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Rubus Rosifolius Smith: a New Record of an Alien Species in the Flora of Ecuador

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Rubus Rosifolius Smith: a New Record of an Alien Species in the Flora of Ecuador BioInvasions Records (2020) Volume 9, Issue 4: 712–722 CORRECTED PROOF Rapid Communication Rubus rosifolius Smith: a new record of an alien species in the flora of Ecuador David A. Espinel-Ortiz and Katya Romoleroux* Laboratorio de Botánica Sistemática, Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Av. 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Quito, Ecuador Author e-mails: [email protected] (DAEO), [email protected], [email protected] (KR) *Corresponding author Citation: Espinel-Ortiz DA, Romoleroux K (2020) Rubus rosifolius Smith: a new Abstract record of an alien species in the flora of Ecuador. BioInvasions Records 9(4): 712– A new record of Rubus (Rosaceae) for Ecuador is described: R. rosifolius, a climbing 722, https://doi.org/10.3391/bir.2020.9.4.05 shrub introduced and naturalized in the Ecuadorian Andes for its edible fruits. We provide an updated key for the genus Rubus in Ecuador, a detailed description of Received: 18 March 2020 the species, and its distribution. In addition, photographs of this species and complete Accepted: 15 June 2020 illustrations are included. Published: 25 August 2020 Handling editor: Anibal Pauchard Key words: cultivated, Ecuadorian Andes, introduced, Idaeobatus, raspberry, Thematic editor: Stelios Katsanevakis Rosaceae Copyright: © Espinel-Ortiz DA and Romoleroux K This is an open access article distributed under terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License Introduction (Attribution 4.0 International - CC BY 4.0). Rubus L., included in the subfamily Rosoideae and tribe Rubeae, is one of OPEN ACCESS. the most numerous genera of the Rosaceae family with approximately 400– 700 species (Judd et al. 2016; Lingdi and Boufford 2003; Wang et al. 2016). The genus is almost cosmopolitan, though it is more abundant in north- temperate regions (Mabberley 1993; Romoleroux 1996). Focke (1910, 1911, 1914) divided the genus in 12 subgenera: Anoplobatus (Focke) Focke, Chamaebatus (Focke) Focke, Chamaemorus (Hill) Focke, Comaropsis (Rich.) Focke, Cylactis (Raf.) Focke, Dalibarda (L.) Focke, Dalibardastrum Focke, Idaeobatus (Focke) Focke, Lampobatus Focke, Malachobatus (Focke) Focke, Orobatus Focke and Rubus L. (=Eubatus Focke). Afterwards, Kalkman (1987) and Bean (1997) proposed two more subgenera, Micranthobatus (Fritsch) Focke and Diemenicus A.R. Bean, respectively. The subgenera, Rubus, Idaeobatus and Malachobatus contain almost all the species of the genus and most of the introduced and invasive species of Rubus in the world (Richardson and Rejmánek 2011; Rejmánek and Richardson 2013). The first revision of Rubus in Ecuador was made by Romoleroux (1996), who recognized 17 native, 2 endemics and 2 alien species among three subgenera (Romoleroux 1996, 1999, 2011); of these, 5 species were introduced to the Galápagos Islands (Table 1) (Jaramillo-Díaz et al. 2018). From these 5 species, Rubus niveus Thunb. is a serious threat in the Galápagos Espinel-Ortiz DA and Romoleroux K (2020), BioInvasions Records 9(4): 712–722, https://doi.org/10.3391/bir.2020.9.4.05 712 Rubus rosifolius, a new record for Ecuador Table 1. List of the species of Rubus in Ecuador (Jaramillo-Díaz et al. 2018; Romoleroux 1996; Romoleroux et al. 2018). Subgenera Species Distribution (provinces) Altitude (m) R. ellipticus Sm. IMB, PIC 2400–2600 R. niveus Thunb. AZU, CAR, GAL (FLO, ISA, SAN, SCI, STC), IMB, LOJ, NAP, PAS, Idaeobatus 700–3400 PIC, SUC, ZAM R. rosifolius Smith CAR, LOJ, PIC, SDT 600–2600 R. adenothallus Focke AZU, LOJ 2850–3250 R. adenotrichus Schltdl. AZU, BOL, CAR, CHI, COT, GAL (ISA, STC), IMB, LOJ, NAP, PIC, 1200–3900 SUC, TUN, ZAM R. bogotensis Kunth AZU, CAR, GAL, IMB, LOJ, PIC, ZAM 1050–3500 R. boliviensis Focke AZU, CAR, COT, IMB, LOJ, MOR, NAP, PIC, SDT, TUN, ZAM 1050–3300 Rubus R. floribundus Kunth AZU, BOL, CAÑ, LOJ, NAP, PIC, ZAM 1000–3400 R. glaucus Benth. BOL, CAR, COT, GAL (STC), LOJ, PIC, SUC, TUN 1850–3700 R. killipii Berger LOJ, MOR, PAS, ZAM 1000–1900 R. megalococcus Focke AZU, CAÑ, LOJ, MOR, ZAM 2650–3600 R. peruvianus Fritsch AZU, CAÑ, LOJ 2800–3750 R. urticifolius Poir. CAR, ESM, IMB, LOJ, MOR, NAP, PAS, PIC, SDT, SUC, TUN, ZAM 450–3400 R. acanthophyllos Focke AZU, LOJ, MOR 2350–3850 R. azuayensis Romol. AZU, LOJ, MOR 2800–3370 R. compactus Benth. AZU, LOJ 2600–3610 R. coriaceus Poir. AZU, CAÑ, CAR, CHI, COT, IMB, LOJ, MOR, NAP, PIC, SUC, TUN, ZAM 2550–4100 Orobatus R. glabratus Kunth AZU, BOL, CAÑ, CAR, CHI, COT, IMB, LOJ, NAP, PIC 1950–4500 R. laegaardii Romol. AZU, LOJ, MOR, ZAM 2300–3500 R. loxensis Benth. LOJ, MOR, ZAM 2600–3300 R. nubigenus Kunth AZU, CAÑ, CAR, CHI, COT, IMB, LOJ, MOR, NAP, PIC, SUC, TUN, ZAM 1900–3900 R. roseus Poir. AZU, CAR, CHI, COT, IMB, LOJ, MOR, NAP, PIC, SDT, SUC, TUN, ZAM 1850–3900 The Ecuadorian provinces are as follow: Azuay (AZU), Bolívar (BOL), Carchi (CAR), Cañar (CAÑ), Chimborazo (CHI), Cotopaxi (COT), Esmeraldas (ESM), Galápagos (GAL) [Floreana Island (FLO), Isabela Island (ISA), San Cristóbal Island (SCI), Santa Cruz Island (STC), Santiago Island (SAN)], Imbabura (IMB), Loja (LOJ), Morona Santiago (MOR), Napo (NAP), Pastaza (PAS), Pichincha (PIC), Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas (SDT), Sucumbíos (SUC), Tungurahua (TUN), Zamora Chinchipe (ZAM). Islands (Renteria et al. 2012); the other species, R. glaucus Benth., R. adenotrichos Schltdl. and R. bogotensis Kunth are not registered as invasive, and R. megalococcus Focke was eradicated in 2006 (Jaramillo-Díaz et al. 2018). During recent field work done in 2016 and 2017, we identified Rubus rosifolius Smith (1791) as a species not recorded in Ecuador before. Materials and methods During field work done in 2016 and 2017, some samples of Rubus were collected. None of them could be identified with the key to the species of Ecuador (Romoleroux 1996). The identification for these samples was done by visiting and revising the Herbaria CDS, NYBG and QCA, and it was corroborated with the species description found in the Flora of China (Lingdi and Boufford 2003). In addition, the information of previously collected but unidentified specimens of Herbarium QCA was used for the distribution of this species in Ecuador (Romoleroux et al. 2018). Results The Maurice raspberry, roseleaf raspberry or thimbleberry, Rubus rosifolius Sm., is classified in the Idaeobatus subgenus and Rosaefolii section by Focke (1911). Espinel-Ortiz DA and Romoleroux K (2020), BioInvasions Records 9(4): 712–722, https://doi.org/10.3391/bir.2020.9.4.05 713 Rubus rosifolius, a new record for Ecuador Figure 1. Rubus rosifolius Sm. (a) Habit. (b) Peduncle. (c) Distal branch. (d) Compound leaf and stipule. (e) Lower surface of the leaf. (f) Upper surface of the leaf. (g) Flower. (h) Fruit. Illustrations by Carla Rodríguez. Rubus rosifolius Sm. Plantarum Icones Hactenus Ineditae 3: pl. 60. 1791. (Figures 1–3). Orig. coll.: Mauritius: In insula Mauritii, Commerson s.n. holotype, LINN-HS902-63 [online image!], (Annotations as “roseifolius”). Espinel-Ortiz DA and Romoleroux K (2020), BioInvasions Records 9(4): 712–722, https://doi.org/10.3391/bir.2020.9.4.05 714 Rubus rosifolius, a new record for Ecuador Figure 2. Rubus rosifolius Sm. (a) Habit. (b) Leaf with leaflets. (c) Flowers. (d) Fruits. Photographs by Esteban Bastidas. Syn.: Rubus commersonii Poir. In Lam., Encycl. Meth. 6 (1806) 240. Holotype: Commerson s.n. from Java, P00162135 [online image!]. For further synonymy, see Zandee and Kalkman (1981), The Plant List (2013) and CABI (2020). Description: Scandent shrub, growing up to 1.5 m high. Distal branches slightly terete, green, villous to glabrescent, 3–5 mm diameter, with simple and tufted hairs (40–220 per total area of 1 cm long of the branch); prickles 5–8 (per total area of 5 cm long of the branch), triangular curved at the apex, 1.50–3.40 × 1.75–2.65 mm, glabrous. Leaves imparipinnate; stipules filiform 0.75–1 cm long, sparsely villous, with subsessile glands; petiole 2.5–3.5 cm long, villous, with 1–3 curved prickles 1–1.5 mm long; leaflets (5)–7, chartaceous, ovate, base rounded, apex acuminate to attenuate, margin coarsely serrate to doubly serrate, adaxial surface sparsely pilose and abaxial surface pilose on veins, both with subsessile and sessile glands; prickles absent; secondary veins 15 (16); lateral leaflets 3.5–5 × 1.5–3 cm, the terminal leaflet 5.5–8 × 2.5–4 cm; petiolule Espinel-Ortiz DA and Romoleroux K (2020), BioInvasions Records 9(4): 712–722, https://doi.org/10.3391/bir.2020.9.4.05 715 Rubus rosifolius, a new record for Ecuador Figure 3. QCA Herbarium specimen of Rubus rosifolius Sm. collected in 2016 near the limit with Colombia. 1–3 mm long. Inflorescences in terminal and axillar cymes, 1–3-flowered, with 1–5-foliolate leaves below, 2.5–5.5 cm long; peduncle 1.4–4.6 cm long, sparsely villous with subsessile glands; pedicels 1–2 cm long, villous or pilose (up to 300 hairs total area of 1 cm long of the peduncle), with scattered prickles and subsessile glands, prickles 0.9–1.6 × 0.3–0.4 mm, subulate to curved at apex. Flowers 20–25 mm diam.; sepals 5, ovate, apex mucronate to aristate, (7–)10–14 (–20) × 3–5 mm, green, sparsely pilose and glandular outside, densely pannose inside, acrescent; petals 5, roundish to widely obovate, 7–9 × 7–8 mm, white, rarely white and pale rose, with scattered adpressed hairs; anthers glabrous. Fruit bright red at maturity, globose, 1.6–2.3 × 1–1.6 cm (when fresh); drupelets 250–300, 2–4.5 × 1.6–3 mm (when fresh), glabrous, strongly coherent. Espinel-Ortiz DA and Romoleroux K (2020), BioInvasions Records 9(4): 712–722, https://doi.org/10.3391/bir.2020.9.4.05 716 Rubus rosifolius, a new record for Ecuador According to Lingdi and Boufford (2003) three varieties have been recorded for R.
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