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The Red Sea and Gulf of Aden Regional Network of Marine Protected Areas

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The Red Sea and Gulf of Aden Regional Network of Marine Protected Areas The Regional Organization for the Conservation of the Environment of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden The Red Sea and Gulf of Aden Regional Network of Marine Protected Areas Regional Master Plan PERSGA Technical Report Series No. 1 PERSGA Jeddah 2002 PERSGA - ‘The Regional Organization for the Conservation of the Environment of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden’ is an intergovernmental organisation dedicated to the conservation of the coastal and marine environments in the region. The Regional Convention for the Conservation of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden Environment (Jeddah Convention) 1982, provides the legal foundation for PERSGA. The Secretariat of the Organization was formally established in Jeddah following the Cairo Declaration of September 1995. The PERSGA member states are Djibouti, Egypt, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, and Yemen. PERSGA, P.O. Box 53662, Jeddah 21583, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Tel.: +966-2-657-3224. Fax: +966-2-652-1901. Email: [email protected] This document has been prepared by Dr. William Gladstone (Centre for Sustainable Use of Coasts and Catchments, University of Newcastle, Australia) under contract to, and with the cooperation of PERSGA. The work was carried out under the Marine Protected Areas Component of the Strategic Action Programme for the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden, a GEF funded project executed by PERSGA and implemented by the United Nations Development Programme, the United Nations Environment Programme and the World Bank. The comments expressed in this document represent the opinion of the author(s) acting in their own capacities and do not necessarily represent the views of PERSGA or the agencies that assisted with funding the preparation of the report. Any outlines or descriptions presented do not imply the expression of any opinion, on the part of PERSGA or any funding agency, concerning the legal boundaries of any state, territory, city limit, frontier or boundary. © 2002 PERSGA, P.O. Box 53662, Jeddah 21583, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit purposes without the permission of the copyright holders provided that acknowledgement of the source is given. PERSGA would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this material as a source. This publication may not be copied, or distributed electronically, for resale or other commercial purposes without prior permission, in writing, from PERSGA. Photographs by Dr. F. Krupp, Mr. J. Kuchinke, Dr. N. Pilcher and Mr. M. Younis Cover photograph: The coastline at Hadibo, Socotra, Yemen This publication may be cited as: PERSGA/GEF. 2002. The Red Sea and Gulf of Aden Regional Network of Marine Protected Areas. Regional Master Plan. PERSGA Technical Series No.1. PERSGA, Jeddah. TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary................................................................................................................................ 1 Résumé analytique.................................................................................................................................. 3 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 5 Background............................................................................................................................................. 7 Physical Environment .......................................................................................................................................... 7 Key Habitats....................................................................................................................................................... 10 The Role of Marine Protected Areas in Sustainable Resource Use and Biodiversity Conservation .................. 16 International Context.......................................................................................................................................... 16 Regional Networks of Marine Protected Areas.................................................................................................. 17 The Red Sea and Gulf of Aden Regional Network of Marine Protected Areas ................................................. 20 Purpose of the Regional Master Plan ................................................................................................................. 22 Development of the Regional Master Plan......................................................................................................... 24 The Principles Underlying Management of Marine Protected Areas in the Regional Network......................... 24 Regional Master Plan ........................................................................................................................... 27 Objectives of the Regional Network of Marine Protected Areas ....................................................................... 28 Goals, Strategies and Policies of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden Regional Network of MPAs.......................... 28 Guidelines for Developing Master Plans and Management Plans for MPAs in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden Regional Network .......................................................................................................... 35 The Planning Team ............................................................................................................................................ 35 The Planning Process ......................................................................................................................................... 36 Research and Monitoring ................................................................................................................................... 44 Public Awareness ............................................................................................................................................... 48 Stakeholder Consultation and Participation ....................................................................................................... 50 Sustainable Financing ........................................................................................................................................ 53 Capacity Building............................................................................................................................................... 53 Training Needs in the Regional Network........................................................................................................... 54 Personnel and Organizational Structure ............................................................................................................. 54 Strengthening the MPA Network........................................................................................................ 57 National Legal and Institutional Frameworks and Development of a Regional MPA Protocol......................... 57 Coordination....................................................................................................................................................... 58 Information Exchange ........................................................................................................................................ 59 Capacity Building and Institutional Strengthening ............................................................................................ 60 Wider Linkages .................................................................................................................................................. 60 An Expanded Network ....................................................................................................................................... 60 References.............................................................................................................................................. 63 Internet Resources................................................................................................................................ 68 Appendices ............................................................................................................................................ 69 APPENDIX 1: Red Sea and Gulf of Aden Representative Network of Marine Protected Areas....................... 70 APPENDIX 2: National Legal and Institutional Frameworks for Marine Protected Areas in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden ...................................................................................................................................................... 73 APPENDIX 3: Contents of Site-Specific Master Plans and Management Plans ............................................... 74 APPENDIX 4: Guidelines for the Identification and Selection of Additional MPAs in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden................................................................................................................................................................... 77 Abbreviations GEF Global Environment Facility (a partnership of the United Nations Development Programme, United Nations Environment Programme, World Bank) IUCN World Conservation Union MPA Marine Protected Area MPA/WG Marine Protected Areas Working Group PERSGA Regional Organization for the Conservation of the Environment of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden SAP Strategic Action Programme for the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNEP United Nations Environment Programme UNESCO United Nations Educational,
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