Full Issue, Vol. 59 No. 4

Great Basin Naturalist Volume 59 Number 4 Article 15 10-15-1999 Full Issue, Vol. 59 No. 4 Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/gbn Recommended Citation (1999) "Full Issue, Vol. 59 No. 4," Great Basin Naturalist: Vol. 59 : No. 4 , Article 15. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/gbn/vol59/iss4/15 This Full Issue is brought to you for free and open access by the Western North American Naturalist Publications at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Great Basin Naturalist by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. T H E GGREATREA BASIN naturalist A VOLUME 59 n2naN 4 OCTOBER 1999 ML BEAN LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM BRIGHAM YOUNG university GREAT BASIN naturalist httwww1ibbytleduhttp wwwlibbyu edu amsnms FAX 8013783733801 378 3733 editor assistant editor RICHARD W BAUMANN NATHAN M SMITH 290 MLBM 190 MLBM PO box 20200 PO box 26879 brigham young university brigham young university provo UT 84602020084602 0200 provo UT 84602687984602 6879 8013785492801 378 5492 8013786688801 378 6688 emailE mail richardriehardricharclbaumannbyuedubaumannbyuedu emailE mail nathansmithbyuedunathan smithbyuedu associate editors JAMES C CALLISON JBJR JERRY H SCRIVNER department of environmental technology department of biology utah valley state college ricks college oremutoremusorem UT 84058 rexburgredburgRexburg ID 83460110083460 1100 JEFFREY R JOHANSEN STANLEYSTANLEYD D SMITH department of biology john carroll university department of biology university heights OH 44118 university of nevada las vegas vegas NV 89154400489154 4004 BORIS C kondratieff las department of entomology colorado state ROBERT C WHITMORE university fort collins CO 80523 division of forestry box 6125 west virginia university Morganmorgantowntown WV PAUL C MARSH 26506612526506 6125 center for environmental studies arizona NEIL D WOFFINDEN state university tempe AZ 85287 division of natural sciences university of pittsburgh JOSEPH R MENDELSON iliIII111 department of biology utah state university johnstown PA 15904-1590429902990 logan UT 84322530584322 5305 editorial board richard A heckmann chair zoology john D bell zoology berranjerran T flinders botany and range science duke S rogers zoology bruce A roundy botany and range science richard R tolman zoology larry L st clair botany and range science H duane smith monte L bean life science museum all are at brigham young university ex officio editorial board members include steven L taylor college of biology and agriculture and richard W baumbaumannaimarm editor great basin naturalist the great basin naturalist founded in 1939 is published quarterly by brigham young university unpublished manuscripts that further our biological understanding of the great basin and surrounding areas in western north america are accepted for publication subscriptions annual subscriptionssubscsubacriptionseions to the great basin naturalist for 1999 are 25 for individual sub- scriscribersbers 30 outside the united states and 50 for institutions the price of single issues is 12 all back issues are in print and available for sale all matters pertaining to subscriptions back issues or other busi- ness should be directed to the editor great basin naturalist 290 MLBM PO box 20200 brigham young university provo UT 84602020084602 0200 scholarly exchanges libraries or other organizations interested in obtaining the great basin naturalist through a continuing exchange of scholarly publications should contact the exchange librarian 6385 HBLL PO box 26889 brigham young university provo UT 84602688984602 6889 editorial production staff joanne Y abel technical editor emailE mail jyaemailbyuedu copyright 0 1999 by Brigbrighambainhainbarn young university ISSN 001736140017 3614 official publication date 15 october 1999 109910 99 700 31097 the great basin naturalist PUBLISHED AT PROVO UTAH BY ML BEAN LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM BRIGHAM YOUNG university ISSN 001736140017 3614 VOLUME 59 31 OCTOBER 1999 no 4 gleatgreat basin naturalist 594 019991999 appp 301 314 chromosome RACES IN sarcobatus sarcobataceae caryophyllales stewart C SandersoSandersonnl1 howard C stutz2stutzm mildred stutz2stutzm and richard C roos3roosa ABSTRACT sarcobatus nees a genus of northnoi th amerleanamerican halophytic shrubs consists of 2 species S vertniculattisvermiculcitus hook torr n 18 36 which is widespread in western north america and S baileyibaileyy cov n 54 endemic to nevada within S vermiculatus populations ofnofoann 36 aieare widely distributed whereas populations ofofnoann 18 aiealeare found only in the sonoran desert northern california and northwestern gleatgreat plains locations at the periphery of the species langeiangerange although the chromosome number of n 18 is apparently tetraploid failure to form an n 27 race intermediate to those ofnofoann 18 and n 36 suggests that n 18 S vermiculatus is of significant age and that it behaves chromosomal ly as a diploid sarcobatus has a long fossil pollen record and endured pleistocene climatic extremes with little range displacement key words sarcobatus polyploidy autoploidy diploidization pleistocene distributions sarcobatus nees is an endemic north amer- wise known to date only from the amaran- ican genus consisting of spiny shrubs that are thaceae and aizoaceae rodman 1994 sarco- monoecious and wind pollinated with reduced batus propagules formed from the winged calyx fleshy leaves it has historically been placed in of female flowers are adapted for wind disper- the chenopodiaceae order caryophyllales sal across barren surfaces such as mud flats or like members of subfamily salsoloideae spiro sand dunes danin 1996 the segments of this lobeaelobean in the chenopodiaceae the embryo of calyx are accrescent and enclose the seed in sarcobatus is elongate and coiled in seed en- fruit standley 1916 welsh et al 1993 some- abling rapid extension during germination in what like that of some chenochenopodspods common with the chenopod genera spinacia in spite of these similarities to the cheno- atriplex and Ceratceratoidesoides plants of Samosarcobatusbatus podiaceae other sarcobatus characteristics are contain 6 oxygenated flavonoidsflavonoids sanderson et discordant within that family macromolecular al 1988 of 12 plus families in the baryocaryo and sieve tube plastid evidence suggests a link- phallalesphyllalespbyllalesphyllales 6 oxygenated flavonoidsflavonoids are other age of the genus to other families particularly arub1shrubhrub sciences laboratory rocky mountain researchResealchseaich station foiestforest service US department ofagriculture 735 N 500 east provo VIUT 84606 autholauthor to whom requests for reprints should be sent 2departmenteptiitment of botany and range science brigham young university brovoprovo UT 84602 3waste management federal services inc northwest operations 345 hills st richland WA 99352 301 302 GREAT BASIN naturalist volume 59 the nyctaginaceae and phytolaccaceae behnke MATERIALS AND METHODS 1993 1994 downie et al 1997 A feature of sarcobatus not duplicated in chromosome counts leaf flavonoid content any i elatedrelated family is the male inflorescence in and morphological measurements of sarcoba- which numerousnumeiouslous aseasepalouspalous flowers are borne tus were obtained from sites throughout its in a conconelikebonelikeelike structure formedmolmed from peltate range and representative voucher specimens scales in view of the distinctiveness of sarco- have been deposited at BRY cytological and batus a separate family sarcobataceae has chemical methods have evolved somewhat recently been created for it behnke 1997 during accumulation of data for this report fossil pollen of sarcobatus has been found 1982 1996 the following procedures are in eocene oligocene and later strata from currently used localities in washington oregon idaho wyo- in chromosome counts ming and Coloiacoloradodo leopold and macginitie 1972 leopold and denton 1987 the genus we have found the use of 5 acetic acid or was present in late miocene in the area of an equivalent strength of household vinegar to jackson hole wyoming before the plesentpresent be safer for field use and to give results com- teton mountains were uplifted moskybarnoskyBa 1984 parable to those of alcohol acetic acid in fixa- because floras during the early and mid ter tion of meiotic material for taxa of the chen- tiarybiary were considerably more tropical and pre- opodiaceae and sarcobatus stutz and sander- ponderponderantlyantly arboreal leopold and macginitiemacgmitiemacginitic son 1983 sanderson and stutz 1994 we 1972 sarcobatus may have had somewhat dif- determined chromosome counts from pollen ferent environmental tolerances at that time mother cells of male flower buds fixed in vine- than it does at present however it would gar 5 acetic acid strength and refrigerated likely have grown on the margins of dessicatdessicate gocac2c20c or frozen goocgoc for up to several months ingmg lakes rather than within forests before examination anthers were squashed in sarcobatus at present consists of 2 species acetocarmineacetocarmine stain which was concentrated to S venmculatusvenniculatus hook torr ofwideof wide distribu- supersaturation by means of evaporation on tion in western northnoi th america and S baileyibaileyy the microscope slide preparations were pre- cov which is limited to the central and western served by replacement of the dye solution paitspaltsparts of nevada in the great basin sarcobatus under the cover slip with

Load more