OFFICIAL AGENTS FOR THE SALE OF GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS. In India. ~hssBs. THJ.CX:EB, SPINK & Co .• Calcutta and Simla. MEBSBS/NBWMJ.N & Co., Calcutta. M ESSBs. HIGGINBOTHAM & Co., Madras. MEssRs. THJ.CKl!:R & Co., Ln., Bombay. M:F.ssBs. A. J. CoMBBIDGB & Co., Bombay. THE SuPERINTENDENT, AMERICAN BAPTIST MissroN. Pus.s, Rangoon. MRs. RJ.DHABJ.I ATUJ.BAM SA.GOON, Bombay. MEss:as. R. 0J.MBR! Y.& Co., Calcutta . .R.u SAHIB M. GuLAB SnvGH & SoNs, Proprietors of the Mufid·i-am Press, Lahore, Punjab. MEssRs. THOMPSON & Co., Madras. MEssRs. S. MuBTBY & Co., Madras. MEss.as. GoPAL .NARAYEN & Co .• Bombay. MEssRs. B. BANEBlEE & Co.~ 25, Cornwallis Street, Calcutta. MEssRs. S. K. LAHIRI & Co., Printers and Book-sellers, College Street, Calcutta. · - Mxssns. V. KALYANABA.uiiYEB & Co., Book-sellers, &e., Madras. lh:sus•. D. B. 'fARAPOREVA.LA, SoNs & Co., Booll.-sellers, Bombay. MEssns. G. A. N ATESJ.N & Co., Madras. MR. N. B. MATHUR, Superintendent, Nazair Kanum Hind Press, Allahabad. , THE CA.Lcuru ScuooL Boox: SociETY. MLS~~R~NOOBU~B~b~ MESSRs; A. M. AND .T. FERGUSON, Ceylon. MEssRs. TEMPLE & Co., Madras. lhssxs. CoMBRIDGE & Co., Madras. MESSRS • .A.. CHAND & Co., Lahore. BJ.BtJ S.C. TA.LUXDAB, Proprietor, Students & Co., Cooch Behar. MEssns.lhucHumxA GoviND_ & 8oN, Book.;sellers and Publishers, Kalvadevi, Bombay. · In England. lhssRs. A. CoNSTABLE & Co., 10, Orange Street;. Leicester Square, London, W. C. MEssRs. GniNDL&.Y & Co., 64, Parliament Street, London, S. W. MEsSRS. KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRtrBNBR & Co., 43, Gerrard Street, Soho, London, W. MB. B. QtrABITOH, 11, Grafton Street, New Bond Street, London, W. · ' lhssRs. W. THACKER & Co., 2, Creed Iiane, Ludgate Hill, London, E. 0. MEsSRS. P. S. KING & SoN, 2 & 4, Great Smith Street, Viestminster, London, S. W. MEssas. H. S. KING & Co., 65, Cornhill, London, fj;, C. MR. B. H. BLACKWELL, 60.51, Broad Street, Oxford. MEssas. DEIGHTON BELL & Co., Trinity Street, Cambridge. MR. T. FIBBER UNWIN, 1, Adelphi Terrace, London, W. C. lbssRs. LuZJ.c & Co., 46, Great Russell Street, Lcndon, W. C. On ths Continent. , ' lhssRI. R. FRIEDLANDER & SoBN, 11, Cazlstrasse, Berlin, N. W. 6. )1R. OTTO HARBASSOWITZ, Leipzig. MB. KARL HI:BRSEMANN, 29, Konigsstrassee, Leipzig. MB. E:aNES1' LEROUX, Rue Bon!iparte, Paris • .MJ. M.ABTJNl7~ Nll.J[OJ'.I'e The Ha~e. - BENG&d.L DISTRICT GAZETTE.ERS. HOOGHLY. BENGAL DISTRICT GAZETTEE:F:S. JIOOGHLY. BY L. 8. 8. O'MALLEY, J. - ..... JSDUN CIVIL SBRVICE• .. .. - AND. MONMOHAN CHAKRAVARTI, M.A., B.L., l'BOVI.ISCU.L CIVIL SEBVICB, BENGAL; FELLOW OF THE. A.i!IA.TIO SOCIETY 011' BENGAL j IIIEIIIBB& OF THB ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY OF GBBA.T BBITA.IN, ETC. OA.LOUTTA.: THE BENGAL SECRETARIAT BOOK DEPOT. -1912. PLAN OF CONTENTS· CHAPTER .. ·.PAa~s I. PuYI'\ICAL AsPECTS .. · l-24 II. HISTORY • • • 25-42 III. EARLY EUROPEAN SE1'TLEMENTS • • 43-91 IV'. THE PEOl'LE • 92-110 v. 'CHRISTIAN MISSIONS. • • • • 111-124 VI. PUBLIO HEALTH . 125-134 . VJI.. AoatciJLTURE 135. 149 VI II! NATURAL CALAMI'IIES • . 150-158 IX. CANALs,_DRAtNAGE AND EMR .NKMENTS . 159-·166 X. RENTS, wAGES ·AND PRICES. 167-175 XI. OccuPATIONs, hmusTRIES AND TRADE • . 176 '193 XII. MEANs oF CoMMUNICATioN . 194-205 xur. L\ND REvENUK AoMINisTHATioN . ~06-215 XIV, GElS ERAL ADM:lNlSTRATIO:N .... 216-221 XV. LocAL SELF•OovEBNMENT . 222-229 XVI .. EDUCATION . 2::l0-~42 X VII. GAZET'IEER . 24a 324 INDEX . 325-330 TABJJE QF CONTENTS~ CHAPTER J .. PHYSICAl.. ASPECTS. _PA.GBS. , GE~EBU. DESCBil'TION-Boundaries-Configuration-~ATURAL DIVISIONS-. Upland•-CAtJra-JJowlands-ScENERY-RIVER . SYsTEM-The Hooghly­ Tbe Diimodar-The Dwa•·akeswar-The Riipniriyan- The Gangan or'Bebuli -lhe Konti cr Kini Nadl-1.'be Sarnswati-1'he Rili Kbiil-The Kaoii Damodar-1'he Madiriii Kha:t.-TjJe Besiii-·The Mundeswari-Tbe Kiinii O"'iirnhslll'nr-Tho Amodar and 'fiirajuli Kbiil-CHANGES;IN'THB RIVER CoURSES- The Saraawati -The Diimodar:.....The Kiinii Nadi-Tbe Madiiriii Kbiil-'l'be Diimodar Khil-The Mund~swari-The _Kinii Dwiirakeuar---' General remarks on the Diimodar-l.AxES A:Sv MABSHES-GEOLOGY­ BoT.&NT- ZoOLOGY- Animals- Birds-Reptiles- Fish-CLHf:lTE -Cold season-Hot season-Rainy! season-Rainfall "··· 1-24 CHA.PTER II. HISTORY. PREBISTOBIO PERIOD-EARLY HINDU PERIOD-LATER IlrNDU PE:ai(m-EABLY :MuuAMMAllAN :autE-THB ·AFGHANs-TnE MoGuAl:. BULE~A:P.a:IINISTRA· TIVE cn.-NGES-HOOGHLY- Faujdara -LAST DAYS OF MUGHAJ, BIJ!.E-· Faujdat·a-BRITISH RULE-AncullioLOGY-Hindu remains-:-Muhammadan remains-Christian monuments '. 25-42 CHAPTER ur: EARLY EUROPEAN SETTLEMENTS. EARLY EuRoPEAN TRAVIIL'tERs-THB PoRTUGUESB-TBB DuTOR-'l'HB EsausH-THE D&N..:s-T:us FRBNCH-·THB PnussuNs-Tu:e FLEMISH --VERNACULAR NAMBS ,.·.~ 43-91 .. CHAPTER IV. THE PEOPLE. GROWTH OP POPULATION-CENSUS OF 1901-Density-Migration-Towns and villages-LANGUAGE-Literature-REt lGION-Animists -Christians­ Mnbunt madans-Sheikbs- Ashraf J oli\his -·Hind us-Brahmans-Biigdis­ Kaiba,ttas-Functional cnstes-Kiyasths-i3adgops- HINDU FBSTIVALS- PJ.Af.lli:S OF PIL(!RJMAGE -Mt'liA~~A:PA~ f!!STJV'ALS ••• .,. 9~-109 TABLE OF CONTENTS. CHAPTER .V. CHRISTIAN MISSIONS. PAGES, A.VGUS~INIANS·-JBS'O'ITS-CAPUCHINS-TRB FI:B.ST C:O:.APLAIN AT HOOGHLY •. Cn.&PLAllC'B AT CHINSURA-SERUt:PORB MtssioN-Cnunc11 o:r HNGLAND­ FBEB CHU:B.Cll OP SCOTLAND MISSION· ••• 110-124 CHAPTER VI.· PUBJ.IC HEALTH. CL;:v-ATJC- VITAL S!ATISTICS-Iofan~ile mortality-P:HINCIP.Air NSEASES­ Fever-Burd wiin fever-Cholera-Bo":el .e~mplaint&-Sm all-pox-Plngnc­ Other diaeaaea-Intirmitiea-Leprosy-VACCJN ATION-Inocullltion-MBDI- CAL lNSTITUTIOliS-MEDICAL PBACTITIONERS .• , ... 1~5-134 CHAPTElt VII. A.GRICU LTURE. GE.NERA.L· CONDITIONS..;_RAINP.ALL-SOILB-lRB.I~ATIOB-Wells-Water-lirts- AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS-PBINCIPA.L . CROPs-Itice-Boro--Aua- Wintex:, rice. 7- Pulse~Oil-seeds- J ute-Sogarcane-Tobacco and betel-leaf7 FRUITS-VEGETABLES-MISCELLANEOUS PRODUCTS--EXTENSION O:F Cl:i'L· TJV A.TION-AGRTCULTURAL METHODS~Jm pleman ts-H.otation-Seed- Mao lrt>s-CATTLE-~a_sturage .•• 135-]4.9 CHAPTEH. VIII . .. ' · NATURAL CALAMITIES. : l;t.oons-...F.\1n:8.Es- Famines of 1St~ CentuJ~-:- Famima or 19th Century­ Famine of 1866-Famine of ISH-Liability to fa~ine- EARTRQU:us.:::.. .... CYCLOlCE~-DROUGBTB-BLIGH'IS AND PESTS ••• 150-l5S . ~ - t CllA.PIER IX. CANALS~·, DRAINAGE AND EMBANKMENTS. CANALS_::.Eden Ce.nal-Cilnalization of Kansiki-D:B.AINAGB-Dankuni drainage ·. worki.:...Rajipur drainage works-~:mU.NXMBNTs-History of the embank- menta·.;··:<,; ••• . ••• ... •.. 159-166 CHAPTER X RENTS, WAGES AND PRICES. n BNTS·-wAGES -'J >Wns -Mofossil-Supply of laboor-Pxi CES-Food-grains­ ~Uscell&.neoue- Changes~ l>rices-MATBRJ::AL CONDJTION-lndebtedness ..,l67-l75 TABLE OF CONTEISTS. xi CHAPTER XI. OCCUPATIONS, INDUSTRIES AND TRADE. ~ PAGES. 0CCUPA.TIOlr-Fiehing-INDVSTRIE8-Jute mills-Cotton mills-Other mills­ Brick and tile-making-Small industries-The Ser11mpore harid-loom­ Silk-weaviug-Tuaser-weaving- Mixed fabrics-Rope works- Brass and bell-metal ware-augur munufacturc-Pa}Jer-ruaking-Carpentry-Ohikan work-Miscellaneous-'fRADE-Hi.its and meliia ••• 176~.,193 . CHAPTER XII. MEANS OF COMMJTNICA.TION. RoADs-Old roads-Grand Trunk road-Mursbidiibiid road-Dha~iiikhiili road­ Modern roads-Provincial roads-District Board roads-Village roads­ Inspection bungalow11-Conveyance-WATER COMMUNICATIONS -Ri ver11 and khals-Country bollts-European · veasels-Ferries-R.ULWAYs-,.;.East Indian •. Railw11y-Bengal Provincial Hailw!ly-Light railways-Posr. OF!'ICES-TELBGBAI'll OFFICES ' . ..,19~20S , . •.· CHAPTER XIII. · · .,, LAND REVENUE ADMINISTRATION., REV,J!lrUB HISTORY-LAND TENURBS-Estates7 Pafni ta~uks-{jaras-Rent• ·tree tenUres-Service tenures-Phi~trldars c • ••• • •• 206-215 CHAPTER XIV. GENERAL ADMlNISTRATION. ADMINIS'IBA7ITB CHABGES AND STAFF-Revenue-Land revenue-Excise- ~/ ·' Stamps-Cesses -Income-tax-Registration-ADMINit~TRATION OF Jus.- . ..•. TIOE-Civil Justice-Criminal Justice-POLICE-J.ULS . .'.216-~221 ...... •, CHAPTER XV. LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT. ·. ~. DISTRICT Bo.&Bo-Income-Expenditure-Loq.AL Bo.ABDs-U:N'ION COMMITTEES -MUNIOIPALITIBS-Hooghly-Chinsura-Serampore-A.rimbiigb-Utt a r. pira-Kotrang- Baidy a bii ti-Bhad res war-Bans beriii ••• 222-229 xii TABLE OF CONTEN1'B, CHAPTEH. XVI. EDUCATION. PAGES. P.aoGRESS OP BDUCATION-INSl'EC:riNG STAP:r-COLLBGBS-Hooghly-Uttar• piiri-Sel'&mrore-8ECONDARY BDUCATIOlf-Hgih English .Schools--Middle Scbools-P.RIMARY SCHOOLS-FEMALE BDUCAT!ON-Uttarpari Hitakiri Sabhi--TECHlUCAL ED~CATION-TRUNING s;,llQOLs-P.atVATE SCHOOLS­ MUliUUUDAN EDDCATION-Tola-MESSES AND HOSTELS-LIBRARIES- . NBwSl'Al'.ERS ••• ••• 230-242 CHAPTER XVII. GAZETTEER. · • Ariimbiigh-Arlimbiigh Subdivision-Badanganj-Baidyabiti-Bainchi-Balii· ga ·h~Biili-Ballabhpur-Bandel-B.insb('riii-Bhadruwar- Bbitarga r h­ Chiimpdani-:-Cbandernagore-Cbanditala-Cbinsur.&- Did p-ar Dhaniikbiili · -Dirw~nganj~Dwiirbiisini--Gangadbarpur- Ghir~~ti fr. G!lurhiti-Gogbii.t ,,_ : 7 Guptipirii-Baripil-Hridayriimpur-Hooghly-Sooghly Subdivision­ , \In~hura-:.J anii - ~hiiniikol-Konnagar-Kotrang- KrishnaoagRr-Msgra- -·~ ~ Miihin!d~Mahesb-Mandalaf.:...Mandirao-'Miyapur-Mohsin li' u n d - ~ 'Muhammad Aminpur-Nilikul-Nayii.sarai- Pandui-Phurpburli-Polbi­ l'ursllr--R_iijbalhit-~anchitarii-Sarsa-Sitgion-Seram pore-St:ram p o r e Subdivision--Shcoriiphuli-Singur- Sitipur-Syimbazar -Tiirake s war - Tribeni-Uttar11irii _ •.. , . ~- _ .•. 243-324 !NDBX -• •.. 325-330 IrfUEX. A Balla.bhpur, account of, 313-316; festinl at, 105. Aboriginal races, 97. Bandel, 50, 52, 112, 113, 114, 178, 179, Administration; of land revenue, 206·215; 249 ; account of, 265-268. · - general, 216-221; of justice, 219, Biinsberiii., 123, 124; account of! 250.257; Administrative staff, 216, 219, municipality of, 229. ... Afgbins, waus of, 29-31, ;Barracks at Chinsura, 279, 28Q. ' Agriculture, 135-149. Basket-making, 187. Agricultural statistics, 139; ~ethods, 146 ]' • Hedarrah, battle of, 62. implements, 147. Behulii river, 9. A.ldeen Hou,6, 122, 812, 313. Bell-metafmanufacture, 186. ,4man rice, 140, 141. B~:ngal Lakshmi Cotton Mifls, .. lln~ ., A.modar river, 12, ~engal Provincial Railway, 2oi:; ": ~­ A.nimala, wild, 20. Betel-leaf, cnltivation oF, 143. Animist•, 97. Bbadreswar, account of, 256; dispensary -Antiquarian remains~ 41, 42, at, 132-134; municipality of, 2~8.