Participant’s Guide

Tennessee Department of Children’s Services| CHRP4567 | Ver. 18.11

Social Media and Cyber Safety Participant Guide CHRP4567

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Notes: ______

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GREEN ZONE APPS : Age 13 + Facebook is the Godfather of all social media apps (and the largest of all social media networks). Users on Facebook can share to the network from their desktop, tablet and/or mobile phone. Facebook makes their money by selling ads next to the feed (and in the feed) to let advertisers get in front of its users. Although Facebook has very robust privacy

controls, we tell every child that “everything you post online is going to eventually be public.” This is because networks like Facebook have been known to quickly change their privacy settings without telling people and sometimes secrets are shared. That being said, Josh Ochs believes Facebook is a great place to start a positive online footprint. It’s a great place for a student to have a public presence (since will find a Facebook profile and place it above other results at times). This information is often visible for college admissions officers and future employers when they search for them. (Owned by Facebook): Age 13+ Instagram is a free photo (and video) sharing application that allows users to take photos (and one-minute videos), apply a filter, and share it on the app. Instagram became very popular, and so Facebook bought them. Parents should know that Instagram also has private messaging feature which some students can use instead of texting. Instagram has also added some “disposable” features to try and copy . Instagram can potentially be great if it is used in a positive for showcasing one’s accomplishments. Students can post from a mobile device (but not a desktop). That’s because Instagram is designed to be used on a mobile phone (but can be discovered by Google). Josh Ochs. Special note: Some students have a “fake Instagram” account, called a Finstagram.

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Pinterest: Age 13+ is a visual discovery tool that helps users find and save ideas. It’s a great source of inspiration for students. They can use Pinterest to find studying tips, DIYs and more. Kids can have fun on Pinterest but know there can be some adult content on the network, so parents should be close by to observe activity. Watch our Pinterest video.

Twitter: Age 13+ allows you to send messages with up to 280 characters in length (and include photos and videos). Twitter is a place where students feel they can their feelings, not realizing their Tweets are tied to their identity and able to be seen by colleges and employers. When a student is ready to be online, we suggest they consider Twitter but

share very positive and constructive content on the network. They should leave negative talk to texting and phone calls. YouTube: Age 13+ YouTube (owned by Google) is the world’s second largest search engine (their parent company is the largest search engine, Google). Statistics (from Josh Ochs‘speeches) show that YouTube is used by more students than almost any other network. You don’t have to login or register to see the benefits of YouTube. Parents should know that if your student is

under 13 years of age they should be present when their kids are watching videos on YouTube, since some content can be worse than late night HBO. Positive videos can turn a student’s Google results into a three dimensional versions of their college resume. YouTube also has a multitude of educational videos you can learn from. Amazon Rapids: Age 4+ Amazon Rapids is a reading app for children ages 5 – 12 that is associated with a Parent’s Amazon account. This service is designed to make reading fun, boost reading confidence, and encourage creativity. Parents can utilize Amazon Rapids to start a dialog with their children.

Facebook Messenger: Age 13+ (owned by Facebook) allows you to chat with anyone on Facebook. To initiate a conversation with users you usually need to add them to your Facebook friend list (otherwise the message might end up in their “filtered messages” list. We suggest for parents to add their students on Facebook and to monitor who they are adding as friends.

Facebook Messenger is tied to a Facebook account, which is tied to a student’s real identity, reducing the amount of bullying and anonymous messaging. Found at: https://smartsocial.com/app-guide-parents-teachers/

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GRAY ZONE APPS Snapchat: Age 13+ Snapchat promises your kids they can take a photo/video, send it to a friend and the content will only be viewed once and then will disappear. We as adults know that’s not true, but students feel ok sharing very personal moments on Snapchat as they begin to trust people. Snapchat also has a “story” feature that lets users share some videos/posts for 24 hours on their feed. Snapchat is quickly growing and is one of the more valuable social media startups we have seen. It’s not going away anytime soon. Parents should add their students on the app and occasionally view their content. Facebook : Age 6+ Facebook Messenger Kids is a video chat and messaging app that’s built for kids and designed to give parents more control. Whenever kids receive a friend request, that request is sent to their parents to either approve or deny. Messages can’t be hidden and don’t disappear (so parents can easily monitor their student’s messaging activity). Between the parental controls and all of the camera features being kid-friendly, Messenger Kids can be a starting point for a student’s first social media account. Minecraft: Age 7+ Minecraft is the best-selling PC game of all time. While Minecraft may be used for educational purposes, players can encounter bullying, inappropriate content and even viruses when playing this game.

Periscope: Age 13+ is a live video app that was bought by Twitter. It allows users to watch and broadcast real time videos from their phones. It’s easy to find your kids on Periscope if you know their Twitter usernames. Most of the content on this app is unmonitored and your students can watch live videos from all over the world.

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WhatsApp Messenger: Age 16+ WhatsApp is a mobile messenger that allows students to use wifi to bypass their SMS/Text messaging feature and directly message other users on the app. This app is owned by Facebook. It is very popular with people who have international friends/family. Users can share their location and contacts with other users. WhatsApp allows kids to communicate with their friends using the app and bypass text messaging. Fortnite: Battle Royale: Age 12+ Fortnite is a very popular game that was released in 2017. There are 2 different versions of the game; Fortnite: Save the World and Fortnite: Battle Royale. Fortnite: Battle Royale is the version that is really popular with students. Fortnite is designed to keep players coming back which can be difficult for teens and tweens who haven’t yet developed a healthy relationship with screen time. Also, students can come across profanity or inappropriate language from other players through text or voice chatting. App (Owned by Facebook): Age 12+ TBH stands for “to be honest”, and the tbh app is a social networking platform where users anonymously answer questions/polls about their classmates. Even though the questions/polls are approved by the developers, tbh can still promote bullying and make it easier for students to become a target.

Notes: ______

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RED ZONE APPS Ask.fm: Age 13+ Ask.fm is one of the godfathers of cyber bullying apps (as it has been around for quite some time). It encourages students to set up a public profile and allow anonymous people to ask them questions. This encourages bullying and can really hurt the student’s feelings. Kids often reveal too much personal information on this site, and is very prevalent.

Bumble: Age 17+ Similar to , Bumble is a mobile dating app. However, on the Bumble app women must be the first to make contact. Tweens and teens have been known to lie about their age and create fake accounts on apps like Bumble. Also, Bumble makes it easy for predators to target victims.

Calculator% Private Photo: Age 4+ The “Private Photo (Calculator%)” app is designed to help students hide photos and videos behind an innocent looking calculator app. This application looks like a calculator but entering a passcode opens a private area.

Finstagram App: Age 13+ Finstagram (Finsta) is a fake (or second) Instagram account. Students get a second Instagram account along with their real (Rinstagrams), to post silly pictures or videos (without their parents knowing about the second account).

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GroupMe: Age 13+ GroupMe is a messaging app where users can send group or private messages from their computer or phone using Wi-Fi. Since activity from the GroupMe app doesn’t show up on their parents’ phone bill, some students use the app to hide their messaging activity. There is no way to moderate or filter that content.

Kik Messenger: Age 17+ Kik allows anyone on the app to contact your child and directly message them. It has been known to allow adults to communicate with preteens, and is very difficult to discern who is a predator and who is real. Some adults have been known to use this app to pretend like they are tweens and teens. Kik allows students to bypass text messaging features of their phone.

Whisper: Age 17+ is an anonymous that allows people to “express themselves.” (Anytime an app encourages students to “express themselves” to strangers, please be very careful). Whisper reveals a user’s location, which makes it easy for people to arrange to meet up. This also makes it easier for predators to locate and connect with users.

Notes: ______

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Notes: ______

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 Peer pressure: Teenagers thrive on wanting to feel a sense of belonging. They may resort to doing or saying things that they would not do in person in order to feel ‘cool’ or ‘popular’.

 Low Self-Esteem: This may be caused by cyberbullying, feeling ‘left out’, and the comparison of false body/beauty expectations (more common in girls).

 Depression: This may also be caused by feeling ‘left out’ while seeing others post things on social media that do not include them.

 Anxiety: This can stem from feeling like they are constantly missing something if they are not online.

 Sleep problems: Many teenagers do not want to turn their phones sound off at night due to feeling like they will miss something.

 Eating disorders: Eating disorders stem from the false body/beauty expectations that are widespread throughout social media. These may be caused by the altering of images through the use of Photoshop to make an individual thinner, blemish-free, etc. (more common in girls)

 Suicide risk: This risk is mainly linked to cyberbullying and the other mental health issues that may be caused by increased social media use.

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 No Underage Facebooking! First, know the age limits associated with the apps and stick to it. Do not give into the pressure of a child wanting to join before the site allows it.

 Check Privacy Settings! Check that your privacy settings for the Internet and Facebook are set to the strictest levels. Depending on which browser you are using, you can adjust the settings directly from the options tab and adjust levels around cookies, third party sites and more. This not only protects the computer user, but also protects the computer from the threat of viruses. Checking your Facebook privacy settings is easy as well.

 Use Filtering Software! There are software suites you can purchase to monitor your child’s Internet usage; many even enable you to view the exact keys that were typed, time spent online, and all computer activity in general. Popular programs such as Net Nanny and PureSight PC let you monitor social media sites, block chats, filter content and much more. You can even monitor your child’s cell phone with a software program like My Mobile Watchdog.

 Create Ground Rules! If your kids are old enough to be using the computer on their own, they are old enough to understand that there are rules they need to abide by. Breaking them should not have a lesser consequence than if they break a rule in the offline world. The best way for families to agree on ground rules is to create a contract that all parties must sign. There is a contract located in your participant guide.

 Keep the Computer in a Central Location! It’s much easier to keep tabs on any online activity when the computer is located in a high-traffic zone than if your child is using a computer in the privacy of her own room. Place the computer in a central location like your kitchen or family room so that everything is out in the open.

 Urge Your Kids to Avoid Questionnaires, Free Giveaways, and Contests! A pop-up ad appears and tells kids they can win a free iPad by simply clicking the link. Anyone would be tempted by this kind of offer, but kids are particularly susceptible, so it’s important to warn kids against falling for this kind of Internet trick. Many of these ruses are attempts to glean personal information. Inform kids that even if they are forwarded a fun questionnaire from a friend, it’s best to close the window and not participate.

 Monitor the Pictures Your Child Posts Online! In an ideal world, your child would never post a photo of themselves online, but that might not be entirely realistic. If they want to share photos with their friends via email or a social networking site, be sure

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you know exactly which pictures are being posted. Make sure the content of the photo is completely innocuous and that no identifiable locales in the background are noticeable.

 Be a Good Example of How to Use Social Media! If you are tweeting and updating your Facebook page at a stop light and taking every opportunity to “just check something,” you’re setting a poor precedent for social media usage that your child will surely follow. Always remember to ask yourself if you’re setting a good example.

 Limit Cell Phone Use! Just as you would limit use of a computer, TV, or gaming system, you can do the same with a cell phone. Set rules for the device, only allowing cell phone usage at certain hours in the evening or after homework has been completed. If you have teens of driving age, the most important rule to enforce is that under no circumstances should cell phones ever be used while driving. Phones should be kept off so incoming text sounds aren’t a distraction.

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Notes: ______

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Three Categories of Cyberbullying:

 Cyberbullying Victim: There are signs that a child might be a victim of cyberbullying. They may stop using the computer or cell phone, or act nervous when receiving an email, Instant Message (IM) or a text. They may seem uneasy about going to school or withdraw from friends or family. Parents can: Supervise computer use and talk to your child about creating safety while online. If there is cyberbullying present, assist the child in taking steps to eliminate the bullying and report it to their caseworker.  Cyberbully: They may exhibit some subtle behaviors while using a computer or smartphone. They may quickly switch screens or close programs when you walk by. They often use computers at all hours of the night and day, and will usually get upset when they cannot use the computer. A cyberbully may laugh excessively while online, avoids discussions about what they are doing and use multiple online accounts. Parents can: Establish expectations for online behavior such as discussing the

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dangers of negative posts about others. Set consequences for cyberbullying, and good online behavior.  Cyberbullying Bystander: Many of the behaviors of the bystander are much like that of the bully. They may laugh with friends about comments written about another person, or pass information on to others about the comments made online. Parents can: Talk to your child about NOT being a bystander. Establish expectations for reporting cyberbullying when they hear about it happening. Encourage them to stand up for the victim and help them report the cyberbullying.

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Notes: ______

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Cyberbullying by the Numbers

 25 percent of teenagers report that they have experienced repeated bullying via their cell phone or on the internet.

 Over half (52 percent) of young people report being cyber bullied.

 Embarrassing or damaging photographs taken without the knowledge or consent of the subject has been reported by 11 percent of adolescents and teens.

 Of the young people who reported cyber bullying incidents against them, one-third (33 percent) of them reported that their bullies issued online threats.

 Often, both bullies and cyber-bullies turn to hate speech to victimize their target. One- tenth of all middle school and high school students have been on the receiving end of ‘hate terms’ hurled against them.

 Over half (55 percent) of all teens who use social media have witnessed outright bullying via that medium.

 An astounding 95 percent of teens who witnessed bullying on social media report that others, like them, have ignored the behavior.

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 More than half of young people surveyed say that they never confide in their parents when cyber bullying happens to them.

 More than 80 percent of teens regularly use cell phones, making them the most popular form of technology and therefore a common medium for cyber-bullying.

 The most common types of cyber-bullying tactics reported are mean, hurtful comments as well as the spreading of rumors.

 Cyber-bullying affects all races.

 Victims of cyber-bullying are more likely to suffer from low self-esteem and to consider suicide as a result.

Notes: ______

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 Initiate a conversation with your child: As we saw in the statistics, bullying can be difficult for your child to talk about with their parents for various reasons. It can be embarrassing to admit you are being bullied or afraid of the bully finding out they told someone. They may mistake the bullying behavior as harmless or fear that their technology will be taken away. Reassure them it is fine for them to use the technology, but you want them to be safe.

 Tell your children they do not have to accept any online activity that is meant to intimidate, threaten, tease or harm them or anyone else: Giving a bully attention is exactly what they want, and foster children who are seeking normalcy in their lives may attach themselves to a bully because they are getting attention from them.

 Encourage your child to talk to you if anyone says or does something online that makes them feel uncomfortable: If you learn of a bullying situation with your child, remain calm and keep the lines of communication open. If you overreact, they may not share anything else with you that would help them to stay safe. If they are threatened at school, you should contact their school officials to let them know what is going on. If they are threatened with harm, contact your local police department.

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 Don’t say anything online you wouldn’t say to someone in person: We teach our children to be polite to others and treat them the way they would want to be treated. Remind them to always ask themselves if what they are typing onto the internet is something they would say to a person’s face. It is easy to make statements hidden behind a keyboard, and sometimes those statements can create issues for a child, so teach them how to use the internet wisely.

 Don’t reveal anything that you wouldn’t tell a stranger: Children often do not think about what can happen with the information that they are sharing online, but as we will see in Amanda Brown’s story, she had no idea she was speaking to an adult. We need to tell our child to never share information such as their email password, photos, or personal data such as what they look like, their phone number or address. A bully could use that information to harass the child. Pictures that include their home or school should be avoided since it can give details of their location.

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 Do not erase or delete messages from cyberbullies. Save everything – emails, messages, posts, and screenshots. Don’t delete until you have a copy. Print them out or save them on our computer or phone.

 Report cyberbullying. The more information that you save the easier it will be to track the bully down.

 Use software to block bullies. If your child encounters them through chatting or change the privacy settings on social networking pages and use software to block them.

 Reassure your child. Remind your child that those who bully want to make their victim feel as if there is something wrong with them, but the victim should know there is NOTHING wrong with them; it is the bully with the real problem!

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 Sexting is sending, receiving, or forwarding sexual photos or sexually suggestive messages through text message or email.

 While the term "Sext" has been around since about 2005, the idea of exchanging or recording sexual material is much older.

 Historically sexual material has been distributed by means of: drawings, photographs, and videos. Then along came the internet through which electronic devices and social media outlets have changed the game of sexual exchanges.

 These modern technology advances have made sexual exchanges much easier and more powerful than ever before. With a click of a button a picture can be distributed to many people instantaneously—and once it's out there, there's no going back.

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Notes: ______

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 Think about the CONSEQUENCES of taking, sending, or forwarding a sexual picture of someone else, even if it’s of you. You could get kicked off of sports teams, face humiliation, lose educational opportunities, and even face a police investigation.

 Never take images of yourself that you wouldn’t want everyone – your classmates, your teachers, your family, or your employer – to see.

 Before hitting send remember that you can’t control where this image may travel. What you send to a boyfriend or girlfriend could easily end up with their friends, their friends’ friends, and so on.

 If you forward a sexual picture of someone without their consent, you are violating their trust and exposing them to potential ridicule. It’s not up to you to decide who should see their body, so don’t forward the image to anyone.

 If anyone pressures you to send a sexual picture, don’t give in and talk to an adult you trust. Remember that anyone who tries to get you to do something you are uncomfortable with is probably not trustworthy.

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References

Abadi, tag">M. (2018). Regular people who went undercover at a high school found cell phones pose a bigger problem than adults can imagine. Retrieved from http://www.businessinsider.com/undercover-high-smartphones-2018-2

Burke, S. (2017). Tennessee Lawmakers Pass Bill Lessening Sexting Punishment. Retrieved from https://www.usnews.com/news/best-states/tennessee/articles/2017-05- 03/tennessee-lawmakers-pass-bill-lessening-sexting-punishment

CBC News. (2017). Aydin Coban sentenced in Dutch court to 10 years for online fraud, blackmail. Retrieved from http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/aydin- coban-sentenced-netherlands-online-fraud-blackmail-1.4027359

Culbert, L., & Hager, M. (2014). Dutch man charged in Amanda Todd online blackmail case. Retrieved from http://www.vancouversun.com/life/Dutch+c harged+Amanda+Todd+online+blackmail+case/9749151/story.html

Erase Child Trafficking. (2017). What Every Parent Needs to Know About Child Sex Trafficking. Retrieved from https://www.erasechildtrafficking.org/child-sex- trafficking/

Gamble, H. (2017). Social Media & Kidnapping. Retrieved from https://www.kidguard.com/prevent-child-abduction-kidnapping-and-missing- children/what-risks-do-children-face-today/social-media-and-kidnapping/

Pixel Privacy. (2017). How To Keep Your Children Safe Online: The Ultimate Guide for the non Techie Parent... Retrieved from https://pixelprivacy.com/resources/keep- children-safe-online/

Robinson, J., Bailey, E., & Byrne, S. (2017). Social media can be bad for youth mental health, but there are ways it can help. Retrieved from https://theconversation.com/social-media-can-be-bad-for-youth-mental-health-but- there-are-ways-it-can-help-87613

Stop Child Abuse Now: Virginia. (n.d). Sexting: What parents need to know. Retrieved from https://www.scanva.org/support-for-parents/parent-resource-center-2/sexting- what-parents-need-to-know/

Statista. (2017). Length of time that teen internet users in the United States think they could go without their smartphone as of May 2017, by gender. Retrieved from

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https://www.statista.com/statistics/745439/us-teen-internet-users-length-of-time- without-smartphone-use/

Statista. (2017). Most popular social networks of teenagers in the United States from fall 2012 to fall 2017. Retrieved from https://www.statista.com/statistics/250172/social- network-usage-of-us-teens-and-young-adults/

Statistic Brain Research Institute. (2017). Sexting Statistics. Retrieved from https://www.statisticbrain.com/sexting-statistics/ Teens Against Bullying. Retrieved from https://www.pacerteensagainstbullying.org/experiencing-bullying/cyber-bullying/ Third Parent. (2016). Teen Sexting Statistics. Retrieved from http://blog.thirdparent.com/teen-sexting-statistics/

Yehoda, R. (2018). What is Sextortion? The Crime and Its Impact. Retrieved from https://www.mcasa.org/newsletters/article/what-is-sextortion-the-crime-and-its- impact https://www.criminaldefenselawyer.com/crime-penalties/juvenile/sexting.htm

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