront trail, Burlington Authority Reid et aI., The Waterfront Trail: First Stepsfrom Concept to Reality p.301 ColonelSamuel Smith Wate7ftvnt Area Master Plan -1980 p.273 Moffat Moffat & Kinoshita et aI., ColonelSamuelBois Thewaterfront Shell House Lands;part of the Burloak Smith WaterfrontArea MasterPlan SecondaryPlan Brenda K. Axon, Halton RegionConservation CHAPTER 10 Authority INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 8 p.306 p.278 Central Wate7front RattrayMarsh today AcartGraphic Services Inc. Irene Rota,Royal Commission on the Future of the Toronto Watemont WATERSHED UPDATE p.280 p.308 LakesidePark, Mississauga Regionalcontext DebbieWilliams, Royal Commission on the Future of IBI Group et al., TorontoCentral Waterfront the Toronto Waterfront TransportationConidor Study

500 p.311 p.335 Major existing industrial areas,freight rail, and highway Emerging green infrastructure in the Central Waterfront facilities IBI Group et al., Toronto Central Waterfront IBI Group et al., Toronto Central Waterfront Transportation Conidor Study Transportation Corridor Study p.336 p.313 GO Transit plays an essential role in linking the centre Many buildings that housed industry have been convertedfor and region office and retail use lEI Group et aI., Toronto Central Waterfront BerridgeLewinberg Greenberg et al., GamsOn Transportation COrridor Study Common: Preliminary Master Plan p.314 Painting ofthe ToumofYO1It, 1803 p.340 MetroToronto ReferenceLibraryMTL 1257 HumberBay, lookingeast from theEtobicoke waterfront to downtownToronto p.315 Unavailable Starmoutlets and combinedsewer overflows Metro Toronto RAP, Strategiesfor Restoringour Waters p.345 Sunnyside,Easter Sunday, 1949 p.316 Filey, 1 RememberSunnyside: The Rise and Fall of a Habitats Magical Era Berrridge Lewinberg Greenberg et al., Gamson Common:Preliminary Master Plan p.346 Enjoying thelake and sandybeach, Sunnyside, 1926 p.321 Toronto Harbo~rCommissioners PC 1/1/7129 (1926) Emerging urban intensities in thl! Central Waterfront 1B1 Group et al., Toronto Central Waterfront p.349 Transportation Comdor Study Transportation conidor, 1990 DianaJardine p.322 A friendly street,Markham Street,Toronto GARRISON COMMON Rogerdu Toit

p.350 p.325 Aerial viewof GarrisonCommon The Ct'/Itralwaterfront viewed from the east Berrridge Lewinberg Greenberg et aI., Garrison IBI Group et al., TorontoCentral Waterfront Common:Preliminary Master Plan TransportationCorridor Study

p.351 p.328 HistO'licalel£ments Ba17ier:5tothe waterfront BelTridge Lewinberg Greenberg et aI., Gamson Bill Teron Common:Preliminary Master Plan p.332 p.353 Possibletransit concepts Ontario Place IBI Group et al., Toronto CentralWaterfront Ontario PlaceCorporation TransportationConidor Study

~n1 p.356 p.376 Arls, Crafts, and Hobbies Building, Exhibition Place Skatingat Harbourfront Berrridge Lewinberg Greenberg et al., Gamson Adrian Szasz Common: Preliminary Master Plan p.380 p.358 Toronto Island Ai1fJorl Preliminary Master Plan Boris Spremo,The Toronto Star Berrridge Lewinberg Greenberg et al., Garrison Common: Preliminary Master Plan p.382 TheToronto skyline still in sight,the islandsoffer a p.360 refreshingchange of pace and scene Cu7Tentland use,Garrison Common AndreaShort Berrridge Lewinberg Greenberg et aI., Garrison Common: Preliminary Master Plan p.384 Houseson WardIsland p.361 Unavailable Fori fait! Irene Rota,Royal Commission on the Future of the LOWER DON LANDS Toronto Waterfront p.386 TORONTO BAY LowerDon Lands Acart Graphic ServicesLtd. p.363 Toronto's"waterfront piazza p.389 Adrian Szasz VictorySaya Mills CharityLandon, Royal Commission on dIe Future of p.365 dIe Toronto Waterfront Summercrowds crossing tracks at ,1912 William James Collection, City of Toronto Archives, p.392 Vol. 18, No. 1089 Ecosystempathways JudieShore p.367 Vacant landsoffer newdevelopment possibilities p.395 GeorgeRust-D'Eye Ashbridge'sBay with Torontoin thebackground Unavailable p.370 ProposedConvention Centre expansion p.397 MetroToronto ConventionCentre LowerDon flood plain Keir ConsultantsInc p.373 CentralBayfront p.400 Unavailable Marsh and woodlandhabitat along thenorth shoreof theoUter Harbour p.374 Suzanne Barrett, Royal Commission on the Future of Learning to sail, Mapl£ Leaf Quay the Toronto Waterfront Irene Rota,Royal Commission on the Future of the Toronto Waterfront

502 p.402 CHAPTER 12 TheLower Don SuzanneBarrett, Royal Commission on the Future of p.430 the Toronto Waterfront Duffin Creekat LakeOntario MetropolitanToronto and RegionConservation p.406 Authority Toronto Harbour Commissionersmarine terminal Gill AIkin p.433 Newcastle shoreline p.408 Dr.]. D. Murray RedPathSugar in theEast Bayfront SarahKaIfI, Royal Commission on the Future of the p.435 Toronto Waternont Frenchman '5 Bay PortPickering Marina Ltd. p.409 LeslieStreet spit p.437 MetropolitanToronto and RegionConservation R C. Harris Water Filtration Plant, Scarborough Authority The Beach Metro Community News

CHAPTER 11 p.438 Ca77'Uther'sCreek, Ajax p.416 MetropolitanToronto and RegionConservation At thefoot of thebluffs, circa1968 Authority Bonis,ed., A Historyof Scarborough p.442 p.417 General Matm headquarters building near the Oshawa Looking westfrom theRouge Marsh SecondMarsh RougeValley Park Project GeneralMotors of CanadaLtd. p.418 p.446 ProposedRouge Valley Park Regionalgremway concept, Durham Ontario. Ministry of NaturalResources Regionof Durham;]iin Kim, RoyalCommission on the Future of the Toronto Waterfront p.419 TheGuild Inn and theScarborough Bluffs p.450 MetropolitanToronto and RegionConservation The desert-likenorthern reachesof the Ganaraska Watershed, Authority circa 1940s Richardson, A Report on the Ganaraska Watershed; p.420 reproduced with permission from the Queen's Printer Proposed ceremonial waterfront entrance at thefoot of Port for Ontario Union Road Toronto WaternontCharrette PART IV

p.456 Mouth of Duffin Creek,Ajax Lou Wise,Aerographic

503 p.459 Ca1TUther'sCreek Marsh RunnymedeDevelopment Corporation p.460 Darlington Provincial Park,Newcastle Dr.]. D. Murray p.463 TorontoIslands Pam GeorgeRust-D'Eye p.465 ConstmctingQueen's Quay station for Harbouifront LRT, Toronto SarahKalfI, RoyalCommission on the Future of the Toronto Waterfront p.467 Little Sugar Creek Greenway,downtown Charlotte, North

Carolina ChuckFlink p.468 WindwardCo-op and Little NorwayPark, Bathurst Quay, Harbourfront,Toronto Irene Rota,Royal Commission on the Future of the Toronto Waterfront

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513

INDEX

A.J. Diamond, Donald Schmitt and Company, AmericansOutdoon: The Legacy,The Challenge, 298-299,348 188,204 access, 7,14,155,163,165,183,194,208,215, Amos Waites Park (Etobicoke, Ont.), 294 218,256,270-273,276,281,283,285-286, ANSI. SeeAreas of Natural and Scientific 294-295,298, 304, 307, 349-350,357, Interest 359-361,363,371,377,404-405,416, ARCH. SeeAction to Restore a Clean Humber 422-423,425,428,436,439,446,451-453 Areas of Concern, 11,25,126,130,267, accountability, 8,94,119,128,142,405-406, 291-292,303 410,413,457 Areas of Natural and Scientific Interest, 179 Action to Restore a Clean Humber, 136-138, Argonaut Rowing Club, 345 193, 199, 201, 292 Ashbridge's Bay (Toronto, Ont.) , 101,154,234, TheAdequacy of the Existing Environmental 305, 385, 389, 396, 402, 404 Planning and ApprovalsProcess for the Ashbridge's Bay Marsh (Toronto, Ont.), 152, GanaraskaWatershed, 71 252,314,385,387,393 affordable housing, 280, 299, 372 Ashworth, William, 101 aggregate resources, 25,67,90-91 AssessingSustainable Development in an Urban agreements, 12, 15, 10~104, 112, 120, 124, 287, Context,171 461 Association of BayArea Governments, 180 agricultural land use, 64,85,87,241,243,433 Ataratiri: DraftEnvironmental Evaluation Study air pollution, 26,307,315-316,318,357,399 Report,397, 403 air quality, 26,53,315,398,404 Ataratiri: Pari II OfficialPlan Proposals,389, 405, air shows, 379 413 airport noise, 316,381 Ataratiri (Toronto, Ont.), 176,305,317, airports, 7, 378-379,381 385-386,389-390,396-400,403,407,409,413 Ajax (Ont.), 427-429,435-437 Attersley, Bob, 439 Ajax (Ont.). Town Council, 438-439,447-448, automobile emissions, 307,315-316,398 462-463 automobiles, 49,280,309,312,319,324, Ajax Warbler Swamps (Ajax, Ont.), 458 327-328,330 Alberta. Environment Council of Alberta, 36, bald eagle, 108-109 337 BATEA. SeeBest Available Technology Allan, Duncan, 374 Economically Available

S1S Bathurst St. (Toronto, Ont.), 305,359 Canada. Dept. of Fisheries and Oceans, Ill, Battery Park (New York, N. Y.), 333 117,169 Bay Trail (San Francisco, Calif.), 180 Canada. Environment Canada, 111,117,124, BayviewAve. (Toronto, Ont.), 235 127-129,131, 133,137,411 beach closings, 135 Canada. Health and Welfare Canada, III beaches, 103, 135,271,387 Canada. Industry, Science,and Technology Beds ofNavigable Waters Act, 433 Canada, 411 BestAvailable Technology Economically Canada. Minister of State for Urban Affairs, 378 Available, 127 Canada. Minister of Transport, 7,378,406 BiennialReport Under the Great Lakes Water Quality Canada. Office of the Auditor General, 115 Agreementof 1978, 120 Canada. Public Works Canada, 373 bioregions, 10,21,41,60-61,78,95 Canada. Transport Canada, 117, 377-382,406, Bird and Hale Ltd., 431 413 birds, 108 Canada. Treasury Board, 8, 14 Black Creek Project, 52-53,136 Canada Malting site (Toronto, Ont.) , 373 black-crowned night heron, 108 Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation, Bliss, Carman, 142, 320 381 Bluffers Park (Scarborough, Ont.), 154-155, Canada Postsite (Mississauga,Ont.), 218,281, 415,425 287,462 Bluffers Park Marina (Scarborough, Ont.), 155 Canada-OntarioAgreement Respecting Great Lakes Board of Trade of Metropolitan Toronto, 207, WaterQuality, 127, 139-143,147 466 Canada'sGreen Plan, 112,124,147,457,462 Bond Head (Newcastle,Ont.), 155,431,447 Canadian Arsenals site (Mississauga,Ont.), 285, Bond Head Bluffs (Newcastle,Ont.), 431,447 287 Boulevard Club (Toronto, Ont.), 346 Canadian Centre for Inland Waters, 146 Bowmanville (Ont.), 443 CanadianEnvironmental Protection Act, 127 Breezeway(Hamilton, Ont.), 271,276 Canadian Medical Association, 35 bridges, 349 Canadian National Exhibition, 15, 44, 304, 351 brook trout, 234 Canadian National Exhibition Air Show, 379 brown bullhead, 108 Canadian National Railways, 310,364, 36&-367, Bruce Trail (Ont.), 15,180,186,189,199,270 399 Brundtland Commission. SeeWorld Commission Canadian Pacific Limited, 310,364-367,387, on Environment and Development 399 building design, 209-211,216,223,298-299, Canadian Transport Commission, 378 316,423,436 Canadian Waterfront ResourceCentre, 147 built environment, 317 Canary Wharf (London, England), 333 built heritage, 79,373,396,401,404 Carlaw, Major John A., 343 Built Heritage ofthe East Bayfront, 79 Ca1manah:Artistic Visions ofan Ancient Rainforest, Burlington (Ont.), 265,268,270,462 157 Burlington (Ont.). City Council, 266,268, Carruther's Creek (Ajax, Ont.) , 427-428,437, 271-275 447-448 Burlington Beach Waterfront (Ont.), 271 Carruther's Creek Marsh (Ajax, Ont.), 428,437, BurloakSecondary Plan, 273, 275 .1.~R Butler Group (Consultants) Inc., 348 Carson, Patrick, 36-37,326 Caledon (Ont.), 189,198-199 CCIW. SeeCanadian Centre for Inland Waters Callwood,]une, 372 Centennial Industrial District (Scarborough, Canada. Dept. of Energy, Mines, and Resources, Ont.) , 422-423,425 411 "Central" concept, 53

516 Central Lake Ontario Conservation Authority, Colborne Lodge (Toronto, Ont.) , 342 168,195-196,427,447 Colonel SamuelBois Smith Waterfront Area Master Central Park (Toronto, ant.), 364,368-370 Plan, 295, 300, 302 Central Waterfront (Toronto, ant.), 303, Colonel Samuel Smith Park (Etobicoke, Ont.) , 306-310,312-313, 315-318, 320, 322-325, 291,300 327,330-331,333-338,353,365,405,407, Commission on Planning and Development 462, 465-466,468-469 Reform in Ontario, 64, 85..86 Centre for Green Enterprise and Industry, Commissioners Street incinerator (Toronto, 13-14,147,409-411,413,467 Ont.) , 390 Centre Island (Toronto, ant.), 383 common tern, 108-109 CFLAG. SeeCitizens for a Lakeshore Greenway Commoner, Barry, 238 Charles Sauriol Conservation Reserve, 257 community facilities, 368, 372 (Toronto, ant.), 305,314,387, Community Greenways Alliance, 198,201 396, 398,404, 408 commuters, 311-312,320,322-325,327-328, Cherry Street (Toronto, ant.), 332,336,338, 330-331,335,429 405 The CompetitiveAdvantage ofNations, 38 Christie, W.J., 33 Confederation Park (Hamilton, Ont.), 271 cities, 35 Conservation and Post-War Rehabilitation, 70 Citizens Advisory Committee on the Quality of conservation authorities, 50, 64, 70, 92-94, 147, Life, 52 168,189,193,198,424,427,433-434,439, Citizens for a Lakeshore Greenway, 179, 447,462 193-194,201 ConservationAuthorities Act, 70, 94, 204 City of Toronto. SeeToronto (ant). City Conservation fly thePeople: The History ofthe Council Conservation Movement in Ontario to 1970, City ofToronto Sewer System Master Plan, 145,469 70, 81, 93 City: Rediscoveringthe Centre,211, 222 Conservation Council of Ontario, 53 CityPlace (Toronto, ant.), 364,369,468 conservation easements, 189,192,205,243,294 CityPlan '91, 50,211,320,390,466 A Conservation Strategyfor the Conservation Clark,Joe, 141 Authorities of Ontario, 93 Clark, Spencer, 420 contaminated groundwater, 133,317,397,399, ClassroomsWithout Walls, 108 403, 448 clean-up, 116,126,128-131,136,139,141-145, contaminated sediments, 157,160,291 147,268,285,292,303,317,403-404,448, contaminated soils, 25, 80, 160, 285, 317-318, 451,467 357, 397, 399-400, 403-404, 443, 448, 467 CleaningUp Our GreatLakes, 53,106,129 co-operation, 2, 11, 17,46,49,70,81,116,126, Clement, John, 366 170, 172-173, 206, 222, 271, 281, 310, 352, climate, 208-209 354,410,432. Seealso intergovernmental CLOCA. SeeCentral Lake Ontario Conservation co-operation Authority Cootes Paradise (Hamilton, Ont.) , 53,270 CN. SeeCanadian National Railways The Core ofthe Central Waterfront: A Proposal flythe CNE. SeeCanadian National Exhibition City of Toronto Planning Board, 364 COA. SeeCanada-Ontario Agreement Coronation Park (Toronto, Ont.), 218,305 Respecting Great Lakes Water Quality Coscan Development Corporation, 439 CoastalZone Management Act, 170 CPoSee Canadian Pacific Limited Cobourg (ant.), 452-453 Cranberry Marsh (Whitby, Ont.), 222,446 Cobourg (ant.). Mayor, 452 Credit Valley Conservation Authority, 51,199, Cobourg (ant.). Town Council, 452-453,464 277-278, 286-287 Cobourg Harbour (ant.), 452-453 Crown corporations, 167

517 CTC. SeeCanadian Transport Commission EAAC. SeeOntario. Environmental Assessment CulturalProperty Export and Import Act, 206 Advisory Committee CVCA. SeeCredit Valley ConseIVationAuthority East Bayfront (Toronto, Ont.), 8-11,16,76,79, Daniels Group, 37, 296 146,252,304-305,317,385,387,390-391, Darlington Nuclear Generating Station, 27, 395-396,398-399, 402, 407 155, 429-430,444 EastPoint Park (Scarborough, Ont.), 154,423 Darlington Provincial Park (Newcastle,Ont.) , EastPoint Park MasterPlan/Environmental 155, 222, 428, 444 Assessment,423 Davis,William, 367 Eastem Beaches (Toronto, Ont.), 135,154, DDT, 104,108-109,119 305, 402 de Cotret, Robert, 8, 14 economic growth, 39-40 decommissioning, 285,400,403-404,410 EconomicImpacts ofProtecting Rivers, Trails and deflector arms, 297, 299 GreenwayConidors: A ResourceBook, 186, Dendy, William, 352 273, 338 density, 28,53,245,293,295,297-299,312,423, economy, 29-20,36,45,451,464-466,469,471 438-439 ecosystemapproach, 10-12,14, 16-17,31-34,36, Designwith Nature, 66 38,46,49,51,60,63,65-66,75-85,87,90-91, development freezes, 304,371,374,376 95,118-119,123,130,134,138-139,144, developments, 7-9,53,65,69,71,73-74,78,88, 147,168-169,171-173,248,274,281,283, 91,239-240,243-244,290,293,295,312, 287,304-305,308,348,354,390-391,403, 371-372,374,401,432,437,459,471 413,420,424,430-431,434-435,437-440, dieldrin, 109,119 442,447,453,456-457,461-462,464,467, diversity, 77,318,362 470 Don River (Ont.), 7,80,111,131,133,202, ecosystems,10-11, 31-34, 36, 39-41,76, 83 228-231,235, 237-238, 243, 250, 252-253, Ellis, john, 343-344 255,314-315,385,387,401,403 Ellul,jacques, 306 Don River Valley (Ont.), 231,252,386,407 employment, 10, 267, 280, 290, 313, 320, 335, Don River Watershed, 11, 80-81, 118, 228, 233, 409, 464 236, 242, 248, 256-257 energy resources,26 ,52 Don Trunk Sanitary Sewer (Toronto, Ont.) , Environics poll. SeeMetropoll Report 145 Environics ResearchGroup Limited, 16 Don Valley (Ont.), 51,231,238,252,404 Environmentand Health: Issueson theToronto (Toronto, Ont.), 235,310, Waterfront,3 327,398 Environmentby Design: The UrbanPlace in Alberta, double-crested cormorant, 108-109 36, 337 DownsviewAirport (Toronto, Ont.) , 379 Environment Canada. SeeCanada. Environment DraftDiscussion Paper on Remedialoptions, Canada 133-134,144 dredging, 253, 438 Environmentin Transition:A Reporton PhaseI of Duffin Creek (Ajax, Ont.), 189,202,420,427 an EnvironmentalAudit ofToronto's East Duffin Creek Water Pollution Control Plant, Bayfrontand Port Industrial Area, 115, 304, 428 393 Durham (Ont. : Regional municipality), 13,64, Environmental Applications Group Limited, 69, 222, 427, 429-432,436, 439-440, 446- 163 448, 462-464 EnvironmentalAssessment Act, 7,73-75,81,85, Dwellersin theLand: TheBioregional Vision, 41, 297 43,145 environmental audit, 8-9,11,16,73-74,76,146, EAA. SeeEnvironmental Assessment Act 317-318,390-392, 403-404, 440

518 EnvironmentalAudit of theEast Bayfront and Port fish, 53,103,108,110-111,128,159,242,451 Industrial Area, 8-11,16,76,146,304, FisheriesAct, 128 317-318,397,413 fishing, 128,277,.415,429,450 EnvironmentalConditions and ProblemDefinition, Fleet Street (Toronto, ant.), 305,361 133,144 flooding, 93, 136,235,315,396,399-400, EnvironmentalManagement Master Plan/Public 402-403,450, 468 AmenityScheme, 297-298 Fond du Lac's Spectacleof Geese(Fond du Lac, EnvironmentalManagement Plan: LyndeShores Wisconsin), 217 SecondaryPlan Area, 431,440 food chain, 106, 108-109,391, 399 environmental protection, 65, 76, 85-88,93, forster's tern, 108 271,417-418,431-432,437,440-441, Fort Rouille (Toronto, ant.), 341-342,350-351 447-448,453 Fort York (Toronto, ant.), 165,304-305,351, environmentally friendly industry, 36, 252, 353-354,359, 361 406-407,410-411,441,465-467 Fraser River Estuary Management Plan, 170 environmentally sensitive areas, 51,53, 179, Frederick G. Gardiner Expressway, 15,347 182,443,451 free trade, 30 environmentally significant areas, 6,53,67,69, FREMP. SeeFraser River Estuary Management 88,416,420,430,432,435,447 Plan erosion, 52,93, 150, 154, 156-158,163, 165, Frenchman's Bay (Pickering, ant.), 154,427, 168, 183, 286, 402, 450 431,433-434,447,463 erosion control, 52,93, 158, 163, 168 Frenchman'sBay, Ontario: Conservationand The Esplanade (Toronto, Ont.) , 361,365 SustainableDevelopment, 434, 448 Etobicoke (Ont.), 290,292-293,305,343,348, FreshWater Seas: Saving the Great Lakes, 102 462, 468 Friends ofthe Credit River Valley, 193,199,201 Etobicoke (Ont.). City Council, 13, 131,289, Front St. (Toronto, ant.), 336,359 293-297,299,301,338,350,469 Fundamentals:The Basis for theMississauga Etobicoke Creek (Etobicoke, Ont.) , 291,293 WateifrontPlan, 282-283 Etobicoke Motel Strip. SeeMotel Strip funding, 52,93,127,134,136-137,140-143,163, (Etobicoke, Ont.) 203,371-372,374,377,380 eutrophication, 102-104 TheFuture ofthe TorontoIsland Ai7port: TheIssues, Evaluating theRole ofthe Automobile: A Municipal 4,377 Strategy,49 Gage Creek (Port Hope, ant.), 451-452 Exhibition Place (Toronto, Ont.) , 216,305, Gairdner,James, 266 353-355,360-361,363,468 Gairloch Gardens (Oakville, ant.), 266 TheExPerience of Place, 210,261,405,423 GanaraskaRegion Conservation Authority, 71, Expo, 362, 468 427,447,453 federal government, 2,7-8,12-14,117.,121, GanaraskaRiver (ant.), 202,427,433,448,451 126-127-128,131,140-141,146-147,175, garbage. Seesolid waste 205-206,287, 304,338, 362,365-366, Gardhome,John, 342 371-374,377,380,433,461-462,469 Gardiner Expressway(Toronto, ant.), 15,304, ferries, 379, 381 306,310,323,325,327-331,347,361,366, festivals, 216 405 Fifth Biennial Reportunder theGreat Lakes Water Gardiner/Lakeshore Corridor (Toronto, ant.), QualityAgreement of 1978 to theGovernments 13,306-309,316-318,320,323-324,327, ofthe UnitedStates and Canadaand theState 329-330,334, 337-338, 349,353, 359, 366, and Provincial Governmentsof the Great Lakes 387,398-399, 405 Basin, 120, 124 Garrison Common (Toronto, ant.), 79,176, Filey, Mike, 345 218,221,350-357,359-362,405,462,468 financial districts, 312

519 Gamson Common: Preliminary Master Plan, 16, GreenCities: EcologicallySound Approaches to 221,304-305,335,354-355,359,362,469 UrbanSpace, 173 Gatineau Park (Quebec), 180 Greenis Gold: BusinessTalking to Businessabout the General Motors of Canada Limited, 429-430, EnvironmentalRevolution, 36, 326 441 green space, 6,271-272,281,361,436 Georgetown GO Station, 359, 363 A GreenStrategy for theGreater Toronto Waterfront: Georgian Trail (Ont.), 192 Backgroundand Issues,10, 113, 184 Gertler, Meric, 30,45 A GreenlandsStrategy for Halton, 271-272 GLWQA. SeeGreat Lakes Water Quality TheGreenspace Strategy for theGreater Toronto Region:A ConservationVision for the21st Agreement GO Transit, 267, 280, 322, 324, 327-328, Century,51 331-332,336-338,353,359,405,429,466-469 greenways, 15,78,87,95,176-177,180-190, Gooderham and Worts Distillery (Toronto, 192-194,196-198, 200-202, 205-207,215, Ont.),305,317,390,393 270,274-276,285,287,293-294,301,309, Goodyear site (Etobicoke, Ont.) , 296 318,335,337-338,401402,416,419,424, Grand Harbour (Etobicoke, Ont.), 290,294 440,446-448,451,453,461,466,468 Grand Trunk Railway, 344,365,444 GreenwaysAdvisory Co~mittee, 190,451 gravel. Seeaggregate resources GreenwaysforAmerica,187 Great Lakes, 11,103,107, Ill, 113, 118, 120, Greenways/GreenlandsFoundation, 203-204 125,127-128,132,141,144,147,209,303, Grier, Ruth, 14-15,87,123-124,178,202,352 461,467 Grindstone Creek (Burlington, ant.), 53,202, , 95,97-98,104,108,111-112, 270, 275 114-116,118,120,124-127,138-139, groundwater, 24,91,113,133,183,317 141-142,228,457 guidelines, 397,451 The Great Lakes in the 1990s: An Environmental Guidelines for Open Disposal of Dredged Scan for a RimewedCanada-Ontario Agreement, Materials, 451 103, 121, 128 The Guild, 420 Great Lakes Pollution Prevention Centre, 124 The Guild. Board of Management, 421 Great Lakes Science Advisory Board, 110, 112, Guild Inn (Scarborough, ant.), 221,415,423, 115,119,124. Seealso International Joint 425 Commission. Science Advisory Board, The Guild of All Arts, 420 Great Lakes Science Centre, 110,275 Gzowski,Peter, 455456 Great Lakes United, 121 habitats, 52-53,74, 82,93,112-113,128,132, Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement, 14, 1O~ 104, 155, 15S-159,181-182, 222, 236, 240, 277, 112,116, 118, 12~121, 123, 125-128, 131, 285,314,318,356-357,391, 39S-399,402, 139-143,147,391,451,457,461 424,447. Seealso wildlife habitat Great Lakes Water Quality Board, 104, 106, 108, Halton (ant. : Regional municipality), 13,28, 110,116,124,129-130. Seealso International 50-51,64,75,190,217,265,271,274-276, Joint Commission. Water Quality Board, 462 Great Toronto Fire (1904),365 Halton Region Conservation Authority, Greater Toronto Area, 11, 14, 21, 23, 53, 55, 6~ 274-275,462 64,97,306 Halton UrbanStructure Review, 75 Greater Toronto Area Urban Structure Concepts Halton WaterfrontPlan, 272, 275 Study, 53,64,187,311 Hamilton BeachConcept Plan, 271,276 Greater Toronto bioregion, 11,14,21,23, Hamilton BeachNeighbourhood Plan: Draft, 271, 25-31,40-42,64,83,90,118,146-147,149, 275 157, 168-170, 172, 176, 189-190, 194,209, (Hamilton, ant.), 267,271 217,223,308,427,446

520 Hamilton Harbour Remedial Action Plan, 53, Howard, Ebenezer, 342 134, 267 Humber Bay (Etobicoke, Ont.), 292, 300, 305, Hamilton Region Conservation Authority, 271, 314,339,341,343,345,348,350,468 275 East (Etobicoke, Ont.) , 7, Hancock, Trevor, 10,35 155, 162,291,294 Hanlan's Point (Toronto, ant.), 383 Humber Bay Park West (Etobicoke, Ont.), 291, Harbour Area Secondary Plan (Cobourg, ant.), 293-294 452, 464 site (Etobicoke, Ont.), 292, Harbour Isle (Whitby, ant.), 439-440 296, 300-301 Harbourfront (Toronto, ant.), 2,7-8,155,216, Humber River (Etobicoke, Ont.), 7,131, 218,304-305,316-317,364,371-372,374, 133-134,136-137,187,202,292-293,314,339 376 The Humber River//WestemBeaches Civic Harbourfront Corporation, 2, 7-8, 370-372,374, Design Study, 348 376-377,461-462 Humber River Water Quality Management Plan, Harbourfront Corporation. Board of Directors, 136 372, 374 Humber River Watershed, 118, 136,292,315 Harbourfront Disposition Company, 374 Humber Sewage Treatment Plant, 292 Harbourfront Foundation, 7, 372-373 , 235, 315, 396 Harbourfront LRT, 332,337-338,349,353, I RememberSunnyside, 345 359-360, 390, 405 ICLEI. SeeInternational Council for Local Harbourfront '90, 374, 376-377 Environmental Initiatives Harkow Aggregatesand Recycling Limited, 37 IjC. SeeInternationaljoint Commission hazard lands, 164, 168 Implementation Guidelines: Provincial Interest on the health, 34,110 Oak Ridges Moraine Area ofthe Greater Toronto HealthyToronto 2000, 35 Area, 53,70,91-92,183,196 Heber Down Conservation Area, 195,440 indicator species, 82, 159,391 Henry House Museum (Oshawa,ant.), 429 industrial parks, 407, 409 herring gull, 106, 108 industrial pollution, 133,143,314,393 hexachlorobenzene,104 industrial wastes, 314, 393 high-rise buildings, 7, 279-280,290, 296, industry, 310,312,320,387,404,421,430, 298-299,317, 371, 373-374 464-465. Seealso environmentally friendly Highland Creek (Scarborough, ant.), 131,416 industry High Park (Toronto, ant.), 305,314,342 intergovernmental co-operation, 2,9,11,17, Highway 407 (ant.), 27,347 46,51-52,81,88,94,116,126,131,139, highways, 27,310,328,330-331,340,342,433, 169-170, 172-173,206,222,271,275,281, 468 293,310,352,354-355,365,392,414,431, Hill, Raymond, 460 457,463-464 Hi-Rise Structures, 437-438 Interim Repon, 1989, 4,149,292,372,405,417 Hiss, Tony, 210,261,405,423 Interim Waste Authority Ltd., 28 historic preservation, 404 International Council for Local Environmental HMCSYork (Toronto, ant.), 16,304-305,361 Initiatives, 49 Hope, Col. Henry, 448 International Eelpout Festival (Walker, Hough, Michael, 42 Minnesota), 217 Housing and Neighbourhoods:The Liveable Internationaljoint Commission, 10,25, Waterfront,3 101-102,104,116,118,120,126,128-129, housing, 9, 29, 67, 268, 279-280,290, 292, 308, 130,133-135,139-140,142,144,147,157, 320,330,335,337,381,387,389,398,400, 267,291,303,457 407,409,421,429,465-468. Seealso afford- International joint Commission. Science able housing AdvisoryBoard, 112,115,119,124

521 International Joint Commission. Virtual lakefilling, 7, 13, 25, 152-157,159-163, 165-166, Elimination Task Force, 125 173-175,272-273,277,283-285,287,291, InternationalJoint Commission. Water Quality 294-295,297,300,317,357,365-366,380, Board, 104,106,108,110,116,124, 387,389,397,423,435,438,446,451. See 129-130 alsolandfilling ISF. SeeToronto Island Airport. Lakefront Promenade Park (Mississauga,ant.), Intergovernmental Staff Forum 277,286 J. C. Saddington Park (Mississauga, Ont.), 218, LakeshoreOveroiew Study South Etobicoke -Draft, 277 293,295-296,301,348 Jack Darling Memorial Park (Mississauga, Ont.), Lakeshore Psychiatric Hospital (Etobicoke, 218 ant.), 289,291-292,296,300 Jackson, Ian C., 103, 121, 128 LakeviewGenerating Station (Mississauga, Jacobs, Peter, 76, 174, 274, 362, 401 ant.), 27,153,278,286 job creation, 10,409-410 LakeviewPark (Oshawa,ant.), 428-429,441 Jobs, opportunities, and Economic Growth, 4, LakeviewSewage Treatment Plant (Mississauga, Johns-Manville site (Scarborough, Ont.), 422 ant.), 153 jurisdiction, 2, 12,46-48,53,70-71,80,87,91, LakeviewWater Pollution Control Plant 93,115,117-118,127,140,167,170,172, (Mississauga,ant.), 286 198,362,380,390,399,407,413,457,460, Lakewide Management Plans, 139 469 land ownership, 194,201,380,399,428,433, Kanter, Ron, 9,51,64, 184, 203, 271 440 (Toronto, Ont.), 132,253, Land StewardshiP& HealthyCommunities: A 393, 398-399 Visionfor the 90'sand Beyond-Draft, 274 Keeping our Garden State Gr~en: A Local Government land transfers, 7-9,13-14,203,372,374,380, Guide for Greenwayand open SpacePlanning, 408, 441 193 land-use planning, 8-9,17,53,63-71,73,75-87, Kilbourn, William, 352 90,91,118,123,192,239,241,246,248, King (Ont.). Town Council, 190 307,309,319-320,352,354-355,376,381, The KinshiP of Nature, 142, 320 390,399401,413,442443,453 The Kirkland Partnership Inc., 299, 348 landfilling, 26,28. Seealso lakefilling Kirkpatrick, Sale, 41,43;145 landscape design, 209,212,216,436 Klinger, Xenia, 210 The Late,Great Lakes: An EnvironmentalHistory, lACAC. SeeLocal Architectural Conservation 101 Advisory Committee legislation, 14, 70, 82, 86, 203-204,206, 384 La Salle Park (Burlington, Ont.), 265 Lemire, Robert A., 84 , 102-103, 113 (Toronto, ant.), 7,153,155, , 108,110-111 168,252,305,314,385,387,395,397-399, Lake Ontario, 41,95,97,103,108,127,133, 402, 404, 408 150, 303, 461 Lester B. PearsonInternational Airport, 360, Lake Ontario Cement Limited, 387 363, 377, 379-380 Lake Ontario Toxics Management Plan, 10 links, 6,9, 164, 174, 177-179,181-183, 185, Lake Shore Boulevard (Toronto, Ont.), 289, 187-190,194, 198-200,202,208,256,270, 306,323,329,337,345,347,349,359,361, 276, 281>-287,293-294, 308-309, 335, 349, 366 360,363,369,373,379,399,402,404405, Conservation Authority, 427 425, 429, 439, 446, 468 , 108,113 Lion Monument (Toronto, ant.), 44,341 lake trout, 108, 451 Liquor Control Board of Ontario, 387, 399 Little, Charles, 187

522 Local Architectural Conservation Advisory Metropolitan Toronto and Region Conservation Committee, 198 Authority, 51,80,94, 131, 154, 158, 160, Long Branch Village (Etobicoke, ant.), 296 174,184,190,197,199,281,287,294, Lower Don Lands (Toronto, ant.), 252,305, 301-302,338,416,421,423-424,427, 385-386, 389, 393, 395-402,404-405, 433-434,436-437,439,447-448,462 407-409,411,413-414,467-468 Metropolitan Toronto (Ont.), 52-53,80,131, Lower Trent Region ConselVationAuthority, 313, 424-425,462, 469 168,453 Metropolitan Toronto (Ont.). City Council, 15, Lynde Creek (Whitby, ant.), 195,202,427,447 64,131,137,293,296,301,307-308,328, Lynde Creek Shores marsh (Whitby, ant.), 222 338, 350, 362, 366, 384, 399 Lynde Shores (Whitby, ant.), 446,464 Metropolitan Toronto (Ont.). Dept. of Public Lynde Shores Conservation Area, 195,222,428 Works, 300 Lynde Shores SecondaryPlan, 440 MetropoUReport,16,128-129,185,194,208,213, M. M. Dillon Ltd., 431 263, 284 Main SewageTreatment Plant (Toronto, ant.), MGS. SeeOntario. Ministry of Government 145,318,389-390,407 Services Malone Givens Parsons Ltd., 442 Microclimate, 95, 209, 211, 223, 404 Malton Airport (Toronto, ant.). SeeLester B. Miller, Sarah, 129 Pearson International Airport Mimico (Etobicoke, Ont.), 289,293-294,343 Maple Leaf stadium (Toronto, ant.), 345 MimicoCreek (Etobicoke, Ont.), 131,292 Marathon Realty Company Limited, 367-368 TheMimico Study, 294 (Etobicoke, ant.), 281,286, mink, 108 291 mirex, 104 Marina del Rey development project MISA. SeeMunicipal/Industrial Strategy for (Etobicoke, ant.), 294 Abatement marinas, 155,279,395,438,451 Mississauga(Ont.), 218,279,462 marshes,24, 152, 158,251,253,278,314,393, Mississauga(Ont.). City Council, 13,277,281, 401-402,431,433,435,441. Seealso 285-287 wetlands Mississauga(Ont.). Mayor, 281 , 257,387,396,405 MississaugaWaterfront Plan: Resultsof Agency Maryland, 180, 193 Reviewand Public Consultation-Draft, 279, McGuinness site (Etobicoke, ant.), 296-297 282-283,285 McHarg, Ian L., 66 mixed uses, 218,267,319-320,334-335,338, McKeough, W. Darcy, 374,376 401,406-407,442,444,453,467-468 McLaughlin Bay (ant.), 155,431,447 MMA. SeeOntario. Ministry of Municipal Affairs McLaughlin BayWildlife ReseIVe,441 MNR. SeeOntario. Ministry of Natural Resources McNichol estate (Burlington, ant.), 266 MOE. SeeOntario. Ministry of the Environment McQuesten,Thomas Baker, 340 Moir, Michael, 79 Metro Centre,364 Mono (Ont.). Town Council, 50-51 Metro Centre (Toronto, ant.), 366 moratoria, 7,13,149,173,293,434 Metro Toronto Convention Centre, 369-370 Morris, David, 173 Metro Toronto Remedial Action Plan, 25, 64, Morrison Creek (Oakville, Ont.), 266 94,130-134,136,143-147,157,391,401, MOT. SeeOntario. Ministry of Transportation 403 Motel Strip (Etobicoke, Ont.), 218,291, Metro Toronto Remedial Action Plan. Public 296-299,304, 348,462 Advisory Committee, 131, 134 Motel Strip SecondaryPlan, 295, 298-299 The Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, Moulden, Julia, 36-37,326 N. Y.), 214 MTCC. SeeMetro Toronto Convention Centre

523 MTRCA. SeeMetropolitan Toronto and Region nuclear power plants, 27, 154 ConseIVationAuthority Oak Ridges Moraine (Ont.), 13,25,41,51,53, Mumford, Lewis, 471 60,64,70,91-92,113,146,183,189,196- municipal government, 12-14,50,65,67-69,71, 197,200,228,236,242-243,257,416,420, 88-89,92,131,141,189,193,205,223,373, 432, 440, 446, 448 462 Oakville (Ont.), 217-218,462 Municipal/Industrial Strategyfor Abatement, Oakville (Ont.). Town Council, 266,271-275 114,121,123-124,127,143,148 official plans, 51,64-67,69,73-74,87-88,196, Municipal/Industrial Strategy for Abatement. 200-201,205,211,223,268,272,274-275, Advisory Committee, 37 281-282,286-287,293,295,297,302,312, , 216 348,366,373,390,421,424,431,438-440, National Capital Commission, 180 443-444,447,451-453 National ResearchCouncil of Canada, 411 OMB. SeeOntario Municipal Board natural areas,7.. 52-53, 155, 171, 179, 239,398, Ontario. Environmental AssessmentAdvisory 402, 404, 408, 418, 427, 429, 432, 443,448. Committee, 71 Seealso wilderness areas Ontario. Minister of the Environment, 14,118, natural heritage, 78,87,339, 401,404,418 123,163,178,202,286,297,304 Natural Sciencesand Engineering Research Ontario. Ministry of Agriculture and Food, 64, Council Canada, 411 89,93 nautical centres, 376 Ontario. Ministry of Government Services, 292, NCC. SeeNational Capital Commission 300-301,440 NEF. SeeNoise Exposure Forecast Ontario. Ministry of Industry, Trade and TheNew "Big Picture", 38 Technology, 413 NewYork(N.Y.),30,333 Ontario. Ministry of Municipal Affairs, 51, 64, Newcastle (Ont.), 427,429-430,441,443-444 67, 75,93, 298, 374,396, 439 Newcastle (Ont.). Town Council, 444,447,462, Ontario. Ministry of Natural Resources, 51,64, 464 67,89,93,94,114,169,182,199,234,396, (Ont.), 25,41,60,90,180, 445 197,199,270-271 Ontario. Ministry of the Environment, 51,64, Niagara Escarpment Commission, 51,90-92, 75,94,117,121,126,131,133,137,149, 180, 199 159, 169, 174-175,292,413,424,436,440 NiagaraEscaryment Plan, 53, 64, 70, 90, 189 Ontario. Ministry of the Environment. NiagaraEscaryment Planning and DevelopmentAct, Environmental AssessmentProgram 70,90, 180 Improvement Project (EAPIP), 64 Niagara Neighbourhood (Toronto, Ont.) , 305, Ontario. Ministry of the Environment. 353 Investigations and Enforcement Branch, , 113,157 197 Niagara-on-the-Lake (Ont.), 113 Ontario. Ministry of Transportation, 15,275, 1991 Reportto theInternational joint Commission, 307,378 110 Ontario. Special Advisor to the Premier on "Nodal" concept, 53 Waterfront Development, 374 noise, 52,307,316-318,381,398,404 Ontario Hydro, 192,275,281,286-287,399, Noise Exposure Forecast, 381 429-430,432 Norris Park (Etobicoke, Ont.) , 294 Ontario Municipal Board, 74,91':92,296-297, North Toronto SewageTreatment Plant, 145, 299, 366-367,376, 439 237 Ontario Place (Toronto, Ont.), 16,155,216, North York (Ont.). City Council, 51 304-305,352, 354, 356, 360, 363, 468 Northumberland County, 453 Ontario Provincial Police, 399 Nuala Beck & AssociatesInc., 38

524 open space, 6,78,179,187,211,272-273,276, Pickering (Ont.), 427-429,433-434 281,309,318,334,348,357,361-362, Pickering (Ont.). Town Council, 434-435, 427-428,439, 466, 468 447-448,462-463 ORTECH INTERNATIONAL, 413 Pickering Harbour and RoadJoint Stock OshawaHarbour, 155,222,429-430,441-443, Company, 433-434 448 Pickering Nuclear Generating Station, 27,154, Oshawa Harbour Commission, 428,441,463 428-429 OshawaHarbour Development Plan: A Reportto the ThePlan for Downtown Toronto,364 OshawaHarbour Commission,441-442 planning, 7-9,12,14,17,53,63-71,73,75-84, Oshawa (Ont.), 427-428,441-443 285-286,292, 294-296,298, 352, 354-355, Oshawa (Ont.). City Council, 222,441-443,447, 432, 438, 443 462-463 Planning Act, 7,9,12,14,67-68,70,74,85-87, OshawaHistorical Society, 429 89,112,204-205,297,348,364,390 OshawaSecond Marsh (Oshawa,Ont.), 155 PlanningDirections for theMetropolitan Waterfront: OshawaWaterfront Development Plan -Final Report, An Overview,421 443 Planningfor Sustainability:Towards Integrating Ottawa (Ont.), 216 EnvironmentalProtection into Land-Use otter, 108 Planning, 14,16-17,63,65,67,73,76,85-86 Otto, Stephen A., 341 policies, 67-68,84,88,112,194,205 Our CommonFuture, 33, 457 PolicyStatement: Flood Plain Planning: A Statement Out ofPlace: Restoring Identity to theRegional ofOntario Government Policy Issued under the Landscape,42 Authority ofSection 3 ofthe Planning At!, 67, Outer Harbour Marina (Toronto, Ont.), 153, 396 385, 395, 408 PolicyStatement: Wetlands: A ProposedPolicy Outer Harbour Sailing Federation, 408 Statementof the Government of Ontario Issued ozone, 52, 74 for Public Reoiew,67-68,88,112-113 Palace Pier (Etobicoke, Ont.), 294 pollutants, 74,124,127,143 PalaisRoyale (Toronto, Ont.), 346 pollution, 120, 123, 125, 132,292,318,398,403. Parkdale (Toronto, Ont.), 305,343,353 Seealso air pollution, water pollution Parkdale Canoe Club, 346 Polson Quay (Toronto, Ont.), 390,468 parks, 13,218,221,223,273,286-287,293-294, polychlorinated biphenyls, 104,107,109-110, 300;.301,309,349,369-372,374,376,380, 117-119,125,398 384,389,402,415,418,427-428,451,466, population, 23, 28-30,40, 268, 279, 313, 320, 468 421, 429, 433, 436, 443-444,448, 452 Parks,Pleasures, and Public Amenities,4, 45 Port Credit (Ont.), 153,277,279 Partnership agreements. SeeWaterfront Port Credit Harbour (Mississauga,Ont.), 218, Partnership Agreements 279, 287 Pathways:Towards an EcosystemApproach: A Report Port Credit Yacht Club, 277 ofPhases I and II ofan EnvironmentalAudit of Port Darlington (Bowmanville, Ont.), 155,429 Toronto'sEast Bayfront and Port Industrial Port Hope (Ont.), 448,451 Area, 125,134,146,152,304,393 Port Hope (Ont.). Town Council, 450,453,464 Peel (Ont. : Regional municipality), 64,218, Port Hope Harbour (Port Hope, Ont.), 451 281,283,286-287 Port Hope Waterfront Study Committee, 451 Persistenceand Change: WaterfrontIssues and the Port Industrial AreaConcept Plan, 390 Board ofToronto Harbour Commissioners,4, Port Industrial District (Toronto, Ont.), 8-11, 405 16,76,79,146,176,252,304,316-317,385, Peterson, David, 2, 9, 304 387,390-391,393,396-399,406-407, Petticoat Creek (Pickering, Ont.), 418,427 409-411,462 Petticoat Creek Conservation Area, 222,428 Port of Os hawa, 430,441-443

525 Port of Toronto, 8,305, 390,405-407 The Railway Lands: Basisfor Planning, 366 Port Union (Scarborough, Ont.), 422 Railway Lands Pan II: DevelopmRntConcept, 368 Port Union Road (Scarborough,Ont.), 423 Railway Lands Pan II: Implementation Strategy, 364 Porter, Dana, 93 Railway Lands Pan II: Memorandum of Conditions, Porter, Michael, 38 366-367 Potter, Pat, 108 Railway Lands: ProposedGoals and Objectives,366 Prince Edward Island, 117 railway systems, 466 Princes Blvd., 361 rainbow trout, 450-451 Princes' Gates (Exhibition Place,Toronto, Rattray Estate (Mississauga, Ont.), 278 Ont.), 44,361 Rattray Marsh (Mississauga, Ont.), 152,182, principles. SeeWaterfront Principles 278 programming, 7,208,223,371-372,374, Rattray Marsh Conservation Area, 278 376-377 recommendations, 6-10,12-13,85,87,90,92, Proposition "K", 210 94,140,142,145,147,172-176,194,197, provincial government 201,204,206,223,274,287,292-293,301, 2,9,12-14,27,53,67,70,86-90,92,94, 338,349,362,372,414,424,447,453 103-104,117, 121, 131~140-141, 143,146, recreation, 166,183,185-186,212-213,217-218, 149,172-175,178,189,196,201-202,205, 222,256,271-272,300,318,335,396,402, 271-272,274,276,281,287,292-293,296-299, 424,439,451 301,303-304,307-308,311,328,338,348, recreational facilities, 208,213,218,346,352, 350, 362, 373, 379, 382, 384, 387, 390, 418, 355, 372, 409, 423, 428, 468 424-425,428,431-432,434,439-440,444, recycling, 37,52 446-448,452,461,464,468-469 redevelopment. Seeurban renewal provincial interest, 9, 12-13,67,91-92,183,281, Redpath Sugars, 387, 395; 405, 407 292, 297-299,304, 348, 373,390, 432 Rees, Bill, 32 Provincial SedimentQuality Guidelines:Draft, 159, Region of Halton. SeeHalton (Ont.: Regional 175 municipality) public consultation, 13, 16, 84, 88, 171, 173, Regional Water Supply Plant (Durham, Onto : 213, 282-283,298, 302, 413, 448 Regional municipality), 436,438,447 public hearings, 47, 173,362,372,377,381,405 Remedial Action Plan, 10,13,25,94,103, Ill, public participation, 47,52,84-85, 134, 171, 118,126,129-136,139,142-146,356,451, 198,203,278,295,308 461 public transit systems,28,49,309,311-312,324, Report of the President's Commission. See 327, 329, 333-334,336, 342, 350,360, Americans Outdoors: The Legat:)', The Challenge 404-405 residential development, 311, 428, 43~34, Quebec City (Quebec), 216 438-439 Queen Elizabeth Way (Toronto, Ont.), 44,267, restoration of water quality, 7,52,80-81, 327,340,347,466 11&-119,126-131,13&-139,141,144,228, The QueenElizabeth Way: Canada'sFirst 257,275,318,348,357,399,401,452 Superhighway,340 Rethinking Urban Transport, 307 R. L. Clark Water Filtration Plant (Etobicoke, Review and Evaluation ofthe Great Lakes RAP: Ont.), 145,301 RemedialAction Plan Program 1991, 126 RabyHead (Newcastle,Ont.), 155 Revised Great Lakes Water Quality AgreemRntas Rae, Bob, 14 AmRnded by Protocol Signed November 18, 1987, railway corridors, 4-5,306-307,310-311,317, 135 322,331,347,359,364-365-366,399,422, Richardson, Arthur Herbert, 70,81,93 425, 468 Ridge Trail (San Francisco, Calif.), 180 RailwayLands (Toronto, Ont.), 176, 305, 307, ring-billed gulls, 108 317, 335, 364, 366-369,372, 462 rivers, 25, Ill, 131, 202,448

526 roads, 309, 328-329,334, 336, 359 sewage, 103,132,237,314,390 Robinson House (Oshawa,Ont.), 429 sewagetreatment, 80,101,114,126-127,314, Rosetta McClain Gardens (Scarborough, Ont.), 390 215 sewagetreatment plants, 25,103,114,127,132, Rouge River (Scarborough, Ont.), 7, Ill, 131, 143,157,390,447,451,466 202,416-417,420,427 Sewell,john, 64 Rouge RiverValley, 7,189,417-418,425,462 seweroverflows, 132, 135-136,237 Rouge River Watershed (Ont.), 94,118,416, sewers, 132,135-136,236-237,240,251,285 418 Shell House lands (Oakville, Ont.) , 268,273, Rouge Valley (Scarborough, Ont.) , 416,462 275 Rouge Valley Park (Scarborough, Ont.), 416, ShorelineRegeneration for the GreaterToronto 418-419,462 bioregion,16, 150, 152, 156, 173 RousseauxSt. john, jean-Baptiste, 342 Shoreline Regeneration Plan, 146,170-174, Royal Botanical Gardens (Burlington, Ont.), 176,194,274,285,301,338,423-424,447, 215, 270 453 Royal Commission on the Future of the Toronto shorelines, 95,149-151,154,160, 164, 16~170, Waterfront (Canada.). Shoreline 291,293-294,297,427,430,444,453 Regeneration Work Group, 21,150,156, Short Take-off and Landing, 378-379,381 158, 161, 167, 170 Simcoe, Elizabeth, 233,314,383,415 Runnalls, David, 103, 121, 128 Sims, David, 118 Runnymede Development Corporation Limited, Sixteen Mile Creek (Oakville, Ont.), 202,272, 431,437-438,458-459 275-276 S. B. McLaughlin lands (Etobicoke, Ont.) , 298 SkyDome (Toronto, Ont.), 355 safety, 186,208,215-216,391 SLOAP. SeeSpace Left Over Mter Planning salmon, 234,277,451 Smith, A. A., 340 Sam Smith Boaters Federation, 300 Smith, Col. Samuel, 342 San Antonio Riverwalk (Texas), 186 Smith, Home, 344 San Francisco, 180,210 Smith, Robert Melville, 340 San Francisco Bay Conservation and snapping turtles, 108 Development Commission, 170 social services, 29,296 Sandbury Building Corporation, 434 soil contamination. Seecontaminated soils Sandwell SwanWooster Inc., 168 solid waste, 28 Savethe Oak Ridges Moraine, 201,238 South EastToronto Industrial Awareness Savethe Rouge Valley (Toronto, Ont.) , 136, Organization, 392 193 Southeast OshawaPlanning Study, 442-443 Scarborough (Ont.), 415 Southtown (Toronto, Ont.), 364,369,468 Scarborough (Ont.). City Council, 13, 131,416, Spacefor All: optionsfor a GreaterToronto Area 421-425,462 GreenlandsStrategy, 51,64, 184,203,271 Scarborough (Ont.). Waterfront Committee, SpaceLeft Over Mter Planning, 78 421 Spadina Subway(Toronto, Ont.), 332 , 150, 154-155,158, 165, Spencer Smith Park (Burlington, Ont.), 217, 415-416,425 266 schools, 297,299,368,372,376,383,385 "Spread" model, 53 secondaryplans, 87-88,279,282,287,293, St. Basile Ie Grand (Quebec), 119 295-299,302,447,453 St. Clair River (Ont.), 113 Secretaryof State for External Affairs, 141 St. Lawrence Cement, 152 SETIAO. SeeSouth EastToronto Industrial St. Lawrence Neighbourhood (Toronto, Ont.), AwarenessOrganization 316

C')7 St. Lawrence Park (Toronto, Ont.), 390,407, Toronto (Ont.). Healthy City Office, 35,49 468 Toronto (Ont.). Commissioner of Planning, St. Mary's Cement Corporation, 429-430,441, 367 443-445 The Toronto and Mimico Electric Railway and stakeholders, 10,13,46-48,51,81,134,146,171 Light Company, 342 Stamp, Robert M., 340 Toronto Area Watershed Management Strategy, Steel Company of Canada, 343 1986, 132, 135-136 Stinson,]effery, 79,470 Toronto Belt Line Railway Company, 342 STOL. SeeShort Take-off and Landing Toronto-Buttonville International Airport stonehooking, 151 (Toronto, Ont.) , 379 stormwater, 132,135,240,243,250,285,314, Toronto Central Waterfront Transportation ComdOT 403,418 Study, 16,304-305,308,310,316-319,322, stormwater run-off, 132,236,237,250-251,314, 329, 466, 469 404, 469 Toronto Economic Development Corporation, StrachanAvenue (Toronto, Ont.), 332,336, 13,406-407,409-410 359 Toronto Hamilton Highway Commission, 342 Strategiesto Realizethe Mississauga Wateifront Plan: Toronto Harbour Commissioners Implementation,282-283 2,7-9,13-14,152-153,165,253,344-345, streets, 309,319,321-322,361 365-366,377-382,387,390,393,395,399, Sunnyside Amusement Park (Ont.), 346 403,405-410,413,461-462 Superior Park (Etobicoke, Ont.), 294 Toronto HaTlJour CommissionersAct, 406 sustainable development, 38-40,45, 52-53, Toronto Historical Board, 392 60-61,76,81-82,440,455,457 Toronto Inner Harbour (Toronto, Ont.), 132, SustainableUrban Development,76, 174, 274, 362, 153, 363, 395 401 Toronto Island Airport, 7-9, 305, 364, 377-379, Suzuki, David, 157 381-382,398 Swansea(Toronto, Ont.), 305,343-344 Toronto Island Airport. Intergovernmental Staff Task Force on the Gardiner/Lakeshore Forum, 378 Corridor, 307,339 , 150, 153, 168,221,301,305, Task Force to Bring Back the Don, 80,136,193, 314,316,364,377-378,382-385 238, 252-255,390, 401 Toronto, No Mean City, 341 TEDCO. SeeToronto Economic Development Toronto Observed,352 Corporation Toronto Outer Harbour (Toronto, Ont.), 396, THC. SeeToronto Harbour Commissioners 398, 402, 404, 408 Third Biennial Reporiunder the GreatLakes Water , 342 QualityAgreement of 1978 to the Governmentof Toronto Terminal Railways Corridor, 370 the UnitedStates and Canadaand theStates Toronto, The State of the Regional Economy, 30,45 and Provincesof the GreatLakes Basin, 129 Toronto Transit Commission, 324, 334, 342 Three-Rod Law, 151 Toronto Transportation Commission, 328,331, Tommy Thompson Park (Toronto, Ont.),. 336, 341 7, 155, 305. Seea~o Leslie Street Spit Toronto Waternont Regeneration Land Trust, TopsoilPreservation Act, 89 13, 15, 170, 462 Toronto (Ont.), 4-5,462 Towards a Liveab/£ Metropolis, 50 Toronto (Ont.). City Council, 7-9,13-14,52, Towards Ecosystem-BasedPlanning: A Perspectiveon 131, 145,308,316,327-328,338,343,350, Cumulative Environmental Effects, 76 362, 364-368,371-375, 377-382, 386-387, Town ofPort Hope Waterfront Master Plan Study, 389-390,395-396,399,406-408,410,413, 451 459, 462, 468-469

~?A Town ofWhitby Official Plan Reviewand Update urban renewal, 79,87,241,268,272-273,275, StudyPhase 3 -Development Strategies& 296-297,301-302,304,307,317,319,349, options, 440 352,355,364,371,421,423,425,462,464, toxaphene, 104,106,119 467 Toxic Chemicalsin the GreatLakes and Associated urbanization, 86 . Effects,III Vaughan (Ont.). Town Council, 69 toxins, 104,106-111,117,119-121,123-125,127, views, 7,43-44,164,201,208,212,215,265-266, 143,157,317-318,391,398,404 272,339,341,423,428,436 lTR. SeeToronto Tenninal Railways Vision2020: A Planfor theMississauga Waterfront, trade centre, 335, 353, 359, 462 281-283 traffic, 27,79,310,319,321-322,324,327,337, visual access.See views 423 Walpole Island (Ont.), 113 trails, 12-15,51,91,178,180,184-186,188-190, Ward's Island (Toronto, Ont.), 153,383-384 194,197,201,205,256,270-271,281,286, water conseIVation, 24,52-53,113-114,145 293,300-301,349,402,424,434,439, WaterConservation in Ontario: Implementingthe 446-448,452-453,461-462,466,468 UserPay System to Finance a Cleaner transit, 28,308,311-312,324,327,329-300,331, Environment,114 333-334,336, 360, 466 water pollution, 25,120,135,250,292,314,399 transportation, 9,27,50,87,309,316,320,334, water quality, 25, 74, 80, 101, 103-104,106, 359, 377,401, 404-405,466 126-132,135,138,145,182-183,238,272, transportation corridors, 15, 267, 305, 308-309, 292,318,356-357,362,398,451,461. See 317-319,322,325,327,329,333-334, alsorestoration of water quality 339-341,347-348,353,357,366,404,468 water resources, 24,51,64,113-114 The TransportationTomorrow Suroey, 323, 325 water supply, 24,113,143,447 Tree BylawsAdvisory Committee, 89 The Waterfowl Festival (Easton, Maryland), 217 trees, 52,71, 239, 241 waterfront development, 9, 65 TreesAct, 89, 434 Waterfront Partnership Agreements, 12, 15, Trenton (Ont.), 453 170, 193, 205, 274,281, 287,301,338,424, (Toronto, ant.), 431,442,447,457,462,469 361-362 The WaterfrontPlan for theMetropolitan Toronto TripartiteAgreement,7,379-381 Planning Area, 152,283 trucks, 323, 327-329 The WaterfrontPlan of1912, 152, 344-345,347, TTC. SeeToronto Transit Commission 387, 393, 396 Union Station (Toronto, ant.), 305,311,364, Waterfront Principles, 12, 14, 56-60, 76, 87, 202, 366, 368-370 238,274,281,283,287,296,298,318,391, United States, 170,461 407,421,423-424,430-431,434,439,441, United States.Council on Environmental 444,447,451,456-457,462 Quality, 123 Waterfront Trail, 12-14,174,176,178,189,194, United States.General Accounting Office, 125 270-271,275-276,281,285-287,293,309, United States.National Parks 338, 349, 357, 362, 405, 424-425,434, 439, Service, 186 446-447,452-453,461-462 United Nations Conference on Environment TheWaterfront Trail: First Stepsfrom Conceptto and Development, 49 Reality, 178,194,271,273,452 United Nations Environment Programme, 413 WaterfrontTransportation in theContext of Regional universities and colleges, 413 Transportation,9-10 University of Waterloo. Heritage Resources Waterloo (Ont. : Regional municipality), 52 Centre, 434 waterlots, 275, 299, 380 urban design, 298-299

~?Q Watershed:Interim Reporl,1990, 11-14,19,21,31, 56,63,65,76, 91-92, 13~134, 138, 144, 149, 170, 173, 177-178,252,281,283,292,294, 298,306,352, 364, 370, 391, 406-409, 421-422,431-432,434-436,439,444-445, 452,455,457,461-462,467 watersheds, 6-7, Ii, 13, 51, 60, 70, 87, 9~95, 131,134,137-138,145-146,171,271,286 Weller, Phil, 102 wetlands, 23,67-69,88,111-113,152,182, 240-241,251,357,402,437,448,452. See alsomarshes Whitby (Ont.), 117-118,195,427-429,439 Whitby (Ont.). Town Council, 439-440,.447, 462, 464 Whitby Harbour, 117, 428, 439-440 Whitby Psychiatric Hospital (Whitby, Ont.), 428, 446 white sucker, 108 Whitman, Walt, 304 Whyte, William H., 64, 179, 211, 222 Wild Life Strategyfor Ontario, 181 wilderness areas.See also natural areas, 7, 155, 398, 408 wildlife, 7,24,106-108,182,243,251,318,391 wildlife corridor, 13,235,252,256,.402 wildlife habitat, 52-53,82,181,183,314,318, 387,391,398-399,402,404,408,446 Willamette River Greenway (Oregon), 180 WilmOt Creek Marsh (Newcastle,Ont.), 431, 447" Wilmot Creet Retirement Community, 429,444 wind, 210-213,222-223 winter recreation, 208,212-216-217,222 WinterWaterfront: Year-Round Use in Metropolitan Toronto,207,210 winter waterfronts, 208,213,216-217,222 Winterlude (Ottawa, Ont.), 216 Wismer, Susan, 171 World Commission on Environment and Development, 33,38-39,45,61,410,457 World Trade Centre (Toronto, Ont.), 335,353, 359-360,363,410 WRAP. SeeWaterfront Remedial Action Plan, York (Ont. : Regional municipality), 64,69,113 York Quay (Toronto, Ont.), 216 Zero Discharge, 120, 123,240 zoning, 71,241,319,376,438-439

530