Critical Assessment of Advanced Coding Standards for Lossless Audio Compression
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Lossless Audio Codec Comparison
Contents Introduction 3 1 CD-audio test 4 1.1 CD's used . .4 1.2 Results all CD's together . .4 1.3 Interesting quirks . .7 1.3.1 Mono encoded as stereo (Dan Browns Angels and Demons) . .7 1.3.2 Compressibility . .9 1.4 Convergence of the results . 10 2 High-resolution audio 13 2.1 Nine Inch Nails' The Slip . 13 2.2 Howard Shore's soundtrack for The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King . 16 2.3 Wasted bits . 18 3 Multichannel audio 20 3.1 Howard Shore's soundtrack for The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King . 20 A Motivation for choosing these CDs 23 B Test setup 27 B.1 Scripting and graphing . 27 B.2 Codecs and parameters used . 27 B.3 MD5 checksumming . 28 C Revision history 30 Bibliography 31 2 Introduction While testing the efficiency of lossy codecs can be quite cumbersome (as results differ for each person), comparing lossless codecs is much easier. As the last well documented and comprehensive test available on the internet has been a few years ago, I thought it would be a good idea to update. Beside comparing with CD-audio (which is often done to assess codec performance) and spitting out a grand total, this comparison also looks at extremes that occurred during the test and takes a look at 'high-resolution audio' and multichannel/surround audio. While the comparison was made to update the comparison-page on the FLAC website, it aims to be fair and unbiased. -
An Introduction to Mpeg-4 Audio Lossless Coding
« ¬ AN INTRODUCTION TO MPEG-4 AUDIO LOSSLESS CODING Tilman Liebchen Technical University of Berlin ABSTRACT encoding process has to be perfectly reversible without loss of in- formation, several parts of both encoder and decoder have to be Lossless coding will become the latest extension of the MPEG-4 implemented in a deterministic way. audio standard. In response to a call for proposals, many com- The MPEG-4 ALS codec uses forward-adaptive Linear Pre- panies have submitted lossless audio codecs for evaluation. The dictive Coding (LPC) to reduce bit rates compared to PCM, leav- codec of the Technical University of Berlin was chosen as refer- ing the optimization entirely to the encoder. Thus, various encoder ence model for MPEG-4 Audio Lossless Coding (ALS), attaining implementations are possible, offering a certain range in terms of working draft status in July 2003. The encoder is based on linear efficiency and complexity. This section gives an overview of the prediction, which enables high compression even with moderate basic encoder and decoder functionality. complexity, while the corresponding decoder is straightforward. The paper describes the basic elements of the codec, points out 2.1. Encoder Overview envisaged applications, and gives an outline of the standardization process. The MPEG-4 ALS encoder (Figure 1) typically consists of these main building blocks: • 1. INTRODUCTION Buffer: Stores one audio frame. A frame is divided into blocks of samples, typically one for each channel. Lossless audio coding enables the compression of digital audio • Coefficients Estimation and Quantization: Estimates (and data without any loss in quality due to a perfect reconstruction quantizes) the optimum predictor coefficients for each of the original signal. -
Implementing Object-Based Audio in Radio Broadcasting
Object-based Audio in Radio Broadcast Implementing Object-based audio in radio broadcasting Diplomarbeit Ausgeführt zum Zweck der Erlangung des akademischen Grades Dipl.-Ing. für technisch-wissenschaftliche Berufe am Masterstudiengang Digitale Medientechnologien and der Fachhochschule St. Pölten, Masterkalsse Audio Design von: Baran Vlad DM161567 Betreuer/in und Erstbegutachter/in: FH-Prof. Dipl.-Ing Franz Zotlöterer Zweitbegutacher/in:FH Lektor. Dipl.-Ing Stefan Lainer [Wien, 09.09.2019] I Ehrenwörtliche Erklärung Ich versichere, dass - ich diese Arbeit selbständig verfasst, andere als die angegebenen Quellen und Hilfsmittel nicht benutzt und mich auch sonst keiner unerlaubten Hilfe bedient habe. - ich dieses Thema bisher weder im Inland noch im Ausland einem Begutachter/einer Begutachterin zur Beurteilung oder in irgendeiner Form als Prüfungsarbeit vorgelegt habe. Diese Arbeit stimmt mit der vom Begutachter bzw. der Begutachterin beurteilten Arbeit überein. .................................................. ................................................ Ort, Datum Unterschrift II Kurzfassung Die Wissenschaft der objektbasierten Tonherstellung befasst sich mit einer neuen Art der Übermittlung von räumlichen Informationen, die sich von kanalbasierten Systemen wegbewegen, hin zu einem Ansatz, der Ton unabhängig von dem Gerät verarbeitet, auf dem es gerendert wird. Diese objektbasierten Systeme behandeln Tonelemente als Objekte, die mit Metadaten verknüpft sind, welche ihr Verhalten beschreiben. Bisher wurde diese Forschungen vorwiegend -
A Forensic Database for Digital Audio, Video, and Image Media
THE “DENVER MULTIMEDIA DATABASE”: A FORENSIC DATABASE FOR DIGITAL AUDIO, VIDEO, AND IMAGE MEDIA by CRAIG ANDREW JANSON B.A., University of Richmond, 1997 A thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Colorado Denver in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Recording Arts Program 2019 This thesis for the Master of Science degree by Craig Andrew Janson has been approved for the Recording Arts Program by Catalin Grigoras, Chair Jeff M. Smith Cole Whitecotton Date: May 18, 2019 ii Janson, Craig Andrew (M.S., Recording Arts Program) The “Denver Multimedia Database”: A Forensic Database for Digital Audio, Video, and Image Media Thesis directed by Associate Professor Catalin Grigoras ABSTRACT To date, there have been multiple databases developed for use in many forensic disciplines. There are very large and well-known databases like CODIS (DNA), IAFIS (fingerprints), and IBIS (ballistics). There are databases for paint, shoeprint, glass, and even ink; all of which catalog and maintain information on all the variations of their specific subject matter. Somewhat recently there was introduced the “Dresden Image Database” which is designed to provide a digital image database for forensic study and contains images that are generic in nature, royalty free, and created specifically for this database. However, a central repository is needed for the collection and study of digital audios, videos, and images. This kind of database would permit researchers, students, and investigators to explore the data from various media and various sources, compare an unknown with knowns with the possibility of discovering the likely source of the unknown. -
Ardour Export Redesign
Ardour Export Redesign Thorsten Wilms [email protected] Revision 2 2007-07-17 Table of Contents 1 Introduction 4 4.5 Endianness 8 2 Insights From a Survey 4 4.6 Channel Count 8 2.1 Export When? 4 4.7 Mapping Channels 8 2.2 Channel Count 4 4.8 CD Marker Files 9 2.3 Requested File Types 5 4.9 Trimming 9 2.4 Sample Formats and Rates in Use 5 4.10 Filename Conflicts 9 2.5 Wish List 5 4.11 Peaks 10 2.5.1 More than one format at once 5 4.12 Blocking JACK 10 2.5.2 Files per Track / Bus 5 4.13 Does it have to be a dialog? 10 2.5.3 Optionally store timestamps 5 5 Track Export 11 2.6 General Problems 6 6 MIDI 12 3 Feature Requests 6 7 Steps After Exporting 12 3.1 Multichannel 6 7.1 Normalize 12 3.2 Individual Files 6 7.2 Trim silence 13 3.3 Realtime Export 6 7.3 Encode 13 3.4 Range ad File Export History 7 7.4 Tag 13 3.5 Running a Script 7 7.5 Upload 13 3.6 Export Markers as Text 7 7.6 Burn CD / DVD 13 4 The Current Dialog 7 7.7 Backup / Archiving 14 4.1 Time Span Selection 7 7.8 Authoring 14 4.2 Ranges 7 8 Container Formats 14 4.3 File vs Directory Selection 8 8.1 libsndfile, currently offered for Export 14 4.4 Container Types 8 8.2 libsndfile, also interesting 14 8.3 libsndfile, rather exotic 15 12 Specification 18 8.4 Interesting 15 12.1 Core 18 8.4.1 BWF – Broadcast Wave Format 15 12.2 Layout 18 8.4.2 Matroska 15 12.3 Presets 18 8.5 Problematic 15 12.4 Speed 18 8.6 Not of further interest 15 12.5 Time span 19 8.7 Check (Todo) 15 12.6 CD Marker Files 19 9 Encodings 16 12.7 Mapping 19 9.1 Libsndfile supported 16 12.8 Processing 19 9.2 Interesting 16 12.9 Container and Encodings 19 9.3 Problematic 16 12.10 Target Folder 20 9.4 Not of further interest 16 12.11 Filenames 20 10 Container / Encoding Combinations 17 12.12 Multiplication 20 11 Elements 17 12.13 Left out 21 11.1 Input 17 13 Credits 21 11.2 Output 17 14 Todo 22 1 Introduction 4 1 Introduction 2 Insights From a Survey The basic purpose of Ardour's export functionality is I conducted a quick survey on the Linux Audio Users to create mixdowns of multitrack arrangements. -
Audio Coding for Digital Broadcasting
Recommendation ITU-R BS.1196-7 (01/2019) Audio coding for digital broadcasting BS Series Broadcasting service (sound) ii Rec. ITU-R BS.1196-7 Foreword The role of the Radiocommunication Sector is to ensure the rational, equitable, efficient and economical use of the radio- frequency spectrum by all radiocommunication services, including satellite services, and carry out studies without limit of frequency range on the basis of which Recommendations are adopted. The regulatory and policy functions of the Radiocommunication Sector are performed by World and Regional Radiocommunication Conferences and Radiocommunication Assemblies supported by Study Groups. Policy on Intellectual Property Right (IPR) ITU-R policy on IPR is described in the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC referenced in Resolution ITU-R 1. Forms to be used for the submission of patent statements and licensing declarations by patent holders are available from http://www.itu.int/ITU-R/go/patents/en where the Guidelines for Implementation of the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC and the ITU-R patent information database can also be found. Series of ITU-R Recommendations (Also available online at http://www.itu.int/publ/R-REC/en) Series Title BO Satellite delivery BR Recording for production, archival and play-out; film for television BS Broadcasting service (sound) BT Broadcasting service (television) F Fixed service M Mobile, radiodetermination, amateur and related satellite services P Radiowave propagation RA Radio astronomy RS Remote sensing systems S Fixed-satellite service SA Space applications and meteorology SF Frequency sharing and coordination between fixed-satellite and fixed service systems SM Spectrum management SNG Satellite news gathering TF Time signals and frequency standards emissions V Vocabulary and related subjects Note: This ITU-R Recommendation was approved in English under the procedure detailed in Resolution ITU-R 1. -
Lossless Audio Coding Using Adaptive Linear Prediction
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by ScholarBank@NUS LOSSLESS AUDIO CODING USING ADAPTIVE LINEAR PREDICTION SU XIN RONG (B.Eng., SJTU, PRC) A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE 2005 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, I would like to take this opportunity to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisor Dr. Huang Dong Yan from Institute for Infocomm Research for her continuous guidance and help, without which this thesis would not have been possible. I would also like to specially thank my supervisor Assistant Professor Nallanathan Arumugam from NUS for his continuous support and help. Finally, I would like to thank all the people who might help me during the project. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .............................................................................................. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................. iii SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................vi LIST OF TABLES .......................................................................................................... viii LIST OF FIGURES ...........................................................................................................ix CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................... -
Error Correction Capacity of Unary Coding
Error Correction Capacity of Unary Coding Pushpa Sree Potluri1 Abstract Unary coding has found applications in data compression, neural network training, and in explaining the production mechanism of birdsong. Unary coding is redundant; therefore it should have inherent error correction capacity. An expression for the error correction capability of unary coding for the correction of single errors has been derived in this paper. 1. Introduction The unary number system is the base-1 system. It is the simplest number system to represent natural numbers. The unary code of a number n is represented by n ones followed by a zero or by n zero bits followed by 1 bit [1]. Unary codes have found applications in data compression [2],[3], neural network training [4]-[11], and biology in the study of avian birdsong production [12]-14]. One can also claim that the additivity of physics is somewhat like the tallying of unary coding [15],[16]. Unary coding has also been seen as the precursor to the development of number systems [17]. Some representations of unary number system use n-1 ones followed by a zero or with the corresponding number of zeroes followed by a one. Here we use the mapping of the left column of Table 1. Table 1. An example of the unary code N Unary code Alternative code 0 0 0 1 10 01 2 110 001 3 1110 0001 4 11110 00001 5 111110 000001 6 1111110 0000001 7 11111110 00000001 8 111111110 000000001 9 1111111110 0000000001 10 11111111110 00000000001 The unary number system may also be seen as a space coding of numerical information where the location determines the value of the number. -
Preview - Click Here to Buy the Full Publication
This is a preview - click here to buy the full publication IEC 62481-2 ® Edition 2.0 2013-09 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD colour inside Digital living network alliance (DLNA) home networked device interoperability guidelines – Part 2: DLNA media formats INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION PRICE CODE XH ICS 35.100.05; 35.110; 33.160 ISBN 978-2-8322-0937-0 Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor. ® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission This is a preview - click here to buy the full publication – 2 – 62481-2 © IEC:2013(E) CONTENTS FOREWORD ......................................................................................................................... 20 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 22 1 Scope ............................................................................................................................. 23 2 Normative references ..................................................................................................... 23 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms ....................................................................... 30 3.1 Terms and definitions ............................................................................................ 30 3.2 Abbreviated terms ................................................................................................. 34 3.4 Conventions ......................................................................................................... -
Codifica Audio Lossless
UNIVERSITA` DEGLI STUDI DI PADOVA DIPARTIMENTO DI INGEGNERIA DELL’INFORMAZIONE Tesi di Laurea in INGEGNERIA DELL’INFORMAZIONE Codifica audio lossless Relatore Candidato Prof. Giancarlo Calvagno Mattia Bonomo Anno Accademico 2009/2010 UNIVERSITA` DEGLI STUDI DI PADOVA DIPARTIMENTO DI INGEGNERIA DELL’INFORMAZIONE Tesi di Laurea in INGEGNERIA DELL’INFORMAZIONE Codifica audio lossless Relatore Candidato Prof. Giancarlo Calvagno Mattia Bonomo Anno Accademico 2009/2010 Ai miei nonni. Indice Ringraziamenti 7 1 Introduzione 9 2 Principi della compressione lossless 13 2.1 Blocking e Framing ......................... 14 2.2 Interchannel decorrelation ..................... 17 2.3 Intrachannel decorrelation ..................... 19 2.4 Entropy Coding ........................... 26 3 Comparativa codec lossless 33 3.1 Standard MPEG .......................... 34 4 MPEG-4ALS 35 4.1 Blocking ............................... 36 4.2 Accesso casuale ........................... 36 4.3 Predizione .............................. 37 4.3.1 Predizione LPC ....................... 37 4.3.2 RLS-LMS .......................... 37 4.3.3 Predizione a lungo termine (LTP) ............. 41 4.4 Codifica Entropica ......................... 41 5 MPEG4-SLS 43 5.1 IntMCDT .............................. 44 5.1.1 Finestramento ........................ 45 5.1.2 DCT-IV ........................... 45 5.1.3 Modellazione del rumore .................. 46 5.2 Error Mapping ........................... 46 5 5.3 Codifica Entropica ......................... 48 5.3.1 Codifica Bit-Plane ..................... 48 5.3.2 Codifica a bassa energia .................. 51 6 Analisi sulle prestazioni di MPEG4-ALS 53 6.1 MPEG4-ALS ............................ 53 7 Parte sperimentale 57 7.1 Descrizione del progetto ...................... 57 7.1.1 Divisione in blocchi .................... 58 7.1.2 Inter-channel coding .................... 58 7.1.3 Algoritmo MEQP ...................... 59 7.1.4 Codifica entropica ..................... 60 7.1.5 Multiplexing ........................ 60 7.2 Simulazioni ............................ -
The Standard for Lossless Audio Coding
한국음향학 회지 제 28권 제 7호 pp. 618-629 (2009) MPEG-4 ALS - The Standard for Lossless Audio Coding Tilman Liebchen* *LG Electronics, Berlin, Germany (접수일자 : 2009년 9월 2일 ; 채택일자 : 2009년 9월 15일 ) The MPEG-4 Audio Lossless Coding (ALS) standard belongs to the family MPEG-4 audio coding standards. In contrast to lossy codecs such as AAC, which merely strive to preserve the subjective audio quality, lossless coding preserves every sin이 e bit of the original audio data. The ALS core codec is based on forward-adaptive linear prediction, which combines remarkable compression with low complexity. Additional features include long-term prediction, multichannel coding, and compression of floating-point audio material. This paper describes the basic elements of the ALS codec with a focus on prediction, entropy coding, and related tools, and points out the most important applications of this standardized lossless audio format. Keywords: Audio Coding, Lossless, Compression, Linear Prediction, MPEG, Standard, ALS ASK subject classification* New Media (13) I. Introduction The first version of the MPEG4 ALS standard was published in 2006 [2], Since then, some corrigenda have Lossless audio coding enables the compression of been issued, and additional tools such as reference digital audio data without any loss in quality due to software [3] and conformance bitstreams [4] have a perfect (i.e. bit-identical) reconstruction of the been standardized and released. The latest description of MPEG4 ALS has been fully integrated into the 4th original signal. On the other hand, modem perceptual audio coding standards such as MP3 or AAC are always Edition of the MPEG4 audio standard [5], which was lossy, since they never fully preserve the original ultimately published in 2009. -
Downloads PC Christophe Fantoni Downloads PC Tous Les Fichiers
Downloads PC Christophe Fantoni Downloads PC Tous les fichiers DirectX 8.1 pour Windows 9X/Me Indispensable au bon fonctionnement de certain programme. Il vaut mieux que DirectX soit installé sur votre machine. Voici la version française destinée au Windows 95, 98 et Millenium. Existe aussi pour Windows NT et Windows 2000. http://www.christophefantoni.com/fichier_pc.php?id=46 DirectX 8.1 pour Windows NT/2000 Indispensable au bon fonctionnement de certain programme. Il vaut mieux que DirectX soit installé sur votre machine. Voici la version française destinée à Windows Nt et Windows 2000. Existe aussi pour Windows 95, 98 et Millenium. http://www.christophefantoni.com/fichier_pc.php?id=47 Aspi Check Permet de connaitre la présence d'unc couche ASPI ainsi que le numéro de version de cette couche éventuellement présente sur votre système. Indispensable. http://www.christophefantoni.com/fichier_pc.php?id=49 Aspi 4.60 Ce logiciel freeware permet d'installer une couche ASPI (la 4.60) sur votre système d'exploitation. Attention, en cas de problème d'installation de cette version originale, une autre version de cette couche logiciel est également présente sur le site. De plus, Windows XP possede sa propre version de cette couche Aspi, version que vous trouverez également en télécharegement sur le site. Absolument indispensable. http://www.christophefantoni.com/fichier_pc.php?id=50 DVD2AVI 1.76 Fr Voici la toute première version du meilleur serveur d'image existant sur PC. Version auto-installable, en français, livré avec son manuel, également en français. Le tout à été traduit ou rédigé par mes soins..