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DIÁLOGOS TRANSDISCIPLINARIOS EN LA SOCIEDAD DE LA INFORMACIÓN Se Autoriza La Reproducción Total O Parcial Del Contenido Citando Expresamente La Fuente era digital era digital era digitalera digital EDITOR Fundación REDES para el Desarrollo Sostenible COORDINADOR J. Eduardo Rojas CONSEJO EDITORIAL Guido Cortez Calla Heleen Weeda Jorge Alejandro Patiño Córdova Marcelo Guardia Crespo Ricardo M. Urquidi Teresa Sanjinés Lora EDICIÓN Claudia Sánchez y Sánchez DISEÑO DE TAPA Mauricio Daniel Hinojosa - M4 Estudio DIAGRAMACIÓN Ernesto Rodrigo Lira EQUIPO DE APOYO María Beatriz Piñeiro Pinelo - REDES Amparo Subieta - ADSIB Fundación REDES para el Desarrollo Sostenible en Bolivia Calle Víctor Sanjinés Nº 2895 Piso 1 Of. 3 La Paz, Bolivia [email protected] www.fundacionredes.org Producido por la Fundación REDES en Bolivia La Paz, Mayo de 2010. Todos los derechos reservados. La información publicada es de responsabilidad exclusiva de sus autores y no refleja necesariamente la posición de los editores ni auspiciadores de DIÁLOGOS TRANSDISCIPLINARIOS EN LA SOCIEDAD DE LA INFORMACIÓN Se autoriza la reproducción total o parcial del contenido citando expresamente la fuente. 2 Diálogos Transdisciplinarios en la Sociedad de la Información era digital era digital era digitalera digital PRESENTACIÓN INTERNACIONAL. Cosette Espíndola Castro (Brasil) ................................5 PRESENTACIÓN NACIONAL. Jorge Alejandro Patiño (Bolivia) ...........................................6 INTRODUCCIÓN. J. Eduardo Rojas ....................................................................................7 PRIMER MOMENTO: LA ERA DIGITAL 1. Reseña autorizada de: “La era digital en América Latina y el Caribe: consideraciones para un marco de Saadia Sánchez Vegas” por J. Eduardo Rojas ...........................20 2. La Gobernanza de Internet. Alejandro Patiño Córdova ........................................23 3. Reseña autorizada de: “Doce años midiendo la diversidad lingüística en Internet: Balance y perspectivas de Daniel Pimienta, Daniel Prado y Alvaro Blanco” por J.Eduardo Rojas ...................................................................................................27 4. Redes académicas avanzadas: haciendo realidad nuestros sueños. Roberto Zambrana ............................................................................................................36 5. Convergencia mediática en la acción social. Tecnología y movilización callejera en Bolivia. Marlene Choque .....................................................................................40 6. La descolonización digital y el movimiento de software libre en Bolivia. Iván Terceros ..............................................................................................................48 SEGUNDO MOMENTO: APLICACIONES SOCIALES 1. Reseña autorizada de: “Industrias de contenidos en Latinoamérica de Cosette Castro” por J. Eduardo Rojas ...............................................................................52 2. La empresa privada y el desarrollo de la sociedad de la información. Alejandro Rendón ................................................................................................................58 3. Organización, teletrabajo y redes. En el limbo entre lo social y lo económico. Karem Infantas Soto ............................................................................................63 3 Diálogos Transdisciplinarios en la Sociedad de la Información era digital era digital era digitalera digital 4. Innovación y tecnología educativa en las aulas bolivianas. Vivian Salinas Elías ...69 5. El programa chaski: las tic como instrumento para mejorar la educación Sanne Derks y Sylvia van den Berg-Ortega Azurduy .....................................................73 TERCER MOMENTO: NORMATIVA EN LA SOCIEDAD DE LA INFORMACIÓN 1. Reseña autorizada de “Panorama del derecho informático en América Latina y el Caribe de Jacopo Gamba” por J. Eduardo Rojas ..................................................79 2. Avances y perspectiva de la gestión de los residuos electrónicos en Chile. Andrea Allamand Puratic ................................................................................................85 3. Normativa en tecnologías de la información y la comunicación en la sociedad de la información de Bolivia. Karina Medinaceli Díaz .................................................95 CUARTO MOMENTO: CONECTIVIDAD Y ACCESO SOCIAL 1. De la sociedad de la información a la digitalización de la sociedad en Bolivia: procesos, paradojas y desafíos en el siglo XXI. J. Eduardo Rojas ........................105 2. Bolivia en el espacio, satélite Túpak Katari. Agencia Boliviana Espacial .............116 3. El sistema ISDB-T y la producción de contenido digital en Bolivia. Alan César Belo Angeluci ............................................................................................................119 4. Servicio de internet en el departamento Pando. Juan Carlos Huanca Guanca ....123 5. Del telégrafo a la tecnología digital. ENTEL .......................................................127 6. RuralMaya: Internet de bajo coste para países en vías de desarrollo. Johan Marquéz et. Al. .................................................................................................................130 7. Las redes como una realidad de participacion ciudadana. Sergio Toro, Claudia Rocabado ..........................................................................................................136 4 Diálogos Transdisciplinarios en la Sociedad de la Información era digital era digital era digitalera digital PRESENTACIÓN INTERNACIONAL El siglo XXI marca la llegada de nuevos paradigmas que cambian las formas de mirar, pensar y sentir el mundo. Esos cambios tienen como marca las tecnologías de información y comunicación (TIC) e influencian las relaciones económicas, sociales, culturales, educativas, ambientales y el comportamiento de las personas. Esos cambios transforman radicalmente las posibilidades de comunicarse, producir conocimiento y compartir informaciones, que ya no están restrictas a los medios de comunicación formales, pero se expanden al mundo digital y a las nuevas plataformas tecnológicas, ampliando la posibilidad de formación de redes sociales, de alfabetización digital y, por consecuencia, de inclusión social. Las nuevas plataformas tecnológicas van más allá del uso de la computadora mediada por internet. Ellas se expanden a la televisión digital interactiva, donde las audiencias participan activamente de la programación utilizando el control remoto desde casa; pasan por el celular que, a partir de internet, se transforma en un nuevo medio digital capaz de reunir millares de personas en poco tiempo; incluye los videojuegos en red, donde el llamado gameactivismo busca apoyar y despertar interés para algunas causas, como los que informan sobre la gripe Influenza o comprender sobre la era del petróleo. Esas tecnologías incluyen también la convergencia de medios, donde las informaciones y el conocimiento circulan entre distintas plataformas al mismo tiempo y en caso de Latinoamérica y Caribe deben ser planteadas y ofrecidas de forma abierta y gratuita. Esas transformaciones exigen una nueva manera de analizar el mundo y las ciencias, que necesitan de una mirada más amplia para ser comprendidas. Pensar la sociedad occidental a partir de una ciencia en separado ya no da cuenta de la complejidad del mundo que estamos viviendo, con sus diferencias culturales, económicas o lingüísticas, con sus distintas brechas. En ese sentido, la Revista DIÁLOGOS TRANSDISCIPLINARIOS EN LA SOCIEDAD DE LA INFORMACIÓN desde Bolivia establece un marco en el siglo XXI con su invitación al debate desde la inclusión social y digital, desde una mirada compartida, a partir del desarrollo solidario y sustentable. Cosette Castro Coordinadora del GT Contenidos Digitales Sociedad de la Información-AL y Caribe 5 Diálogos Transdisciplinarios en la Sociedad de la Información era digital era digital era digitalera digital PRESENTACIÓN NACIONAL Para Manuel Castells, la nueva sociedad la “Sociedad Red” es el resultado de una revolución en la que el informacionalismo como un paradigma tecnológico, configura una nueva estructura social en la que las relaciones humanas son sustentadas en redes que permiten procesar, almacenar y transmitir información, sin restricciones de ningún tipo. Del mismo modo, para Castells la tecnología de redes y la organización en red son sólo medios que muestran tendencias ya inscritas en la estructura social, obviamente impulsadas por la capacidad de conexión global. Sobre estas reflexiones, considero que la generación de información y de espacios de interacción relacionados a la construcción de una “Sociedad Red” que manifieste la realidad del quehacer nacional dentro del sector y desde la sociedad, es de suma importancia tanto para crear puntos de conexión como para alimentar la generación de ideas, información y conocimiento. Las TIC en sí son transdisciplinarias por constituirse en instrumentos y medios para conseguir diversos fines, pero al mismo tiempo son un sector en sí mismo por su impacto en la vida cotidiana y la importancia que tienen en el desarrollo nacional. En este sentido, aquí se encuentra una de las grandes paradojas respecto a las estrategias que se deben seguir para fomentar su uso y aprovechamiento y el enfoque para su aplicación, encontrándonos ante la disyuntiva sobre si estas políticas deban ser sectoriales o transversales. La respuesta a la interrogante planteada anteriormente es compleja y requerirá todavía de mucho estudio, no obstante, lo que sí es cierto es que para contar con
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