Four Generations Working Together in the Workforce and in Higher Education
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East Tennessee State University Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University Electronic Theses and Dissertations Student Works 5-2011 Four Generations Working Together in the Workforce and in Higher Education. Lisa Anne Speer East Tennessee State University Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.etsu.edu/etd Part of the Educational Sociology Commons Recommended Citation Speer, Lisa Anne, "Four Generations Working Together in the Workforce and in Higher Education." (2011). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 1244. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1244 This Dissertation - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Works at Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Four Generations Working Together in the Workforce and in Higher Education __________________ A dissertation presented to the faculty of the Department of Educational Leadership and Policy Analysis East Tennessee State University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Education __________________ by Lisa Hemmert Speer May 2011 __________________ Dr. Catherine Glascock, Chair Dr. Cecil Blankenship Dr. Louise Mackay Dr. Terrence Tollefson Keywords: baby boomers, diversity, generation X, generation Y, lifelong learning, traditionalists, qualitative research ABSTRACT Four Generations Working Together in the Workforce and in Higher Education by Lisa Hemmert Speer The purpose of this study was to help the reader hear and begin to understand each of the 4 generations, resulting in an awareness of how each generation perceived the world in general, and specifically its perception of work in an academic setting. The researcher studied 4 participants currently or formerly involved in the higher education environment; each represented one of the 4 generations examined and was studied through stories, autobiography, notes, conversations, interviews, family stories, and life experiences. Today’s American workforce is unique in that never before has there been such a diverse group of individuals working together. Research suggests that the mixing of race, gender, ethnicity, and generation in the workforce of today is remarkable. First, the 4 generations in this qualitative study were identified. For this study, the generations were known as The Veterans or Traditionalists born approximately between 1922 and 1945, The Baby Boomers born approximately between 1946 and 1964, Generation X born approximately between 1965 and 1980, and Generation Y born approximately between 1981 and 2000. After the collection and analysis of the 3 sets of data (interactive interviewing, written descriptions, and descriptive observations), the researcher created a coding and catalog content analysis. Much of the researcher’s work consisted of a process method of analysis to discover 2 characteristics and patterns similar to the 4 generations represented in the qualitative Narrative Inquiry methodology. Through the narrative inquiry method of this qualitative study, the examination of multiple generations within the workforce produced more similarities than differences. Common ground spanning over 80 years was evident more often than not. All 4 generations ultimately wanted the same thing with regard to their jobs: an enjoyable job, fulfillment and purpose, good benefits and pay, a perspective on what is important, respect, stability in the company and job, validation, and appreciation (Gibson, 2009). 3 COPYRIGHT Copyright© 2011 by Lisa Hemmert Speer All Rights Reserved. 4 DEDICATION This study is dedicated to my daughter Abigail Lee Speer and to my father Richard Lee Hemmert. Though they are no longer with us physically; spiritually their legacy of love, courage, and strength will never fade. For this, I am forever grateful. 5 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS THANK YOU: To my wonderful family, Mom, Ryan, Julie, Kristen, Jasmine, Kaden, and Eleanor, who remained patient and supportive during my graduate school and dissertation writing journey… and to Dad and Abby (in memoriam) for being my biggest cheerleaders! To my Committee: Dr. Catherine Glascock for her unending guidance and inspiration; Dr. Louise MacKay for being a wise mentor and a dear friend; Dr. Terry Tollefson for his wisdom and kindness; Dr. Cecil Blankenship for his helpfulness and enthusiasm; To Dr. Glenn Bettis for inspiring my topic and encouraging my efforts; To the four research participants of this study for your time and sharing; you are truly the heart of my dissertation; To ELPA Faculty for the opportunities and encouragement given to me; To Betty Ann Proffitt and Joanna Wicker for propping me up and keeping me going; To ELPA Doctoral Fellows: You will always be family… Oh, the experiences we have had! And; To Dr. Sheila P. Smith for sharing her editing and writing expertise. 6 CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT........................................................................................................................... 2 COPYRIGHT......................................................................................................................... 4 DEDICATION....................................................................................................................... 5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS................................................................................................... 6 LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................... 14 Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 15 Generational Differences ........................................................................................... 17 The Generations......................................................................................................... 18 The Traditionalists (Veterans) ................................................................................... 18 Baby Boomers............................................................................................................ 19 Generation X.............................................................................................................. 20 Generation Y (Millennials)........................................................................................ 21 Statement of the Problem........................................................................................... 21 Research Questions.................................................................................................... 22 Significance of the Study........................................................................................... 23 Research Approach ........................................................................................ 26 Limitations ................................................................................................................. 26 Definition of Terms.................................................................................................... 28 Organization of the Study .......................................................................................... 29 2. LITERATURE REVIEW .............................................................................................. 30 Introduction................................................................................................................ 30 Higher Education ........................................................................................... 30 7 Professional Workforce ................................................................................. 32 Generational Shifts..................................................................................................... 33 Learning Styles Within Higher Education..................................................... 33 Generational Merging ................................................................................................ 35 Digital Media or Traditional Media............................................................... 35 Generational Divergence ........................................................................................... 36 Generational Gap in Higher Education.......................................................... 37 Age Diversity Among Generations................................................................ 38 Generational Learning in Educational Environments................................................ 39 Changes in Generational Learning................................................................. 39 Generational Learning Perspectives .............................................................. 40 Lifelong Learning ...................................................................................................... 41 Learning and Development Within the Workplace ....................................... 41 Professional Development Among Generations............................................ 42 Effective Communication Among Generations............................................. 43 Learning Styles Across Generations in Higher Education ........................................ 44 Learning Styles .............................................................................................. 44 Generational Characteristics Within the Work Environment .......................