DOCSLIB.ORG

China's Intellectual Property System in the Process of Catch-Up -With

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
China's Intellectual Property System in the Process of Catch-Up -With China’s Intellectual Property System in the Process of Catch-up -with Patent in Focus Yajie Zhao Academic Dissertation To be presented, with the permission of the Faculty of Law of the University of Helsinki, for public examination in Hall III of Porthania (Yliopistonkatu 3, Helsinki) on Friday, 23 March 2018 at 12 noon. Supervisors & Advisor Professor Niklas Bruun, University of Helsinki Professor Rainer Oesch, University of Helsinki Professor Matti Mikkola, University of Helsinki Preliminary Examiners Professor Mingde Li, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Docent Max Oker-Blom, Hanken School of Economics Opponent Professor Mingde Li, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Custos Professor, Dean Pia Letto-Vanamo, University of Helsinki Copyright © Yajie Zhao 2018 ISBN 978-951-51-4101-9 (Paperback) ISBN 978-951-51-4102-6 (PDF) Printed by Unigrafia Helsinki 2018 ƖûÔġ~ŭȔx °Ȍ One would rather warm a cold bench for one decade than write articles with emptiness. "%# + $ ! # $!#%! #!& % !! $$ ! %%&#!"#%())))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))++ <4(!)(!'*!&%&* &%*$'&((/ !%)!%% %&#&//)*$2% %*##*+#(&'(*//)*$4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444<< =4)( &+()4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444=B =4<&+()&%1&#!!)% 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444=B =4=&+()&* /)*$44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444>@ =4>* ( $'&(*%*)&+()&% !%*+!)44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444>B =4>4< !%)&,(%$%*7)+%()*%!%)&+* !%2* 2% )/)*$444444444444>B =4>4= &%'*&6* 5+'7%&* ()+''&(*!,#!*(*+()44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444?= >4)( +)*!&%)444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444?A ?4* &&#&/3&$!%*!&%&6((*!,''(& 726 -!%&%*.*72%6 !)*&(!# ()'*!,744444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444?C ?4<&'*!%6((*!,''(& !% !%) *+!)744444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444?C ?4= ##+)*(*!&%&* +)*!!*!&%)&%''#/!%* (!*!&%# #&*(!%# ''(& 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444@; ?4> ##+)*(*!&%&* +)*!!*!&%)&%''#/!%6 - %&%*.*726&$'(*!,*&(7 %6 !)*&(!#()'*!,7)* &&#&/444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444@< ?4?*+()&* * &&#&!#''(& 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444@B @4!)!#&!#(%)&($*!&%5 %!%**!*+*&-(&%+!%!)$!%* (&))&* +#& -!%&(% !%444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444@D @4<<C?;<D<<3%(&%/6!()*!$)744444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444A< @4=<D<<5<D?D3 &)444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444AB @4><D?D5<DBC3 )*#!) $%*&-+* &(!*/444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444B; "%#,* '!&%! ))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))0/ <4&(<D?D444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444BA =4<D?D5<DBC444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444BB >4*(<DBC444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444CA >4< !()* )1&#!!)%*%* -<DC?444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444CA >4= &% )1&#!!)%*%* -9!()*$%$%*<DD=:4444444444444444444DC ?41&#!!)%*%* -!%* =<)*%*+(/4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444<;B @4&%#+)!&%444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444<=< "%#- !# % $$ ))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))+-+ <4 %*(&+*!&%44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444<>< =4 +#5%&($%*/)*$4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444<>D =4<,#&'$%*)!* !%* !%)&+(*/)*$44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444<>D =4= $!%!)*(*!,%&($%*/)*$44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444<?? =4> #*!&%) !'*-%* $!%!)*(*!,1 +!!#%&($%*44444444444444444444444<?B >4 6 (5 %5%7&#44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444<?C ?4 %*##*+#(&'(*/&+(*!%!"!%2 % !%+%0 &+44444444444444444444444444444<@? @4 $'*)& &+(*)&%* 6+#5%&($%*/)*$744444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444<@A A4 !%) +)4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444<@D B4**!)*!*+!)&!"!% &+(*9=;<@5=;<A:4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444<A> C4&%#+)!&%444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444<AB "%#. % %$ # !# %)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))+0- <4 %*(&+*!&%44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444<B> <4< %)(*& %!#*&(3 %+)*(/)%,#+*!%.$'#444444444444444444444444<B> <4=(! %*(&+*!&%&* !%) %&*-( %+)*(/4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444<BD =4%.$'#&* !%'& !%5*%*,#&'$%*#*)!* !%* % &*-( %+)*(/44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444<C< >4 *%*(&**!&%)!% !%44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444<D< >4<#,%* -% 7)(*!)444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444<D< >4= +((%***+)& *%*)7%&($%*8&*-()%.$'#444444444444444444<DB ?4&%#+)!&%444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444=;= ?4< #&))&!&%#(&**!&%!)$44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444=;= ?4=&##*!%.'(!%)&% %&- &-*& $'#$%**%*)44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444=;C "%#/! &$! )))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))),+, <4 !$!**!&%)&* +((%*)( !%!%)4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444=<? =4!%#)(,*!&%)44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444=<@ =4<&' !)*!*#/)!%&,(%%-!* *(&%$!%!)*(*!, %*(,%*!&%&% ,#&'$%*444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444=<A =4= %%*!,,(##* 5'& !%) *&* #&#*%(&)&* +(%*% %,!*#+))444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444=<D =4>% %&($%*/)*$-!* !%) (*(!)*!)4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444==> =4?&(+(* ( $'(&,$%*&% (*!)!%+)!%))444444444444444444444444444444444444444444==B ))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))),-- I feel fortunate that I have been able to conduct research in the Faculty of Law, University of Helsinki, Finland. I am also grateful to have had such great supervisors, mentors, colleagues, friends, and family to support me through this time. This work could not have been possible without your support, which I treasure. I sincerely thank the following professors from University of Helsinki: Prof. Niklas Bruun; Prof. Rainer Oesch; and Prof. Matti Mikkola, who generously shared their wisdom of law, patiently provided their guidance and insight on my studies and considerably brightened my horizon of legal understandings. Their spirit of academic objectivity guided and shaped the path of my research. I wish to thank Prof. Kimmo Nuotio, Prof. Niklas Bruun, Prof. Pia Letto-Vanamo, and Prof. Ulla Liukkunen, their trust and hard work secured the financial base for my research. My appreciation goes to my respectful peers, Prof. Ditlev Tamm (University of Copenhagen), Prof. Li Yang (Sun Yat-sen University), LL.D Liu Ying (Chinese Academy of Sciences), LL.D Zhang Liguo (University of Helsinki), Mr. Li Tao (Max Plank Institute, University of Munich), Mr. He Kan (University of Munich), Mr. Daniël Jongsma (Hanken School of Economics), Ms. Heidi Härkönen (University of Lapland), Mr. Li Ya (Zhonglun Law Firm), Mr. Zhang Kangle (University of Helsinki), and many others. I wish to acknowledge our friendship and thank you all for the fruitful discussions and peer support. My thanks go to Prof. Li Mingde, Prof. Guan Yuying, Prof. Zhou Lin, LL.D
Load more

Recommended publications
  • PATENT LITIGATION in CHINA: CHALLENGING CONVENTIONAL WISDOM Renjun Bian†
    PATENT LITIGATION IN CHINA: CHALLENGING CONVENTIONAL WISDOM Renjun Bian† ABSTRACT The People’s Republic of China has become a world leader in both patent applications and patent litigation after the Chinese government enacted new policies to stimulate domestic innovation and patent activities. These major developments have made China an integral venue of international patent protection for inventors and entrepreneurs. However, due to the lack of judicial transparency before 2014, most people had virtually no access to Chinese patent litigation data and knew little about how Chinese courts adjudicated patent cases. Instead, outside observers were left with a variety of impressions and had to guess how the courts adjudicates these cases based on the plain texts of the Chinese Patent Law and the limited number of cases released by the press. However, starting January 1, 2014, China mandated public access to all judgments via a database called China Judgements Online (CJO), making empirical studies possible. This Article analyzes all publicly available final patent infringement cases decided by local People’s Courts in 2014. Surprisingly, findings in this Article contradict the long-standing beliefs held by many people about patent enforcement in China. One prominent example is that foreign patent holders were as likely as domestic patent holders to litigate and foreign patent holders received noticeably better results—specifically, higher win rates, injunction rates, and average damages. Another example is that plaintiffs won in 80.16% of all patent infringement cases and automatically got permanent injunctions in 90.25% of cases where courts found patent infringement. These new findings indicate that patent protection in China is stronger than once believed.
    [Show full text]
  • The Legitimacy of Extralegal Property: Global Perspectives and China’S Experience
    This is a repository copy of The Legitimacy of Extralegal Property: Global Perspectives and China’s Experience. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/103595/ Version: Accepted Version Article: Xu, T. orcid.org/0000-0003-1282-101X and Gong, W. (Accepted: 2016) The Legitimacy of Extralegal Property: Global Perspectives and China’s Experience. Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly. ISSN 0029-3105 Reuse Items deposited in White Rose Research Online are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved unless indicated otherwise. They may be downloaded and/or printed for private study, or other acts as permitted by national copyright laws. The publisher or other rights holders may allow further reproduction and re-use of the full text version. This is indicated by the licence information on the White Rose Research Online record for the item. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ The Legitimacy of Extralegal Property: Global Perspectives and China’s Experience Ting Xu and Wei Gong1 School of Law, University of Sheffield Abstract Binary thinking has been entrenched in property law, posing challenges to the protection of land tenure and land users who have no title to the land they cultivate. This paper critiques the state law centred approach to evaluating the legitimacy of property and defends extralegal property, as legitimate claims to land and related natural resources that are not against the law, but that are not recognised by the law as formal property rights.
    [Show full text]
  • Formality in Real Property Sale Contracts in Modern China with a Common Law Perspective
    Formality in Real Property Sale Contracts in Modern China with a Common Law Perspective Wei WEN A thesis in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Faculty of Law September 2014 PLEASE TYPE THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES Thesis/Dissertation Sheet Surname or Family name: WEN First name: Wei Other name/s: Abbreviation for degree as given in the University calendar: PhD School: School of Law Faculty: Faculty of Law Title: Formality in Real Property Sale Contracts in Modern China with a Common Law Perspective Abstract 350 words maximum: (PLEASE TYPE) This thesis outlines the Chinese laws, judicial interpretations, scholarly views and government policies relating to contractual formality for land sale contracts in their historical and modem settings. The thesis also employs a comparative methodology to critically evaluate the Statute ofFrauds literature in some selected Common Law jurisdictions such as the United States, Australia and England. This investigation includes English legal history, the development of the Statute ofFrauds legislation, associated scholarly views and judicial interpretations. These positions and arguments are compared and contrasted with their counterpart in mainland China and other Civil Law jurisdictions such as Germany and Taiwan, including Chinese legal history, the principle of freedom of contract and the Chinese version of Healing Theory. The most important original contribution is the examination and integration of the functions of formality (particularly writing) in both Sino-Civilian (mainland China, Germany and Taiwan) and Anglo-American literature which forms the theoretical framework of the thesis. Formality is also examined against the theory of freedom of contract in mainland China.
    [Show full text]
  • China Investment Report
    CHINA INVESTMENT REPORT Energy Charter Secretariat 2017 DISCLAIMER Information contained in this work has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable. However, the authors do not guarantee the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein, and the authors shall not be responsible for any losses or damages arising from the use of this information or from any errors or omissions therein. This work is published with the understanding that the authors are supplying the information, but are not attempting to render legal or other professional services. The contents of this work are the authors’ sole responsibility. They do not necessarily represent the views of the Energy Charter Secretariat or any members of the Energy Charter Treaty. © Energy Charter Secretariat, 2017 Boulevard de la Woluwe, 46 B-1200 Brussels, Belgium ISBN 978-905948-197-8 Reproduction of this work, save where otherwise stated, is authorised, provided the source is acknowledged. All rights otherwise reserved. China Investment Report 2017 FOREWORD After much engagement and retaining the status of “Observer by invitation” for more than a decade, China formally took the significant step of upgrading its status within the Energy Charter Process by signing the International Energy Charter in The Hague in 2015. The Energy Charter and China have a long-standing history of cooperation, which has been recently underpinned by establishing the International Energy Charter-China Electricity Council Joint Research Centre in Beijing. China is a pivotal country in the global energy sector. The country is not only a major producer of fossil fuels, but also the world’s largest importer of fossil fuels.
    [Show full text]
  • Adequacy and Scope for Improvement
    Bangor University DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Technology transfer in the context of competition Law in the Modern Chinese Market: Adequacy and scope for improvement Lin, Xu Award date: 2017 Awarding institution: Bangor University Link to publication General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 04. Oct. 2021 Bangor University TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER IN THE CONTEXT OF COMPETITION LAW IN THE MODERN CHINESE MARKET: ADEQUACY AND SCOPE FOR IMPROVEMENT Xu Lin Thesis submitted to Bangor University for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy June 2017 I TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER IN THE CONTEXT OF COMPETITION LAW IN THE MODERN CHINESE MARKET: ADEQUACY AND SCOPE FOR IMPROVEMENT ___________________________________________________________________ II Abstract ABSTRACT Technology transfer is crucial for China to gain advanced technology so as to facilitate its economy’s growth, as well as to improve its enterprise’s competitiveness. However, anti-competitive restrictions imposed on technology transfers not only severely restrict or eliminate the competition but also limit the technological advancement of China.
    [Show full text]
  • Bibliography
    Bibliography Books and Chapters in Books Alford, W. P. (1995). To steal a book is an elegant offense: IP law in Chinese Civilization. Stanford University Press. Ashton, T. S. (1948). The industrial revolution 1760–1830. Oxford University Press. Berthrong, J., & Berthrong, E. (2000). Confucianism—A short introduction. One World Publication. Chisum, D. S., Ochoa, T. T., Ghosh, S., & LaFrance, M. (2011). Understanding IP law.LexisNexis. Corne, P. H. (1977). Foreign investment in China—The administrative legal system. Hong Kong University Press. Darwin, C. (1859). Chapter III. Struggle for existence. On the origin of species by the means of natural selection. W.Clowes & Sons. Division of Legislation of CNIPA. (2001). Guide to the newly amended patent law. Chinese IP Publishing House. Division of Legislation of CNIPA. (2009). The guidelines of the third amendment of Chinese patent law. Chinese IP Publishing House. Division of Legislation of CNIPA. (2003). Guide to the newly amended patent law. Chinese IP Publishing House. Dutton, H. I. (1984). The patent system and inventive activity during the industrial revolution 1750–1852. Manchester University Press. Evrigenis, J. D. (2007). Fear of enemies and collective actions. Cambridge University Press. Florida, R. (2002). The rise of the creative group—And how it’s transforming work, leisure, community and everyday life. Basic Books. Glendon, M. A., Gordon, M. W., & Carozza, P. G. (1999). Comparative legal tradition.West Academic. Grubb, P. W. (2004). Patent for chemicals, pharmaceuticals and biotechnology—Fundamentals of global law, practice and strategy. Oxford University Press. Gruner, R. S., Ghosh, S., & Kesan, J. P. (2012). Transactional IP: From start-ups to public companies.LexisNexis.
    [Show full text]
  • Social Obligations of Land Rights on Chinese Collective-Owned Land
    Journal of Civil Law Studies Volume 10 Number 1 Article 6 12-31-2017 Social Obligations of Land Rights on Chinese Collective-Owned Land Zhe Huang Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.lsu.edu/jcls Part of the Civil Law Commons Repository Citation Zhe Huang, Social Obligations of Land Rights on Chinese Collective-Owned Land, 10 J. Civ. L. Stud. (2017) Available at: https://digitalcommons.law.lsu.edu/jcls/vol10/iss1/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Reviews and Journals at LSU Law Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Civil Law Studies by an authorized editor of LSU Law Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SOCIAL OBLIGATIONS OF LAND RIGHTS ON CHINESE COLLECTIVE-OWNED LAND Zhe Huang∗ I. Introduction ............................................................................... 62 II. Historical Social Obligations on Collective-Owned Land ....... 65 A. Social Obligations on Collective-Owned Land from the 1950s to 1980s ..................................................................... 65 B. Analysis of the Peasants’ Social Obligations ....................... 69 III. Current Social Obligations on Rural Collectives .................... 71 A. The Identity of Rural Collectives Determines Their Limited Regulatory Roles .................................................................. 71 B. Current Social Obligations on Rural Collectives Are Subordinate to the State Government’s Authority ............... 77 1. Registration
    [Show full text]
  • Post-Grant Patent Invalidation in China and in the United States, Europe, and Japan: a Comparative Study
    Fordham Intellectual Property, Media and Entertainment Law Journal Volume 15 Volume XV Number 1 Volume XV Book 1 Article 5 2004 Post-Grant Patent Invalidation in China and in the United States, Europe, and Japan: A Comparative Study Haito Sun J.D. Candidate, Fordham University School of Law, 2006; Fish & Neave LLP, Patent Agent Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/iplj Part of the Entertainment, Arts, and Sports Law Commons, and the Intellectual Property Law Commons Recommended Citation Haito Sun, Post-Grant Patent Invalidation in China and in the United States, Europe, and Japan: A Comparative Study, 15 Fordham Intell. Prop. Media & Ent. L.J. 273 (2004). Available at: https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/iplj/vol15/iss1/5 This Note is brought to you for free and open access by FLASH: The Fordham Law Archive of Scholarship and History. It has been accepted for inclusion in Fordham Intellectual Property, Media and Entertainment Law Journal by an authorized editor of FLASH: The Fordham Law Archive of Scholarship and History. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SUN 1/25/2005 6:16 PM Post-Grant Patent Invalidation in China and in the United States, Europe, and Japan: A Comparative Study Haitao Sun∗ INTRODUCTION ............................................................................ 275 I. PATENT LAW DEVELOPMENT IN CHINA AFTER 1978 ........... 278 A. Brief History of IPR Legislation in China ................... 278 B. The Patent Law of China; Patentability Requirements ............................................................... 279 C. Channels for IPR Dispute Resolution in China........... 283 II. POST-GRANT PATENT INVALIDATION IN CHINA ................... 285 A. History of Patent Opposition/Invalidation Provisions in the Patent Law ........................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Chinese Small Property: the Co-Evolution of Law and Social Norms
    Abstract Chinese Small Property: The Co-Evolution of Law and Social Norms Shitong Qiao, 2015 This research investigates a market of informal real estate in China, referenced by the term “small property” (xiaochanquan), as their property rights are smaller/weaker than the big/formal property rights. In particular, I examine the formation and operation of this market, and how it interacts with the legal system and eventually leads to changes in the Chinese property law system. Three decades of Chinese land reform has resulted in a liberalized urban real estate market and an unreformed rural real estate sector characterized by inalienability. Nevertheless, according to the Chinese Ministry of Land and Resources, by 2007, Chinese farmers had built over 6.6 billion square meters of houses in evasion of the legal prohibition on rural land development and transfer, resulting in a huge small-property market. By way of comparison, in 2007, the total floor space of housing sold on the legal housing market was 0.76 billion square meters. In the city of Shenzhen, which experienced exponential population growth from 300,000 to over 10 million from 1978-2010 as the first experimental site of China's market reforms, almost half of the buildings are small-property constructions. These illegal buildings, without legal titles and concentrated in 320 intra-city villages, host most of the 8 million migrant workers in Shenzhen and are the main livelihood of the more than 300,000 local villagers. There has formed a huge impersonal small-property market that is supported by a network of institutional innovators, including local villagers and their co-ops, local government officials, real estate developers and brokers, lawyers, etc.
    [Show full text]
  • A Comparative Analysis of the Utility Model Patent Systems in Europe and China
    Creating a “model” utility model patent system A comparative analysis of the utility model patent systems in Europe and China WWW. IPKEY.ORG Creating a “model” utility model patent system: A comparative analysis of the utility model patent systems in Europe and China Dan Prud’homme December 2014 Abstract: Although it is difficult to create an optimal “model” of the exact types of every aspect of every country’s utility model patent system, this study illustrates that it is possible to create a useful legal, policy, and institutional framework based upon an understanding of the statutory, procedural, and institutional composition of utility model systems in Austria, China, the Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, and Italy; reasons behind the composition, including any revisions to, these systems; and usage of the systems. It also briefly discusses relevant experiences of Belgium and the Netherlands. Keywords: utility model patent systems, comparative analysis, Europe, China, substantive law, procedural law, institutions, patent quality, innovation ABOUT THIS STUDY, AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study is part of an ongoing activity on utility model patent (hereafter abbreviated as “utility model”) systems under the “IP Key” Project (short for “Intellectual Property: A Key to Sustainable Competiveness”) – a three-year project with multiple activities every year, running from 2013-2016. The project is funded by the European Commission and the Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market (OHIM), and implemented by OHIM with support from the European Patent Office (EPO). It serves as the vehicle for implementing the Administration Agreement on the New EU-China Cooperation on Intellectual Property signed in July 2013 between the European Union and the Government of the People’s Republic of China.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecfg-China-2021.Pdf
    About this Guide This guide is designed to prepare you to deploy to culturally complex environments and achieve mission objectives. The fundamental information contained within will help you understand the cultural dimension of your assigned location and gain skills necessary for success (Photo: The Golden China Lion Chinese Acrobats perform). China The guide consists of two parts: Part 1 “Culture C General” provides the ul foundational knowledge you need to operate effectively in any C global environment with a focus on East Asia. t ul u Part 2 “Culture Specific” describes unique cultural features of re Chinese society. It applies culture-general concepts to help t u increase your knowledge of your assigned deployment re location. This section is Guid meant to complement other pre-deployment Guid training (Photo: A Chinese dancer). e For more information, visit the Air Force e Culture and Language Center (AFCLC) website at https://www.airuniversity.af.edu/AFCLC/ or contact the AFCLC Region Team at [email protected]. Disclaimer: All text is the property of the AFCLC and may not be modified by a change in title, content, or labeling. It may be reproduced in its current format with the express permission of the AFCLC. All photography is provided as a courtesy of the US government, Wikimedia, and other sources as indicated. GENERAL CULTURE PART 1 – CULTURE GENERAL What is Culture? Fundamental to all aspects of human existence, culture shapes the way humans view life and functions as a tool we use to adapt to our social and physical environments. A culture is the sum of all of the beliefs, values, behaviors, and symbols that have meaning for a society.
    [Show full text]
  • The Recently Revised Marriage Law of China: the Promise and the Reality
    University of Pennsylvania Carey Law School Penn Law: Legal Scholarship Repository Faculty Scholarship at Penn Law 2004 The Recently Revised Marriage Law of China: The Promise and the Reality Charles J. Ogletree Jr. Harvard University Rangita de Silva de Alwis University of Pennsylvania Carey Law School Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/faculty_scholarship Part of the Asian Studies Commons, Chinese Studies Commons, Civil Rights and Discrimination Commons, Comparative and Foreign Law Commons, Courts Commons, Domestic and Intimate Partner Violence Commons, Family Law Commons, Gender and Sexuality Commons, Human Rights Law Commons, Inequality and Stratification Commons, Law and Gender Commons, Law and Society Commons, Law Enforcement and Corrections Commons, Legal Remedies Commons, Policy Design, Analysis, and Evaluation Commons, Property Law and Real Estate Commons, Public Law and Legal Theory Commons, Social Control, Law, Crime, and Deviance Commons, and the Women's Studies Commons Repository Citation Ogletree, Charles J. Jr. and de Silva de Alwis, Rangita, "The Recently Revised Marriage Law of China: The Promise and the Reality" (2004). Faculty Scholarship at Penn Law. 1709. https://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/faculty_scholarship/1709 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Penn Law: Legal Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Scholarship at Penn Law by an authorized administrator of Penn Law: Legal Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Texas Journal of Women and the Law Volume 13 THE RECENTLY REVISED MARRIAGE LAW OF CHINA: THE PROMISE AND THE REALITY Charles J. Ogletree, Jr.* and Rangita de Silva-de Alwis** A bstract .....................................................................................................
    [Show full text]