Principle and Poetry
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A Newsletter For Poets & Poetry Volume 15, Issue 1 - Spring 2010 Photo/Kit Stafford Principle and Poetry by Tim Barnes BOARD OF TRUSTEES Refusing War, Affirming Peace: A History of Civilian of CPS #21 flourish was a camp director of integrity, Chair: Dennis Schmidling Public Service Camp No. 21 at Cascade Locks. Jeffrey leadership, and moral courage, Mark Schrock; a large pro tem Kovac. Oregon State University, 2009. number of writers, artists, and musicians; and perhaps Tim Barnes most crucial, according to Kovac, a certain kind of Can Poetry Save the Earth? A Field Guide to Nature CO. He calls them “transformers,” those COs who Patricia Carver Poems. John Felstiner. Yale University Press, 2009. mostly cooperated with the CPS system because they hoped to accomplish certain goals so they could “create Don Colburn These two books speak to things vital to understanding a more peaceful world after the war.” Other types Arnold Dyer Bill Stafford’s life and work. Refusing War, Affirming were “resisters,” those who rejected conscription and Peace tells us about the kind of community in which the CPS; “servants,” those who accepted conscription Martha Gatchell Bill honed the principles that influenced the life and cooperated fully, and “separatists,” often Jehovah’s that made the poems we love. Can Poetry Save the Witnesses, hostile to state interference with their Linda Gelbrich Earth? looks at a kind of poetry of which Bill was evangelism. These transformers, people like Stafford, Paulann Petersen a master—the nature poem—and claims in a way tried to create a community of individuals who could I think Bill would have approved that the ethos of realize a vivid alternative to the way of the world Shelley Reece the serious nature poem is salvific, that the attention that led to their isolation and estrangement from the to the earth that fine nature poems offer could save general citizenry. Helen Schmidling it from environmental devastation. Scot Siegel These books explore two keystones of Bill’s life and work—his pacifism and Ann Staley his poetics. Easy The cover of Refusing War, Affirming Leah Stenson Peace shows what appears to be a man Our men walk lightly and scatter over the mountains. Rich Wandschneider in World War II army fatigues manning They go away casually and you can’t find them. a machine gun. A closer look reveals You can’t ever find them. They don’t care. Nancy Winklesky a man cutting pipe, probably Henry They don’t even tie their shoes or look back. Dasenbrock, one of the several hundred They climb over the rocks and stand easily in the sun. NATIO N AL ADVISORS : conscientious objectors who served at They can build roads and lift stones all day Marvin Bell CPS #21, where Charlie Davis, Kovac’s and laugh on the way home. father-in-law, also served. Robert Bly Kovac is a Reed graduate, a professor You ask them a question, but you can’t ever find them. Kurt Brown of chemistry at the U. of Tennessee, “God don’t like war,” says one. and an expert in scientific ethics. His James DePreist “I’ll go back. I’m willing. I’ll walk the rows of corn,” commitment to nonviolence and his says another. Donald Hall access to his father-in-law’s papers and “But why should I kill people? It’s silly.” Maxine Kumin correspondence prompted him to write They stroll through those tall mountains. the story of one of the most successful Li-Young Lee They don’t care. of the 152 Civilian Public Service Ursula K. LeGuin Camps created during WWII. BILL STAFFORD Chris Merrill Kovac’s strategy is to look at CPS #21, Printed in The Illiterati 3, summer 1944 which became known as the “Athens of W. S. Merwin CPS,” as an organic community. Among Naomi Shihab Nye the factors that made the community Gary Snyder Friends of William Stafford is a non-profit organization dedicated to raising awareness of poetry and literature in the spirit of the legacy, life and works of the late award-winning poet William Stafford. 2 This was manifested in the way CPS #21 governed itself, the about Yamada’s discharge order but the transformers, lead by camp cultural life it created, and the political positions it took. As a coda president Charlie Davis, resisted it, some proposing nonviolent direct to some key examples from the book, I quote from Kim Stafford’s resistance. The board wrote a letter of protest to General Hershey, introduction to the OSU reprint of Down in My Heart, Bill’s book head of the Selective Service. This and some good fortune convinced about his CO experience: the Selective Service to shift its position, and Yamada was sent to a Years later, my father would tell me that when a CO came to our CPS camp farther inland. Dorothy Stafford was once asked if Bill house, he felt a certain kind of light came into the room. I was afraid of anything and she said, “Well, he took on the Defense think for the rest of his life he missed that intensity of purpose he Department all by himself, didn’t he?” Those COs at CPS #21 had had felt in camp. that spirit and gained a small victory in the face of a formidable foe. CPS #21 was a “democratic, cooperative community” and Kovac’s book begins with the formation of the Civilian Public developed a particular form for electing the nine-member camp Service Program in 1940 that created CPS #21 and in eight chapters council. No nominations were allowed. Each man voted by secret follows that community to its close in July, 1946. Though the ballot for the person he thought most qualified. If no one received endnotes are flawed (those for chapter five are listed as those for a majority, the same process was applied to the leading candidates. six and those for six are absent), Refusing War, Affirming Peace is a Electoral campaigns were waged in the individual minds of the compelling story for the reader interested in pacifism, progressive constituents—a democracy based on the individual’s unencumbered politics, and Bill Stafford. The reader gets a close and thoughtful intuitions. look into the type of community that fine-tuned the sensibility that CPS #21, Kovac tells us, had a “vibrant cultural and recreational allowed him to write the kind of poem John Felstiner finds just life.” There were musical concerts, a men’s chorus, and a basketball might save the earth. team. Several COs remodeled a building into a library that housed Felstiner’s premise and his reason for gathering together thirty- the newspaper, The Columbian, and a music room. The library eight nature poets (not including the psalmist and anon.) is that became a center of intellectual activity, these poets remind us “how connected and one CO called it “the most used we are to the natural world.” A field and most valuable building of the guide is a book for identifying things entire Cascade Locks camp.” The in their natural environment. This book camp produced a number of plays, feels more like a field guide to poets than including a very popular parody called poems, though many wonderful poems The Mikado in CPS, written by one of are discussed. Among the poets included the key “transformers,” Kermit Sheets. are Whitman, Dickinson, Frost, W.C. CPS #21 also published a literary Williams, Roethke, Levertov, Kinnell, magazine, The Illiterati,that had as one Ted Hughes; it stops at the birth year of its goals “to explore the relationship 1930 with Derek Walcott and Gary between art and pacificism.” Bill’s Snyder. His goal is to include those poets poems appeared in several issues. One whose special gaze focuses in particular of those poems, “Easy,” accompanies on the natural world. Eliot, Pound, this review. Auden, Koch, Plath, Sexton, James The camp also formed a School for Pacifist Living which listed Wright, Phil Levine, Ashbery, to name a few, are not included. twelve study areas. Several of these seem subjects Bill studied on The cover of Can Poetry Save the Earth? shows an 1816 engraving his own: six, “Pacifist Living and Education”; nine, “Disciplines of a small figure gazing at a huge cataract cascading down a gorge. It Necessary for Pacifist Living”; ten, “Pacifist Lessons from History.” is the poets one can imagine in this situation that Felstiner includes. COs studying number six articulated these goals: Educate students And though he devotes only a chapter to Stafford, he finds Bill for “world citizenship,” “teach a cooperative spirit instead of a essential in establishing and affirming his thesis that the attention to competitive one,” and “teach that military force in national hands the natural world found in certain poets is salvific. is a grave danger to world peace.” These feel like Bill’s principles His chapter on Bill’s poetry, “Earth Home to William Stafford,” and, of course, his poem, “At the Un-National Monument Along is subtitled, “care in such a world.” Felstiner, an English professor the Canadian Border,” (the latest FWS broadside) is a clear example at Stanford University and the author of two exceptional books, of number ten. I think Bill would have enrolled in that school and Translating Neruda: The Way to Macchu Picchu, and Paul Celan: its existence speaks to the intellectual and ethical atmosphere of CPS Poet, Survivor, and Jew, subtitles his introduction with the above #21 and, more than likely, other camps, especially among Bill’s type, phrase from “The Well Rising.” He threads Stafford’s poetry into his the transformers.