OFFICIAL AGENTS FOR THE SALE OF GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS.

In . ~hssBs. THJ.CX:EB, SPINK & Co .• Calcutta and Simla. MEBSBS/NBWMJ.N & Co., Calcutta. M ESSBs. HIGGINBOTHAM & Co., Madras. MEssRs. THJ.CKl!:R & Co., Ln., Bombay. M:F.ssBs. A. J. CoMBBIDGB & Co., Bombay. THE SuPERINTENDENT, AMERICAN BAPTIST MissroN. Pus.s, Rangoon. MRs. RJ.DHABJ.I ATUJ.BAM SA.GOON, Bombay. MEss:as. R. 0J.MBR! Y.& Co., Calcutta . .R.u SAHIB M. GuLAB SnvGH & SoNs, Proprietors of the Mufid·i-am Press, Lahore, Punjab. MEssRs. THOMPSON & Co., Madras. MEssRs. S. MuBTBY & Co., Madras. MEss.as. GoPAL .NARAYEN & Co .• Bombay. MEssRs. B. BANEBlEE & Co.~ 25, Cornwallis Street, Calcutta. MEssRs. S. K. LAHIRI & Co., Printers and Book-sellers, College Street, Calcutta. · - Mxssns. V. KALYANABA.uiiYEB & Co., Book-sellers, &e., Madras. lh:sus•. D. B. 'fARAPOREVA.LA, SoNs & Co., Booll.-sellers, Bombay. MEssns. G. A. N ATESJ.N & Co., Madras. MR. N. B. MATHUR, Superintendent, Nazair Kanum Hind Press, Allahabad. , THE CA.Lcuru ScuooL Boox: SociETY. MLS~~R~NOOBU~B~b~ MESSRs; A. M. AND .T. FERGUSON, Ceylon. MEssRs. TEMPLE & Co., Madras. lhssxs. CoMBRIDGE & Co., Madras. MESSRS • .A.. CHAND & Co., Lahore. BJ.BtJ S.C. TA.LUXDAB, Proprietor, Students & Co., Cooch Behar. MEssns.lhucHumxA GoviND_ & 8oN, Book.;sellers and Publishers, Kalvadevi, Bombay. · In England. lhssRs. A. CoNSTABLE & Co., 10, Orange Street;. Leicester Square, London, W. C. MEssRs. GniNDL&.Y & Co., 64, Parliament Street, London, S. W. MEsSRS. KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRtrBNBR & Co., 43, Gerrard Street, Soho, London, W. MB. B. QtrABITOH, 11, Grafton Street, New Bond Street, London, W. · ' lhssRs. W. THACKER & Co., 2, Creed Iiane, Ludgate Hill, London, E. 0. MEsSRS. P. S. KING & SoN, 2 & 4, Great Smith Street, Viestminster, London, S. W. MEssas. H. S. KING & Co., 65, Cornhill, London, fj;, C. MR. B. H. BLACKWELL, 60.51, Broad Street, Oxford. MEssas. DEIGHTON BELL & Co., Trinity Street, Cambridge. MR. T. FIBBER UNWIN, 1, Adelphi Terrace, London, W. C. lbssRs. LuZJ.c & Co., 46, Great Russell Street, Lcndon, W. C. On ths Continent. , ' lhssRI. R. FRIEDLANDER & SoBN, 11, Cazlstrasse, Berlin, N. W. 6. )1R. OTTO HARBASSOWITZ, Leipzig. MB. KARL HI:BRSEMANN, 29, Konigsstrassee, Leipzig. MB. E:aNES1' LEROUX, Rue Bon!iparte, Paris • .MJ. M.ABTJNl7~ Nll.J[OJ'.I'e The Ha~e. - BENG&d.L DISTRICT GAZETTE.ERS.

HOOGHLY. DISTRICT GAZETTEE:F:S.

JIOOGHLY.

BY L. 8. 8. O'MALLEY, J. - ..... JSDUN CIVIL SBRVICE• .. .. . - AND.

MONMOHAN CHAKRAVARTI, M.A., B.L.,

l'BOVI.ISCU.L CIVIL SEBVICB, BENGAL; FELLOW OF THE. A.i!IA.TIO SOCIETY 011' BENGAL j IIIEIIIBB& OF THB ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY OF GBBA.T BBITA.IN, ETC.

OA.LOUTTA.:

THE BENGAL SECRETARIAT BOOK DEPOT.

-1912. PLAN OF CONTENTS·

CHAPTER .. ·.PAa~s I. PuYI'\ICAL AsPECTS .. · l-24 II. HISTORY • • • 25-42 III. EARLY EUROPEAN SE1'TLEMENTS • • 43-91 IV'. THE PEOl'LE • 92-110 v. 'CHRISTIAN MISSIONS. • • • • 111-124 VI. PUBLIO HEALTH . . 125-134 . VJI.. AoatciJLTURE 135. 149 VI II! NATURAL CALAMI'IIES • . 150-158 IX. CANALs,_DRAtNAGE AND EMR .NKMENTS . 159-·166 X. RENTS, wAGES ·AND PRICES. 167-175 XI. OccuPATIONs, hmusTRIES AND TRADE • . 176 '193 XII. MEANs oF CoMMUNICATioN . 194-205 xur. L\ND REvENUK AoMINisTHATioN . ~06-215 XIV, GElS ERAL ADM:lNlSTRATIO:N .... . 216-221 XV. LocAL SELF•OovEBNMENT . 222-229 XVI .. EDUCATION . 2::l0-~42 X VII. GAZET'IEER . 24a 324 INDEX . 325-330 TABJJE QF CONTENTS~

CHAPTER J ..

PHYSICAl.. ASPECTS. _PA.GBS. , GE~EBU. DESCBil'TION-Boundaries-Configuration-~ATURAL DIVISIONS-. Upland•-CAtJra-JJowlands-ScENERY-RIVER . SYsTEM-The Hooghly­ Tbe Diimodar-The Dwa•·akeswar-The Riipniriyan- The Gangan or'Bebuli -lhe Konti cr Kini Nadl-1.'be Sarnswati-1'he Rili Kbiil-The Kaoii Damodar-1'he Madiriii Kha:t.-TjJe Besiii-·The Mundeswari-Tbe Kiinii O"'iirnhslll'nr-Tho Amodar and 'fiirajuli Kbiil-CHANGES;IN'THB RIVER CoURSES- The Saraawati -The Diimodar:.....The Kiinii Nadi-Tbe Madiiriii Kbiil-'l'be Diimodar Khil-The Mund~swari-The _Kinii Dwiirakeuar---' General remarks on the Diimodar-l.AxES A:Sv MABSHES-GEOLOGY­ BoT.&NT- ZoOLOGY- Animals- Birds-Reptiles- Fish-CLHf:lTE -Cold season-Hot season-Rainy! season-Rainfall "··· 1-24

CHA.PTER II.

HISTORY.

PREBISTOBIO PERIOD-EARLY HINDU PERIOD-LATER IlrNDU PE:ai(m-EABLY :MuuAMMAllAN :autE-THB ·AFGHANs-TnE MoGuAl:. BULE~A:P.a:IINISTRA· TIVE cn.-NGES-HOOGHLY- Faujdara -LAST DAYS OF MUGHAJ, BIJ!.E-· Faujdat·a-BRITISH RULE-AncullioLOGY-Hindu remains-:-Muhammadan remains-Christian monuments '. 25-42 CHAPTER ur: EARLY EUROPEAN SETTLEMENTS.

EARLY EuRoPEAN TRAVIIL'tERs-THB PoRTUGUESB-TBB DuTOR-'l'HB EsausH-THE D&N..:s-T:us FRBNCH-·THB PnussuNs-Tu:e FLEMISH --VERNACULAR NAMBS ,.·.~ 43-91 .. CHAPTER IV.

THE PEOPLE.

GROWTH OP POPULATION-CENSUS OF 1901-Density-Migration-Towns and villages-LANGUAGE-Literature-REt lGION-Animists -Christians­ Mnbunt madans-Sheikbs- Ashraf J oli\his -·Hind us-Brahmans-Biigdis­ Kaiba,ttas-Functional cnstes-Kiyasths-i3adgops- HINDU FBSTIVALS- PJ.Af.lli:S OF PIL(!RJMAGE -Mt'liA~~A:PA~ f!!STJV'ALS ••• .,. 9~-109 TABLE OF CONTENTS.

CHAPTER .V.

CHRISTIAN MISSIONS.

. . PAGES, A.VGUS~INIANS·-JBS'O'ITS-CAPUCHINS-TRB FI:B.ST C:O:.APLAIN AT HOOGHLY •. Cn.&PLAllC'B AT CHINSURA-SERUt:PORB MtssioN-Cnunc11 o:r HNGLAND­ FBEB CHU:B.Cll OP SCOTLAND MISSION· ••• 110-124

CHAPTER VI.·

PUBJ.IC HEALTH.

CL;:v-ATJC- VITAL S!ATISTICS-Iofan~ile mortality-P:HINCIP.Air NSEASES­ Fever-Burd wiin fever-Cholera-Bo":el .e~mplaint&-Sm all-pox-Plngnc­ Other diaeaaea-Intirmitiea-Leprosy-VACCJN ATION-Inocullltion-MBDI- CAL lNSTITUTIOliS-MEDICAL PBACTITIONERS .• , ... 1~5-134

CHAPTElt VII. A.GRICU LTURE. GE.NERA.L· CONDITIONS..;_RAINP.ALL-SOILB-lRB.I~ATIOB-Wells-Water-lirts- AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS-PBINCIPA.L . CROPs-Itice-Boro--Aua- Wintex:, rice. 7- Pulse~Oil-seeds- J ute-Sogarcane-Tobacco and betel-leaf7 FRUITS-VEGETABLES-MISCELLANEOUS PRODUCTS--EXTENSION O:F Cl:i'L· TJV A.TION-AGRTCULTURAL METHODS~Jm pleman ts-H.otation-Seed- Mao lrt>s-CATTLE-~a_sturage .•• 135-]4.9

CHAPTEH. VIII . .. ' · NATURAL CALAMITIES. : l;t.oons-...F.\1n:8.Es- Famines of 1St~ CentuJ~-:- Famima or 19th Century­ Famine of 1866-Famine of ISH-Liability to fa~ine- EARTRQU:us.:::...... CYCLOlCE~-DROUGBTB-BLIGH'IS AND PESTS ••• 150-l5S . ~ - t

CllA.PIER IX.

CANALS~·, DRAINAGE AND EMBANKMENTS. CANALS_::.Eden Ce.nal-Cilnalization of Kansiki-D:B.AINAGB-Dankuni drainage ·. worki.:...Rajipur drainage works-~:mU.NXMBNTs-History of the embank- menta·.;··:<,; ••• . ••• ... •.. 159-166

CHAPTER X

RENTS, WAGES AND PRICES.

n BNTS·-wAGES -'J >Wns -Mofossil-Supply of laboor-Pxi CES-Food-grains­ ~Uscell&.neoue- Changes~ l>rices-MATBRJ::AL CONDJTION-lndebtedness ..,l67-l75 TABLE OF CONTEISTS. xi

CHAPTER XI.

OCCUPATIONS, INDUSTRIES AND TRADE.

~ PAGES. 0CCUPA.TIOlr-Fiehing-INDVSTRIE8-Jute mills-Cotton mills-Other mills­ Brick and tile-making-Small industries-The Ser11mpore harid-loom­ Silk-weaviug-Tuaser-weaving- Mixed fabrics-Rope works- Brass and bell-metal ware-augur munufacturc-Pa}Jer-ruaking-Carpentry-Ohikan work-Miscellaneous-'fRADE-Hi.its and meliia ••• 176~.,193

. CHAPTER XII.

MEANS OF COMMJTNICA.TION.

RoADs-Old roads-Grand Trunk road-Mursbidiibiid road-Dha~iiikhiili road­ Modern roads-Provincial roads-District Board roads-Village roads­ Inspection bungalow11-Conveyance-WATER COMMUNICATIONS -Ri ver11 and khals-Country bollts-European · veasels-Ferries-R.ULWAYs-,.;.East Indian •. Railw11y-Bengal Provincial Hailw!ly-Light railways-Posr. OF!'ICES-TELBGBAI'll OFFICES ' . ..,19~20S , . •.· CHAPTER XIII. · · .,,

LAND REVENUE ADMINISTRATION.,

REV,J!lrUB HISTORY-LAND TENURBS-Estates7 Pafni ta~uks-{jaras-Rent• ·tree tenUres-Service tenures-Phi~trldars c • ••• • •• 206-215

CHAPTER XIV.

GENERAL ADMlNISTRATION.

ADMINIS'IBA7ITB CHABGES AND STAFF-Revenue-Land revenue-Excise- ~/ ·' Stamps-Cesses -Income-tax-Registration-ADMINit~TRATION OF Jus.- . ..•. TIOE-Civil Justice-Criminal Justice-POLICE-J.ULS . .'.216-~221 ...... •, CHAPTER XV.

LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT. ·. ~. DISTRICT Bo.&Bo-Income-Expenditure-Loq.AL Bo.ABDs-U:N'ION COMMITTEES -MUNIOIPALITIBS-Hooghly-Chinsura--A.rimbiigb-Utt a r. pira-Kotrang- Baidy a bii ti-Bhad res war-Bans beriii ••• 222-229 xii TABLE OF CONTEN1'B,

CHAPTEH. XVI.

EDUCATION.

PAGES. P.aoGRESS OP BDUCATION-INSl'EC:riNG STAP:r-COLLBGBS-Hooghly-Uttar• piiri-Sel'&mrore-8ECONDARY BDUCATIOlf-Hgih English .Schools--Middle Scbools-P.RIMARY SCHOOLS-FEMALE BDUCAT!ON-Uttarpari Hitakiri Sabhi--TECHlUCAL ED~CATION-TRUNING s;,llQOLs-P.atVATE SCHOOLS­ MUliUUUDAN EDDCATION-Tola-MESSES AND HOSTELS-LIBRARIES- . NBwSl'Al'.ERS ••• ••• 230-242

CHAPTER XVII.

GAZETTEER. · • Ariimbiigh-Arlimbiigh Subdivision-Badanganj-Baidyabiti-Bainchi-Balii· ga ·h~Biili-Ballabhpur-Bandel-B.insb('riii-Bhadruwar- Bbitarga r h­ Chiimpdani-:-Cbandernagore-Cbanditala-Cbinsur.&- Did p-ar Dhaniikbiili · -Dirw~nganj~Dwiirbiisini--Gangadbarpur- Ghir~~ti fr. G!lurhiti-Gogbii.t ,,_ : 7 Guptipirii-Baripil-Hridayriimpur-Hooghly-Sooghly Subdivision­ , \In~hura-:.J anii - ~hiiniikol--Kotrang- KrishnaoagRr-Msgra- -·~ ~ Miihin!d~Mahesb-Mandalaf.:...Mandirao-'Miyapur-Mohsin li' u n d - ~ 'Muhammad Aminpur-Nilikul-Nayii.sarai- Pandui-Phurpburli-Polbi­ l'ursllr--R_iijbalhit-~anchitarii-Sarsa-Sitgion-Seram pore-St:ram p o r e Subdivision--Shcoriiphuli-Singur- Sitipur-Syimbazar -Tiirake s war - Tribeni-Uttar11irii _ •.. , . ~- _ .•. 243-324

!NDBX -• •.. 325-330 IrfUEX.

A Balla.bhpur, account of, 313-316; festinl at, 105. Aboriginal races, 97. Bandel, 50, 52, 112, 113, 114, 178, 179, Administration; of land revenue, 206·215; 249 ; account of, 265-268. · - general, 216-221; of justice, 219, Biinsberiii., 123, 124; account of! 250.257; Administrative staff, 216, 219, municipality of, 229. ... Afgbins, waus of, 29-31, ;Barracks at Chinsura, 279, 28Q. ' Agriculture, 135-149. Basket-making, 187. Agricultural statistics, 139; ~ethods, 146 ]' • Hedarrah, battle of, 62. implements, 147. Behulii river, 9. A.ldeen Hou,6, 122, 812, 313. Bell-metafmanufacture, 186. ,4man rice, 140, 141. B~:ngal Lakshmi Cotton Mifls, .. lln~ ., A.modar river, 12, ~engal Provincial Railway, 2oi:; ": ~­ A.nimala, wild, 20. Betel-leaf, cnltivation oF, 143. Animist•, 97. Bbadreswar, account of, 256; dispensary -Antiquarian remains~ 41, 42, at, 132-134; municipality of, 2~8. Arambigb, account of, 243-245; rainfall Bbiigirathi rivf.r, 6, '1. of, 24; dispensary at, 132-134; munici­ .Bhandiirhiiti, dispensary at, 132-134, pality of, 227 ; sub-jail at, 22~ · Bhitargarh, account of, 258, 289-292. Arambigh subdivision, account 'of .. 245. _ Birds, n. ~ A.rcbmology, 41, 42. Birth-rate, 126. Armenian Cbu'rch at Chinsura,' 276. Blights, 156-158. · Ashriif, 98. Blindness, 131. A.uguetinians, 110-112. Boats, 201, 202. 4v• rice, 140. Bone mills, 181, Boro rice, 139. B Botany, 19, 20. Boundaries of the district, 1, Badanga!;j, account of, 245. Bowel complaints, 129, ~30. Biigdis, 101, 102. Brahmans, 99-101, - B~dyabiti, account of, 245-248; dispen­ Brass manufacture, 186. sary at, 132-13~; municipalty of, 228, Brick-making, 182. Bainchi, dispensary at, 131. British rule, 39, 40. Balagarh, account of, 2t8; dispensary at, Bungalows, inspection, 2004 132-134;union Committee of, !24. Burdwin fever, 12'1, 128. Bili, accou~t-of~;249; Union Committee of, 224. _. c Biili (in Hooghly" town), 268. Calamitiea, natural, 150-158, JJiU Xhil, 10. - Canals, 159-161. 326 INDEX.

Capuchins, 114, 115. Dimodar kbil, 16. Carey, life of, 116-123. Dimodar river, 7, 8, 14-18; floods of, Carpentry, 186. 150-153; embankment on, 163-166. Cattle, US. Danes, history of the, 74-80. Cemeteries, 277, 313. Dinkuni drainage works, 161, 162. Census atatistic8, 92, 93. ·· Deaf-mutes, 131. ,J • .... • Cessea, 218. Death-rate, 126. Chi~pdinl~aecount of, 248. - . , Density of populati~n, 93, 94. · CMmpdini J nte Mill; 181.. ~- . . ... '!!' ' . ~ • ..., Dbaniikbiili, account of, 259. ~· · ~ande~nagore, account of,_ 25P; French Dhaniikhili ro<~d, 197. at, 80-87; Engli_sh capture of. 84, 85 ;_ Diarrhrea, 129, 130. Jesuits at, . 115: Capuchins at, 114,, Dins••· 202• . . ... ; 115. Diseases, 126-131. · ~.... Cbanditali, account ot, 259·~ unioD• com• l>ispenlfaries, 132-134. , mittee of, _224. • • · District P. ~rd, 222-224. CIH1r1, 3. District Doard roads, 197-19!>. ''Chisi Kaibarttaa, 103. ·• Diwinganj, 249. Chaukidiri system, 220. D,f,iiia, 202: CAikt~ta work, 187• Drai~age, 161-163. ' . ~ ... Chinsura,- account of, 276-282; Dutch at, Drought., 156~ _.. _-- 56-65; chaplains of, 116. Duff, Dr., 123, 124: Chintz manufacture, 180•. Dupleix, 81-83. Cholera. 128, 129. Dutch, history of the, 56-65; remaina:of, Christiana, 97. 277, 278, 279-282. • • Christian missions, Dis tory of, 98, 110- Dwirakeswu river, 8, 9. · ·

124. .l> D_wirbiisini, account of, 259; dispensary Church of.England, 122, 123. at, 132-134. Churches, 42, 265-267, 276, 278. Dysenteey, 129-130. Civil justice, 219. _ Climate, 22-24 ; in relation to health_, 125. Clive, 60, 61; 62, 73, 84, 85. E Colleges. 232-236. Commerce, 187-193. Earthquakes, 155. Communication, means of, 194.-205. East Indian Railway, 203. Conveyances, 200, 201. Economic c:onditions,170.17i. Eden Canal, 159-161. Cotton mills, 181. Education, 230-242. --< Cotton weaving, 182-18 '· Educational staff, 232. Crimiaal justice, 220. gmbankments, 163-166. CrO(IB, 139-143. Embroidery work, 187. Cultivation, 135-138; extension of,146. Emigration, 95. f ,, Cyclones, 155. English, seitlcment at llooghly, his~ry .. of, 65-74. D Estates., 21!. ;,:.~ Didpur, 259. Europeall settlements, history of,. 43·9L · Dalhousie Jute Mill, 18. Excise, 217.

• IN DI'i:. 3~7.

.F ~itakii:ri Sabhi, 238. .Factories, 180, 181. Honorary Magistrates, 220 • Famines, 153-11>5. Hoogbly-Chinsura municipality, 225. , 6, 7. . . Faujddra, 84-36, 38, 39. Hooghly of, 283.· Female education, 237. subdivision,·,a~count Hooghly town,~ account .2B4-283 • deri. Ferries, 202, 203. of, ,_l , vation of name,. 1 ; rainfall of, 24 ; Festivals, Hindu, 103, 105; Muham- early history of, 48, 49;- Portug~~e at madan, 107-109. . . Fever, 126-128. •: 48-55; English settlement at; 65-'14 1 Fish, 21. ., Augustinian& at, 111, 112; Jesuits'.at, • ' 113-115; first chaplain of, 115; hospital · Fishing, 176, 177, . at. 132-134; early trade of, 188-190; Flemish, history of 'the, 88-98. Floods, 150-152. . jail et* 201;. college at, 232, 233, 278, 27!J ;. Hoogb1y proper, 269; the old Free Church of Scotland Mission, 123· 124. fort, 272-27 4. P'rench, history of the, 80-87. Hospitals, 132-134, Fruita, 143. Hostels, 241. Howrah-Amti Livht Railway, 204. G Howrab-Shiikhiili Lig~t;Bailway, 204. Bridayrampur, 264. . ·· · · • Gangidharpur, 260. · ' · Humidity, 23. Gingan river, 9. Valley Bone Mill, 181. I . Geology, 19. • Ghiretti, account of, 257, 258, 261. I}'"ilris, 213. Goghit, 261. Imiimbiira at Hooghly, account Golighar, commercial residencl at, 178. 271; hospital at, 132-184: Golgbit, 271. Immigration, 95, Orand Trunk Road, 196, 197. Implements, agricultural, 147. Grazing grounds, 149. Inchuri, 284. Ouptipiri, account of, 261-263. Income-tax, 219. Gwr, manufacture of, 186. Indebtedness, 174, 175. India Jute Mill, 181. H Indigo manufacture, 179. Industries, 177-187. • Haripil, account of, 263; dispensary at, Infantile mortality, 126. 132-134; commercial residency at, 178; •Infirmities, 131. Union Committee of, 224. Inoculation, 132. Hastings Jute Mills, 181. Inspection bungalows, 200. .·- ., ...... Hat•,192. Inundations, 150-152. Health, public, 125.J.84. • :.. '• Irrigation, 137, 138. High schools, 236. Insanity, 131. Hind~r festivals, 103-105. • Itachoni, dispensary at~ 132·1M. Hindu rule, 25-27. Hindus, number of~ 97. History, general, 25-42 ; of European J aettleu:ents, 43-91,; of Christian J ahinibid. 30, 243. misaiona, 111·124. Jails, 221. · JNDEX. 328,;

Jaliyi Kaibarttas, 103. ' . J anii, 2S4o. Madirii Khil, 11, 16. Jesuits, 112-114. ,. Magistrates, 22~. J olahiis, 9!'. Magri, account of, 286. , 203, 271. Mahiniid, account of, 287. Judicial adminia!rat\on, 219. MihPsb, account of. 317, 318·; festinl at., Jute cultivation of, 142. 105; cotton m;lla at,181. J n~ mills, 181. Mandalai, account ot, 288; diapenaary at, 133-134. .

Mandiran, 27, 29, 31 ; account of 1 28~- K 292. Manufacture~, 1_77-187. Kaibarttas,-102, 103. - Manures, 148. ... Kini Diimoda.r river, 10, 11. Marshes, 18. 19•.• Kini Dwirakeswar river, 11, 12, 17. lbrshman, life of, 117-123. Kini Na.di, 9, 10, IS. Material condition of the people, 172.175. Kansiki, c&n\\lization of, 161. Miyipur, 292. Kiyasths, 103. Means of communication, 191-205. Keoti, 265. Mei:cal aspects. 125-134, KA"illa, 201! , .. Medical institutions, 13~-134, Kbi~ikul, dispensary at, 132:13 Jo i account Medical practitioners. 1U• of, 284. .Me~192.· Kiernander, 116. Meteorology, 22, 24• . Konnagar, account of, 319; cbemicu Middle English schools. 237. ~orks at, 181. , Middle Vernacular schools, 237. Kotra.~; aecouut of, 285; municipality Migration, 95. of, 227. Mills, 180, 181. Krishnanagar, account of, 285, 286. Missions, Christian., 98, 110-121; ..Seum· Kulin Brahmans, 100, 101. pore, 117-122. Kunti Nadi, 9, 10. Mohsin Fund, 292-296. Molasses, manufacture of,l86. Molnah Simla, 302. L Mortality, 126. Mughal rule, 81-39. Labour, supply of, 169. Muhammad Aminpui• 296. Lakes, 18, 19. .· Land revenue, adminis~ration of, 206-215; Muhammadans, 98; education ot, 238. rece1pts from, 216. Mundeswari river, 11, 16.. Municipalities, 224-229. Land tenures10 212-215. Languages, 96, 97• Mnnsifs, 219. Leprosy, 131. '"· Mursbidibid Road, 196. Libraries. 24i. Light railways, 204. N Literates, ~umber of, 230. Literature~ 97. Nil!kul, 296. Local Boards, 224. Natural calamities, 150-158. Local Board roads, 200. Navigation, 201, 203,. 'Local Sell-Govemment, 222·229. Nayisarai, 296. INDU. 329

Newspapers, 241. Rainfall, 23-24 ; in relation to agri· Nimii Tirtha Obit, 247. culture, 136. Registration offices, 219. 0 Religions, 97-98. Bents, 167-168. Occupations, 176. Rent-free tenures, 213. Oil-seeds, 142. Reptiles, 21. Ostend Company, history of the, 88-90. Revenue administration, 33, 34, 89, 4.0, Outpoets, police, 220. · 206-215. Outram, Sir James, 124. Revenue of the district, 216. p / Rice crops, 139-141. Rishrii., 179, 180; account of,· 318, 819; ... . Panduii, 28, 109; account of, 297-302; dispensary at, 132.134. Union Committee of, 224. River syatem, 5-18. Paper manufacture, 180-186. Roads, 194-200. Paaturage, 149. Road and Public Works ceases, 218. 1'11tn\ tenures, 213. Rope works, 186. People, the, 92-110 ; material condition Rotation ~f crops, l47. of, 172·175. Rum, manufacture of,.179, 180•. Permanent Settlement, 211, Riipniriyan river, 9, Pesta, agricultural, 156-158. Phi.inr\dar•, 214. Phurphuri, 802. ·, s Pilgrimage, places of, 105. Sadgops, 103. Pla.;ue, 130. Sanchitiri, 304. Polbi, 303. Stn·ki.irl, 28. Police, 220. Sarsi, 304. Population, growth of, 92 ; density of• Saraswati rive~, 10, 13, 93; rural, 95 ; urban, 95. Satgaon, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 81, 34; Porto Piqueno, 47, 50. account of, 30i-309; Portuguese at~ . Portuguese, history of, 45-55. 46, 47~ 48, 49:·-. Post-offices, 204. Scenery, 4, 5. Pottery manufacture, 187• Secondary education, 236, 237. • Seed, 147. Primary schools, .237, ·~ · prussians, history of the, 87, 88. Self-Government, Local, 222-229. Public health, 125-134. Serampore College, 812. Pulses, 141. Serampore looms, 183, 184, Pursuri, 303. Serampore Mission, 116·122. Serampore subdivision, account of, 319. · Serampore town, account of, 309-319 1 R rainfall of, 24 J Danes t~t, 7o-80 1 Radhi, 27. hospital at, 132-134; municipality of, Radhinagar, 179. 226-227 (sub-jail at, 221; college at, Raghunithpur, dispensary at, 132-134. 234-236. Rijip'lr drainage works, 162-163. Service tenures, 214. Rijbalhit., 304, Shebriphuli, account of, 246, 247. RailwAys, 203, 204. Sheikhs, 99. 330 INDEX. Silk-weaving, 1M. u Singur, 320. Union Committees, 224. Sitipur, 320. Uttarpiri, of. 323, 324; dispen· Small-pox, 130. accotn~t sal'l' at, 13:!-134; · bone mill at 181 • SDalres, 21. . ' .. munacipality or, 227 i college at 233-. Soils, 187. 234. . • Stamps, 218. Uttarpiirii BitakiH Su.hbi 237 Steamer aervices, 202. -· . . Subdivisions, 216. Subhi Singh, revolt of, 32, 33. v Sugar manufacture, 186. Vaccinatio_!l; 131, 182. Sub 25, 26, 27. mas, V egetablea, 144. Bwrkl mills, 182. . ~ictoria Che~ical \V orks, 181. Syimbazar, 820. Yictoria Jute MiU.,.18L Villages, 95, 96. T Vital stat:stica, 126_..• '.larijuli Khil, 12. Tirakes'!ar, account of. 320-323; featival w at, 106,107; dispensary at, 132-134. Ward, Jifi) or, .117-123. Technical education, 238. · Watges, 168, 169. Telegraph offices, 204. Water communications, 201,202. Temperat.ure, 22-23. W ater·lifts, 13~. Templea, Hindu, 41. Weaving induatries, 182-185. Te~ures of land, 212-215•. Weaving school, 239. Thinas, 220. Wellington .Jute Mills, 181. Tibetan mission, 115, ll«t Wells, 138. Tile-making, 182. Wild animals, 20. Tobacco, cultivation of, 143. Winter rice, 140, 141. Tou, 239-241. · Towna, 95, 96. Trade, 18'1-193. z Tribeni, 27, 29; account of,. 254.-256 ; . . festivalat, 105, 110. Zamindiris, 209,212. Zoology, 20, 22. Tusser.wesving1 185.

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