Evaluating and Treating the Kidneys
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CATALINA CALIFORNIA QUAIL (Callipepla Californica Catalinensis) Paul W
II SPECIES ACCOUNTS Andy Birch PDF of Catalina California Quail account from: Shuford, W. D., and Gardali, T., editors. 2008. California Bird Species of Special Concern: A ranked assessment of species, subspecies, and distinct populations of birds of immediate conservation concern in California. Studies of Western Birds 1. Western Field Ornithologists, Camarillo, California, and California Department of Fish and Game, Sacramento. California Bird Species of Special Concern CATALINA CALIFORNIA QUAIL (Callipepla californica catalinensis) Paul W. Collins Criteria Scores Population Trend 0 Santa Range Trend 0 Barbara County Population Size 7.5 Range Size 10 Ventura Endemism 10 County Population Concentration 10 Threats 0 Los San Miguel Is. Santa Cruz Is. Angeles County Anacapa Is. Santa Rosa Is. Santa Barbara Is. Santa Catalina Is. San Nicolas Is. San Clemente Is. Current Year-round Range Historic Year-round Range County Boundaries Kilometers 20 10 0 20 Current and historic (ca. 1944) year-round range of the Catalina California Quail. Birds from Santa Catalina Island (perhaps brought by Native Americans) later introduced successfully to Santa Rosa (1935–1940) and Santa Cruz (late 1940s) islands, but unsuccessfully to San Nicolas Island (1962); quail from mainland populations of C. c. californica introduced unsuccessfully to Santa Cruz (prior to 1875) and San Clemente (late 19th century, 1913) islands. Catalina California Quail Studies of Western Birds 1:107–111, 2008 107 Studies of Western Birds No. 1 SPECIAL CONCERN PRIORITY HISTORIC RANGE AND ABUNDANCE Currently considered a Bird Species of Special IN CALIFORNIA Concern (year round), priority 3. This subspecies Grinnell and Miller (1944) described the Catalina was not included on prior special concern lists California Quail as a “common to abundant” (Remsen 1978, CDFG 1992). -
Kidney, Renal Tubule – Dilation
Kidney, Renal Tubule – Dilation Figure Legend: Figure 1 Kidney, Renal tubule - Dilation in a male B6C3F1 mouse from a chronic study. Dilated tubules are noted as tracts running through the cortex and outer medulla. Figure 2 Kidney, Renal tubule - Dilation in a male F344/N rat from a chronic study. Tubule dilation is present throughout the outer stripe of the outer medulla, extending into the cortex. Figure 3 Kidney, Renal tubule - Dilation in a male B6C3F1 mouse from a chronic study. Slight tubule dilation is associated with degeneration and necrosis. Figure 4 Kidney, Renal tubule - Dilation in a male F344/N rat from a chronic study. Tubule dilation is associated with chronic progressive nephropathy. Comment: Renal tubule dilation may occur anywhere along the nephron or collecting duct system. It may occur in focal areas or as tracts running along the entire length of kidney sections (Figure 1). 1 Kidney, Renal Tubule – Dilation Renal tubule dilation may occur from xenobiotic administration, secondary mechanisms, or an unknown pathogenesis (see Kidney – Nephropathy, Obstructive (Figure 2). Dilation may result from direct toxic injury to the tubule epithelium interfering with absorption and secretion (Figure 3). It may also occur secondary to renal ischemia or from prolonged diuresis related to drug administration. Secondary mechanisms of tubule dilation may result from lower urinary tract obstruction, the deposition of tubule crystals, interstitial inflammation and/or fibrosis, and chronic progressive nephropathy (Figure 4). A few dilated tubules may be regarded as normal histologic variation. Recommendation: Renal tubule dilation should be diagnosed and given a severity grade. The location of tubule dilation should be included in the diagnosis as a site modifier. -
Anatomical and Morphological Study of the Kidneys of the Breeding Emu (Dromaius Novaehollandiae)
Turkish Journal of Zoology Turk J Zool (2016) 40: 314-319 http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/zoology/ © TÜBİTAK Research Article doi:10.3906/zoo-1506-21 Anatomical and morphological study of the kidneys of the breeding emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) 1, 2 3 2 3 Katarzyna MICHAŁEK *, Danuta SZCZERBIŃSKA , Marta GRABOWSKA , Danuta MAJEWSKA , Maria LASZCZYŃSKA 1 Department of Physiology, Cytobiology, and Proteomics, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland 2 Department of Poultry and Ornamental Bird Breeding, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland 3 Department of Histology and Developmental Biology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland Received: 15.06.2015 Accepted/Published Online: 05.01.2016 Final Version: 07.04.2016 Abstract: We analyzed 16 kidneys obtained from 15-year-old emus, Dromaius novaehollandiae. Emus were kept at an experimental farm in Poland. The results showed that each kidney was composed of 3 parts: cranial, medial, and caudal divisions. Histological results demonstrated that the kidneys consisted of 2 zones: the cortex and the medulla. The cortex made up the majority of the kidney, while the medulla formed only a small portion of the organ. Proximal and distal tubules and 2 types of glomeruli (looped and loopless) were localized in the cortex. Each of these glomeruli was characterized by tightly arranged mesangial cells. Proximal and distal tubules had a distinctive simple low cuboidal epithelium. The luminal surface of the proximal tubules had a brush border membrane, formed by numerous microvilli. The renal medulla of emu kidneys formed irregularly positioned characteristic cones of different sizes. -
Birds of the Mendocino National Forest Compiled by Chuck Vaughn, Jerry White, and David Woodward Updated June 2007
Birds of the Mendocino National Forest compiled by Chuck Vaughn, Jerry White, and David Woodward updated June 2007 (R) Resident; (SV) Summer Visitor; (WV) Winter Visitor; (T) Transient, (M) Migrant Common Name Scientific Name Snow Goose Chen caerulescens (M) Mallard Anas platyrhynchos (R) Wood Duck Aix sponsa (R) Common Merganser Mergus merganser (R) Sooty Grouse Dendragapus fuliginosus (R) Wild Turkey Meleagris gallopavo (R and SV) Mountain Quail Oreortyx pictus (R) California Quail Callipepla californica (R) Turkey Vulture Cathartes aura (R and SV) Osprey Pandion haliaetus (SV) Bald Eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus (WV) Northern Harrier Circus cyaneus (SV and WV) Sharp-shinned Hawk Accipiter striatus (R and WV) Cooper's Hawk Accipiter cooperii (R and WV) Northern Goshawk Accipiter gentilis (R) Swainson's Hawk Buteo swainsoni (T) Red-tailed Hawk Buteo jamaicensis (R) Rough-legged Hawk Buteo lagopus (WV) Golden Eagle Aguila chrysaetos (R) American Kestrel Falco sparverius (R) Merlin Falco columbarius (WV) Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus (R) Prairie Falcon Falco mexicanus (WV) Killdeer Charadrius vociferous (R) Spotted Sandpiper Actitis macularia (R and SV) Band-tailed Pigeon Columba fasciata (R and WV) Mourning Dove Zenaida macroura (R and SV) Greater Roadrunner Geococcyx californianus (R) Barn Owl Tyto alba (R) Flammulated Owl Otus flammeolus (SV) Western Screech-Owl Otus kennicottii (R) Great Horned Owl Bubo virginianus (R) Northern Pygmy-Owl Glaucidium gnoma (R) Spotted Owl Strix occidentalis (R) Long-eared Owl Asio otus (SV) Northern -
Tinamiformes – Falconiformes
LIST OF THE 2,008 BIRD SPECIES (WITH SCIENTIFIC AND ENGLISH NAMES) KNOWN FROM THE A.O.U. CHECK-LIST AREA. Notes: "(A)" = accidental/casualin A.O.U. area; "(H)" -- recordedin A.O.U. area only from Hawaii; "(I)" = introducedinto A.O.U. area; "(N)" = has not bred in A.O.U. area but occursregularly as nonbreedingvisitor; "?" precedingname = extinct. TINAMIFORMES TINAMIDAE Tinamus major Great Tinamou. Nothocercusbonapartei Highland Tinamou. Crypturellus soui Little Tinamou. Crypturelluscinnamomeus Thicket Tinamou. Crypturellusboucardi Slaty-breastedTinamou. Crypturellus kerriae Choco Tinamou. GAVIIFORMES GAVIIDAE Gavia stellata Red-throated Loon. Gavia arctica Arctic Loon. Gavia pacifica Pacific Loon. Gavia immer Common Loon. Gavia adamsii Yellow-billed Loon. PODICIPEDIFORMES PODICIPEDIDAE Tachybaptusdominicus Least Grebe. Podilymbuspodiceps Pied-billed Grebe. ?Podilymbusgigas Atitlan Grebe. Podicepsauritus Horned Grebe. Podicepsgrisegena Red-neckedGrebe. Podicepsnigricollis Eared Grebe. Aechmophorusoccidentalis Western Grebe. Aechmophorusclarkii Clark's Grebe. PROCELLARIIFORMES DIOMEDEIDAE Thalassarchechlororhynchos Yellow-nosed Albatross. (A) Thalassarchecauta Shy Albatross.(A) Thalassarchemelanophris Black-browed Albatross. (A) Phoebetriapalpebrata Light-mantled Albatross. (A) Diomedea exulans WanderingAlbatross. (A) Phoebastriaimmutabilis Laysan Albatross. Phoebastrianigripes Black-lootedAlbatross. Phoebastriaalbatrus Short-tailedAlbatross. (N) PROCELLARIIDAE Fulmarus glacialis Northern Fulmar. Pterodroma neglecta KermadecPetrel. (A) Pterodroma -
AFA's Avian Research Fund Is Growing
AFA in action... NEWSandVIEWS AUGUST 1990 "Becoming involved and taking action are the key steps to Bahamas' "Parrot Lady" environmental solutions," said Willis 1. Price, president of Chevron U.S.A., sponsor of the program since 1986. "Chevron Receives National is proud to support a program that recognizes the importance of balancing conservation achievements with economic progress." The 1990 honorees, from the public, private and nonprofit sec Conservation Award tors, represent a cross section of people and organizations from 20 states. Their backgrounds vary widely, ranging from leaders Unsung Environmental Heroes of various conservation groups to a Michigan eye surgeon, Kan Honored in Program's 36th Year sas courier service employee, former Florida commercial fisher man and Hawaiian park ranger. Together, they share one com mon trait - the genuine commitment needed to achieve envir SAN FRANCISCO, May lO,1990-Rosemarie S. Gnam of onmental results. Ridgewood, New York, has received a 1990 Chevron Conserva Each of the 25 honorees will receive a $1,000 cash award, a tion Award for her research of the endangered Bahama parrot. A bronze plaque commemorating their conservation work and a doctoral student in biology at the City University of New York, trip to Washington, D.C. Gnam became known as the "Parrot Lady of the Bahamas" for Nominations were submitted for this award in three categor her efforts in educating and involving the island's residents in ies: Professional, Citizen Volunteer or Nonprofit Organization/ protection of the bird. Through her research findings, the Public Agency. Two endorsement letters, a brief biographical Bahama government is now considering a 15,OOO-acre reserve sketch of the nominee and collateral materials accompanied for the parrot and the Cuban government has invited her to each nomination, which were evaluated by an independent com advise scientists about the protection of the threatened Cuban mittee of distinguished conservationists. -
Antarctica, the Falklands and South Georgia 30Th Anniversary Cruise Naturetrek Tour Report 20 January – 11 February 2016
Antarctica, The Falklands and South Georgia 30th Anniversary Cruise Naturetrek Tour Report 20 January – 11 February 2016 Black-browed Albatross by Tim Melling The King Penguin colony at St Andrew’s Bay by Peter Dunn Gentoo Penguins on Saunders’s Island by Peter Dunn Humpback Whale by Tim Melling Report compiled by Simon Cook and Tim Melling Images by Peter Dunn, Tim Melling & Martin Beaton Naturetrek Mingledown Barn Wolf's Lane Chawton Alton Hampshire GU34 3HJ UK T: +44 (0)1962 733051 E: [email protected] W: www.naturetrek.co.uk Antarctica, The Falklands and South Georgia Tour Report Naturetrek Staff: David Mills, Paul Stanbury, Nick Acheson, Tim Melling, Martin Beaton & Peter Dunn Ship’s Crew: Captain Ernesto Barria Chile Michael Frauendorfer Austria Hotel Manager Dejan Nikolic - Serbia Asst. Hotel Manager Chris Gossak - Austria Head Chef Khabir Moraes - India Sous Chef, Veronique Verhoeven - Belgium Ship’s Physician Little Mo - Wales Ice Pilot Oceanwide Expeditions: Andrew Bishop – Tasmania Expedition Leader Troels Jacobsen - Denmark Asst. Expedition Leader Expedition Guides: Mick Brown Ireland Johannes (Jo) Koch Canada Mario Acquarone Italy Marie-Anne Blanchet France Simon Cook Wales Plus 105 Naturetrek wildlife enthusiasts. Day 1 Thursday 21st January Costanera Sur, Buenos Aires, Argentina After an overnight flight from Heathrow we arrived in Buenos Aires where we were met by David and Paul. We boarded four coaches to reach our next airport, but en route we stopped for lunch at a wonderful wetland reserve called Costanera Sur. The water was filled with a bewildering variety of waterbirds: Coscoroba Swans, Southern Screamers, Silver Teals, Rosybills, White-tufted Grebes, Red-gartered Coots, Wattled Jacanas, Limpkins, Giant Wood Rail, Rufescent Tiger Heron and a tiny Stripe-backed Bittern. -
Provisional List of Birds of the Rio Tahuauyo Areas, Loreto, Peru
Provisional List of Birds of the Rio Tahuauyo areas, Loreto, Peru Compiled by Carol R. Foss, Ph.D. and Josias Tello Huanaquiri, Guide Status based on expeditions from Tahuayo Logde and Amazonia Research Center TINAMIFORMES: Tinamidae 1. Great Tinamou Tinamus major 2. White- throated Tinamou Tinamus guttatus 3. Cinereous Tinamou Crypturellus cinereus 4. Little Tinamou Crypturellus soui 5. Undulated Tinamou Crypturellus undulates 6. Variegated Tinamou Crypturellus variegatus 7. Bartlett’s Tinamou Crypturellus bartletti ANSERIFORMES: Anhimidae 8. Horned Screamer Anhima cornuta ANSERIFORMES: Anatidae 9. Muscovy Duck Cairina moschata 10. Blue-winged Teal Anas discors 11. Masked Duck Nomonyx dominicus GALLIFORMES: Cracidae 12. Spix’s Guan Penelope jacquacu 13. Blue-throated Piping-Guan Pipile cumanensis 14. Speckled Chachalaca Ortalis guttata 15. Wattled Curassow Crax globulosa 16. Razor-billed Curassow Mitu tuberosum GALLIFORMES: Odontophoridae 17. Marbled Wood-Quall Odontophorus gujanensis 18. Starred Wood-Quall Odontophorus stellatus PELECANIFORMES: Phalacrocoracidae 19. Neotropic Cormorant Phalacrocorax brasilianus PELECANIFORMES: Anhingidae 20. Anhinga Anhinga anhinga CICONIIFORMES: Ardeidae 21. Rufescent Tiger-Heron Tigrisoma lineatum 22. Agami Heron Agamia agami 23. Boat-billed Heron Cochlearius cochlearius 24. Zigzag Heron Zebrilus undulatus 25. Black-crowned Night-Heron Nycticorax nycticorax 26. Striated Heron Butorides striata 27. Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis 28. Cocoi Heron Ardea cocoi 29. Great Egret Ardea alba 30. Cappet Heron Pilherodius pileatus 31. Snowy Egret Egretta thula 32. Little Blue Heron Egretta caerulea CICONIIFORMES: Threskiornithidae 33. Green Ibis Mesembrinibis cayennensis 34. Roseate Spoonbill Platalea ajaja CICONIIFORMES: Ciconiidae 35. Jabiru Jabiru mycteria 36. Wood Stork Mycteria Americana CICONIIFORMES: Cathartidae 37. Turkey Vulture Cathartes aura 38. Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture Cathartes burrovianus 39. -
Syllabus METAL ION EXCESS TOXICITY
Syllabus Metalionexcesstoxicity-Feexcesstoxicity-Africansiderosis,hemosiderosis, hemochromatosis(bronzediabetes)anddetoxification.Cuexcesstoxicity:Wilson’sdisease andtreatment. Heavymetaliontoxicity:Hg,Pb,Cd,Astoxiceffects–mechanismoftoxiceffects.Heavy metaltoxicitytreatment-chelationtherapy:chelatingagentsforHg,Pb,Cd,Astoxicity. Metalcomplexesasdrugs:cis-plainasanticanceragent:mechanismofactionandside effects;goldcomplexesasantiarthriticdrugs-chrysotherapy.Metalcomplexesindiagnosis- Gdcomplexesinmagneticresonanceimaging(MRI). METALIONEXCESSTOXICITY Ironexcesstoxicity ü ItisduetoaccidentalintakeofFeSO4tabletscausingerosionofthegastrointestinal tract. ü Hemochomatosisisageneticdisorder,depositionofironoccursinvitalorganslike liver,spleen,pancreas,skinetc.Itleadstobronzepigmentationontheskiniscalled bronzediabetes. ü Siderosis(depositionofFeOdustinthelungs)isassociatedwithexcessofiron. ü AfricansiderosisisanironoverloaddisorderfirstobservedamongpeopleofSouthern AfricaandCentralAfrica.Dietaryironoverloadistheconsumptionoflargeamount ofhome-brewedbeerwithhighamountofironcontentinit. Detoxification : Siderophore desferrioxamine is a chelating antidote used for Fe removal Coppertoxicity Copper is a principal component of several metalloproteins and some naturally occurring pigments.Ahealthyadultpossessescopperbetween200to300mgandthehighestamountis concentratedin the locus of brain. Wilson’sdiseaseand Menkes’ kinky hair syndromeare associatedwithageneticdisorderinthemetabolismofcopper. Wilson’sdisease ü In Wilson'sdisease,the copper-content -
Chelation Therapy
Corporate Medical Policy Chelation Therapy File Name: chelation_therapy Origination: 12/1995 Last CAP Review: 2/2021 Next CAP Review: 2/2022 Last Review: 2/2021 Description of Procedure or Service Chelation therapy is an established treatment for the removal of metal toxins by converting them to a chemically inert form that can be excreted in the urine. Chelation therapy comprises intravenous or oral administration of chelating agents that remove metal ions such as lead, aluminum, mercury, arsenic, zinc, iron, copper, and calcium from the body. Specific chelating agents are used for particular heavy metal toxicities. For example, desferroxamine (not Food and Drug Administration [FDA] approved) is used for patients with iron toxicity, and calcium-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is used for patients with lead poisoning. Note that disodium-EDTA is not recommended for acute lead poisoning due to the increased risk of death from hypocalcemia. Another class of chelating agents, called metal protein attenuating compounds (MPACs), is under investigation for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease, which is associated with the disequilibrium of cerebral metals. Unlike traditional systemic chelators that bind and remove metals from tissues systemically, MPACs have subtle effects on metal homeostasis and abnormal metal interactions. In animal models of Alzheimer’s disease, they promote the solubilization and clearance of β-amyloid protein by binding to its metal-ion complex and also inhibit redox reactions that generate neurotoxic free radicals. MPACs therefore interrupt two putative pathogenic processes of Alzheimer’s disease. However, no MPACs have received FDA approval for treating Alzheimer’s disease. Chelation therapy has also been investigated as a treatment for other indications including atherosclerosis and autism spectrum disorder. -
Nr 1. Each Patient Suffering from Acute Coronary Syndrome Must Be Treated With
SED - 3 - VERSION I February 2009 Nr 1. Each patient suffering from acute coronary syndrome must be treated with: A. Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). B. ASA or clopidogrel. C. ASA and clopidogrel. D. depending on the type of myocardial infarction – ASA and clopidogrel or ASA only. E. depending on the mode of treatment (invasive vs noninvasive) – ASA and clopidogrel or ASA only. Nr 2. A patient in the class IV of Killip-Kimball classification has: A. pulmonary oedema. B. cardiogenic shock. C. blood retention (haemostasis) below the level of inferior angles of scapulae. D. no signs of heart insufficiency. E. chronic heart insufficiency, previously at least in NYHA class III. Nr 3. Schőnlein-Henoch purpura is a vasculitis that: A. is characterized by nephritic syndrome with cANCA antibodies. B. may present as rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. C. is often accompanied by granulomas in the lungs. D. is typically treated by a surgical excision of granuloma. E. is typically treated by nephrectomy of the kidney with granulomas. Nr 4. Which of the below given drugs can cause hyperkalemia? 1) angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. 2) loop diuretics. 3) aldosterone antagonist. 4) thiazide. 5) indapamide. The correct answer is: A. 1,3. B. 1,2,3. C. 1,3,4. D. 1,3,5. E. all of the above. Nr 5. Which of the below is an absolute contraindication to thrombolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction: A. age above 75. B. suspected dissecting aortic aneurysm. C. past cerebral stroke 2 years ago. D. high blood pressure >175/110 mmHg. E. invasive cardiology unit available on duty, which can be reached within 90 minutes. -
Revisiting Hemochromatosis: Genetic Vs
731 Review Article on Unresolved Basis Issues in Hepatology Page 1 of 16 Revisiting hemochromatosis: genetic vs. phenotypic manifestations Gregory J. Anderson1^, Edouard Bardou-Jacquet2 1Iron Metabolism Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; 2Liver Disease Department, University of Rennes and French Reference Center for Hemochromatosis and Iron Metabolism Disease, Rennes, France Contributions: (I) Conception and design: Both authors; (II) Administrative support: None; (III) Provision of study materials or patients: None; (IV) Collection and assembly of data: None; (V) Data analysis and interpretation: None; (VI) Manuscript writing: Both authors; (VII) Final approval of manuscript: Both authors. Correspondence to: Gregory J. Anderson. Iron Metabolism Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia. Email: [email protected]. Abstract: Iron overload disorders represent an important class of human diseases. Of the primary iron overload conditions, by far the most common and best studied is HFE-related hemochromatosis, which results from homozygosity for a mutation leading to the C282Y substitution in the HFE protein. This disease is characterized by reduced expression of the iron-regulatory hormone hepcidin, leading to increased dietary iron absorption and iron deposition in multiple tissues including the liver, pancreas, joints, heart and pituitary. The phenotype of HFE-related hemochromatosis is quite variable, with some individuals showing little or no evidence of increased body iron, yet others showing severe iron loading, tissue damage and clinical sequelae. The majority of genetically predisposed individuals show at least some evidence of iron loading (increased transferrin saturation and serum ferritin), but a minority show clinical symptoms and severe consequences are rare.