Land Adjacent to 255 Gunville Road, Newport, Isle of Wight

ARCHAEOLOGICAL DESK-BASED ASSESSMENT:

LAND ADJACENT TO 255 GUNVILLE ROAD, NEWPORT, ISLE OF WIGHT

Planning Reference: P/00354/18 NGR: SZ 47897 89264 AAL Site Code: NEGR 20

Report prepared for Yarborough Homes Limited

By Allen Archaeology Limited Report Number AAL 2020112

October 2020

Contents

Executive Summary ...... 1 1.0 Introduction ...... 2 2.0 Site Location and Description ...... 2 3.0 Planning Background ...... 2 National Planning Policy ...... 3 Local Planning Policy ...... 3 4.0 Methodology ...... 4 Data Collection ...... 4 5.0 Archaeological and Historical Background ...... 5 6.0 Site Visit...... 9 7.0 Assessment of Significance ...... 12 Non-designated assets ...... 13 8.0 Assessment of Impact ...... 13 Listed Buildings ...... 13 Non-designated assets ...... 13 9.0 Discussion and Conclusions ...... 14 10.0 Acknowledgements ...... 14 11.0 References ...... 14 Cartographic Sources ...... 15

List of Plates

Plate 1: Map of Isle of Wight dating to 1600, with approximate site location circled in red ...... 6 Plate 2: Johan Bleau Map of Isle of Wight 1646, with approximate site location circled in red ...... 7 Plate 3: View of site from the entry point, looking west ...... 9 Plate 4: Hedge that separates the northern extent of site, looking north-northwest ...... 10 Plate 5: View from the northeast corner of site showing topography, looking southwest ...... 10 Plate 6: View of hedges surrounding site, looking northwest ...... 10 Plate 7: Entrance into adjoining field, looking west ...... 11 Plate 8: View of Gunville Road crossing Gunville Bridge, looking north-northwest ...... 11 Plate 9: Gunville Bridge (Site 9), looking west-southwest ...... 12

List of Appendices

Appendix 1: List of IoWHER Entries within a 1km search area ...... 16

Appendix 2: Figures ...... 24

List of Figures

Figure 1: Site location outlined in red ...... 24 Figure 2: Location and direction of site visit photographs with site outlined in red ...... 25 Figure 3: Extract of HER data with site outlined in red ...... 26 Figure 4: Extract of 1m resolution LIDAR hillshade with site outlined in red ...... 27 Figure 5: Extract of 1793 Ordnance Survey Drawing with approximate site location circled in red .... 28 Figure 6: Extract of 1865 Ordnance Survey map with site outlined in red ...... 29 Figure 7: Extract of 1898 Ordnance Survey map with site outlined in red ...... 30 Figure 8: Extract of 1909 Ordnance Survey map with site outlined in red ...... 31 Figure 9: Extract of 1938 Ordnance Survey map with site outlined in red ...... 32

Document Control

Element: Name: Date: Report prepared by: Louise Clempson MSci (Hons) 07/10/2020 Illustrations prepared by: Louise Clempson MSci (Hons) 07/10/2020 Report edited by: Chris Clay BA MA (Hons) 16/10/2020 Report reviewed by: Matt Parker Wooding MPhil MCIfA 16/10/2020 Version no: v.1 16/10/2020

Cover image: View of site, looking northeast

Executive Summary

• Yarborough Homes Limited commissioned Allen Archaeology Limited to prepare a desk-based assessment to evaluate the potential for archaeological remains and heritage assets to be impacted by a proposed development of land adjacent to 255 Gunville Road, Newport, as a condition of planning for a planning application for twelve residential dwellings and garages as well as formation of new vehicular access, associated roadway, pavement and landscaping (Planing Reference P/00354/18).

• Data was gathered from a range of primary and secondary sources, including The Isle of Wight Historic Environment Record, historic maps, online resources and a site visit.

• There is little evidence of prehistoric activity within the search area, two out of three sites being isolated find spots and one site of an artefact scatter, all at some distance from the site, suggesting a negligible archaeological potential.

• There is significant evidence for Roman settlement, agriculture and industry across the Isle of Wight as a whole but none within the search area suggesting a negligible archaeological potential.

• There is no evidence for early medieval activity within the search area, suggesting a negligible potential for this period as well.

• Medieval activity within the search area is represented by Alwinestune, a deserted medieval village, mentioned in Domesday Book, and the site of a leper hospital. The village of Hadley which no longer exists and was located close to what is now Carisbrooke was also mentioned in the Domesday Book. The site of the leper hospital is in dispute and has been suggested to be either 400m to the east, or 200m to the south. Archaeological potential for this period is considered to be low

• There is widespread evidence for post-medieval farmsteads and dwellings, but cartographic evidence suggests the site remained as agricultural land throughout the medieval and later periods until the present day, suggesting a negligible archaeological potential for these periods.

1.0 Introduction

1.1 Allen Archaeology Limited was commissioned by Yarborough Homes Limited to prepare a desk-based assessment to evaluate the archaeological potential of land adjacent to 225 Gunville Road, Newport, Isle of Wight, to fulfil the planning condition issued in response to the application for residential development of the plot of land.

1.2 The document has been completed with reference to current national guidelines, as set out in the Chartered Institute for Archaeologists ‘Standard and guidance for historic environment desk-based assessment’ (CIfA 2014), and the Historic England documents ‘Management of Research Projects in the Historic Environment’ (Historic England 2015a) and ‘Historic Environment Good Practice Advice in Planning’ (Historic England 2015b).

2.0 Site Location and Description

2.1 The proposed development site is located in Gunville, in the administrative district of Isle of Wight Council, situated approximately 2.4km west of Newport. The site is approximately 0.62 hectares and is presently pasture. The site is centred at National Grid Reference (NGR) SZ 47897 89264 and is c.20m above Ordnance Datum.

2.2 The bedrock geology comprises Hamstead Member - clay, silt and sand with no superficial geology deposits recorded (http://mapapps.bgs.ac.uk/geologyofbritain/home.html).

3.0 Planning Background

3.1 This desk-based assessment has been prepared to fulfil Planning Condition 3 of application P/00354/18 for 12 residential dwellings and garages as well as formation of new vehicular access, associated roadway, pavement and landscaping. This is the first stage of archaeological investigation, intended to provide detailed information that will allow the planning authority to make an informed decision as to whether further archaeological investigations will be required prior to or following the proposed development construction phase.

3.2 Condition 3 states:

Development shall not begin until an assessment of the archaeological potential of the site and the potential impact of the development on archaeology has been submitted to and approved in writing by the Local Planning Authority. The submitted assessment shall include details of the land use(s) of the site during the 19th and 20th centuries and, if necessary, measures to avoid or mitigate for any impacts of the development on features of archaeological interest. Development shall be carried out in accordance with the approved details and any agreed avoidance and/or mitigation measures.

Reason: To ensure any features of archaeological interest that may be present are protected or preserved for posterity in accordance with the aims of policy DM11 (Historic and Built Environment) of the Island Plan Core Strategy and the National Planning Policy Framework.

National Planning Policy 3.3 The revised National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) was published in February 2019 (Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government 2019).

3.4 The relevant sections of the NPPF (Department for Communities and Local Government 2018) concerning archaeological and cultural heritage assets, are Paragraphs 187 and 189 of ‘Section 16. Conserving and enhancing the historic environment’. Paragraph 189 has special relevance concerning the responsibilities of planning applicant:

‘In determining applications, local planning authorities should require an applicant to describe the significance of any heritage assets affected, including contribution made by their setting. The level of detail should be proportionate to the assets’ importance and no more than is sufficient to understand the potential impact of the proposal on their significance. As a minimum the relevant historic environment record should have been consulted and the heritage assets assessed using appropriate expertise where necessary. Where a site on which development is proposed includes or has the potential to include heritage assets with archaeological interest, local planning authorities should require developers to submit an appropriate desk-based assessment and, where necessary, a field evaluation’.

Local Planning Policy 3.5 The Island Plan Core Strategy was adopted by the Isle of Wight Council on the 21st March 2012. As well as the Core Policy, the Council has produced guidance notes which aim to provide clarity for developers, agents and architects and other interested parties on matters contained within the Island Plan Core Strategy.

3.6 The relevant policy of the Island Plan Core Strategy (Isle of Wight Council 2012) concerning archaeological and cultural heritage assets is Policy DM11:

Policy DM11 Historic and Built Environment

The Council will support proposals that positively conserve and enhance the special character of the Island’s historic and built environment.

Development proposals will be expected to:

1. Deliver economic led regeneration.

2. Relate to the continued use, maintenance, rescue/refurbishment, repair and re-use of heritage assets and historic places, especially where identified as being at risk, or likely to become at risk.

3. Relate to the conservation, enhancement and enjoyment of the Island’s heritage assets and public realm.

4. Consider and balance the relationship between the quality of place, economic, social and environmental characteristics.

5. Be informed by sufficient evidence to reveal impacts upon the significance of heritage assets and their settings which may include the Council’s Conservation Area Appraisals and Management Plans and the Local List Supplementary Planning Document.

The demolition or substantial harm to non-designated heritage assets and their settings, which make a positive contribution to the special character and/or local identity of an area, will be resisted.

Demolition or substantial harm to designated heritage assets and their settings will only be permitted in exceptional or wholly exceptional circumstances. Depending on their significance and only once a lack of appropriate viable alternatives to demolition or substantial alteration have been demonstrated. Consent will be refused unless it can be demonstrated that:

i. The substantial harm to or loss of significance is necessary in order to deliver substantial public benefits that outweigh that harm or loss; or

ii. a. the nature of the heritage asset prevents all reasonable uses of the site; and

b. no viable use of the heritage asset itself can be found in the medium term that will enable its conservation; and

c. conservation through grant-funding or some form of charitable or public ownership is not possible; and

d. the harm to, or loss of, the heritage asset is outweighed by the benefits of bringing the site back into use.

Isle of Wight Council 2018 SHLAA Site Assessments

3.7 The site is contained within the Isle of Wight Strategic Housing and Land Allocations Assessment. The site is classified as deliverable and that there are no known designated heritage constraints. The plot is IPS342: Land off Gunville Road, (west) Newport and the site allocation includes the area to the west of the current site.

4.0 Methodology

Data Collection 4.1 A full range of primary and secondary archaeological and historical sources were consulted in the preparation of this document. The sources consulted were as follows:

• The Isle of Wight County Historic Environment Record (IoWHER) – a database of archaeological sites and artefacts, listed buildings and Scheduled Monuments. A search of this resource was undertaken for a study area extending 1km from the centre of the site.

• Available historic maps were investigated including former editions of Ordnance Survey maps of the development area.

• Allen Archaeology’s own reference library – secondary sources pertaining to the archaeology and history of the region.

• A site visit was carried out on 16th September 2020 in order to assess the present situation of the development area, to identify any areas where

the potential archaeological resource may be particularly well preserved or damaged by recent development, and to observe the site in its landscape context.

4.2 Each archaeological and historic site and Listed Building identified in the study area has been allocated a one or two digit ‘Site’ number and assigned to a specific period according to the definitions outlined on the English Heritage Periods List (formerly the Royal Commission on the Historical Monuments of England (RCHME) Archaeological Periods List). These sites are described in the Archaeological and Historical Background section (See Section 5.0 below). Further details are provided for each site in Appendix 1, and where applicable the sites are depicted on Figure 3.

5.0 Archaeological and Historical Background

5.1 The proposed development site is located within the Northern Lowlands Historic Environment Action Plan (HEAP) (IoWC 2008). The coastal and estuarine zones within this part of the Isle of Wight have been identified for their important roles during the prehistoric periods. However, evidence from the inland areas indicate that settlement activity was scarce. Despite this, analysis of pollen has provided evidence of significant human changes to woodland, specifically during the Neolithic period, perhaps to form areas for agriculture or to encourage openings in the forest for animals to exploit (IoWC 2008).

5.2 Evidence of prehistoric activity within the study area is limited. Three sites are identified, all being find spots (Sites 1-3) and all over 500m away from the development site. The earliest dated evidence is for the late Neolithic period and is a scatter of lithics including worked flint (Site 1). The other two sites are isolated finds of the Iron Age period; an ivory weaving comb (Site 2) and a silver stater (Site 3).

5.3 No evidence for the Roman period or early medieval is present within the study area. However, there is evidence of activity of both dates within the wider area, including a presumed Roman fortification and subsequent Saxon burh at Carisbrooke Castle, c.1.7km to the south of the proposed development area (Hopkins 2004).

5.4 Alvington deserted medieval village (DMV) is located approximately 700m southwest of the development area and is recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 (Site 4). It is documented as having six acres and two mills; with a population of ten households in 1086 (Williams and Martin 2002). The lord of the manor in 1066 is named as Dunn, with King William becoming lord and tenant in chief by 1086. Neither Gunville nor Newport are present in the Domesday Book. However, Hadley, which no longer survives, was located approximately 1km southeast of the development site close to what is now Carisbrooke. It also had a population of ten households. Cypping was lord in 1066, with King Edward being overlord and replaced by King William as lord and tenant in chief by 1086 (Williams and Martin 2002).

5.5 Documentary evidence has established that a leper hospital was located close to Gunville (Site 5). The IoWHER places it c.500m east of the development plot. However, other sources have postulated that it was located at St Augustine’s Gate (Site 8), given that the chapel was dedicated to St Augustin and belonging to the Priory of Carisbrooke, under the description “Capella Sancti Augustini pro leprosis” (Worlsey 1781). This places the leper hospital approximately c.200m south of the development area although there is no evidence for any remains within the site.

5.6 The vast majority of HER entries are post-medieval in date (Sites 6 - 57). St Augustine’s Gate, mentioned above (Site 8), is depicted on 18th century maps of the area, on the southern side of Parkhurst Forest.

5.7 A railway ran through Newport between 1889 and 1953 (Site 7). The track ran from Thorley Road to Yarmouth and then onto Freshwater. It is now disused and functions as a cycle track.

5.8 Gunville Bridge is located along Gunville Road just east of the southeastern corner of site. It is named on the 1st Edition OS map and can be seen named on historic maps of the area (Figures 6 to 9).

5.9 The IoWHER notes that the Pritchetts, who were a well-known brickmaking family in the New Forest Area of Hampshire, set up a brickworks in Kitbridge for the purpose of supplying bricks for the erection of Parkhurst Barracks (Site 9). The brick making in the area links closely with the two clay pits situated to the south-southeast of the search area (Site 10 and 11).

5.10 A boundary stone is situated along Forest Road (Site 12) shown on the 1862 OS map, as well as a line of trees forming a boundary between Newport and Parkhurst Forest. This is unlikely to mark the original extent of Parkhurst Forest, which originally covered 3,000 acres (Page 1912) and extended to the River Medina on the east and up to the Newton Estuary in the west. However, the southern extent is unclear, although a portion of the forest around Carisbrooke was enclosed before 1086 for the king’s use, and became known as Carisbrooke or Watching Park, suggesting that the original forest may have encompassed what is now Gunville, as shown on 17th century mapping (Plate 2 and Plate 2).

Plate 1: Map of Isle of Wight dating to 1600, with approximate site location circled in red

Plate 2: Johan Bleau Map of Isle of Wight 1646, with approximate site location circled in red

5.11 A large military camp dating to 1758 is located c.180m to the north of the development (Site 13). Over 8,000 finds have been recorded at the camp and it is suspected a tented camp was set up first before the more permanent camp was established.

5.12 Three chapels are located within the search area (Sites 14-16). The Wesleyan Methodist Chapel (Site 14) was opened in 1816 and shown on all OS maps but not named.

5.13 Bethel Chapel (Site 15) and Beulah Chapel (Site 16) are located next to each other and both labelled on the 1865 OS map (Figure 6). Bethel Chapel is labelled a Bible Christian chapel on the 1865 and 1898 OS maps (Figure 6 and Figure 7). However it is labelled as a Sunday school on the 1909 OS map (Figure 8) and not labelled after that date. Beulah Chapel (Site 16) is labelled as a Primitive Methodist Chapel on the 1865 OS map (Figure 6), not labelled on the 1898 OS map (Figure 6) then labelled as a Bible Christian Chapel on the 1909 OS map (Figure 8) and a chapel in the 1938 OS map (Figure 9) and onwards.

5.14 Approximately 750m west southwest of the site was Alvington Garden, which was recorded in Isle of Wight Gardens Trust Inventory and had walls erected by 1793 (Site 17). This is shown on the 1866 OS map and is no longer present by 1898. Within close proximity is located Alvington Manor Farm (Site 18) a farmstead with associated buildings (Sites 19 - 28). This is labelled Alvington Farm on the 1866 OS map but as Alvington Manor on all subsequent OS maps until it was renamed post 1978. It is now repurposed as a holiday home and named Lavender Barn.

5.15 Among the associated buildings is a Manor House (Site 19) which is a Grade II Listed building built in the 18th century, a farmhouse (Site 20) and eight farm buildings (Site 21- 28).

5.16 Also associated with Alvington Farm is an artefact scatter (Site 29) thought to be rubbish derived from the farm found during pipeline works.

5.17 Kitbridge Farmstead (Site 30) is located approximately 800m east-northeast of the site and consists of a Grade II Listed farmhouse (Site 31), which was constructed around 1820 with five other farm buildings (Site 32 - 36).

5.18 Little Kitbridge Farm (Site 37) is located 200m west of Kitbridge Farm and is a smaller farmstead consisting of a farm house (Site 38) and farm building (Site 39).

5.19 Another farmstead is located approximately 500m west of the proposed development area. Poleclose Farm (Site 40) is shown as part of a small settlement named Cockleton on the 1793 OS drawing (Figure 5). It is named as Poleclose Farm on subsequent OS maps. The farmstead includes a farm building (Site 41) and a barn (Site 42).

5.20 A number of post-medieval houses are mentioned in the IoWHER (Sites 43-56). As well as a garage (Site 57). However, none are listed buildings.

5.21 There are few sites dated to the modern period (Sites 58-62). A house on Gunville Road (Site 58) approximately 180m south of site is mentioned but is not listed.

5.22 Gunville brickworks (Site 59) is shown on the 1908 OS map and is located south of the proposed development site.

5.23 A mill is present just outside of Gunville (Site 60), originally thought to be dated to the early 19th century however cartographic evidence has revealed it is more likely dated to the early 20th century.

5.24 A type 22 pill box is located within the ground of Forest View Nurseries (Site 61). Site 62 is the location of a former World War II search light.

5.25 Several sites of uncertain date are recorded in the study area. As previously mentioned, the site of the leper hospital is disputed, on historic OS maps it is located at Site 5, which is within Carisbrooke High Schools playing fields. However an excavation was conducted to and no evidence of the hospital was found (Site 63). This perhaps provides support for the suggestion that it was located further west around the location of St Austin’s Gate (Site 6). This would mean the hospital is a lot closer to the proposed development area than originally thought, but still over 200m to the south.

5.26 A layer of crushed chalk below a layer of pebbles possibly forming a road surface was uncovered during construction of a newt pond (Site 64).

5.27 Five sites within the search area (Sites 66-70) are mounds that form part of a line of 23 or 24 such features. It is noted in the IoWHER that one mound has been excavated however no more information is given. Site 66 was visible during a site visit in advance of woodland thinning. The forest clearing is not thought to have impacted the mounds. A ditch is also visible in the area. The mounds are not visible on LIDAR (Figure 4), and their date and function remain unclear.

5.28 A wall thought to be of Roman date is located southeast of the development site (Site 71) approximately 260m away. The wall was uncovered during excavations in the 1960s however all the information known is from a second hand account of two people who remember visiting the site as children therefore there is no hard evidence that it is Roman.

5.29 A fragment of human femur was discovered in a garden on Redwing Close (Site 72).

5.30 The 1793 OS drawing (Figure 5) shows Gunville was not extensively developed at this time, with only a few buildings gathered in the centre and nothing around the development area. The later OS maps from the area show a gradual increase in residential development from

1865 (Figure 6) to 1938 (Figure 9).The site itself remains undeveloped, although the 1865 map shows a number of footpaths crossing the site.

6.0 Site Visit

6.1 The site was visited on Wednesday 16th September 2020. Selected photographic images taken during the site visit are reproduced below and their locations indicated on Figure 2.

6.2 The site is accessed from Gunville Road (Error! Reference source not found.).

Plate 3: View of site from the entry point, looking west

6.3 The site is pasture, with areas of overgrown foliage and features a hedge aligned northeast to southwest separating the northernmost section of the site. It does however have a gap for access (Error! Reference source not found.).

Plate 4: Hedge that separates the northern extent of site, looking north-northwest

6.4 The site slopes downwards from the northeast to the south and west (Plate 5).

Plate 5: View from the northeast corner of site showing topography, looking southwest

6.5 The site boundaries comprise of a combination of fences and hedges (Plate 6). There is an access to the adjoining field in the southwest corner (Plate 7).

Plate 6: View of hedges surrounding site, looking northwest

Plate 7: Entrance into adjoining field, looking west

6.6 Gunville Bridge is located on Gunville Road and aligns with the southeastern edge of the development site. It is constructed of stone and dated to 1821 (Site 9), but with modern brick walls along the road.

Plate 8: View of Gunville Road crossing Gunville Bridge, looking north-northwest

Plate 9: Gunville Bridge (Site 9), looking west-southwest

7.0 Assessment of Significance

7.1 The assessment of significance and impacts has been undertaken in accordance with ‘Conservation Principles’ (Historic England 2008), the Setting of Heritage Assets (Historic England 2015) and Statements of Heritage Significance (Historic England 2019). The assessment methodology and criteria for understanding the significance of heritage values is described below, taken from Statements of Heritage Significance (ibid 2019):

• Archaeological interest

There will be archaeological interest in a heritage asset if it holds, or potentially holds, evidence of past human activity worthy of expert investigation at some point.

• Architectural and artistic interest

These are interests in the design and general aesthetics of a place. They can arise from conscious design or fortuitously from the way the heritage asset has evolved. More specifically, architectural interest is an interest in the art or science of the design, construction, craftsmanship and decoration of buildings and structures of all types. Artistic interest is an interest in other human creative skills, like sculpture.

• Historic Interest

An interest in past lives and events (including pre-historic). Heritage assets can illustrate or be associated with them. Heritage assets with historic interest not only provide a material record of our nation’s history, but can also provide meaning for communities derived from their collective experience of a place and can symbolise wider values such as faith and cultural identity.

7.2 The NPPF para 189 states: In determining applications, local planning authorities should require an applicant to describe the significance of any heritage assets affected, including

any contribution made by their setting. Significance is one of the guiding principles running through the historic environment section of the NPPF. The NPPF defines significance as ‘the value of a heritage asset to this and future generations because of its heritage interest’. Such interest may be archaeological, architectural, artistic or historic’ and it may derive ‘not only from a heritage asset’s physical presence, but also from its setting.

Listed Buildings

7.3 Within the search area there are two listed buildings, they are both Grade II Listed farmhouses. One is Alvington Farmhouse (Site 19) listed as:

C18. 2 storeys and attic. 5 windows and 3 dormers. Stone rubble with red brick window dressings and stringcourse, the easternmost window bay red brick. Hipped slate roof. Glazing bars intact. Doorway with pilasters and pediment.

7.4 The second is Kitbridge Farmhouse (Site 31) listed as:

Early C19 or possibly C18 but cement rendered 2 storeys. Steep pitch hipped slate roof, shallow wood eaves cornice. 3 windows, sash, with moulded flush wood frames, thin block sills. Central recessed door of 6 fielded panels, 4 glazed, panelled reveals end soffit. Flanked by broad reeded engaged Doric columns, frieze and dentil cornice over. Later wood verandah.

Non-designated assets 7.5 The leper’s hospital (Site 5), thought to be located in Gunville, holds some historic interest as it is suspected to have been constructed during the medieval period and provides evidence of the nature of medical provision and ecclesiastical care during the period. However, this site is not anticipated to be within the development plot.

8.0 Assessment of Impact

8.1 The proposal is for residential development. The impact has been assessed based on the potential works associated with residential development including the construction of new buildings, changes to the road network and changes to services.

Listed Buildings 8.2 The proposed development will not impact on the significance of either of the Grade II Listed buildings within the search area. Both designated sites are located over 800m from the proposed development site, with no intervisibility due to the extent of intervening development and trees.

Non-designated assets 8.3 The leper hospital is documented on OS maps as being around 400m east-southeast from the development site so the development wouldn’t impact upon any remaining structures Other accounts put the hospital as close as 200m south-southeast of the development, but this is till sufficiently far from the site to suggest there will be no impact upon subsurface deposits associated with this asset.

9.0 Discussion and Conclusions

9.1 The three instances of prehistoric archaeology within the search area are all find spots, two out of the three being isolated discoveries and one being an artefact scatter, all at some distance from the site. This therefore suggests the archaeological potential for the prehistoric period is negligible.

9.2 Beyond circumstantial evidence for a possible Roman wall (Site 71), there is no evidence for the Roman or early medieval period within the search area, suggesting a negligible archaeological potential.

9.3 Medieval activity is suggested within the search area as Alwinestune is listed as a deserted medieval village and is mentioned in the Domesday Book. A medieval leper hospital is also documented as being within Gunville, however the location is disputed. Nevertheless, the site lies well beyond the core of any known settlement activity, and at some distance from either of the suspected locations of the leper hospital.

9.4 Post medieval activity is frequent within the search area, comprises numerous dwellings, farmsteads and chapels. However cartographic evidence suggests the development area has not been developed and so the potential for archaeology of this period is negligible.

9.5 Given the limited potential for archaeological remains, the development of this site for residential dwellings is deemed to be in accordance with both national and local planning policy and this is further supported by the sites inclusion in the IoW SHLAA as a deliverable housing site.

10.0 Acknowledgements

10.1 Allen Archaeology Limited would like to thank Yarborough Homes Limited for this commission.

11.0 References

Basford, V., 2008, Isle of Wight Historic Landscape Characterisation, Final Report, Isle of Wight Council and English Heritage

CIfA, 2014, Standard and Guidance for Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment, Reading: Chartered Institute for Archaeologists

Historic England, 2015a, Historic Environment Good Practice Advice in Planning, London: Historic Buildings and Monuments Commission for England

Historic England, 2015b, Management of Research Projects in the Historic Environment: The MoRPHE Project Managers’ Guide, London: Historic Buildings and Monuments Commission for England

Hopkins, D, 2004, Hampshire Extensive Urban Survey: Carisbrooke, Hampshire County Council and English Heritage

Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government, 2019, National Planning Policy Framework. London: Department for Communities and Local Government

Page, W. ed., 1914. Index to the Victoria History of Hampshire and the Isle of Wight. Constable, limited.

Williams, A., and Martin, G.H., 2002, Domesday Book: A Complete Translation, London: Penguin Books Ltd

Worsley, R.,1781. The History of the Isle of Wight. A. Hamilton.

Cartographic Sources Map of Isle of Wight dating to 1600, OldMapsOnline.org

Johan Bleau Map of Isle of Wight 1646, OldMapsOnline.org

1793 Ordnance Survey Drawing, www.commons.wikimedia.org

1865 Ordnance Survey Map, Promap.co.uk

1898 Ordnance Survey Map, Promap.co.uk

1909 Ordnance Survey Map, Promap.co.uk

1938 Ordnance Survey Map, Promap.co.uk

Appendix 1: List of IoWHER Entries within a 1km search area

Site HER No. Grade & Easting Northing Description Date No. Listing No. 1 4191/4192 447600 88800 Site located during watching brief on the construction of the Broadfields to Alvington Trunk Main Pipeline. A scatter of prehistoric lithics (including worked flints) and sherds of medieval pottery were recovered from the topsoil on the easement. No archaeological features were observed. The sherds of pottery were all domestic and probably household derived rubbish from Alvington Manor Farm by deliberate dumping or through manuring practices. Prehistoric 2 468 448410 89830 Iron Age ivory weaving comb found in 1926 at Verwood Cottage. The comb is of typical shape and decoration Prehistoric 3 8275 448027 88728 129 Gunville Road. Durotrigan silver/billon stater found in back garden. Abstract type 58- 45 BC. Obv. Abstract head of Apollo right. Rev. Disjointed horse left, pellet below horse, tiny elliptical pellet above horse, coffee bean above tail, dot and zigzag decoration in exergue. VA type 1235-1. Prehistoric 4 505 447450 88550 Alwinestune mentioned in Domesday book. Alvington Listed as Deserted Medieval Village. Medieval 5 469 448460 89220 Site of Lepers Hospital. On Worsley's map, a barn is marked, and near it 'St. Augustines Gate'. There is a field in Whitepit Lane, which is called the 'Spital-Field'. How it came to belong to the parish is unknown. It may have been the site of the hospital of the infirm or more likely of a hospital built in time of epidemic. Tradition has it that the Lepers' Hospital was in Gunville. It is more probable that it stood on the site of the barn marked by Worsley. The charter of confirmation to the Abbot and convent of Lyra by Wm. De Vernon, 1184-1216 mentions the Chapel of the Infirm. Medieval 6 14890 448030 89040 St Austin's Gate or St Toslings Gate. Gate on south side of Parkhurst forest named on 18th century maps as either St Austin's or St Post- Toslings Gate. medieval 7 394 447737 88750 Freshwater - Newport Branch railway 1889- 1953. Railway track between Thorley Road - Post- Yarmouth - Freshwater. Now a cycle track. medieval 8 5418 447960 89240 Gunville Bridge shown on 1st edition OS map. Post- Stone dated to 1821 medieval

Site HER No. Grade & Easting Northing Description Date No. Listing No. 9 4132 448500 89600 Brickworks noted by Isle of Wight Industrial Archaeology Society. In the late 1760s Pritchetts, who were a brickmaking family in the New Forest area, contracted to supply bricks and tiles for the building of the House of Industry at Parkhurst. After completion of the Workhouse in 1770, Pritchett set up another yard at Kitbridge to supply bricks and rebate tiles for the erection of Parkhurst Post- Barracks. medieval 10 6243 448250 88630 Clay pit and kiln shown on 1st edition OS. Post- medieval 11 7565 448292 88632 Clay Pit' Shown on 1862 OS Map. Now shown to be built over by modern estate - probably Post- destroyed. medieval 12 9378 448073 89782 Forest Road, Parkhurst. Boundary Stone Post- shown on 1862 OS map medieval 13 7718 447874 89485 Parkhurst Camp. The British Library holds maps that show a large military camp around the Parkhurst area in Newport that date to 1758 and show a series of encampments. Owner of Kitbridge Farm has also reported a series of metal detected finds from his land that was once part of the encampment that he believes dates to this period. The finds were first uncovered in the 1980s and over a period of 20 years 8000 have been found including military equipment, coat buttons and badges dating from 'Tudor times to 1881'. The evidence suggests that a tented military camp existed at this site before the establishment of permanent structure for the early 19th century Albany Camp. The finds and maps are currently stored at Kitbridge Farm awaiting Mr Earp's intention of constructing a museum at the site Post- to display them. medieval 14 4251 448080 88670 Methodist Chapel (Wesleyan). Opened in 1816. Shown on First Edition 1865 OS. Also on Post- 1898 and 1909 digital OS maps but not named. medieval 15 4252 448030 89010 Bethel Chapel. Shown as Sunday school on 1908 OS map. Built in 1831. Schoolrooms built Post- 1848. medieval 16 4253 448020 89020 Beulah Chapel (Primitive Methodist). Shown but not named on 1898 digital OS map. Shown Post- as Bible Christian Chapel on 1908 OS map medieval 17 8658 447500 88600 Alvington. Garden recorded on Isle of Wight Gardens Trust Inventory. Walls constructed by Post- 1793. medieval 18 9438 447471 88570 Post- Alvington Manor Farm. Shown on 1793 OS medieval

Site HER No. Grade & Easting Northing Description Date No. Listing No. 19 10296 II/1365222 447510 88529 Alvington Manor Farm, Calbourne Road, Carisbrooke. C18. 2 storeys and attic, 5 windows & 3 dormers. Stone rubble with red brick window dressings and string course. The eastern most window bay red brick. Hipped slate roof, Glazing bars intact. Doorway with pilasters and pediment. Tithe Apportionment Post- no.320, Carisbrooke Tithe map medieval 20 10305 447494 88526 Alvington Manor Farm, Calbourne Road, Carisbrooke. Farmhouse constructed of coursed stone rubble although Second storey built of brick in stretcher bond. Brick quoins, gabled roof of thick slate, casement windows. Tithe Apportionment no.320, Carisbrooke Post- Tithe map. medieval 21 10298 447455 88549 Alvington Manor Farm, Calbourne Road, Carisbrooke. Single storey building constructed of coursed stone rubble with gabled tiled roof. Building type - unknown. Tithe Apportionment no.320, Carisbrooke Post- Tithe map medieval 22 10300 447490 88610 Alvington Manor Farm, Calbourne Road, Carisbrooke. Building type unknown. Single storey building constructed of coursed stone rubble with brick quoins and hipped slate roof. Tithe Apportionment no.320, Carisbrooke Post- Tithe map medieval 23 10299 447450 88650 Alvington Manor Farm, Calbourne Road, Carisbrooke. Barn constructed of coursed stone rubble with brick ventilation slots and gabled slate roof. Tithe Apportionment Post- no.320, Carisbrooke Tithe Map. medieval 24 10297 447480 88517 Alvington Manor Farm, Calbourne Road, Carisbrooke. Cowshed or stables? Constructed of coursed stone rubble with brick quoins and gabled slate roof. Tithe Apportionment Post- no.320, Carisbrooke Tithe map medieval 25 10301 447440 88630 Alvington Manor Farm, Calbourne Road, Carisbrooke. Cowshed? Single storey building constructed of coursed stone rubble with side alternate quoins and single pitch roof covered with corrugated asbestos sheeting. Tithe Post- Apportionment no.320, Carisbrooke Tithe map medieval 26 10302 447490 88590 Alvington Manor Farm, Calbourne Road, Carisbrooke. Cowshed. Single storey building constructed of uncoursed stone rubble with brick quoins and gabled slate roof. Tithe Post- Apportionment no.320, Carisbrooke Tithe map medieval

Site HER No. Grade & Easting Northing Description Date No. Listing No. 27 10303 447480 88610 Alvington Manor Farm, Calbourne Road, Carisbrooke. Now used as a cowshed, probably formerly stables. 2 storey building constructed of coursed stone rubble with side alternate quoins and gabled slate roof. Tithe Apportionment no.320, Carisbrooke Tithe Post- map. medieval 28 10304 447510 88620 Alvington Manor Farm, Calbourne Road, Carisbrooke. Single storey building constructed of brick in Sussex bond with gabled roof covered with corrugated iron sheeting. Probably a cartshed. Tithe Post- Apportionment no.320, Carisbrooke Tithe map medieval 29 4190 447500 88700 Site located during watching brief on the construction of the Broadfields to Alvington Trunk Main Pipeline. A scatter of post medieval artefacts were retrieved from the chalky clay subsoil deposit. These were randomly scattered over a relatively small area within the stripped easement with no apparent concentration. No archaeological features. All this material was interpreted as rubbish probably derived from Alvington Manor Farm. The absence of in situ archaeological features on the easement may indicate that any activity associated with the medieval manor was not Post- located in this area of the pipeline route. medieval 30 9585 448717 89571 Kitbridge Farm. Unnamed building shown on OS 1790s may be only a barn. Named on OS Post- 1866. medieval 10341 II/034607 448748 89596 Kitbridge Farm, off Forest Road, Near Gunville. Date 1820? Early C19 or possibly C18 but cement rendered 2 storeys. Steep pitch hipped slate roof, shallow wood eaves cornice. 3 windows, sash, with moulded flush wood frames, thin block sills. Identified as being at risk or vulnerable. Tithe Apportionment Post- 31 no.325, Carisbrooke Tithe map medieval 10345 448734 89640 Kitbridge Farm, off Forest Road, near Gunville. Depicted on the 1862, 1898 and 1909 (digitised) OS maps. Farm building with brick lined pond to the north interpreted as an 'ice pond', identified from farm deeds. Single storey, gabled slate roof. Tithe Apportionment Post- 32 no.325, Carisbrooke Tithe map. medieval 10346 448739 89606 Kitbridge Farm, off Forest Road, near Gunville. 2 storeys, rendered with gabled slate roof. Brick bond is not visible. Now used as a store. Used as a tannery or meat store during the Victorian period. Original use unknown. Tithe Post- 33 Apportionment no.325, Carisbrooke Tithe map medieval

Site HER No. Grade & Easting Northing Description Date No. Listing No. 10344 448728 89581 Kitbridge Farm, off Forest Road, near Gunville. Cow shed. Building struck by lightning, middle portion rebuilt with some course (?) in the original grey brick. Southern three quarters of building appear unroofed on 2012 aerial photograph. Tithe Apportionment no.325, Post- 34 Carisbrooke Tithe map medieval 10343 448700 89562 Kitbridge Farm, off Forest Road, near Gunville. Stable single storey with gabled roof covered with corrugated asbestos sheeting. Tithe Post- 35 Apportionment no.325, Carisbrooke Tithe map medieval 10342 448704 89582 Kitbridge Farm, off Forest Road, near Gunville. Pigsty constructed of brick in stretcher bond? Gabled slate roof. Tithe Apportionment Post- 36 no.325, Carisbrooke Tithe map medieval 9600 448488 89478 Little Kitbridge Farm. Named as ‘Kitbridge’ on Post- 37 OS 1790s medieval 14627 448488 89488 Farmhouse at Little Kitbridge Farm, Forest Road, Newport. Shown on 1898 and 1909 (digitised) OS maps. Not mapped on Carisbrooke Tithe Map. 'Little Kitbridge' depicted on the 1862 (digitised) OS map. Unclear if building is the same as that shown Post- 38 on the 1898 OS medieval 14628 448492 89461 Farm building at Little Kitbridge Farm, Forest Road, Newport. Shown on 1898 and 1909 OS maps. Little Kitbridge depicted on the 1862 Digitised OS Map, although it is unclear if the building depicted is that shown on the Post- 39 1898 OS map. medieval 9669 447273 89214 Poleclose Farm. Shown as part of small settlement named ‘Cockleton’ on OS 1790s. Post- 40 Named as Poleclose Fm on OS 1866 medieval 11051 447277 89223 Poleclose Farm, Gunville (Forest Road). Constructed of coursed stone rubble with brick quoins and single pitch corrugated iron roof. Post- 41 Pigstys. Demolished? medieval 11050 447267 89233 Poleclose Farm, Gunville (Forest Road), Isle of Wight. Barn constructed of brick in Flemish Post- 42 bond with gabled slate roof. medieval 10281 448082 88699 Gunville Road, Gunville (derelict), Carisbrooke. 2 storeys, constructed of brick in chequer bond, with gabled tiled roof and sash windows. Tithe Apportionment no.564, Carisbrooke Post- 43 Tithe map medieval

Site HER No. Grade & Easting Northing Description Date No. Listing No. 10282 447898 88788 Spring Cottage, Spring Walk, Gunville. 2 storey cottage constructed of brick in stretcher bond with gabled slate roof and casement windows. 20 year old extension to south side. Also extension on north side. Now two cottages. Tithe Apportionment no.622?, Carisbrooke Post- 44 Tithe map. medieval 10287 447990 89180 221? Gunville Road, Gunville. Rendered with pantiled gabled roof. All windows renewed, renovated and extended beyond recognition. Extension back and side. Tithe Apportionment no.584, Carisbrooke Post- 45 Tithe map medieval 10288 447890 89110 Ash Lane, Gunville. Row of 3 brick cottages. Renovated with new windows. Garage extension on one. Tithe Apportionment Post- 46 no.580, Carisbrooke Tithe map medieval 10289 447981 89116 213 Gunville Road, Gunville. Now a bungalow and reroofed. Formerly a single storey cottage. Old casement windows in front. Tithe Post- 47 Apportionment no.589, Carisbrooke Tithe map medieval 10291 448030 88910 Next to Garage, Gunville Road, Carisbrooke. 2 storeys, gabled slate roof. Tithe Apportionment no.611b, Carisbrooke Tithe Post- 48 map medieval 10334 447868 89557 288 - 286 Gunville Road, Gunville. Constructed of brick in Flemish bond. 2 storeys, gabled slate roof. Replacement windows. 288 has side extension. Tithe Apportionment no.353a, Post- 49 Carisbrooke Tithe map medieval 10335 447837 89639 308 Gunville Road, (Honeysuckle Cottage). 2 storeys with gabled slate roof and casement windows. On side it is possible to see the brickwork beneath the rendering. Extension on front. Tithe Apportionment no.358, Carisbrooke Tithe Post- 50 map. medieval 10336 448178 89764 The Brambles, off Forest Road, Near Gunville. Constructed of brick in stretcher bond with M- shaped slate roof and casement windows. Has side extension for garage. 3 rows of headers (string course) on East wall. Tithe Apportionment no.338a, Carisbrooke Post- 51 Tithe map medieval 10337 447977 89774 Woodside, Forest Road, near Gunville. 2 storeys. Constructed of brick in stretcher bond with gables slate roof and casement windows. Re-pointed at front. Original extension to rear? Tithe Apportionment no.346, Carisbrooke Post- 52 Tithe map medieval

Site HER No. Grade & Easting Northing Description Date No. Listing No. 10338 448006 89731 Fir Cottage, off Forest Road, Near Gunville. Side and front extended. Rendered brick walls, but bond not visible. M-shaped slate roof and casement windows. Tithe Apportionment Post- 53 no.356, Carisbrooke Tithe map medieval 10340 448014 89704 Jasmine Cottage, off Forest Road, near Gunville. Constructed of brick in stretcher bond with gabled slate roof and casement Post- 54 windows. Extension at rear. medieval 10286 447965 89126 215-217 Gunville Road, Gunville. 2 storey cottages constructed of brick in Flemish bond with M-shaped slate roof and casement windows. Tithe Apportionment no.589, Post- 55 Carisbrooke Tithe map. medieval 14669 447404 89222 Poleclose Cottages, Poleclose Lane, Forest Road, Newport. Shown on 1898 and 1909 Ordnance Survey maps. Constructed of red brick with decorative buff brick bands, quoins Post- 56 and window dressings. Replacement windows. medieval 10283 448010 88900 Gunville Road, (garage), Gunville. Constructed of brick with asbestos sheeting roof. Now single storey double garage asbestos roof, one original casement window. Tithe Apportionment no.611b, Carisbrooke Tithe Post- 57 map medieval 10285 447992 89066 205 Gunville Road, Gunville, Carisbrooke. 2 storeys, constructed of brick with hipped pantiled roof and casement windows. 58 Carisbrooke Tithe map aportionment No. 591 Modern 59 4110 447880 88580 Gunville Brick Works shown on 1908 OS map Modern 10339 448096 89770 Mill, Forest Road, near Gunville. 'Saw Mill' and 'Timber Yard' depicted on the 1909 (Digitised) OS map. Originally dated to the first half of the 19th century but the cartographic evidence indicates that the building is of early 20th century date. Tithe Apportionment no.339, 60 Carisbrooke Tithe map Modern 3225 448380 89870 Type 22 pillbox. Polygonal pill box constructed with concrete, west facing. Situated in the grounds of Forest View Nurseries. Good 61 condition but overgrown with ivy. Modern 3973 447700 89300 During August and September 1941 orders issued by 35 Searchlight Regiment for its batteries to redeploy as part of general declustering of lights and rearrangement into Indicator, Killer and GDA belts. The sites were subsequently redesignated into these roles, although the concordance of positions to functions has not been established. Gunville 62 named location Modern

Site HER No. Grade & Easting Northing Description Date No. Listing No. 6218 448400 89160 Carisbrooke High School Playing Field. Excavation carried out to examine possible site of Leper Hospital produced no evidence of the 63 site. Uncertain 6228 448732 89269 Kitbridge. A layer of crushed chalk covered with a thinner layer of flint pebbles visible in eastern side of a newt pond excavated by machine. Not measured or recorded as pond filled with water. Possibly a hardstanding, 64 surface of some sort or part of a road. Uncertain 9375 447430 89875 Parkhurst Forest. Mound shown on 1862 OS 65 map. Located close to parish boundary. Uncertain 1504 448340 90020 One of a line of 23 or 24 mounds. Discovered 1948-50. One mound excavated apparently. No finds. Charcoal spreads. Photos taken but whereabouts unknown. (1504 - 1508) Site visit in advance of woodland thinning. Although still heavily overgrown it was possible to make out this irregular shaped mound - approximately 0.4m high and 8m in diameter. Forestry clearance was not at this time understood to have any impact on these 66 features. Uncertain 1505 448400 90050 One of a line of 23 or 24 mounds. Recently 67 replanted with Corsican pines. Ditch just visible Uncertain 1506 448410 90060 One of a line of 23 or 24 mounds. Recently 68 replanted with Corsican pines. Ditch just visible Uncertain 1507 448430 90070 One of a line of 23 or 24 mounds. Recently 69 replanted with Corsican pines. Ditch just visible Uncertain 1508 448460 90060 One of a line of 23 or 24 mounds. Recently 70 replanted with Corsican pines. Ditch just visible Uncertain 14892 448180 89110 Second hand account of wall, thought to have been of Roman date, exposed during archaeological excavations in the 1960s on land behind houses opposite the Methodist Church. This second hand account is originally from two people who remember visiting the site as local school children, and who reported 71 that they drew the wall. Uncertain 8162 448501 88573 9 Redwing Close, Carisbrooke. Fragment of 72 human femur found in garden. Uncertain

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Site Locaon

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